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Rahman MA, Kundu S, Ahinkorah BO, Okyere J, Halder HR, Rahman MM, Yadav UN, Mistry SK, Rahman MA. Was there any change in tobacco smoking among adults in Bangladesh during 2009-2017? Insights from two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e057896. [PMID: 34930749 PMCID: PMC8689193 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the changes in prevalence and associated factors of tobacco smoking among Bangladeshi adults over time. DESIGN Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Two most recent Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) data from Bangladesh, carried out in 2009 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS Adult population aged 15 and above (n=9629 in 2009; n=12 783 in 2017). OUTCOME MEASURES Current use of tobacco smoke, including cigarettes, bidi, hukkah, cigars or pipes, which was dichotomised ('yes'/'no'). METHODS We analysed data from two recent rounds of GATS (2009 and 2017). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS The overall prevalence of tobacco smoking among Bangladeshi adults was noted (23.00%, 95% CI 22.98 to 23.00 in 2009; 16.44%, 95% CI 16.43 to 16.45 in 2017). Being male (adjusted OR (AOR)=59.72, CI 40.56 to 87.93 for 2009; AOR=71.17, CI 41.08 to 123.32 for 2017), age between 25 and 64 years (all AORs >2 and p<0.05), smoking permissible at home (AOR=7.08, CI 5.88 to 8.52 for 2009; AOR=5.90, CI 5.34 to 6.95 for 2017), and watching tobacco smoking product use in movie/drama scenes (AOR=1.26, CI 1.11 to 1.44 for 2009; AOR=1.34, CI 1.17 to 1.54 for 2017) were found to be significantly associated with increased tobacco smoking among adults both in 2009 and in 2017. However, being offered free tobacco sample products (AOR=0.66, CI 0.57 to 0.77 for 2009; AOR=0.87, CI 0.76 to 0.99 for 2017) and having primary, secondary or higher education (all AORs <1 and p<0.05) as well as being a student (AOR=0.16, CI 0.09 to 0.29 for 2009; AOR=0.32, CI 0.19 to 0.53) were associated with lower odds of tobacco smoking in both surveys. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined over the period, it is still high among those who were relatively older, men, less educated and exposed to a movie/drama where tobacco smoking is promoted. Therefore, appropriate interventions are required to stop tobacco smoking among the Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Henry Ratul Halder
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Md Mahmudur Rahman
- Research, Monitoring and Information Management Organization/Institutions, Deep Eye Care Foundation (DECF), Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Research, Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 6th Floor, Medona Tower, 28 Mohakhali Commercial Area, Bir Uttom A K Khandakar Road, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Moonajilin MS, Kamal MKI, Mamun FA, Safiq MB, Hosen I, Manzar MD, Mamun MA. Substance use behavior and its lifestyle-related risk factors in Bangladeshi high school-going adolescents: An exploratory study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254926. [PMID: 34288956 PMCID: PMC8294555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse is a major concern worldwide and is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh. However, there are no prior studies concerning lifestyle-related factors that influence adolescents' substance use behavior. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of substance use and its associated sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors among a total of 424 Bangladeshi high school-going adolescents through a structured questionnaire interview study. The survey questionnaire consisted of socio-demographics, lifestyle-related information, and substance use-related questions. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 22.0, and a p-value of <0.05 determined statistical significance. Results showed that 21.2%, 14.4%, and 15.1% of the participants reported smoking, using a drug, and consuming alcohol, respectively, at least once during their lifespan; whereas the current (i.e., past-month) rates were reported to be 10.4%, 2.8%, and 3.1%, respectively. Overall, the current substance use risk factors were identified as being male, not being from science academic background, having less family influence on personal life, irregular teeth brushing, being smartphone users, using a smartphone for a longer time, and being late-night sleepers. From the list of identified risk factors of substance use, those that are modifiable may be targeted to evolve a prevention program to manage this problem in Bangladeshi adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Sabrina Moonajilin
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalid Ibne Kamal
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al Mamun
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ismail Hosen
