1
|
Hayden L, Byrne E, Deegan A, Dunne S, Gallagher P. A qualitative meta-synthesis examining spirituality as experienced by individuals living with terminal cancer. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221121526. [PMID: 36105766 PMCID: PMC9465615 DOI: 10.1177/20551029221121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to examine and synthesise literature on spirituality as experienced by individuals living with terminal cancer. Six databases were systematically searched for studies with qualitative findings relevant to spirituality and terminal cancer. Thirty-seven studies were included and thematic synthesis was used to identify themes. Analytical themes included: making sense of dying; living with dying; feeling connected; and being reflective. This review highlights how the experience of spirituality can positively impact the lives of terminal cancer patients. Further, these findings suggest that spirituality can be a transformative experience that allows individuals to experience peace at end of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hayden
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Emma Byrne
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Avril Deegan
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Simon Dunne
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
McInnerney D, Kupeli N, Stone P, Anantapong K, Chan J, Flemming K, Troop N, Candy B. Emotional disclosure in palliative care: A scoping review of intervention characteristics and implementation factors. Palliat Med 2021; 35:1323-1343. [PMID: 34053341 PMCID: PMC8267079 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211013248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional disclosure is the therapeutic expression of emotion. It holds potential as a means of providing psychological support. However, evidence of its efficacy in palliative settings is mixed. This may be due to variation in intervention characteristics. AIM To derive a greater understanding of the characteristics of potentially effective emotional disclosure-based interventions in palliative care by:(1) Developing a taxonomy of emotional disclosure-based interventions tested in people with advanced disease and(2) Mapping and linking objectives, outcomes, underlying mechanisms, and implementation factors. DESIGN A scoping review drawing on Intervention Component Analysis to combine evidence from studies' methods, results, and discussion sections. DATA SOURCES Six databases were searched to May 2020 including CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies of emotional disclosure in adults with advanced disease were included. Study quality was appraised using an established tool. RESULTS Seven thousand seven hundred ninety-two unique records were screened, of which 25 primary studies were included. Intervention characteristics were grouped into classes within three domains: topic of disclosure, format, and dose. Evidence was not available to determine which, if any, of the characteristics is most effective. Thematic synthesis of evidence from methods and discussion sections identified factors to consider in tailoring an emotional disclosure-based intervention to this setting, including: population characteristics (e.g. time since diagnosis), providing a safe environment, and flexibility in format. CONCLUSIONS This review approach facilitated a clearer understanding of factors that may be key in developing emotional disclosure-based interventions for palliative populations. Intervention Component Analysis has potential for application elsewhere to help develop evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy McInnerney
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nuriye Kupeli
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
| | - Paddy Stone
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
| | - Kanthee Anantapong
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Justin Chan
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
| | - Kate Flemming
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Nicholas Troop
- Department of Psychology, Sports and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Bridget Candy
- Division of Psychiatry, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Understanding Existential Anxiety and the Soothing Nature of Nostalgia in Life With Incurable Esophageal Cancer: A Phenomenological Hermeneutical Investigation of Patient Narratives. Cancer Nurs 2021; 45:E291-E298. [PMID: 33443956 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has identified how people living with incurable esophageal cancer experience existential concerns. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the phenomenon of existential anxiety when living with esophageal cancer in the context of receiving general palliative care in a hospital setting. METHODS This qualitative study is inspired by phenomenological and hermeneutical aspects of the philosophies of Ricoeur and Heidegger. Applying Heidegger's theory of existential anxiety and nostalgia, we interpreted the narratives of 18 patients receiving palliative care due to incurable esophageal cancer. RESULTS The patients experienced existential anxiety at the loss of a future and homeliness when receiving palliative care. Their existence was reduced to the present, with a break in temporal continuity. An anxious mood permeated their entire being-in-the-world in an unhomelike way. Despite this, patients initiated a restoration of home and meaning expressed as a soothing sense of nostalgia that served as an atmospheric, safe space allowing them to inhabit the borderline between past, present, and future. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests an empirical interpretation of the existential anxiety patients experience when receiving palliation for incurable esophageal cancer. It sheds light on how these patients would benefit from healthcare professionals inviting them to narrate significant aspects of their life stories in which the soothing presence of nostalgia can be supported. