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Eckland NS, Thompson RJ. State Emotional Clarity Is an Indicator of Fluid Emotional Intelligence Ability. J Intell 2023; 11:196. [PMID: 37888428 PMCID: PMC10607947 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional clarity is one facet of emotional intelligence that refers to one's meta-understanding of and ability to identify and describe feelings. The existing research has largely focused on trait emotional clarity and its benefits for greater psychological well-being, more successful emotion regulation/coping, and diminished psychopathology. Researchers have begun to examine state or momentary emotional clarity in daily life. In this paper, we situate emotional clarity within the larger literature on emotional intelligence abilities. Then, we argue that state clarity relies on the ability to incorporate information from the dynamic contexts that emotions unfold in and should more closely reflect one's emotional intelligence ability relative to traditional trait measures. In addition, we review and make recommendations for measuring state emotional clarity in daily life and propose future research directions, focusing on how state emotional clarity could inform the study of emotion regulation, decision making, and goal pursuit in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S. Eckland
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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2
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Joly L, Bardiau M, Nunes de Sousa A, Bayot M, Dory V, Lenoir AL. Impact of emotional competence on physicians' clinical reasoning: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073337. [PMID: 37369427 PMCID: PMC10410994 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical reasoning (CR) is a key competence for physicians and a major source of damaging medical errors. Many strategies have been explored to improve CR quality, most of them based on knowledge enhancement, cognitive debiasing and the use of analytical reasoning. If increasing knowledge and fostering analytical reasoning have shown some positive results, the impact of debiasing is however mixed. Debiasing and promoting analytical reasoning have also been criticised for their lack of pragmatism. Alternative means of increasing CR quality are therefore still needed. Because emotions are known to influence the quality of reasoning in general, we hypothesised that emotional competence (EC) could improve physicians' CR. EC refers to the ability to identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions. The influence of EC on CR remains unclear. This article presents a scoping review protocol, the aim of which will be to describe the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of EC on physicians' CR, the type of available literature and finally the different methods used to examine the link between EC and CR. METHOD AND ANALYSIS The population of interest is physicians and medical students. EC will be explored according to the model of Mikolajczak et al, describing five major components of EC (identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions). The concept of CR will include terms related to its processes and outcomes. Context will include real or simulated clinical situations. The search for primary sources and reviews will be conducted in MEDLINE (via Ovid), Scopus and PsycINFO. The grey literature will be searched in the references of included articles and in OpenGrey. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted using the Covidence software. Search and inclusion results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review model (PRISMA-ScR). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no ethical or safety concerns regarding this review. REGISTRATION DETAILS OSF Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GM7YD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Joly
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marjorie Bardiau
- ULiège Library, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Nunes de Sousa
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Bayot
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valérie Dory
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Lenoir
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine; Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of Liège Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
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3
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Cui F, Huang X, Liu J, Luo YJ, Gu R. Threat-induced anxiety and selfishness in resource sharing: Behavioral and neural evidence. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3859-3872. [PMID: 37086449 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In real life, it is not unusual that we face potential threats (i.e., physical stimuli and environments that may cause harm or danger) with other individuals together, yet it remains largely unknown how threat-induced anxious feelings influence prosocial behaviors such as resource sharing. In this study, we investigated this question by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and a novel paradigm. Together with an anonymous partner, each participant faced the possibility of receiving a 10-s noise administration, which had a low or high probability to be a threat (i.e., the intensity of noise can induce a high level of unpleasantness). Each participant first reported her/his immediate feeling of anxiety about the current situation (being threatened by the unpleasant noise), then decided how to split a number of resources (which could relieve the noise) between her/him and the partner. Behavioral results revealed that the participants showed a selfish bias in the threat conditions than in the safe conditions, and that self-reported anxiety feeling significantly predicted this bias. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that: (1) the activation level of the anterior insula was correlated with self-reported anxiety and (2) the connectivity between the anterior insula and the temporoparietal junction was sensitive to the modulating effect of anxiety on the selfish bias. These findings indicate the neural correlates of the association between threat-induced anxiety and prosocial tendencies in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cui
