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Zhang Y, Liu L, Yue L, Huang Y, Wang B, Liu P. Uncovering key mechanisms and intervention therapies in aging skin. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 79:66-80. [PMID: 39198086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in understanding skin aging mechanisms, which encompass both external and internal aging processes, have spurred the development of innovative treatments primarily aimed at improving cosmetic appearance. These findings offer the potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving long-term, non-therapy-dependent clinical benefits, including the reversal of aging and the mitigation of associated health conditions. Realizing this goal requires further research to establish the safety and efficacy of targeting aging-related skin changes, such as pigmentation, wrinkling, and collagen loss. Systematic investigation is needed to identify the most effective interventions and determine optimal anti-aging treatment strategies. These reviews highlight the features and possible mechanisms of skin aging, as well as the latest progress and future direction of skin aging research, to provide a theoretical basis for new practical anti-skin aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, PR China
| | - Lixia Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Kls N, Ramar K. Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Grape Seed Extract and Marine Collagen Peptide on the Fibroblast Cell Line: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61605. [PMID: 38962594 PMCID: PMC11221825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Collagen plays a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of dentin, and its modification with bioactive compounds can enhance its mechanical properties and bonding capabilities. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and marine collagen peptide (MCP) on dental pulp-derived primary cells. Methodology Human dental pulp stem cells were isolated, cultivated, and then treated with GSE and marine collagen peptides. DNA fragmentation was assessed using DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The results showed that GSE exhibited a minimum level of cell death compared to marine collagen peptides. The viable cell count increased steadily over three days in all groups, with the control group showing the highest number of viable cells. The differences in viable cell count among the groups were statistically significant. Conclusion This study suggests that GSE and marine collagen peptides are highly biocompatible with dental pulp cells and could be considered for further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshkumar Kls
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Kavitha Ramar
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
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Jamal H, Yaghmoor R, Abed H, Young A, Ashley P. Impact of Dentine Pretreatment with Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on Bond Strength of Coronal Composite Restorations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of In Vitro Studies. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:974-999. [PMID: 36400108 PMCID: PMC10756735 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes participate in collagen matrix degradation, including in dentine, potentially compromising bond strength. Therefore, MMP inhibitors have been hypothesized to improve restoration bond strength and stability. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the influence of different MMP inhibitors applied as dentine surface pretreatments on the immediate (24 hours) and longer term (months) bond strength of direct coronal composite restorations. This systematic literature review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic literature search of three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Google Scholar) was conducted independently by two reviewers from inception to April 2022. An adapted quality assessment tool was independently applied by two reviewers for risk of bias assessment. RevMan v5.4 software was used for meta-analyses. A randomeffectsmodel was used to generatemean differences with 95% confidence intervals for treatment and control comparisons. The Q-test and I2-test were used to test for heterogeneity. The proportion of total variance across studies attributable to heterogeneity rather than chance was calculated. Overall effects were tested using the Z-test, while subgroup differences were tested using Chi-squared tests. Of 934 studies, 64 studies were included in the systematic review and 42 in the meta-analysis. Thirty-one MMP inhibitors were reported, three of which were included in the meta-analysis: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.3M carbodiimide (EDC), and 0.1% riboflavin (RIBO). Pretreatment with 2% CHX for 30 and 60 seconds did not significantly improve bond strength compared with controls either immediately or after long-termageing. However, pretreatment with 0.3MEDC and 0.1% RIBO (but not CHX) significantly improved bond strength compared with control groups both immediately and over time. Most studies showed a medium risk of bias. These in vitro findings pave the way for rationale clinical trialing of dentine surface pretreatment with MMP inhibitors to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Jamal
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rayan Yaghmoor
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Abed
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Young
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ashley
