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Luo S, Dou WQ, Schoepf UJ, Varga-Szemes A, Pridgen WT, Zhang LJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in myocardial involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:346-354. [PMID: 35150849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects young women. Myocardial involvement in SLE frequently occurs and it is rather challenging to make the diagnosis in current clinical settings, mainly due to the extensive clinical presentation of signs and symptoms. As a noninvasive imaging reference in diagnosing cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can provide new insight into myocardial abnormalities including inflammation, fibrosis, and microcirculation. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to systematically review the pathology, clinical features, and diagnosis, while illustrating the clinical role of CMR on myocardial involvement of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Luo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | | | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Akos Varga-Szemes
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wanya T Pridgen
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
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Bouayed K, Faid T, Sakhi A, Boutaleb AM, Drighil A. Dilated cardiomyopathy: An unusual and severe condition in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:619-623. [DOI: 10.1177/09612033221086467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic juvenile lupus erythematosus can affect any organ including the heart. While pericarditis and endocarditis are the most common cardiac complications, dilated cardiomyopathy remains rare. We report the full recovery of dilated cardiomyopathy in a girl with juvenile lupus. Case presentation A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent fever, weight loss, alopecia, positive anti-lupus antibodies, and decreased complement. Examination found dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. Chest X-ray revealed an enlarged cardiac silhouette, and echocardiography showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. After excluding other causes, systemic lupus erythematosus related dilated cardiomyopathy was selected. Heart failure treatment, Prednisone, and hydroxychloroquine were prescribed. On day three, she developed macrophage activation syndrome which responded to methylprednisolone boluses. Clinical and biological improvement was observed after 4 weeks, normalization of echocardiography after 4 months. Conclusion A review of the literature confirmed the rare and severe nature of dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile lupus emphasizing the importance of performing echocardiography at the slightest cardiac sign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Bouayed
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, A. Harouchi Mother-Child Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Tiaaza Faid
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, A. Harouchi Mother-Child Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Sakhi
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, A. Harouchi Mother-Child Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amine Mamoun Boutaleb
- Department of Cardiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdenasser Drighil
- Department of Cardiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Kumar K, Seetharam K, Poonam F, Gulati A, Sadiq A, Shetty V. The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Evaluation of Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Diseases. Cureus 2021; 13:e20708. [PMID: 35106243 PMCID: PMC8788898 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For systemic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, myopathies, and mixed connective tissue diseases, cardiac disease is a major contributing factor for morbidity and mortality. The cardiovascular manifestations are the result of various pathophysiological components, which complicate management. Furthermore, the signs and symptoms can be subtle and missed due to the complex nature of the underlying condition. As a result, various imaging approaches play an imperative role in diagnosis and prognosis. The evolving role of these modalities could lead to risk stratification and improved therapies in the future. In conclusion, our review article will highlight the role of cardiac imaging in the evaluation of cardiac involvement for systemic diseases.