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Huang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Bartholomeyczik K, Gusenbauer M, Treffers T. The influence of incidental emotions on decision-making under risk and uncertainty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental evidence. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:1054-1073. [PMID: 35838421 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2099349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Emotions influence human decisions under risk and uncertainty, even when they are unrelated to the decisions, i.e. incidental to them. Empirical findings are mixed regarding the directions and sizes of the effects of discrete emotions such as fear, anger, or happiness. According to the Appraisal-Tendency Framework (ATF), appraisals of certainty and control determine why same-valence emotions can differentially alter preferences for risky and uncertain options. Building upon this framework of emotion-specific appraisals, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 experimental studies on the effects of discrete incidental emotions on decision-making under risk and uncertainty. We evaluated potential moderators at the task and study levels. We find emotion-specific, moderately heterogeneous effects partially in line with the expectations of the ATF. The framing and financial consequences of choices, the type of choices, and the presence of other participants during the task do not moderate the effect. Our meta-analytic results support the differential influence of discrete, incidental emotions on decision-making under risk and uncertainty depending on appraisals other than valence. We discuss limited sample sizes and heterogeneity as reasons for the absence of significant moderators and encourage experimental investigations of individual differences in the susceptibility to incidental affective influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bartholomeyczik
- TUM School of Management, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Economics & Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Gusenbauer
- TUM School of Management, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Strategic Management, Marketing & Tourism, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Treffers
- TUM School of Management, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Seeburg Castle University, Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
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5
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Dual Commitment to Leader and Organization: Alternative Models Based on the Employees’ Emotional Awareness. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Management has been considering employee commitment as one of the strategic priorities, due to many studies suggesting the positive influence of commitment on high performance, innovative work behavior, employee retention, and many other important business outcomes. Nevertheless, commitment is considered an abstract construct, from which human resources management needs to create policies and practices that effectively support the business strategy and organizational culture. The existence of many foci of commitment in the workplace has been a challenge in that scenario, being important to understand how different foci relate to each other and how they influence the employee commitment process. To contribute to filling this gap, this research aims to compare two different models, analyzing the relationship between two foci of commitment, namely the affective commitment to the leader and organizational commitment. For this purpose, the employees’ emotional awareness has been considered as an independent variable. Hence, this study seeks to identify which model has higher explanatory power, and consequently, a more significant impact on the process of the employees’ commitment. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Santana-Martins M, Nascimento JL, Sánchez-Hernández MI. Employees’ emotional awareness as an antecedent of organizational commitment—The mediating role of affective commitment to the leader. Front Psychol 2022; 13:945304. [PMID: 35992470 PMCID: PMC9387681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commitment has been perceived as a strategic topic in organizations due to its positive effect on retaining talent, increasing performance, or boosting employees’ innovative behavior. However there are many focis of commitment in the workplace, which has represented a challenge to human resources management, who need implement measures to improve the employee’s commitment. Recent research has suggested a need to conduct studies about commitment, namely antecedents and the relationship between different focis, to understand the dynamic and directionality between them. Hence, the purpose of this work is to analyze how employees’ emotional awareness relates with two focis of commitment (the leader and the organization), also assessing the mediating role of affective commitment to the leader. The study uses structural equation modeling and Lisrel to test the hypotheses considering the multidimensionality of organizational commitment (affective; normative; and continuance), employees emotional awareness (understanding self-emotions; self-control when facing criticism; and understanding others’ emotions), and the affective commitment to the leader, under the scope of Social Exchange Theory. The Mackinon’s Z Test was used to assess the mediation role of affective commitment to the leader. The sample is composed for 403 employees from two multinational companies. The results provide empirical evidence about the mediating role of affective commitment to the leader in the relationship between employees’ emotional awareness and organizational commitment, and the employees’ emotional awareness as an antecedent of commitment. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Santana-Martins