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Danevitch N, Frankenberger R, Lücker S, Gärtner U, Krämer N. Dentin Bonding Performance of Universal Adhesives in Primary Teeth In Vitro. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5948. [PMID: 37687643 PMCID: PMC10488408 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (µ-TBS) of universal adhesives to primary tooth dentin after different storage periods. (2) Methods: Dentin of 100 extracted primary molars was exposed. Dentin surfaces were bonded with six universal adhesives (Adhese®Universal [AU], All-Bond Universal® [ABU], G-Premio Bond [GPB], iBond®Universal [IBU], Prime&Bond active™ [PBa], and Prime&Bond®NT as control [PBN]) and restored with a resin composite build-up (Filtek™ Z250). After 24 h, 6 months, and 12 months of water storage, specimens were cut into sticks, and µ-TBS was measured and analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) for normal distributions and the Mann-Whitney U-test (p < 0.05) for non-normal distribution. Pretesting failures were recorded as 0 MPa. Fracture modes were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope; interfaces were visualized with SEM/TEM. (3) Results: Compared with the reference group (PBN: 32.5/31.2 MPa after 6/12 months), two adhesives showed a significantly higher bond strength after 6 months (AU: 44.1 MPa, ABU: 40.9 MPa; p < 0.05) and one adhesive after 12 months (AU: 42.9 MPa, p < 0.05). GPB revealed significantly lower bond strengths in all storage groups (16.9/15.5/10.9 MPa after 24 h/6 months/12 months; p < 0.05). AU and IBU did not suffer pre-test-failures [PTF]. (4) Conclusions: After 12 months, PBN, IBU, AU, and GPB showed significantly lower results compared ithw initial µ-TBS, whereas AU revealed the highest µ-TBS and no PTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Danevitch
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lücker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Krämer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Sakurai I, Mayanagi G, Yamada S, Takahashi N. In situ detection of endogenous proteolytic activity and the effect of inhibitors on tooth root surface. J Dent 2023; 131:104471. [PMID: 36828151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution and activity of proteolytic enzymes and examine the inhibitory effects of various substances on this proteolytic activity on tooth root surfaces in situ. METHODS Disk-shaped bovine tooth root samples were partly pretreated in acid solution (50 mM lactic acid buffer, pH 4.0) for 48 h. The fluorescence intensity of samples was detected with fluorescent substrate solution for collagenase and gelatinase using a stereoscopic fluorescence microscope for 60 min. The acid-pretreated and non-acid-pretreated root samples were treated with chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium fluoride (NaF), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) for 10 min, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for 10, 30, and 60 s. These samples were immersed in the fluorescence substrate solution at pH 7.0, and the fluorescence intensity of samples was detected. The fluorescence intensity was calculated using analysis software. RESULTS Gelatinase activity was detected in root samples. Gelatinase activity of the acid-pretreated side was significantly higher than that of the non-acid-pretreated side (1.63 times) at 60 min. CHX, EGCG, Ca(OH)2, and SDF decreased the gelatinase activity of root samples, while NaF had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Gelatinase activity was detected from the root in situ and it was increased by acid-pretreatment. CHX, EGCG, Ca(OH)2, and SDF inhibited gelatinase activity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Substances that inhibit proteolytic activity found in this research method will be useful for root caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Sakurai
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan; Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Gen Mayanagi
- Division for Advanced Education Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Wang R, Stanley T, Yao X, Liu H, Wang Y. Collagen stabilization by natural cross-linkers: A qualitative and quantitative FTIR study on ultra-thin dentin collagen model. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:440-450. [PMID: 35249902 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its low tolerance to external factors such as enzymes, dentin collagen often requires stabilization, which can be achieved through cross-linking. In this study, qualitative and quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were used to assess dentin collagen stabilization effects of three structurally-different flavonoids -A-type linkage proanthocyanidins (A-PA), B-type linkage proanthocyanidins (B-PA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), all from natural extracts. Particularly, transmission FTIR spectroscopy was used for the first time to quantitatively assess the biodegradation of fresh ultra-thin (10 µm) dentin collagen films caused by collagenase digestion. Two traditional analytical methods, namely the hydroxyproline assay and weight loss analysis, were also used for comparison purposes. The results from all three methods showed consistently that A-PA and B-PA provide better collagen stabilization than EGCG at concentrations of 0.65% and 1.3% (p<0.01). FTIR is demonstrated to be a valuable and reliable analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of ultra-thin collagen films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Tyler Stanley
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
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Yu F, Huo F, Li F, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. Aberrant NF-κB activation in odontoblasts orchestrates inflammatory matrix degradation and mineral resorption. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:6. [PMID: 35082271 PMCID: PMC8791990 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-associated proteinase functions are key determinants of inflammatory stromal tissues deconstruction. As a specialized inflammatory pathological process, dental internal resorption (IR) includes both soft and hard tissues deconstruction within the dentin-pulp complex, which has been one of the main reasons for inflammatory tooth loss. Mechanisms of inflammatory matrix degradation and tissue resorption in IR are largely unclear. In this study, we used a combination of Cre-loxP reporter, flow cytometry, cell transplantation, and enzyme activities assay to mechanistically investigate the role of regenerative cells, odontoblasts (ODs), in inflammatory mineral resorption and matrices degradation. We report that inflamed ODs have strong capabilities of matrix degradation and tissue resorption. Traditionally, ODs are regarded as hard-tissue regenerative cells; however, our data unexpectedly present ODs as a crucial population that participates in IR-associated tissue deconstruction. Specifically, we uncovered that nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB) signaling orchestrated Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) and Cathepsin K (Ctsk) functions in ODs to enhance matrix degradation and tissue resorption. Furthermore, TNF-α increases Rankl/Opg ratio in ODs via NF-κB signaling by impairing Opg expression but increasing Rankl level, which utterly makes ODs cell line 17IIA11 (A11) become Trap+ and Ctsk+ multinucleated cells to perform resorptive actions. Blocking of NF-κB signaling significantly rescues matrix degradation and resorptive functions of inflamed ODs via repressing vital inflammatory proteinases Mmps and Ctsk. Utterly, via utilizing NF-κB specific small molecule inhibitors we satisfactorily attenuated inflammatory ODs-associated human dental IR in vivo. Our data reveal the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory matrix degradation and resorption via proteinase activities in IR-related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengli Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Brodzikowska A, Gondek A, Rak B, Paskal W, Pełka K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Włodarski P. Metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and hsa-miR-410-3p expression in human inflamed dental pulp and odontoblasts. