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Lindert J, Kawachi I, Knobler HY, Abramowitz MZ, Galea S, Roberts B, Mollica R, McKee M. The long-term health consequences of genocide: developing GESQUQ - a genocide studies checklist. Confl Health 2019; 13:14. [PMID: 31011364 PMCID: PMC6460659 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-019-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genocide is an atrocity that seeks to destroy whole populations, leaving empty countries, empty spaces and empty memories, but also a large health burden among survivors is enormous. We propose a genocide reporting checklist to encourage consistent high quality in studies designed to provide robust and reliable data on the long term impact of genocide. Methods An interdisciplinary (Public Health, epidemiology, psychiatry, medicine, sociology, genocide studies) and international working committee of experts from Germany, Israel, the United States, and the United Kingdom used an iterative consensus process to develop a genocide studies checklist for studies of the long term health consequences. Results We created a list of eight domains (A Ethical approval, B External validity, C Misclassification, D Study design, E Confounder, F Data collection, G Withdrawal) with 1–3 specific items (total 17). Conclusion The genocide studies checklist is easy to use for authors, journal editors, peer reviewers, and others involved in documenting the health consequences of genocide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13031-019-0198-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Lindert
- 1Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723 Emden, Germany.,2Women's Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- 3Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Moshe Z Abramowitz
- 1Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723 Emden, Germany.,2Women's Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts USA.,3Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,5Dean's Office, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,6Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- 5Dean's Office, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Bayard Roberts
- 6Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Mollica
- Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Martin McKee
- 6Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Eytan A, Ngirababyeyi A, Nkubili C, Mahoro PN. Forensic psychiatry in Rwanda. Glob Health Action 2018; 11:1509933. [PMID: 30156144 PMCID: PMC6116697 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1509933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Forensic psychiatry has often been neglected in nonwestern countries, including the African continent. Our aim was to assess the practices and needs for improvement in the field of forensic psychiatry in Rwanda. During a one-week visit conducted in October 2017, we interviewed key-informants working at decisional levels in the domains of health, justice and security. Two clinical workshops involving psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses were held in psychiatric facilities, including at Ndera, the main psychiatric hospital of the country. Three axes of development and improvement were identified: First there is a need for a clearer, more coherent and updated legislative framework. Second, the absence of a forensic secured unit, which compromises both quality of care for forensic patients and security of the other patients and staff, should be remediated. Third, the supervision and training in this specialized domain should be provided through international collaborations. Hopefully, Rwanda could become in the next few years a driving force for other African countries in the field of forensic psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Eytan
- Medical Direction, Belle-Idée, Geneva University Hospitals, Thônex, Switzerland
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