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Bauer A, Berben P, Chakravarthi SS, Chattorraj S, Garg A, Gourdon B, Heimbach T, Huang Y, Morrison C, Mundhra D, Palaparthy R, Saha P, Siemons M, Shaik NA, Shi Y, Shum S, Thakral NK, Urva S, Vargo R, Koganti VR, Barrett SE. Current State and Opportunities with Long-acting Injectables: Industry Perspectives from the Innovation and Quality Consortium "Long-Acting Injectables" Working Group. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1601-1631. [PMID: 36811809 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations can provide several advantages over the more traditional oral formulation as drug product opportunities. LAI formulations can achieve sustained drug release for extended periods of time, which results in less frequent dosing requirements leading to higher patient adherence and more optimal therapeutic outcomes. This review article will provide an industry perspective on the development and associated challenges of long-acting injectable formulations. The LAIs described herein include polymer-based formulations, oil-based formulations, and crystalline drug suspensions. The review discusses manufacturing processes, including quality controls, considerations of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), biopharmaceutical properties and clinical requirements pertaining to LAI technology selection, and characterization of LAIs through in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Lastly, the article includes a discussion around the current lack of suitable compendial and biorelevant in vitro models for the evaluation of LAIs and its subsequent impact on LAI product development and approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bauer
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ashish Garg
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Ye Huang
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pratik Saha
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Maxime Siemons
- Janssen R&D, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Yi Shi
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Sara Shum
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Shweta Urva
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ryan Vargo
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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Gonella A, Grizot S, Liu F, López Noriega A, Richard J. Long-acting injectable formulation technologies: Challenges and opportunities for the delivery of fragile molecules. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:927-944. [PMID: 35899474 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of long acting injectables (LAIs) for protein and peptide therapeutics has been a key challenge over the last 20 years. If these molecules offer advantages due to their high specificity and selectivity, their controlled release may confer several additional benefits in terms of extended half-life, local delivery, and patient compliance. AREA COVERED This manuscript aims to give an overview of peptide and protein based LAIs from an industrial perspective, describing both approved and promising technologies (with exceptions of protein engineering strategies and devices), their advantages and potential improvements to aid their access to the market. EXPERT OPINION Many LAIs have been developed for peptides, with formulations on the market for several decades. On the contrary, LAIs for proteins are still far from the market and issues related to manufacturing and sterilization of these products still need to be overcome. In situ forming depots (ISFDs), whose simple manufacturing conditions and easy administration procedures (without reconstitution) are strong advantages, appear as one of the most promising technologies for the delivery of these molecules. In this regard, the approval of ELIGARD® in the early 2000's (which still requires a complex reconstitution process), paved the way for the development of second-generation, ready-to-use ISFD technologies like BEPO® and FluidCrystal®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gonella
- MedinCell S.A. - 3 rue des Frères Lumiere, 34830, Jacou, France
| | | | - Fang Liu
- MedinCell S.A. - 3 rue des Frères Lumiere, 34830, Jacou, France
| | | | - Joël Richard
- MedinCell S.A. - 3 rue des Frères Lumiere, 34830, Jacou, France
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Glass Transition Temperature of PLGA Particles and the Influence on Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050993. [PMID: 35267816 PMCID: PMC8912735 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nano- and micro- drug delivery vehicles have been rapidly developed since PLGA was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Common factors that influence PLGA particle properties have been extensively studied by researchers, such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency. These properties have all been found to be key factors for determining the drug release kinetics of the drug delivery particles. For drug delivery applications the drug release behavior is a critical property, and PLGA drug delivery systems are still plagued with the issue of burst release when a large portion of the drug is suddenly released from the particle rather than the controlled release the particles are designed for. Other properties of the particles can play a role in the drug release behavior, such as the glass transition temperature (Tg). The Tg, however, is an underreported property of current PLGA based drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the glass transition temperature in PLGA particles, the factors that influence the Tg, the effect of Tg on drug release behavior, and presents the recent awareness of the influence of Tg on drug delivery applications.