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:345-353. [PMID: 31486923 PMCID: PMC6842353 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate MMP-14 expression in odontoblasts and in the bulk of dental pulp of teeth with pulpitis; to determine the expression of microRNA-410 (miR-410) in pulp tissue, since sequence analysis suggests that miR-410 has potential binding site on MMP-14’s 3′UTR, and hence, can regulate expression of the latter one. Tissue samples of dental pulp from teeth with pulpitis and healthy (control) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). Samples were examined using immunohistochemical staining for MMP-14 and the expression of miR-410 was evaluated using qRT-PCR. In both, healthy and inflamed pulp odontoblasts stained more intensively than remaining pulp tissue, but this difference was not statistically significant. More positive staining was observed in inflamed pulps compared to healthy pulps. Expression of miR-410 was found significantly lower in inflamed pulps than in healthy ones. In the two examined zones, odontoblasts and remaining pulp, miR-410 was expressed on a similar level. No statistically significant correlation of miR-410 and MMP-14 expression was found. We showed that inflammation changes the MMP-14 expression in pulp tissue and odontoblasts. This study demonstrates for the first time miR-410 expression in human dental pulp and that expression of this microRNA was downregulated in inflamed dental pulp and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Brodzikowska
- The Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, 00-246, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Gondek
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Pełka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Stannous chloride and stannous fluoride are inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. J Dent 2018; 78:51-58. [PMID: 30081053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dentin and saliva can degrade collagen. Divalent metals are known inhibitors of MMPs, but stannous - such as in the form of stannous chloride (SnCl2) or stannous fluoride (SnF2) - is yet to be tested for a possible inhibitory effect. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect on the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. METHODS Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium fluoride (NaF), and chlorhexidine (CHX) were used as controls. Gelatin zymography was performed with recombinant human MMP-2 and MMP-9. SnCl2, SnF2, NaF, NaCl, and CHX were included either in the incubation buffer (M1) or added to the recombinant MMPs (M2) before the MMPs were analyzed using zymography. Furthermore, the effect of SnCl2, SnF2, and NaF on the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured in human dentin either before or after acid etching using 37%phosphoric acid. The effect of SnCl2, NaF, and CHX on the viability and of SnCl2 and NaF on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and L929 mouse fibroblasts was also determined. RESULTS For M1, inhibitory concentrations (w/v%) of SnCl2 0.5% and 0.5%, SnF2 0.25% and 0.12%, NaF 0.12% and 0.5%, CHX 0.012% and 0.05%, were observed for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. NaCl had no inhibitory effect. For M2, SnCl2 0.007% and 0.12%, and SnF2 0.03% and 0.5%, inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. NaF, NaCl and CHX had no effect. The enzymatic activity was slightly reduced when SnCl2 and NaF were applied on dentin before the acid attack. Regarding cell viability and proliferation of the cells after stimulation with the respective substances, NaF showed almost no effect, SnCl2 appeared to increase viability and proliferation of the cells, and CHX decreased the viability of cells. CONCLUSIONS Stannous ions caused a direct inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinases, whereas F- only had an inhibitory effect when added to the zymography buffer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of MMPs using SnCl2 and SnF2 could play an important role in the prevention of dental erosion and caries. However, the clinical relevance of these findings needs to be proven.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation in dental pulp. Here, we show the dynamic mechanisms of TGF-β in porcine dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin. The mRNA of latent TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 is predominantly expressed in odontoblasts, whereas the mRNA expression level of latent TGF-β2 is high in dental pulp. TGF-β1 is a major isoform of TGF-β, and latent TGF-β1, synthesized in dental pulp, is primarily activated by matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11). Activated TGF-β1 enhances the mRNA expression levels of MMP20 and full-length dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in dental pulp cells, coinciding with the induction of odontoblast differentiation. Latent TGF-β1 synthesized in odontoblasts is primarily activated by MMP2 and MMP20 in both odontoblasts and dentin. The activity level of TGF-β1 was reduced in the dentin of MMP20 null mice, although the amount of latent TGF-β1 expression did not change between wild-type and MMP20 null mice. TGF-β1 activity was reduced with the degradation of DSPP-derived proteins that occurs with ageing. We propose that to exert its multiple biological functions, TGF-β1 is involved in a complicated dynamic interaction with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or DSPP-derived proteins present in dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin.