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Providing care conditions for a life heading toward death, where the patient can live alongside anxiety, involves focusing on "being with" the patient and on incorporating a nostalgic dimension to facilitate soothing restoration of home for patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghorbani M, Mohammadi E, Aghabozorgi R, Ramezani M. Spiritual care interventions in nursing: an integrative literature review. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1165-1181. [PMID: 32929533 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As an important part of the holistic care, spiritual care is considered an indicator of care quality. This study aims to identify and characterize nursing spiritual care interventions. In order to identify and select resources, an integrative review was done. The search was conducted in national and international databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, INML, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, Web of Science, Wiley, SID, ProQuest, Ovid, Science Direct, PubMed, ebrary, Sage, CINAHL, and Magiran from 1994 to 2018. As a result, 1625 articles were detected, 59 of which were included in synthesis. Data extraction and analysis presented eight categories of spiritual care interventions in the field of nursing including (1) the exploration of spiritual perspective, (2) healing presence, (3) the therapeutic use of self, (4) intuitive sense, (5) patient-centeredness, (6) meaning-centered therapeutic interventions, (7) the creation of a spiritually nurturing environment, and (8) the documentation and evaluation of spiritual care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghorbani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eesa Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Aghabozorgi
- Khansari Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Monir Ramezani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haufe M, Leget C, Potma M, Teunissen S. How can existential or spiritual strengths be fostered in palliative care? An interpretative synthesis of recent literature. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2020:bmjspcare-2020-002379. [PMID: 32928785 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients receiving palliative care may benefit greatly when their existential or spiritual strengths are fostered. To date however, there has not been a comprehensive literature review of patient and care professional approaches that are available. AIMS To describe and synthesise existential or spiritual strength-based approaches within the context of palliative care. METHODS Literature search of 2436 articles between January 1999 and March 2019 in Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Articles were included if they deal with a palliative care situation, focus on the patient, specific existential/spiritual strength, discernible strength approach and an analysis of the workings of that approach. The interpretative synthesis consisted of a thematic analysis of the included articles and an integration of themes. RESULTS In the 14 included articles, 5 different strengths were found to be fostered by 16 approaches: (1) Meaning was fostered by: maintaining normalcy, experiencing sanctuaries, reassessing importance and reconstructing positive self; (2) Connection by: opening up, giving/receiving care and envisioning continuation; (3) Agency by: maintaining control, refocusing goals and continuous adaptation; (4) Hope through: setting special targets, imagining alternate outcomes, building a collection and extending wishes; (5) Faith through: living the tradition and relating to a benevolent force. Strengths and approaches are visualised in an overarching analytical framework: 'the Propeller'. CONCLUSIONS The constructed Propeller framework can be used to become aware of, apply and further develop approaches to foster existential or spiritual strengths among patients receiving palliative care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Haufe
- Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Leget
- Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Potma
- Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Teunissen
- Department of General Practice, Center of Expertise Palliative Care Utrecht, Julius Center for Healthcare Sciences and Primary Care, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laskow T, Small L, Wu DS. Narrative Interventions in the Palliative Care Setting: A Scoping Review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 58:696-706. [PMID: 31216430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This scoping review maps the existing literature on narrative interventions within a palliative care and end-of-life context. OBJECTIVES A scoping review was performed to address the following research question: What observational or randomized controlled trials have been performed to evaluate narrative interventions in the palliative care setting? METHODS A search across multiple electronic databases was performed. The search results were screened. Relevant articles were reviewed for the identification of common themes and challenges. RESULTS After reviewing 495 citations from electronic searches, and 44 articles from author archives or from manual review of article reference lists, we identified 34 articles for inclusion. Narrative interventions have focused on reflection or communication, and have been studied among providers, students, patients, and caregivers. Only patient/caregiver studies used randomized controlled design. Most studies were small and at the level of evaluating feasibility. Challenges include a high degree of heterogeneity among interventions and heterogeneity among parameters for evaluating those interventions. CONCLUSION Narrative interventions are actively being evaluated with the intention of improving communication and well-being among all parties within the palliative care and end-of-life experience. The field would benefit from selecting a subset of outcomes that are comparable across studies, and a common framework for describing narrative interventions. Scant literature exists regarding narrative interventions to assist providers in communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laskow