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Ahammed T, Ahmed NU, Uddin MJ. Changes in prevalence, and factors associated with tobacco use among Bangladeshi school students: evidence from two nationally representative surveys. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:579. [PMID: 33757487 PMCID: PMC7989242 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, tobacco kills more than nine million people per year. Annually in Bangladesh, smoking accounts for 1.2 million illnesses and over one hundred fifty thousand deaths. Worldwide, about one out of five school students smoke tobacco, and this problem is also growing significantly in Bangladesh. There is a need to address this problem. However, to the best of knowledge, no published study has been evaluated the changes in factors associated with tobacco use over time among Bangladeshi adolescent students using large, nationally representative comparable surveys. Our objective was to identify the factors associated with tobacco use among school going students, examine any changes in them over time, and explore policy options based on national surveys. Methods We analysed the data from the 2007 and the 2013 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a school-based survey targeting adolescents age 13–15 years (7th–9th grade), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The samples were selected based on a two-stage cluster sample design. The data were collected in school classes using a self-administered anonymous survey. We applied chi-square tests and survey logistic regression models for analysing the data. Results Overall tobacco usage significantly declined from 8.4 to 6.9% over six years. The prevalence of tobacco use decreased among females (5.22 to 2.84%), those who received anti-tobacco messages (8.93 to 7.24%) and because of age restriction could not buy tobacco products (18.86 to 15.78%). Compared with the female, the odds of overall tobacco smoking among male students was 1.97 (CI: 0.99–3.92) in the year 2007 and it increased (OR = 3.07; CI: 1.56–6.04) in the year 2013. Moreover, the odds of smoking among those exposed to tobacco smoke had increased (OR = 3.26; CI: 1.46–7.29 vs 5.43; CI: 1.63–18.07) from 2007 to 2013. Conclusion There was a decline in tobacco use, especially among female students. Male students were higher tobacco user. It appeared anti-smoking campaign and age restriction policies were working. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10623-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahammed
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Nasar U Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
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Impact of drug abuse on academic performance and physical health: a cross-sectional comparative study among university students in Bangladesh. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khan MMA, Rahman MM, Jeamin SS, Mustagir MG, Haque MR, Kaikobad MS. Psychosocial and socio-environmental factors associated with adolescents' tobacco and other substance use in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242872. [PMID: 33232381 PMCID: PMC7685447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana are the top three substances used by adolescents. The adverse health effects of these three substances are well documented in epidemiological literature, yet little is known about the substance use and associated factors among adolescents in Bangladesh. This study examines the risk factors for tobacco and other substances use among school-going adolescents in Bangladesh. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2014 Bangladesh Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) of adolescents aged 13-17 years. We used two outcome measures: tobacco use (TU) and other substance use (SU; alcohol and/or marijuana). We examined a set of reported psychosocial and socio-environmental adverse events as risk factors. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations. RESULTS The prevalence of TU and other SU among school-going adolescents was 9.6% and 2.3%, respectively. The likelihood of TU and other SU was higher among adolescents who reported being bullied (TU: adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-3.00; and other SU: AOR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.46-7.99) and having sexual history (TU: AOR: 19.38; 95% CI: 12.43-30.21; and other SU: AOR: 5.34; 95% CI: 2.17-13.29). Moreover, anxiety-related sleep loss was associated with adolescents' TU (AOR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.02-5.82) whereas the likelihood of other SU (AOR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.14-9.44) was higher among lonely adolescents. Experience of adverse socio-environmental factors, such as parental substance use (TU: AOR: 7.81; 95% CI: 5.08-12.01), poor monitoring (TU: AOR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.16-3.31) and poor understanding (TU: AOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.36-3.65), and lack of peer support (TU: AOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.84-5.31; and other SU: AOR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.02-5.91), and truancy (other SU: AOR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.81-10.12) were also positively associated with TU and/or other SU. Additionally, higher odds of tobacco use were observed among adolescents who reported 1 (AOR: 4.36 times; 95% CI: 1.34-14.24), 2 (AOR: 8.69 95% CI: 1.67-28.23), and ≥3 (AOR: 17.46; 95% CI: 6.20-49.23) adverse psychosocial experiences than who did not report any psychosocial events. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco and other substance use among school-going adolescents are prevalent in Bangladesh. Several psychosocial and socio-environmental events are associated with TU and other SU, which should be incorporated into adolescent substance use and health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mostaured Ali Khan