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GARCIA LDFR, SANTOS ADD, MORAES JCS, COSTA CADS. Cytotoxic effects of new MTA-based cement formulations on fibroblast-like MDPL-20 cells. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100224. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Antiageing Mechanisms of a Standardized Supercritical CO 2 Preparation of Black Jack (Bidens pilosa L.) in Human Fibroblasts and Skin Fragments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:280529. [PMID: 25883669 PMCID: PMC4391488 DOI: 10.1155/2015/280529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of topical retinoids to treat skin disorders and ageing can induce local reactions, while oral retinoids are potent teratogens and produce several unwanted effects. This way, efforts to explore complementary care resources should be supported. Based on this, we evaluate the antiageing effects of a supercritical CO2 extract from Bidens pilosa L. (BPE-CO2A) containing a standardized multicomponent mixture of phytol, linolenic, palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids. BPE-CO2A was assessed for its effects on human dermal fibroblasts (TGF-β1 and FGF levels using ELISA; collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan by colorimetric assays, and mRNA expression of RXR, RAR, and EGFr by qRT-PCR) and human skin fragments (RAR, RXR, collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan by immunohistochemical analysis). Levels of extracellular matrix elements, TGF-β1 and FGF, and EGFr gene expression were significantly increased by BPE-CO2A. The modulation of RXR and RAR was positively demonstrated after the treatment with BPE-CO2A or phytol, a component of BPE-CO2A. The effects produced by BPE-CO2A were similar to or better than those produced by retinol and retinoic acid. The ability to stimulate extracellular matrix elements, increase growth factors, and modulate retinoid and rexinoid receptors provides a basis for the development of preparation containing BPE-CO2A as an antiageing/skin-repair agent.
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Mazzoni A, Tjäderhane L, Checchi V, Di Lenarda R, Salo T, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Role of dentin MMPs in caries progression and bond stability. J Dent Res 2014; 94:241-51. [PMID: 25535202 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514562833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin can be described as a biological composite with collagen matrix embedded with nanosized hydroxyapatite mineral crystallites. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins are families of endopeptidases. Enzymes of both families are present in dentin and collectively capable of degrading virtually all extracellular matrix components. This review describes these enzymes and their presence in dentin, mainly focusing on their role in dentin caries pathogenesis and loss of collagen in the adhesive hybrid layer under composite restorations. MMPs and cysteine cathepsins present in saliva, mineralized dentin, and/or dentinal fluid may affect the dentin caries process at the early phases of demineralization. Changes in collagen and noncollagenous protein structure may participate in observed decreases in mechanical properties of caries-affected dentin and reduce the ability of caries-affected dentin to remineralize. These endogenous enzymes also remain entrapped within the hybrid layer during the resin infiltration process, and the acidic bonding agents themselves (irrespective of whether they are etch-and-rinse or self-etch) can activate these endogenous protease proforms. Since resin impregnation is frequently incomplete, denuded collagen matrices associated with free water (which serves as a collagen cleavage reagent for these endogenous hydrolase enzymes) can be enzymatically disrupted, finally contributing to the degradation of the hybrid layer. There are multiple in vitro and in vivo reports showing that the longevity of the adhesive interface is increased when nonspecific enzyme-inhibiting strategies are used. Different chemicals (i.e., chlorhexidine, galardin, and benzalkonium chloride) or collagen cross-linker agents have been successfully employed as therapeutic primers in the bonding procedure. In addition, the incorporation of enzyme inhibitors (i.e., quaternary ammonium methacrylates) into the resin blends has been recently promoted. This review will describe MMP functions in caries and hybrid layer degradation and explore the potential therapeutic role of MMP inhibitors for the development of improved intervention strategies for MMP-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Checchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Di Lenarda
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - T Salo
- Institute of Dentistry, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - F R Tay
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D H Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Italy
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Cobanoglu N, Ozturk B, Sengun A, Cetın AR, Ozer F. Effect of accelerated aging on the bonding performance of fluoridated adhesive resins. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:92-7. [PMID: 24492118 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dentin bond durability of a one-step, fluoride-containing, glass ionomer-based adhesive system, Reactmer Bond (RB), and that of a two-step, fluoride-containing, self-etch adhesive system, Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB). Enamel was removed from the occlusal surfaces of teeth, and flat dentin surfaces were entirely covered with a composite resin following the application of an adhesive material (n=10). After specimens were sectioned into rectangular sticks of 0.87 ± 0.03 mm(2), the sticks were randomly assigned into two accelerated aging time period groups: 1 week or 1 year. Microtensile bond strengths were determined. Bond strength of RB increased significantly after 1 year (1 week=27.80 ± 10.57 MPa versus 1 year=36.93 ± 14.38 MPa) (p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in bond strength between the two time periods for CPB (1 week=51.74 ± 17.8 MPa versus 1 year=56.03 ± 18.85 MPa) (p>0.05). Both fluoride-containing adhesives seemed to demonstrate reliable bonding performance after 1 year of accelerated aging in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Cobanoglu
- Depertmant of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University
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15
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Lee YY, Li YC, Hung SL, Chen YC, Lee YH, Yang SF. Mineral trioxide aggregate induces the release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by human neutrophils. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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MMP-13 expression in coronal and radicular dentin according to caries progression -a pilot study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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The inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidin on soluble and collagen-bound proteases. J Dent 2013; 41:832-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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18
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Recruitment of dental pulp cells by dentine and pulp extracellular matrix components. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Optimizing dentin bond durability: control of collagen degradation by matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine cathepsins. Dent Mater 2012; 29:116-35. [PMID: 22901826 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Contemporary adhesives lose their bond strength to dentin regardless of the bonding system used. This loss relates to the hydrolysis of collagen matrix of the hybrid layers. The preservation of the collagen matrix integrity is a key issue in the attempts to improve the dentin bonding durability. METHODS Dentin contains collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins, which are responsible for the hydrolytic degradation of collagen matrix in the bonded interface. RESULTS The identities, roles and function of collagenolytic enzymes in mineralized dentin has been gathered only within last 15 years, but they have already been demonstrated to have an important role in dental hard tissue pathologies, including the degradation of the hybrid layer. Identifying responsible enzymes facilitates the development of new, more efficient methods to improve the stability of dentin-adhesive bond and durability of bond strength. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the nature and role of proteolytic degradation of dentin-adhesive interfaces has improved immensely and has practically grown to a scientific field of its own within only 10 years, holding excellent promise that stable resin-dentin bonds will be routinely available in a daily clinical setting already in a near future.