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Small
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David S Wu
- Palliative Care Program, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
la Cour K, Ledderer L, Hansen HP. Storytelling as part of cancer rehabilitation to support cancer patients and their relatives. J Psychosoc Oncol 2016; 34:460-476. [PMID: 27612167 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2016.1217964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on psychosocial support for cancer-related concerns has primarily focused on either patients or their relatives, although limited research is available on how patients and their relatives can be supported together. The aim of this article is to explore the use of storytelling as a part of a residential cancer rehabilitation intervention for patients together with their relatives, with a specific focus on their management of cancer-related concerns. Ten pairs participated in the intervention and data were generated through ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observations, informal conversations and follow-up interviews conducted one month after completing the intervention. Analysis was performed drawing on narrative theory combined with social practice theory. The results demonstrate that the use of storytelling and metaphors intertwined with other course activities, such as dancing and arts & crafts, provided the patients and their relatives with strategies to manage cancer-related concerns, which they were later able to apply in their everyday lives. The study results may be useful to other professionals in clinical practice for rehabilitation purposes for addressing issues of fear and worry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen la Cour
- a Department of Public Health , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Loni Ledderer
- b Department of Public Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Helle Ploug Hansen
- a Department of Public Health , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Delgado-Guay MO, Rodriguez-Nunez A, De la Cruz V, Frisbee-Hume S, Williams J, Wu J, Liu D, Fisch MJ, Bruera E. Advanced cancer patients' reported wishes at the end of life: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:4273-81. [PMID: 27165052 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Conversations about end-of-life (EOL) wishes are challenging for many clinicians. The Go Wish card game (GWG) was developed to facilitate these conversations. Little is known about the type and consistency of EOL wishes using the GWG in advanced cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the EOL wishes of 100 patients with advanced cancer treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The purpose of this study was to determine the EOL wishes of patients with advanced cancer and to compare patients' preference between the GWG and List of wishes/statements (LOS) containing the same number of items. Patients were randomized into four groups and completed either the GWG or a checklist of 35 LOS and one opened statement found on the GWG cards; patients were asked to categorize these wishes as very, somewhat, or not important. After 4-24 h, the patients were asked to complete the same or other test. Group A (n = 25) received LOS-LOS, group B (n = 25) received GWG-GWG, group C (n = 26) received GWG-LOS, and group D (n = 24) received LOS-GWG. All patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for adults before and after the first test. RESULTS Median age (interquartile range = IQR): 56 (27-83) years. Age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, religion, education, and cancer diagnosis did not differ significantly among the four groups. All patients were able to complete the GWG and/or LOS. The ten most common wishes identified as very important by patients in the first and second test were to be at peace with God (74 vs. 71 %); to pray (62 vs. 61 %); and to have family present (57 vs. 61 %). to be free from pain (54 vs. 60 %); not being a burden to my family (48 vs. 49 %); to trust my doctor (44 vs. 45 %); to keep my sense of humor (41 vs. 45 %); to say goodbye to important people in my life (41 vs. 37 %); to have my family prepared for my death (40 vs. 49 %); and to be able to help others (36 vs. 31 %). There was significant association among the frequency of responses of the study groups. Of the 50 patients exposed to both tests, 43 (86 %) agreed that the GWG instructions were clear, 45 (90 %) agreed that the GWG was easy to understand, 31 (62 %) preferred the GWG, 39 (78 %) agreed that the GWG did not increase their anxiety and 31 (62 %) agreed that having conversations about EOL priorities was beneficial. The median STAI score after GWG was 48 (interquartile range, 39-59) vs. 47 (interquartile range, 27-63) after LOS (p = 0.2952). CONCLUSION Patients with advanced cancer assigned high importance to spirituality and the presence/relationships of family, and these wishes were consistent over the two tests. The GWG did not worsen anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin O Delgado-Guay
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine , Unit 1414, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Alfredo Rodriguez-Nunez
- Programa de Medicina Paliativa y Cuidados Continuos, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vera De la Cruz
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine , Unit 1414, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Susan Frisbee-Hume
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine , Unit 1414, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janet Williams