- Business Administration and Sociology Department, School of Economics Sciences and Management, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marisa Santana-Martins,
| | - José Luís Nascimento
- Centro de Administração e Politicas Públicas, Intituto Superior de Ciencias Sociais e Politicas, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Sánchez-Hernández
- Business Administration and Sociology Department, School of Economics Sciences and Management, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Sánchez-López MT, Fernández-Berrocal P, Gómez-Leal R, Megías-Robles A. Evidence on the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Risk Behavior: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:810012. [PMID: 35222197 PMCID: PMC8863602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.810012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the existing literature studying the relationship between emotional intelligence and risk behavior. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence available relating both constructs. Particular attention was paid to identifying possible differences in this relationship as a function of the different conceptualizations of EI and the risk domain. The study was conducted following the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Our results revealed a significant negative relationship between EI and health-related risk behaviors. However, this relationship was not observed in other risk domains such as finance and gambling. The relationship between EI and risk behavior differed according to the risk domain studied, which supports the notion that risk is a domain-specific construct. The results associated with the health-related risk behaviors are consistent with existing literature about the positive impact of emotional abilities on the health domain. A more complete understanding of the emotional mechanisms that underlie risk behavior could help to establish action guidelines and improve programmes to prevent and reduce the negative effects of risk behavior on our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Sánchez-López
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Gómez-Leal
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Megías-Robles
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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8
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Why do I feel the way I do? Emotional dysregulation and the need to understand the causes of emotions. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Liu B, Zhao H, Lu Q. Effect of leader mindfulness on hindrance stress in nurses: The social mindfulness information processing path. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:4414-4426. [PMID: 34227698 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the influence of leader mindfulness on hindrance stress in nurses. Based on the social mindfulness framework, the mediating effects of nurses' perceptions of their leaders' perspective taking and empathic concern and how they are moderated by mindfulness of nurses were investigated. DESIGN A time-lagged cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS The convenience sampling method was adopted. Data were collected at three time points from January to September 2020. A total of 393 paired datasets of nurses and their leaders were collected from 28 Chinese 3A grade hospitals. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing. RESULTS (1) Leader mindfulness significantly reduced nurse hindrance stress. (2) Both nurses' perceptions of their leaders' perspective taking and empathic concern mediated the relationship between leader mindfulness and nurse hindrance stress. Empathic concern was more effective than perspective taking in the process of leader mindfulness for reducing nurse hindrance stress. Nurses' perceptions of their leaders' perspective taking completely mediated the relationship between empathic concern and nurse hindrance stress. (3) Nurse mindfulness moderated the relationship between leader mindfulness and nurses' perceptions of their leaders' empathic concern but had no significant effect on the relationship between leader mindfulness and nurses' perceptions of their leaders' perspective taking. CONCLUSION Leader mindfulness was an important interpersonal factor for reducing nurse hindrance stress. Nurses' perceptions of their leaders' perspective taking and empathic concern were pivotal mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of leader mindfulness. Nurse mindfulness is a situational factor that contributes to the effectiveness of leader mindfulness. IMPACT Hospitals can benefit from mindfulness interventions by improving the mindfulness of leaders and nurses. Nurse managers are encouraged to promote social mindfulness, which will enable perspective taking and empathic concern by nurses and thus reduce hindrance stress on nurses during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Liu
- School of Business, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Zhao
- School of Finance, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lu
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
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10