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Jacobs GP. Irradiation of pharmaceuticals: A literature review. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Park K, Otte A, Sharifi F, Garner J, Skidmore S, Park H, Jhon YK, Qin B, Wang Y. Potential Roles of the Glass Transition Temperature of PLGA Microparticles in Drug Release Kinetics. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:18-32. [PMID: 33331774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used for long-acting injectable drug delivery systems for more than 30 years. The factors affecting the properties of PLGA formulations are still not clearly understood. The drug release kinetics of PLGA microparticles are influenced by many parameters associated with the formulation composition, manufacturing process, and post-treatments. Since the drug release kinetics have not been explainable using the measurable properties, formulating PLGA microparticles with desired drug release kinetics has been extremely difficult. Of the various properties, the glass transition temperature, Tg, of PLGA formulations is able to explain various aspects of drug release kinetics. This allows examination of parameters that affect the Tg of PLGA formulations, and thus, affecting the drug release kinetics. The impacts of the terminal sterilization on the Tg and drug release kinetics were also examined. The analysis of drug release kinetics in relation to the Tg of PLGA formulations provides a basis for further understanding of the factors controlling drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Andrew Otte
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John Garner
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Sarah Skidmore
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Haesun Park
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Young Kuk Jhon
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Nkanga CI, Fisch A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Romic MD, Kittel B, Ullrich T, Wang J, Krause RWM, Adler S, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:19-46. [PMID: 33202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa, XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Birgit Kittel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sabine Adler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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Composite poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels synthesized using UV and gamma irradiation: comparison of material properties. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Lee PW, Pokorski JK. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) devices: Production and applications for sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1516. [PMID: 29536634 PMCID: PMC6136991 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injectable or implantable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) devices for the sustained delivery of proteins have been widely studied and utilized to overcome the necessity of repeated administrations for therapeutic proteins due to poor pharmacokinetic profiles of macromolecular therapies. These devices can come in the form of microparticles, implants, or patches depending on the disease state and route of administration. Furthermore, the release rate can be tuned from weeks to months by controlling the polymer composition, geometry of the device, or introducing additives during device fabrication. Slow-release devices have become a very powerful tool for modern medicine. Production of these devices has initially focused on emulsion-based methods, relying on phase separation to encapsulate proteins within polymeric microparticles. Process parameters and the effect of additives have been thoroughly researched to ensure protein stability during device manufacturing and to control the release profile. Continuous fluidic production methods have also been utilized to create protein-laden PLGA devices through spray drying and electrospray production. Thermal processing of PLGA with solid proteins is an emerging production method that allows for continuous, high-throughput manufacturing of PLGA/protein devices. Overall, polymeric materials for protein delivery remain an emerging field of research for the creation of single administration treatments for a wide variety of disease. This review describes, in detail, methods to make PLGA devices, comparing traditional emulsion-based methods to emerging methods to fabricate protein-laden devices. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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de Oliveira AR, Mesquita PC, Machado PRL, Farias KJS, de Almeida YMB, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Cornélio AM, do Egito EST, da Silva-Júnior AA. Monitoring structural features, biocompatibility and biological efficacy of gamma-irradiated methotrexate-loaded spray-dried microparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:438-448. [PMID: 28866185 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, biodegradable and biocompatible gamma irradiated poly-(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) spray-dried microparticles were prepared aiming to improve the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX). The experimental design included three formulations of microparticles containing distinct drug amount (9%, 18%, and 27% w/w) and three distinct gamma irradiation dose (15kGy, 25kGy, and 30kGy). The physicochemical and drug release properties of the microparticles supported their biocompatibility and biological efficacy studies in different cell lines. The irradiation induced slight changes in the spherical shape of the microparticles and the formation of free radicals was dependent on the drug loading. However, the amorphous character, particle size, drug loading, and drug release rate of the microparticles were preserved. The drug release data from all microparticles formulation were evaluated by using four drug kinetic models and by comparison of their similarity factor (f2). The gamma irradiation did not induce changes in the biocompatibility of PLGA microparticles and in the biological activity of the MTX-loaded microparticles. Finally, the spray-dried MTX-loaded PLGA microparticles enhanced the efficacy of the drug in the human cervical cancer cells (SiHa cell line). This study demonstrated the feasibility of the gamma irradiated spray dried PLGA microparticles for prolonged release of MTX, supporting a promising antitumor-drug delivery system for parenteral (subcutaneous) or pulmonary use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Philippe C Mesquita