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Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Carrilho M, Nascimento FD, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Gobbi P, Manzoli L, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L. A review of the nature, role, and function of dentin non-collagenous proteins. Part II: enzymes, serum proteins, and growth factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Tjäderhane L, Haapasalo M. The dentin-pulp border: a dynamic interface between hard and soft tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Almahdy A, Koller G, Sauro S, Bartsch JW, Sherriff M, Watson TF, Banerjee A. Effects of MMP inhibitors incorporated within dental adhesives. J Dent Res 2012; 91:605-11. [PMID: 22518030 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512446339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition has been shown to reduce adhesive bond degradation when applied as a pre-conditioner, adding to clinical steps in the placement of adhesives, but their incorporation within dental adhesives has not been fully explored. This study examined the effect of including 2 MMP inhibitors (BB94 and GM6001) within the primers of 3 commercially available adhesives. Fluorometric assay and zymography showed that adhesives with MMP inhibitors had high affinity toward both synthetic fluorogenic FRET peptides (95%) and dentin powder substrates, respectively. The immediate microtensile bond strength was enhanced for 2 types of adhesives following the addition of both inhibitors. However, no changes were detected between the control and the inhibitor groups following 3-month storage. The modified two-step etch-and-rinse and single-step systems showed less Rhodamine B penetration to the "hybrid layer" and to the "adhesive", respectively. The incorporation of BB94 and GM6001 within the primers resulted in the inhibition of dentin MMPs with improved initial bond strength and enhanced sealing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almahdy
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics & Biophotonics Research Group, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK
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Lee JH, Chang J, Son HH. Effects of matrix metallproteinases on dentin bonding and strategies to increase durability of dentin adhesion. Restor Dent Endod 2012. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhea Chang
- Clinic for Persons with Disabilities, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Son
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Mazzoni A, Papa V, Nato F, Carrilho M, Tjäderhane L, Ruggeri A, Gobbi P, Mazzotti G, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Immunohistochemical and biochemical assay of MMP-3 in human dentine. J Dent 2011; 39:231-7. [PMID: 21215789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The function of endogenous MMP-3 and its distribution within the human dentine is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assay the presence and distribution of MMP-3 within human sound dentine by means of biochemical and immunohistochemical assays. METHODS Powdered dentine from extracted human teeth was prepared and (1) partially demineralised with 1% H(3)PO(4) for 10min or (2) untreated (control). The presence of MMP-3 was measured using a colorimetric assay system (QuantiSir™, Epigentek, USA). Additional cryo-fractured dentine fragments were processed for immunohistochemical identification of MMP-3 under FEI-SEM. Casein-zymography was used to investigate MMP-3 activity. RESULTS MMP-3 detected level was 2.732ng/μL in partially demineralised dentine powder, whilst it increased to 3.280ng/μL in mineralised dentine. The FEI-SEM analysis revealed positive immunolabelling patterns for MMP-3, predominantly localized on the intertubular collagen fibrillar network showing MMP-3 directly or indirectly bound to the collagen fibrils. Casein-zymograms showed positive proteolytic activity for MMP-3 in demineralised dentine powder. CONCLUSION The results of the study clearly revealed the presence and distribution of MMP3 in human sound dentine. Whilst the presence was verified, its role is still unclear. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible involvement of MMP-3 in physiological and pathological condition of the dentine-pulp complex.