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Haag C, Bellinghausen L, Jilinskaya-Pandey M. QEPro: An ability measure of emotional intelligence for managers in a French cultural environment. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:4080-4102. [PMID: 33935471 PMCID: PMC8064697 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Managers' interest in the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has grown steadily due to an accumulation of published articles and books touting EI's benefits. For over thirty years, many researchers have used or designed tools for measuring EI, most of which raise important psychometric, cultural and contextual issues. The aim of this article is to address some of the main limitations observed in previous studies of EI. By developing and validating QEPro we propose a new performance-based measure of EI based on a modified version of Mayer and Salovey's (1997) four-branch model. QEPro is an ability EI measure specifically dedicated to managers and business executives in a French cultural environment (N = 1035 managers and executives). In order to increase both the ecological and the face validity of the test for the target population we used the Situational Judgment Tests framework and a theory-based item development and scoring approach. For all items, correct and incorrect response options were developed using established theories from the emotion and management fields. Our study showed that QEPro has good psychometric qualities such as high measurement precision and internal consistency, an appropriate level of difficulty and a clear factorial structure. The tool also correlates in meaningful and theoretically congruent ways with general intelligence, Trait EI measures, the Big Five factors of personality, and the Affect measures used in this study. For all these reasons, QEPro is a promising tool for studying the role of EI competencies in managerial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Haag
- Emlyon Business School, 23 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Lisa Bellinghausen
- Emlyon Business School, 23 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69130 Écully, France
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11
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Simonet DV, Miller KE, Askew KL, Sumner KE, Mortillaro M, Schlegel K. How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test. J Intell 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33807593 PMCID: PMC8006218 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing upon multidimensional theories of intelligence, the current paper evaluates if the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo) fits within a higher-order intelligence space and if emotional intelligence (EI) branches predict distinct criteria related to adjustment and motivation. Using a combination of classical and S-1 bifactor models, we find that (a) a first-order oblique and bifactor model provide excellent and comparably fitting representation of an EI structure with self-regulatory skills operating independent of general ability, (b) residualized EI abilities uniquely predict criteria over general cognitive ability as referenced by fluid intelligence, and (c) emotion recognition and regulation incrementally predict grade point average (GPA) and affective engagement in opposing directions, after controlling for fluid general ability and the Big Five personality traits. Results are qualified by psychometric analyses suggesting only emotion regulation has enough determinacy and reliable variance beyond a general ability factor to be treated as a manifest score in analyses and interpretation. Findings call for renewed, albeit tempered, research on EI as a multidimensional intelligence and highlight the need for refined assessment of emotional perception, understanding, and management to allow focused analyses of different EI abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Simonet
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katherine E. Miller
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Kevin L. Askew
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Kenneth E. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Marcello Mortillaro
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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12
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Liu B, Zhang Z, Lu Q. Influence of Leader Mindfulness on the Emotional Exhaustion of University Teachers: Resources Crossover Effect. Front Psychol 2021; 12:597208. [PMID: 33732180 PMCID: PMC7959755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.597208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study combined conservation of resources theory with the job demands-resources model to explore the influence of leader mindfulness on the emotional exhaustion of university teachers Using a time-lagged research design, 388 paired data sets were gathered. Multiple regression and bootstrapping were used to test each hypothesis. The results showed that first, leader mindfulness significantly reduces the emotional exhaustion of university teachers. Second, the results showed that workplace telepressure partially mediates the relationship between leader mindfulness and the emotional exhaustion of university teachers. Third, university teacher mindfulness positively moderates the relationship between leader mindfulness and workplace telepressure. Finally, the results of this study indicate that self-efficacy in managing negative emotions negatively moderates the relationship between workplace telepressure and the emotional exhaustion of university teachers. This study empirically examined the interpersonal influence of leader mindfulness and the initial resources effect of university teacher mindfulness and self-efficacy in managing negative emotions from the bilateral perspective of leaders and university teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Liu
- School of Business, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- School of Business, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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13