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Paula R L Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kleber J S Farias
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Yêda M B de Almeida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50740-521 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alianda M Cornélio
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eryvaldo Sócrates T do Egito
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Sawada K, Miron RJ, Leiser D, Caballé-Serrano J, Bosshardt DD, Schaller B, Buser D, Gruber R. High-dose irradiation of bone chips preserves the in vitro activity of bone-conditioned medium. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:325-31. [PMID: 27665970 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal irradiation sterilizes resected tumor bone used as autografts in reconstruction surgery. Therapeutic irradiation is a standard technique in head and neck cancer therapy that aims to preserve organ function. Bone irradiation has a complex, mostly inhibitory, effect on remodeling and regeneration, although the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. It remains unclear if extracorporeal irradiation affects the paracrine-like activity of the corresponding autografts. We recently reported that bone-conditioned medium from autogenous bone chips contains a number of factors that might affect cell activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracorporeal irradiation of porcine cortical bone chips on the activity of the corresponding bone-conditioned medium. The effects of bone-conditioned medium on the expressions of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) target genes in oral fibroblasts were assessed. Bone-conditioned medium from bone chips exposed to a total radiation dose up to 120 Gy did not affect expressions of TGF-β target genes, including adrenomedullin, BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 11, proteoglycan 4, NADPH oxidase 4, and interleukin 11, in oral fibroblasts. In conclusion, bone irradiation does not alter the capability of the corresponding bone-conditioned medium to provoke a robust fibroblastic cell response in vitro. (J Oral Sci 58, 325-331, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Sawada
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern
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Wu J, Williams GR, Branford-White C, Li H, Li Y, Zhu LM. Liraglutide-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres: Preparation and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wu Y, Jing D, Ouyang H, Li L, Zhai M, Li Y, Bi L, Guoxian P. Pre-implanted Sensory Nerve Could Enhance the Neurotization in Tissue-Engineered Bone Graft. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:2241-9. [PMID: 25996367 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, it was found that implanting the sensory nerve tract into the tissue-engineered bone to repair large bone defects can significantly result in better osteogenesis effect than tissue-engineered bone graft (TEBG) alone. To study the behavior of the preimplanted sensory nerve in the TEBG, the TEBG was constructed by seeding bone mesenchymal stem cells into β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold with (treatment group) or without (blank group) implantation of the sensory nerve. The expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which helps in the healing of bone defect in the treatment group was significantly higher than the blank group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), which might be expressed during nerve healing in the treatment group, was significantly higher than the blank group at 4 and 8 weeks. The nerve tracts of the preimplanted sensory nerve were found in the scaffold by the nerve tracing technique. The implanted sensory nerve tracts grew into the pores of scaffolds much earlier than the vascular. The implanted sensory nerve tracts traced by Dil could be observed at 4 weeks, but at the same time, no vascular was observed. In conclusion, the TEBG could be benefited from the preimplanted sensory nerve through the healing behavior of the sensory nerve. The sensory nerve fibers could grow into the pores of the TEBG rapidly, and increase the expression of CGRP, which is helpful in regulating the bone formation and the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Jing
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, The Hospital of Liaoyuan Mining Industry (Group)Limited Company , Liaoyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhai
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Bi
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Guoxian