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Guo Q, Wu LM, Wang Z, Shen JY, Su X, Wang CQ, Gong XR, Yan QR, He Q, Zhang W, Xu JR, Jiang M, Pu J. Early Detection of Silent Myocardial Impairment in Drug-Naive Patients With New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Three-Center Prospective Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 70:2014-2024. [PMID: 30070061 DOI: 10.1002/art.40671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled the assessment of myocardial features, from tissue characteristics to functional changes, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Echocardiography, however, detects cardiac decompensation. This study was undertaken to investigate the use of cardiac MRI to explore early warning signs of silent cardiac involvement and determine treatment timing in SLE. METHODS Clinical assessment and cardiac MRI studies were performed in 50 drug-naive patients with new-onset SLE, 60 patients with longstanding SLE, and 50 healthy subjects in a 3-center prospective study. RESULTS Analysis of cardiac enzymes, the presence and size of regional myocardial fibrosis as indicated by late gadolinium enhancement, strain changes, and biventricular ejection fraction did not indicate cardiac impairment in the patients with new-onset SLE. Native myocardial T1 and extracellular volume (ECV), which are extracellular matrix indices, were elevated in the patients with new-onset SLE (mean ± SD 1,369 ± 79 msec versus 1,092 ± 57 msec in the control group for native T1; 32 ± 5% versus 24 ± 3% in the control group for ECV; P < 0.001 for both). The elevation was independent of SLE disease activity. CONCLUSION This is the first study to indicate that drug-naive patients with new-onset SLE, even those with inactive disease, are likely to have silent cardiac impairment. Structural and functional changes in the myocardium are related to SLE disease stage; this finding indicates the value of early detection of myocardial involvement. Native myocardial T1 values and ECV, rather than currently used clinical rheumatic and cardiac indices, could serve as early detection markers of myocardial injury before the presence of visual fibrosis and functional decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Ming Wu
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yan Shen
- Huashan Hospital Baoshan Branch and Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Qian Wang
- Ninth People's Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Rong Gong
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ran Yan
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing He
- Ninth People's Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Umer A, Bhatti S, Jawed S. Sub-acute Cardiac Tamponade as an Early Clinical Presentation of Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report. Cureus 2018; 10:e3478. [PMID: 30648029 PMCID: PMC6318088 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems by the process of inflammation and formation of auto-antibodies. When it presents in childhood, it is referred to as childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Cardiac tamponade is a rare but potentially lethal complication of cSLE, even rarer as an initial presentation. Sub-acute cardiac tamponade (medical tamponade) is a non-emergent type of cardiac tamponade which develops slowly over time and does not necessarily present with acute distress. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with complaints of intermittent fever, periorbital puffiness, abdominal distension, and swelling on the hands and feet. She was not in any acute distress but was vitally unstable. Cardiovascular examination revealed muffled heart sounds. Chest examination further revealed decreased breathing sounds on the left side with dull notes on percussion. Abdominal examination revealed positive shifting dullness with a distended abdomen. Blood investigations were ordered which revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Chest X-ray showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Urine detailed report showed proteinuria and hematuria. Further investigations revealed the autoimmune root of the disease. Echocardiography was ordered which showed a large collection of fluid around the posterior aspect of heart with the concomitant collapse of atrial chambers suggestive of cardiac tamponade. A diagnosis of sub-acute cardiac tamponade secondary to childhood SLE was made. The patient was started on pulse therapy of methylprednisolone followed by a low-dose regime of mycophenolate mofetil. The patient was also provided with positive pressure ventilation, hemodialysis, and invasive cardiovascular monitoring along with the instillation of intravenous fluid supplements. To our knowledge, cases of sub-acute cardiac tamponade as the only and early clinical manifestation in childhood SLE are very rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Umer
- Internal Medicine, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shoaib Bhatti
- Pediatrics, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shafaq Jawed
- Surgery, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
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The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus - A comprehensive approach by cardiovascular magnetic resonance tomography. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202105. [PMID: 30273933 PMCID: PMC6167090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cardiac manifestations, e.g. coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocarditis are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of subclinical heart disease in SLE is unknown. We studied whether a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol may be useful for early diagnosis of heart disease in SLE patients without known CAD. Methods In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study CMR including cine, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and stress perfusion sequences, ECG, and blood sampling were performed in 30 consecutive SLE patients without known CAD. All patients fulfilled at least 4/11 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria for the classification of SLE. Results 30 patients (83% female) were enrolled, mean age was 45±14 years and mean SLE disease duration was 10±8 years. 80% had low to moderate disease activity. All had a low SLE damage index. CMR was abnormal in 13/30 (43%), showing LGE in 9/13, stress perfusion deficits in 5/13 and pericardial effusion (PE) in 7/13. Patients with non-ischemic LGE had more often microalbuminuria while patients with stress perfusion deficits a history of hypertension, renal disorder as ACR criterion, repolarisation abnormalities on ECG and larger LV enddiastolic volume index. There was no correlation between clinical symptoms and CMR results. Conclusion Our study shows that cardiac involvement as observed by CMR is frequent in SLE and not necessarily associated with typical symptoms. CMR may thus help to detect subclinical cardiac involvement, which could lead to earlier treatment. Additionally we identify possible risk factors associated with cardiac involvement.
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Cardiac Tissue Characterization and Imaging in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:1387-1396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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