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Kang P, Anand KS, Feldman P, Schweitzer ME. Insincere negotiation: Using the negotiation process to pursue non-agreement motives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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See AY, Klimstra TA, Cramer AOJ, Denissen JJA. The Network Structure of Personality Pathology in Adolescence With the 100-Item Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short-Form (PID-5-SF). Front Psychol 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32431646 PMCID: PMC7214786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of understanding of the structure of personality disorder (PD) trait facets. The network approach may be useful in providing additional insights, uncovering the unique association of each PD trait facet with every other facet. A unique feature of network analysis is centrality, which indicates the importance of the role a trait facet plays in the context of other trait facets. Using data from 1,940 community Dutch adolescents, we applied network analysis to the 25 trait facets from the 100-item Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short-Form (PID-5-SF) to explore their associations. We found that some trait facets only seem to be core indicators of their pre-ordained domains, whereas we observed that other trait facets were strongly associated with trait facets outside of their hypothesized domains. Importantly, anxiousness and callousness were identified as highly central facets, being uniquely associated with many other trait facets. Future longitudinal network studies could therefore further examine the possibility of anxiousness and callousness as risk marker trait facets among other PD trait facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. See
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Theo A. Klimstra
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap J. A. Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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15
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Udayar S, Fiori M, Bausseron E. Emotional intelligence and performance in a stressful task: The mediating role of self-efficacy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Yip JA, Levine EE, Brooks AW, Schweitzer ME. Worry at work: How organizational culture promotes anxiety. RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2020.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Roberts ID, Hutcherson CA. Affect and Decision Making: Insights and Predictions from Computational Models. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:602-614. [PMID: 31104816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years interest in integrating the affective and decision sciences has skyrocketed. Immense progress has been made, but the complexities of each field, which can multiply when combined, present a significant obstacle. A carefully defined framework for integration is needed. The shift towards computational modeling in decision science provides a powerful basis and a path forward, but one whose synergistic potential will only be fully realized by drawing on the theoretical richness of the affective sciences. Reviewing research using a popular computational model of choice (the drift diffusion model), we discuss how mapping concepts to parameters reduces conceptual ambiguity and reveals novel hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Cendri A Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Lee KK. An indirect debiasing method: Priming a target attribute reduces judgmental biases in likelihood estimations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212609. [PMID: 30845187 PMCID: PMC6405187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying psychological process that leads to a bias is crucial for developing remedies to correct or reduce the bias. As one of the psychological processes that underlie judgmental biases, attribute substitution provides an explanation as to why people rely on heuristics and commit judgmental biases. Attribute substitution occurs when people make a judgment that requires the use of a target attribute, but make the judgment using a heuristic attribute that comes more readily to mind. This substitution inevitably introduces systematic errors because these two attributes are different. The current work explores an indirect debiasing method-the priming of a target attribute. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that priming a target attribute in prior tasks reduces judgmental biases in likelihood estimations: ratio-bias and base-rate neglect. However, this outcome only occurs when participants have enough cognitive resources. When they experience cognitive load, the priming of the target attribute does not reduce their judgmental biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kiyeon Lee
- Department of Marketing, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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Yip JA, Schweitzer ME. Losing your temper and your perspective: Anger reduces perspective-taking. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Moors A, Fischer M. Demystifying the role of emotion in behaviour: toward a goal-directed account. Cogn Emot 2018; 33:94-100. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1510381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Moors
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maja Fischer
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gilar-Corbí R, Pozo-Rico T, Sánchez B, Castejón JL. Can Emotional Competence Be Taught in Higher Education? A Randomized Experimental Study of an Emotional Intelligence Training Program Using a Multimethodological Approach. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1039. [PMID: 29997545 PMCID: PMC6030676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of the Bologna Process, the goal of education has been not only to acquire technical skills but also to master other skills, such as teamwork, effective communication skills, time optimization, and the ability to manage one's emotions. The present work describes a program to develop emotional intelligence in higher education, the “Emotional Intelligence Training Program,” with a multimethodological approach that offers the opportunity for university students to develop their emotional intelligence. A total of 192 higher education students participated in this educational experience. Of the participants, 66% were women, and 34% were men; the average age of the sample was 18.83 years with a standard deviation of 2.73. The results indicate that our program can help improve emotional intelligence through three proposed methodologies: online, in the classroom, and coaching. It has been demonstrated that the program is effective in the three methodological modalities presented, offering a range of possibilities to future users because it is possible to select the most appropriate modality based on the resources and possibilities available in each situation. Finally, Future research should focus on the application of this program to assess the acquisition of emotional competences at the postgraduate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gilar-Corbí