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Erdemli Ö, Keskin D, Tezcaner A. Influence of excipients on characteristics and release profiles of poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres containing immunoglobulin G. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Characteristics and release profiles of MPEG-PCL-MPEG microspheres containing immunoglobulin G. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:487-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lendlein A, Behl M, Hiebl B, Wischke C. Shape-memory polymers as a technology platform for biomedical applications. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 7:357-79. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gamma irradiation of active self-healing PLGA microspheres for efficient aqueous encapsulation of vaccine antigens. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1768-78. [PMID: 23515830 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of γ-irradiation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Al(OH)₃/0 or 5 wt% diethyl phthalate (DEP) microspheres for active self-healing encapsulation of vaccine antigens. METHODS Microspheres were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co at 2.5 and 1.8 MRad and 0.37 and 0.20 MRad/h. Encapsulation of tetanus toxoid (TT) was achieved by mixing Al(OH)₃-PLGA microspheres with TT solution at 10-38°C. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to examine free radical formation. Glass transition temperature (T(g)) and molecular weight of PLGA was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. Loading and release of TT were examined by modified Bradford, amino acid analysis, and ELISA assays. RESULTS EPR spectroscopy results indicated absence of free radicals in PLGA microspheres after γ-irradiation. Antigen-sorbing capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and T(g) of the polymer were also not adversely affected. When DEP-loaded microspheres were irradiated at 0.2 MRad/h, some PLGA pores healed during irradiation and PLGA healing during encapsulation was suppressed. The molecular weight of PLGA was slightly reduced when DEP-loaded microspheres were irradiated at the same dose rate. At the 0.37 MRad/h dose rate, these trends were not observed and the full immunoreactivity of TT was preserved during encapsulation and 1-month release. Gamma irradiation slightly increased TT initial burst release. The small increase in total irradiation dose from 1.8 to 2.5 MRad had insignificant effect on the polymer and microspheres properties analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Gamma irradiation is a plausible approach to provide a terminally sterilized, self-healing encapsulation PLGA excipient for vaccine delivery.
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Checa-Casalengua P, Jiang C, Bravo-Osuna I, Tucker BA, Molina-Martínez IT, Young MJ, Herrero-Vanrell R. Preservation of biological activity of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) after microencapsulation and sterilization by gamma irradiation. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:545-54. [PMID: 22828071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A main issue in controlled delivery of biotechnological products from injectable biodegradable microspheres is to preserve their integrity and functional activity after the microencapsulation process and final sterilization. The present experimental work tested different technological approaches to maintain the biological activity of an encapsulated biotechnological product within PLGA [poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)] microspheres (MS) after their sterilization by gamma irradiation. GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), useful in the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases, was chosen as a labile model protein. In the particular case of optic nerve degeneration, GDNF has been demonstrated to improve the damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGC) survival. GDNF was encapsulated in its molecular state by the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) technique or as solid according to the solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) method. Based on the S/O/W technique, GDNF was included in the PLGA microspheres alone (S/O/W 1) or in combination with an antioxidant (vitamin E, Vit E) (S/O/W 2). Microspheres were sterilized by gamma-irradiation (dose of 25 kGy) at room and low (-78 °C) temperatures. Functional activity of GDNF released from the different microspheres was evaluated both before and after sterilization in their potential target cells (retinal cells). Although none of the systems proposed achieved with the goal of totally retain the structural stability of the GDNF-dimer, the protein released from the S/O/W 2 microspheres was clearly the most biologically active, showing significantly less retinal cell death than that released from either W/O/W or S/O/W 1 particles, even in low amounts of the neurotrophic factor. According to the results presented in this work, the biological activity of biotechnological products after microencapsulation and sterilization can be further preserved by the inclusion of the active molecule in its solid state in combination with antioxidants and using low temperature (-78 °C) during gamma irradiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Checa-Casalengua
- Dep. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Avd. Complutense s/n, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Habraken WJEM, Wolke JGC, Mikos AG, Jansen JA. PLGA microsphere/calcium phosphate cement composites for tissue engineering: in vitro release and degradation characteristics. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 19:1171-88. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208785540136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. J. E. M. Habraken
- a Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. G. C. Wolke
- b Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. G. Mikos