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25
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Bruno KF, Silva JA, Silva TA, Batista AC, Alencar AHG, Estrela C. Characterization of inflammatory cell infiltrate in human dental pulpitis. Int Endod J 2010; 43:1013-21. [PMID: 20726912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the microscopic characteristics and densities (per mm(2) ) of tryptase(+) mast cells, CD4(+) T helper lymphocytes, CD45RO(+) memory T lymphocytes, foxp3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes, CD20(+) B lymphocytes, CD68(+) macrophages, and CD31(+) blood vessels in human dental pulpitis (n=38) and healthy pulpal tissue (n=6). METHODOLOGY The pulps of 38 human teeth with a clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis were removed by pulpectomy. The pulp tissue was immersed in 10% buffered formalin for evaluation using light microscopy. Tryptase, CD4, CD45RO, foxp3, CD20, CD68, and CD31 expressions were analysed using immunohistochemistry; other microscopic features, such as intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen deposition, were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin stain. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at α=5%. RESULTS Two microscopic patterns of pulpitis were found: group 1 (G1) (n=15) had an intense inflammatory infiltrate and mild collagen deposition; conversely, group 2 (G2) (n=23) had a scarce inflammatory infiltrate and intense collagen deposition. The numbers of CD68(+) macrophages (P=0.004) and CD20(+) B (P=0.068) lymphocytes and the density of blood vessels (P=0.002) were higher in G1 than in G2. However, a similar number of CD4(+) and CD45RO(+) T lymphocytes was found in both groups (P>0.05). When present, tryptase(+) mast cells were equally distributed in G1 and G2, whereas foxp3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes were detected in 59% and 14% of the samples of G1 and G2. Controls exhibited lower numbers of foxp3, tryptase, CD4, CD45RO, CD68 and CD20 positive cells than G1 and G2. CONCLUSIONS Irreversible pulpitis had distinct microscopic features with important quantitative and qualitative differences in inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Bruno
- Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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26
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Shimada Y, Ichinose S, Sadr A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Localization of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs-2, 8, 9 and 20) in normal and carious dentine. Aust Dent J 2010; 54:347-54. [PMID: 20415934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may participate in the destruction of dentine following demineralization by bacterial acids. This study investigated the localization of MMPs in carious dentine. METHODS Frozen sections of dentine caries were prepared without demineralization and immersed in monoclonal antibody against MMP-2, -8, -9 and -20. The sections were labelled by IgG conjugated with gold colloidal particles, and observed under FE-SEM. Labelling indexes (number of gold particles/mum(2)) of outer and inner carious dentine, respectively, with and without bacterial infection, were compared with that of normal dentine. RESULTS MMP-2 was distributed in both carious and normal dentine; the level of MMP-2 showed no significant difference among the outer caries, inner caries, and normal dentine. The labelling indexes of MMP-8 and MMP-9 both significantly decreased at the inner carious dentine compared with the level of normal dentine, but intensified again at the outer caries region. The labelling index of MMP-20 was the highest at normal dentine. CONCLUSIONS The localization of MMPs was visibly detected using immunogold labelling. The localization of MMP-2 showed no significant difference among the three regions, while MMP-8 and MMP-9 showed significant reduction at the inner caries layer, and MMP-20 reduced toward the outer caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Breschi L, Martin P, Mazzoni A, Nato F, Carrilho M, Tjäderhane L, Visintini E, Cadenaro M, Tay FR, De Stefano Dorigo E, Pashley DH. Use of a specific MMP-inhibitor (galardin) for preservation of hybrid layer. Dent Mater 2010; 26:571-8. [PMID: 20299089 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dentinal MMPs have been claimed to contribute to the auto-degradation of collagen fibrils within incompletely resin-infiltrated hybrid layers and their inhibition may, therefore, slow the degradation of hybrid layer. This study aimed to determine the contribution of a synthetic MMPs inhibitor (galardin) to the proteolytic activity of dentinal MMPs and to the morphological and mechanical features of hybrid layers after aging. METHODS Dentin powder obtained from human molars was treated with galardin or chlorhexidine digluconate and zymographically analyzed. Microtensile bond strength was also evaluated in extracted human teeth. Exposed dentin was etched with 35% phosphoric acid and specimens were assigned to (1) pre-treatment with galardin as additional primer for 30s and (2) no pre-treatment. A two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Scotchbond 1XT, 3M ESPE) was then applied in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and resin composite build-ups were created. Specimens were immediately tested for their microtensile bond strength or stored in artificial saliva for 12 months prior to being tested. Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (alpha=0.05). Additional specimens were prepared for interfacial nanoleakage analysis under light microscopy and TEM, quantified by two independent observers and statistically analyzed (chi(2) test, alpha=0.05). RESULTS The inhibitory effect of galardin on dentinal MMPs was confirmed by zymographic analysis, as complete inhibition of both MMP-2 and -9 was observed. The use of galardin had no effect on immediate bond strength, while it significantly decreased bond degradation after 1 year (p<0.05). Interfacial nanoleakage expression after aging revealed reduced silver deposits in galardin-treated specimens compared to controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that the proteolytic activity of dentinal MMPs was inhibited by the use of galardin in a therapeutic primer. Galardin also partially preserved the mechanical integrity of the hybrid layer created by a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive after artificial aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Mazzoni A, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Gobbi P, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Carrilho M, Tjäderhane L, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L. Immunohistochemical identification of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in human dentin: Correlative FEI‐SEM/TEM analysis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 88:697-703. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department of SAU and FAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David H. Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912‐1129
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912‐1129