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Teresa Pozo-Rico
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Barbara Sánchez
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Castejón
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Yip JA, Schweitzer ME, Nurmohamed S. Trash-talking: Competitive incivility motivates rivalry, performance, and unethical behavior. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schlegel K, Scherer KR. The nomological network of emotion knowledge and emotion understanding in adults: evidence from two new performance-based tests. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:1514-1530. [PMID: 29235929 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1414687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotion understanding, which can broadly be defined as expertise in the meaning of emotion, is a core component of emotional intelligence and facilitates better intra- and interpersonal outcomes. However, to date only very few standard tests to measure emotion understanding in healthy adults exist. Here, we present two new performance-based tests that were developed and are scored based on componential emotion theory and large-scale cross-cultural empirical findings. These instruments intend to measure facets of emotion understanding that are not included in existing tests. The first test (Geneva EMOtion Knowledge test - Blends; GEMOK-Blends) measures the ability to understand and label emotional experiences of a target person from a description of emotion features covering five emotion components (appraisal, feeling, action tendencies, expression, and physiology) embedded in a written vignette. The second test (GEMOK-Features) measures semantic knowledge about which features from each component are characteristic of emotion episodes described by a specific emotion label. In four studies, we found evidence for the good internal consistency and construct validity of these tests. Both tests were positively correlated with other emotional abilities and cognitive ability and showed meaningful associations with a variety of personality and demographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schlegel
- a Department for Psychology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerand.,b Swiss Center for Affective Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Klaus R Scherer
- b Swiss Center for Affective Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,c Department of Psychology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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Abstract
We describe an approach that enables a more complete evaluation of the validity of emotional intelligence measures. We argue that a source of evidence for validity is often overlooked by researchers and test developers, namely, evidence based on response processes. This evidence can be obtained through (a) a definition of the ability, (b) a description of the mental processes that operate when a person uses the ability, (c) the development of a theory of response behaviour that links variation in the construct with variation on the responses to the items of a measure, and (d) a test of the theory of response behaviour through one or more strategies that we describe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Côté
- Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Filip Lievens
- Department of Personnel Management and Work and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Abstract
Prior research has focused on the influence of emotional expressions on the value of negotiated outcomes. Across three studies, we demonstrate that people interacting with angry counterparts become more likely to walk away from a negotiation, resulting in an impasse. In Study 1, participants who encountered counterparts expressing anger were more likely to choose an impasse, relative to those with neutral counterparts. In Study 2, building on the emotion-as-social-information model, we found that inferences of selfishness mediate the effect of angry expressions on impasses. In Study 3, we found that timing moderates the relationship between angry expressions and impasses. Furthermore, we demonstrated that perceptions of inappropriateness mediate the interactive effect of timing and angry expressions on impasses. Taken together, our work reveals that expressing anger is risky in negotiations because people infer that angry counterparts are selfish and become more likely to exit negotiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Yip
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yip JA, Schweitzer ME. Mad and misleading: Incidental anger promotes deception. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gutierrez D, Mullen PR. Emotional Intelligence and the Counselor: Examining the Relationship of Trait Emotional Intelligence to Counselor Burnout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17744/mehc.38.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Given the intimate and emotional nature of counseling, counselors are often highly susceptible to counselor burnout. Scholars have reported on how important it is for counselors to find strategies that mitigate stressful scenarios and prevent burnout. Emotional intelligence could be a preventative factor. This article describes a correlational investigation that examined the relationship of practicing mental health and marriage and family counselors' (N = 539) emotional intelligence to their degree of burnout. The results from this study indicate that participants' level of emotional intelligence negatively predicted their level of burnout (r = −.62, p < .001; 38% of the variance explained). This article provides a description of our findings, suggestions for future research, and implications for counselors.