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine , Unit 1414, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine , Unit 1414, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Missel M, Pedersen JH, Hendriksen C, Tewes M, Adamsen L. Regaining familiarity with own body after treatment for operable lung cancer - a qualitative longitudinal exploration. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2015; 25:1076-1090. [PMID: 26361265 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the experiences of operable lung cancer patients during treatment in a clinical setting based on fast-track surgery. The study aimed to explore (1) the embodied meaning of illness in patients with operable lung cancer during treatment to 4 months after surgery and (2) patterns of change over time that may affect the patients' daily lives. Twenty patients referred for lung cancer surgery were interviewed three times, corresponding to potential critical transition points following surgery: hospitalisation; hospital-to-home transition; and resumption of daily life activities. Data collection, analysis and interpretation followed a phenomenological hermeneutical approach inspired by Ricoeur and the theoretical framework was grounded in Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of perception. The findings reveal the process patients went through in regaining familiarity with their own body after lung cancer treatment. Through the post-operative trajectory the patients' resumption of daily activities involved adjusting to a new awareness of everyday life, physical restrictions and their perception of themselves. The findings are expressed in four sub-themes: (1) perceptions of embodied alterations; (2) transformation of embodied structures in the transition from hospital to home was unexpectedly challenging; (3) embodied perceptions of the intersubjective world; and (4) transforming embodied disruptions into bodily awareness. Patients experienced a smooth treatment trajectory regarding physical consequences of illness and treatment which might be due to the fast-track surgery. Clinicians should be aware of patients' experiences of illness to facilitate patient reconstitution of own identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Missel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Heart Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen.
| | - J H Pedersen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - C Hendriksen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - M Tewes
- Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - L Adamsen
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and University Centre for Nursing and Care Research (UCSF), Centre for Integrated Rehabilitation of Cancer Patients (CIRE), Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dobrina R, Vianello C, Tenze M, Palese A. Mutual Needs and Wishes of Cancer Patients and Their family Caregivers During the Last Week of Life: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study. J Holist Nurs 2015; 34:24-34. [PMID: 25911025 DOI: 10.1177/0898010115581936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The last week of life represents an important time for people dying of cancer and their families. To explore the needs and wishes of patients and their caregivers during the last week of life at home, a descriptive phenomenological study was undertaken in a home care facility located in the northeast of Italy. A purposeful sample of participants affected by advanced cancer was included. For each included patient, a family member assuming the role of principal caregiver was also included. A total of 11 dyads (22 people) were selected and interviewed on a weekly basis. A series of qualitative, semistructured interviews was conducted. Each conversation was intended to provide researchers with an overview of the patient's and family caregiver's needs and wishes. The last interview conducted before the patient died was selected and considered for the analysis performed by researchers independently, who then worked closely together for theme triangulations. Needs and wishes in the last week of life were focused on four main themes: (a) Remaining attached to my life ("I wish I was doing things like I used to"); (b) Detaching myself from life, immediately ("I wish this Calvary were over"); (c) Dealing with the dying process ("Waiting in fear"); and (d) Starting to think of life without each other ("Unshared worries"). In order to improve personalized care in the last week of life, nurses are encouraged to assess both patient and caregiver needs and wishes, as well as their reciprocal influence and correspondence, to identify each patient-caregiver unit's unique holistic care priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maja Tenze
- Nursing Director, Pineta del Carso, Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tuck I, Anderson L. Forgiveness, flourishing, and resilience: the influences of expressions of spirituality on mental health recovery. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:277-82. [PMID: 24702212 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2014.885623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationships of spirituality, religion, and health have been the subject of research in a variety of disciplines over the past two decades. Findings have varied: Some findings appear to have strong evidence of relationships while other findings are deemed inconclusive. A few studies have distinguished between religion and spirituality, but most investigators have treated the two as one concept with no clear lines of distinction between them. This theoretical study, focusing on the topic of spirituality, explores several related concepts, including forgiveness, flourishing, and resilience, as a basis for developing approaches to facilitate recovery in mental health clients using spiritual interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inez Tuck
- North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, School of Nursing, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|