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Institute of Morphological Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marcela Carrilho
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912‐1129
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Area, University of Campinas, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- IGM‐CNR, Unit of Bologna c/o IOR, Bologna, Italy
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Mazzoni A, Mannello F, Tay FR, Tonti GAM, Papa S, Mazzotti G, Di Lenarda R, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Zymographic analysis and characterization of MMP-2 and -9 forms in human sound dentin. J Dent Res 2007; 86:436-40. [PMID: 17452564 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and function of dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are not well-understood, but they may play a key role in dentinal caries and the degradation of resin-bonded dentin matrices. To test the null hypothesis that MMP-9 is not found in dentin matrix, we used gelatin zymography to extract and isolate all molecular forms of gelatinolytic MMPs in demineralized mature sound dentin powder obtained from extracted human molars, characterizing and identifying the enzymes by Western blotting. Gelatinolytic MMPs were detected in extracts of demineralized dentin matrix and identified as MMP-2 and MMP-9. Acidic extracts (pH 2.3) yielded 3-8 times more MMP activity than did EDTA (pH 7.4). Their activation may contribute to dentin matrix degradation, which occurs during caries progression and following resin bonding. Inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 proteolytic activity may slow caries progression and increase the durability of resin-dentin bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzoni
- Department of SAU & FAL, University of Bologna, Italy
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31
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Hahn CL, Liewehr FR. Innate Immune Responses of the Dental Pulp to Caries. J Endod 2007; 33:643-51. [PMID: 17509400 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various cells and inflammatory mediators are involved in the initial pulpal responses to caries. This review focuses on the cellular, neuronal, and vascular components of pulpal innate responses to caries. Discussion will include dentinal fluid, odontoblasts, neuropeptides, and neurogenic inflammation, which are not classic immune components but actively participate in the inflammatory response as the caries progress pulpally. Summaries of innate immune cells as well as their cytokines and chemokines in healthy and reversible pulpitis tissues are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lo Hahn
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 520 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 3298-0566, USA
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Hannas AR, Pereira JC, Granjeiro JM, Tjäderhane L. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the oral environment. Acta Odontol Scand 2007; 65:1-13. [PMID: 17354089 DOI: 10.1080/00016350600963640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses specifically on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their role in physiological and pathological extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation processes in the oral environment. A group of enzymes capable of degrading almost all ECM proteins, MMPs contribute to both normal and pathological tissue remodeling. The expression of different MMPs may be upregulated in pathological conditions such as inflammation and tumor invasion. The balance between activated MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) controls the extent of ECM remodeling. Prior to mineralization, MMPs may participate in the organization of enamel and dentin organic matrix, or they may regulate mineralization by controlling the proteoglycan turnover. There is evidence indicating that MMPs could be involved in the etiology of enamel fluorosis and amelogenesis imperfecta. They seem to play a part in dentinal caries progression, since they have a crucial role in dentin collagen breakdown in caries lesions. MMPs have been identified in pulpal and periapical inflammation and are strongly correlated with periodontal diseases, since they are the major players in collagen breakdown during periodontal tissue destruction. The use of MMP inhibitors could help the prevention and treatment of many MMP-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica R Hannas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, Brazil
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that in concert are responsible for the degradation of most extracellular matrix proteins during organogenesis, growth and normal tissue turnover. The expression and activity of MMPs in adult tissues is normally quite low, but increases significantly in various pathological conditions that may lead into unwanted tissue destruction, such as inflammatory diseases, tumour growth and metastasis. MMPs have a marked role also in tissue destructive oral diseases. The role of collagenases, especially MMP-8, in periodontitis and peri-implantitis is the best-known example of the unwanted tissue destruction related to increased presence and activity of MMPs at the site of disease, but evidence has been brought forward to indicate that MMPs may be involved also in other oral diseases, such as dental caries and oral cancer. This brief review describes some of the history, the current status and the future aspects of the work mainly of our research groups looking at the presence and activity of various MMPs in different oral diseases, as well as some of the MMP-related aspects that may facilitate the development of new means of diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sorsa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Waddington RJ, Moseley R, Smith AJ, Sloan AJ, Embery G. Fluoride-induced changes to proteoglycan structure synthesised within the dentine–pulp complex in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2004; 1689:142-51. [PMID: 15196595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Revised: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is known to influence mineralisation patterns within dentine, where alterations in the post-translational modification of proteoglycans (PG) have been proposed as an implicating factor. In light of recent studies elucidating changing PG profiles in the transition of predentine to mineralised dentine, this study investigates the influence of fluoride on the major PG populations (decorin, biglycan and versican) within the pulp, predentine and dentine. Tooth sections from rat incisors were cultured for 14 days in the presence 0, 1 and 6 mM sodium fluoride and the PG extracted from the pulp, predentine and dentine matrices. PG species and corresponding metabolites were identified by their immuno-reactivity to antibodies against decorin, biglycan and versican. Component glycosaminoglycan chains were characterised with respect to their nature, chain length and disaccharide composition. Levels of PG extracted from pulp and predentine were reduced, particularly for biglycan. Fluoride did not influence levels of decorin or versican within predentine or dentine, although the processing of these macromolecules within pulp and predentine was affected, particularly at higher fluoride concentrations. Levels of dermatan sulfate were reduced within pulp and predentine, although the effect was less pronounced for predentine. Fluoride reduced sulfation of glycosaminoglycan chains within pulp and predentine tissues, with a notable reduction in Deltadi6S evident. In all three tissues, glycosaminoglycan chain length was reduced. Considering the various roles for PG in the dentine-pulp complex, either directly or indirectly in the mineralisation process, changes in the synthesis, structure and processing of the different PG species within the pulp, predentine and dentine matrices provides a further molecular explanation for the altered mineralisation patterns witnessed during fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Waddington
