|
1
|
Singh R, Shukla A, Kaur G, Girdhar M, Malik T, Mohan A. Systemic Analysis of Glyphosate Impact on Environment and Human Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6165-6183. [PMID: 38371781 PMCID: PMC10870391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
With a growing global population, agricultural scientists are focusing on crop production management and the creation of new strategies for a higher agricultural output. However, the growth of undesirable plants besides the primary crop poses a significant challenge in agriculture, necessitating the massive application of herbicides to eradicate this problem. Several synthetic herbicides are widely utilized, with glyphosate emerging as a potential molecule for solving this emerging issue; however, it has several environmental and health consequences. Several weed species have evolved resistance to this herbicide, therefore lowering agricultural yield. The persistence of glyphosate residue in the environment, such as in water and soil systems, is due to the misuse of glyphosate in agricultural regions, which causes its percolation into groundwater via the vertical soil profile. As a result, it endangers many nontarget organisms existing in the natural environment, which comprises both soil and water. The current Review aims to provide a systemic analysis of glyphosate, its various effects on the environment, its subsequent impact on human health and animals, which will lead us toward a better understanding of the issues about herbicide usage and aid in managing it wisely, as in the near the future glyphosate market is aiming for a positive forecast until 2035.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Singh
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Akanksha Shukla
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gurdeep Kaur
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Madhuri Girdhar
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma 00000, Ethiopia
| | - Anand Mohan
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Rahman A, Baharlouei P, Koh EHY, Pirvu DG, Rehmani R, Arcos M, Puri S. A Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Food: Evaluating Nutritional Value and Impact on Human Health. Foods 2024; 13:208. [PMID: 38254509 PMCID: PMC10814746 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, organic agriculture has gained more popularity, yet its approach to food production and its potential impact on consumers' health and various environmental aspects remain to be fully discovered. The goal of organic farming practices is to maintain soil health, sustain ecological systems, maintain fairness in its relationship with the environment and protect the environment in its entirety. Various health benefits have been associated with higher consumption of organic foods. This review identified some of these health benefits, including a reduction in obesity and body mass index (BMI), improvements in blood nutrient composition as well as reductions in maternal obesity and pregnancy-associated preeclampsia risks. Furthermore, organic food consumption can reduce the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and colorectal cancers. Upon reviewing the existing literature regarding the nutritional value of organic foods, it was found that organic food contained higher levels of iron, magnesium and vitamin C. However, the evidence available to draw definitive causations remains limited due to study biases, short study durations and confounding variables; thus, it cannot be concluded that the organic diet provides any related health benefits. In this review, we provided essential insights and statistical analysis from the evidence available and consider study limitations to evaluate the potential of organic food consumption in positively impacting human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizur Rahman
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Parnian Baharlouei
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- Physiology and Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eleanor Hui Yan Koh
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Diana Gabby Pirvu
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Rameesha Rehmani
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mateo Arcos
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Simron Puri
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp at UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (P.B.); (E.H.Y.K.); (D.G.P.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (S.P.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Soares D, Silva L, Duarte S, Pena A, Pereira A. Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112785. [PMID: 34829065 PMCID: PMC8622992 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and glyphosate’s safety and health consequences are controversial. Since glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impact that its presence in food can cause in humans. Therefore, this work aims to review the glyphosate use, toxicity and occurrence in diverse food samples, which, in certain cases, occurs at violative levels. The incidence of glyphosate at levels above those legally allowed and the suspected toxic effects of this compound raise awareness regarding public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Soares
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Liliana Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
- Vasco da Gama Research Center, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - André Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|