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Johnson SK, Blanchard A. Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health: Stress and Symptom Reporting Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17744/mehc.38.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the pathways through which mood perception affects perceived stress and symptom reporting among undergraduate students. It examines depression, anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect as mediators between a) emotional intelligence (EI) and b) perceived stress and symptom reporting. Results indicated that on the EI measure used in this study, the Trait Meta-mood Scale (TMMS) subscales, Attention was not related to perceived stress or symptom reporting. Mood Repair and Clarity were significantly and inversely related to perceived stress and symptom reporting. Anxiety and depression were the primary mediators in these relationships.
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Engel D, Woolley AW, Jing LX, Chabris CF, Malone TW. Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Theory of Mind predicts collective intelligence equally well online and face-to-face. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115212. [PMID: 25514387 PMCID: PMC4267836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research with face-to-face groups found that a measure of general group effectiveness (called “collective intelligence”) predicted a group’s performance on a wide range of different tasks. The same research also found that collective intelligence was correlated with the individual group members’ ability to reason about the mental states of others (an ability called “Theory of Mind” or “ToM”). Since ToM was measured in this work by a test that requires participants to “read” the mental states of others from looking at their eyes (the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test), it is uncertain whether the same results would emerge in online groups where these visual cues are not available. Here we find that: (1) a collective intelligence factor characterizes group performance approximately as well for online groups as for face-to-face groups; and (2) surprisingly, the ToM measure is equally predictive of collective intelligence in both face-to-face and online groups, even though the online groups communicate only via text and never see each other at all. This provides strong evidence that ToM abilities are just as important to group performance in online environments with limited nonverbal cues as they are face-to-face. It also suggests that the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test measures a deeper, domain-independent aspect of social reasoning, not merely the ability to recognize facial expressions of mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Engel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AW); (DE); (TM)
| | - Anita Williams Woolley
- Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AW); (DE); (TM)
| | - Lisa X. Jing
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Chabris
- Union College, Department of Psychology, Schenectady, New York, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Malone
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AW); (DE); (TM)
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Garchinski CM, DiBiase AM, Wong RK, Sagar SM. Patient-centered care in cancer treatment programs: the future of integrative oncology through psychoeducation. Future Oncol 2014; 10:2603-14. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The reciprocal relationship between the mind and body has been a neglected process for improving the psychosocial care of cancer patients. Emotions form an important link between the mind and body. They play a fundamental role in the cognitive functions of decision-making and symptom control. Recognizing this relationship is important for integrative oncology. We define psychoeducation as the teaching of self-evaluation and self-regulation of the mind–body process. A gap exists between research evidence and implementation into clinical practice. The patients’ search for self-empowerment through the pursuit of complementary therapies may be a surrogate for inadequate psychoeducation. Integrative oncology programs should implement psychoeducation that helps patients to improve both emotional and cognitive intelligence, enabling them to better negotiate cancer treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann-Marie DiBiase
- Faculty of Education, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raimond K Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medicine & Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Sagar
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medicine & Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 3rd Floor, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8V 5C2, Canada
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Abstract
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes beneficial drivers of decision making. Across different domains, important regularities appear in the mechanisms through which emotions influence judgments and choices. We organize and analyze what has been learned from the past 35 years of work on emotion and decision making. In so doing, we propose the emotion-imbued choice model, which accounts for inputs from traditional rational choice theory and from newer emotion research, synthesizing scientific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Lerner
- Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;
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Côté S. Emotional Intelligence in Organizations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Côté
- Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E6, Canada;
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