- Matrix Biology and Tissue Repair Research Unit, Department of Dental Health and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
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Palosaari H, Pennington CJ, Larmas M, Edwards DR, Tjäderhane L, Salo T. Expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs in mature human odontoblasts and pulp tissue. Eur J Oral Sci 2003; 111:117-27. [PMID: 12648263 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2003.00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that (at least) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -8, -9, -14 and -20 are expressed by human odontoblasts. Here, we analysed the expression of 19 MMPs and their specific tissue inhibitors (TIMP)-1, -2 and -3) -1, -2 and -3 in mature human odontoblasts and pulp tissue. Since MMP-20 is almost exclusively expressed by the dentin-pulp complex cells, we further analysed the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs)-2 on its expression. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 served as a positive control for growth factor responsiveness. It was found that MMP-1, -2, -9, -10, -11, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -19, -20 and -23, in addition to TIMP-1, -2 and -3 were expressed by both odontoblasts and pulp tissue. Neither MMP-3 nor MMP-12 were expressed in odontoblasts or pulp tissue, and MMP-7, -8, -24 and -25 were expressed only in the odontoblasts; MMP-2, -10, -11, -14 and -20 were expressed more abundantly by odontoblasts, whereas pulp tissue expressed more MMP-13 and MMP-17. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (1 ng ml(-1)) and BMP-2 (100 ng ml(-1)) did not markedly affect MMP-20 mRNA expression. In contrast, TGF-beta1 alone and with BMP-2 significantly upregulated MMP-9 mRNA by 2.4-fold and by 2.6-fold, respectively, in odontoblasts, while in pulp tissue no effects could be detected. The wide-scale expression of MMPs and TIMPs by mature human odontoblasts and pulp tissue suggests that they may participate in dentin matrix organization prior to mineralization, and that growth factors may further control dentin matrix modeling by differentially regulating individual MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larmas
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and University Hospital of Oulu, Yliopisto PO Box 5281, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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Wahlgren J, Salo T, Teronen O, Luoto H, Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in pulpal and periapical inflammation and periapical root-canal exudates. Int Endod J 2002; 35:897-904. [PMID: 12453017 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the presence, levels and molecular forms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 (collage-nase-2) in pulpal and periapical inflammation, and the changes in MMP-8 levels in root-canal exudates during root-canal treatment. METHODOLOGY Periapical exudate samples were collected from 11 necrotic teeth with radiographically verified periapical periodontitis during three root-canal treatment visits with interappointment calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) medication. MMP-8 levels and molecular forms were analyzed with immunofluorescent assay (IFMA) and Western immunoblot. Inflamed pulp tissue and periapical granuloma tissue (n = 10 for both) were obtained from other patients and used for MMP-8 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS The periapical exudate samples demonstrated marked differences in MMP-8 levels between the teeth in the first visit and significant decrease in MMP-8 levels during the root-canal treatment (P = 0.0107). One specimen failed to show a decrease in MMP-8 below 1000 ng mL(-1) a vertical root fracture was later diagnosed and the tooth extracted. IHC staining showed that in addition to PMN-leucocytes, macrophages and plasma cells produced MMP-8 in pulp and periapical granulomas. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the presence of MMP-8 in the inflamed pulp and periapical tissue, indicating that MMP-8 has a role in pulpal and periapical inflammation, most likely participating in tissue extracellular matrix degradation. They further indicate that MMP analysis from periapical exudate could be used to indicate and monitor inflammatory activity and the success of treatment in teeth with periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wahlgren
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicum, Oral Pathology Unit/Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Microbes are responsible for the initiation and maintaining of carious processes. They have an efficient machinery for dissolving crystalline hydroxyapatite. When initiating carious processes, microbial acid formation determines the rate of the process in enamel. When the process reaches dentin, the micro-environment changes. Dential fluid in dentin tubules is the liquid where dissolving products of apatites are destroyed. Inorganic composition of dentinal fluid, however, is not altered much during the carious process, indicating that a functional secretory domain is working to pump the dissolved calcium and phosphate ions out of the fluid. Activation of odontoblast alkaline phosphatase and dentin latent collagenases is the known cellular event during the carious process in dentin. Because the caries lesion is by definition undermining, this suggests that, in this degradation process, the extracellular compartment, crystalline hydroxyapatite is dissolved by microbial acids, and a mixture of proteinases degrades the organic matrix. The degradation products of collagen and other matrix components in dentinal fluid must be transported either through the caries lesion in the enamel to saliva or through the odontoblast to the pulp (active transport). This facilitates further processing of the degradation products intracellularly during the passage through the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larmas
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Box 5281, FIN-90401, University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
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