- c Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. A. Jansen
- d Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Jain S, O'Hagan DT, Singh M. The long-term potential of biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as the next-generation vaccine adjuvant. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1731-42. [PMID: 22085176 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric microparticles of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) have been extensively evaluated for drug delivery and vaccine applications over the last three decades. Despite a wealth of studies on the use of PLG microparticles in vaccines through controlled release of antigens, there is no commercial PLG-based vaccine as yet. The key challenge that prevented the development of PLG microparticles as commercial vaccines was the instability of encapsulated antigen. Over the years, advancements were made towards maintaining antigen integrity during PLG microparticle preparation and sterilization. In parallel and independently, development of PLG microparticles as therapeutic commercial products established PLG with an excellent safety record in humans, and as a suitable candidate for next-generation vaccines. Through the combination of Toll-like receptor agonist encapsulation and surface adsorption of antigen, PLG microparticles can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to address unmet medical needs, such as vaccines against HIV, malaria and TB. With strategic development of PLG-based vaccines, PLG microparticles can offer advantages over the conventional vaccine adjuvants allowing commercial development of this adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Jain
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Mohanan D, Gander B, Kündig TM, Johansen P. Encapsulation of antigen in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres protects from harmful effects of γ-irradiation as assessed in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:274-81. [PMID: 22024408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, synthetic polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have been investigated for the development of nano- or microparticles as adjuvants or antigen vehicles. To enable transfer of this technology to human settings, the issue of sterilisation is of central importance. Since most polymers are heat-sensitive, sterilisation of polymeric microspheres for parenteral administration is assured either by costly and laborious aseptical preparation or the more preferred γ-irradiation. Many studies have investigated the effect of γ-irradiation on various physiochemical properties of the microspheres, but investigations on immunological effects are rare. We prepared poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA) and tested the effect of γ-irradiation on the various immunological properties in mice. For reference, OVA was γ-irradiated and tested equivalently. The ability of encapsulated or non-encapsulated OVA to trigger activation of dendritic cells (DCs) was not affected by irradiation. However, while γ-irradiation of free OVA strongly influenced the antigen presentation, encapsulated OVA was not affected by irradiation. γ-Irradiation of OVA also reduced the immunogenicity in mice with regard to OVA-specific IgG1 production. In contrast, the antibody and the T-cell responses in mice immunised with PLGA-encapsulated OVA were similar irrespective of the γ-irradiation status. Hence, encapsulation of antigen into PLGA microspheres protects antigen from the potential detrimental effect of γ-irradiation leading to inactivation or altered immunogenicity. Sterilisation by γ-irradiation therefore enables a cost-effective production of PLGA-based antigen-delivery systems as compared to the more laborious and expensive aseptical production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mohanan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jain S, Malyala P, Pallaoro M, Giuliani M, Petersen H, O'hagan DT, Singh M. A Two-Stage Strategy for Sterilization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Particles by γ-Irradiation Does Not Impair Their Potency for Vaccine Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:646-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Scharnagl N, Lee S, Hiebl B, Sisson A, Lendlein A. Design principles for polymers as substratum for adherent cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Hamishehkar H, Emami J, Najafabadi AR, Gilani K, Minaiyan M, Mahdavi H, Nokhodchi A. The effect of formulation variables on the characteristics of insulin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres prepared by a single phase oil in oil solvent evaporation method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:340-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Design and influence of γ-irradiation on the biopharmaceutical properties of nanoparticles containing an antigenic complex from Brucella ovis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:563-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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van der Walle CF, Sharma G, Ravi Kumar MNV. Current approaches to stabilising and analysing proteins during microencapsulation in PLGA. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:177-86. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240802680169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Effects of ionizing radiation sterilization on microparticulate drug delivery systems based on poly-α-hydroxyacids: an overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Phanapavudhikul P, Shen S, Ng WK, Tan RBH. Formulation of Fe3O4/Acrylate Co-Polymer Nanocomposites as Potential Drug Carriers. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:177-83. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540801952597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Martinez M, Rathbone M, Burgess D, Huynh M. In vitro and in vivo considerations associated with parenteral sustained release products: A review based upon information presented and points expressed at the 2007 Controlled Release Society Annual Meeting. J Control Release 2008; 129:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ražem D, Katušin-Ražem B. The effects of irradiation on controlled drug delivery/controlled drug release systems. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yakacki CM, Lyons MB, Rech B, Gall K, Shandas R. Cytotoxicity and thermomechanical behavior of biomedical shape-memory polymer networks post-sterilization. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:015010. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/1/015010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Hatton J, Kryscio R, Ryan M, Ott L, Young B. Systemic metabolic effects of combined insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone therapy in patients who have sustained acute traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2007; 105:843-52. [PMID: 17405254 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2006.105.6.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Hypermetabolism, hypercatabolism, refractory nitrogen wasting, hyperglycemia, and immunosuppression accompany traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pituitary dysfunction occurs, affecting growth hormone (GH) and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations. The authors evaluated whether combination IGF-I/GH therapy improved metabolic and nutritional parameters after moderate to severe TBI. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing combination IGF-I/GH therapy and a placebo treatment. Ninety-seven patients with TBI were enrolled in the study within 72 hours of injury and were assigned to receive either combination IGF-I/GH therapy or placebo. All patients received concomitant nutritional support. Insulin-like growth factor-I was administered by continuous intravenous infusion (0.01 mg/kg/hr), and GH (0.05 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously. Placebo control group patients received normal saline solution in place of both agents. Nutritional and metabolic monitoring continued throughout the 14-day treatment period. The two groups did not differ in energy expenditure, nutrient intake, or use of insulin treatment. The mean daily serum glucose concentration was higher in the treatment group (123 +/- 24 mg/dl) than in the control group (104 +/- 11 mg/dl) (p < 0.03). A positive nitrogen balance was achieved within the first 24 hours in the treatment group and remained positive in that group throughout the treatment period (p < 0.05). This pattern was not observed in the control group. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were above 350 ng/ml in the treatment group throughout the study period. Overall, the mean plasma IGF-I concentrations were 1003 +/- 480.6 ng/ml in the treatment group and 192 +/- 46.2 ng/ml in the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The combination of IGF-I and GH produced sustained improvement in metabolic and nutritional endpoints after moderate to severe acute TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmi Hatton
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Public Health, and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA.
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Williams HE, Huxley J, Claybourn M, Booth J, Hobbs M, Meehan E, Clark B. The effect of γ-irradiation and polymer composition on the stability of PLG polymer and microspheres. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Moioli EK, Hong L, Guardado J, Clark PA, Mao JJ. Sustained release of TGFbeta3 from PLGA microspheres and its effect on early osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:537-46. [PMID: 16579687 PMCID: PMC4035024 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread role of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGFbeta3) in wound healing and tissue regeneration, its long-term controlled release has not been demonstrated. Here, we report microencapsulation of TGFbeta3 in poly-d-l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres and determine its bioactivity. The release profiles of PLGA-encapsulated TGFbeta3 with 50:50 and 75:25 PLA:PGA ratios differed throughout the experimental period. To compare sterilization modalities of microspheres, bFGF was encapsulated in 50:50 PLGA microspheres and subjected to ethylene oxide (EO) gas, radio-frequency glow discharge (RFGD), or ultraviolet (UV) light. The release of bFGF was significantly attenuated by UV light, but not significantly altered by either EO or RFGD. To verify its bioactivity, TGFbeta3 (1.35 ng/mL) was control-released to the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) under induced osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase staining intensity was markedly reduced 1 week after exposing hMSC-derived osteogenic cells to TGFbeta3. This was confirmed by lower alkaline phosphatase activity (2.25 +/- 0.57 mU/mL/ng DNA) than controls (TGFbeta3- free) at 5.8 +/- 0.9 mU/mL/ng DNA (p < 0.05). Control-released TGFbeta3 bioactivity was further confirmed by lack of significant differences in alkaline phosphatase upon direct addition of 1.35 ng/mL TGFbeta3 to cell culture (p > 0.05). These findings provide baseline data for potential uses of microencapsulated TGFbeta3 in wound healing and tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo K Moioli
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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