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- MEL and Research, Practical Action, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mosfequr Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda S. Jeamin
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Md. Golam Mustagir
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sharif Kaikobad
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Sheng Xiong P, Juan Xiong M, Xi Liu Z, Liu Y. Prevalence of smoking among adolescents in China: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2020; 182:26-31. [PMID: 32145409 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a major public health problem worldwide. Estimates for smoking prevalence among adolescents in different regions and in the whole of China are important for the development of public health policies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of smoking among youth in China. STUDY DESIGN This is a meta-analysis study. METHODS English (PubMed, EMBASE) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Internet, WANFANG Data, and CBM) databases were independently searched by two investigators from inception to May 2019. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of smoking. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019130803. RESULTS In total, 131 articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 146 studies, involving 684,370 Chinese participants. The total prevalence of smoking among youth in mainland China was 8.17% (95% confidence interval: 6.97-9.45). Subgroup analysis showed that the geographic location and gender could significantly influence the prevalence of smoking. Meta-regression analyses revealed study year, sex ratio (male, %), and response rates did not contribute to the heterogeneity of the results (P-value >0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were statistically stable. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that smoking is common among adolescents in China, and the rate varies between different regions. More practical and effective policies targeting adolescents are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sheng Xiong
- Zhanggong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, GanZhou City, JiangXi Province, China.
| | - M Juan Xiong
- Shenzhen Cancer Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Xi Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Liu
- Shangrao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shangrao, JiangXi Province, China
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Ranabhat CL, Kim CB, Park MB, Jakovljevic M(M. Situation, Impacts, and Future Challenges of Tobacco Control Policies for Youth: An Explorative Systematic Policy Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:981. [PMID: 31551784 PMCID: PMC6745506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco use in youths is a major public health challenge globally, and approaches to the challenge have not been sufficiently addressed. The existing policies for tobacco control are not well specified by age. Objective: Our study aims to systematically investigate existing tobacco control policies, potential impacts, and national and international challenges to control tobacco use targeting the youth. Data sources: We used the statistics of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), studies, and approaches of tobacco control policies targeting youth. Considering country, continent, age, and significance, PubMed, Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI), Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Google, and Google Scholar were searched. The related keywords were tobacco control, youth, smoking, smoking reduction policies, prevalence of tobacco use in youth, classification of tobacco control policies, incentives to prevent young people from using tobacco, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FTCT), etc. The search strategy was by timeline, specific and popular policies, reliability, significance, and applicability. Results: We found 122 studies related to this topic. There were 25 studies focusing on situation, significance, and theoretical aspects of tobacco control policies associated with youth; 41 studies on national population polices and challenges; and 7 studies for global challenges to overcome the youth tobacco epidemic. All national policies have been guided by WHO-MPOWER strategies. Increases in tobacco tax, warning signs on packaging, restriction of tobacco product advertisements, national law to discourage young people, and peer-based approaches to quit tobacco are popular policies. Smuggling of tobacco products by youth and ignorance of smokeless tobacco control approach are major challenges. Limitation: Our study was flexible for the standard age of youth and we were not able to include all countries in the world and most of the studies focused on smoking control rather than all smokeless tobaccos. Conclusion: The policies of tobacco control adopted by many countries are based on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control but not necessarily focused on youth. Due to the physical and economic burden of tobacco consumption by youth, this is a high priority that needs to be addressed. Youth-focused creative policies are necessary, and more priority must be given to tobacco prevention in youth. Tobacco control should be a social, public health, and quality-of-life concern rather than a business and trade issue. Implication of key findings: There is limited research on how and in what ways tobacco control policies reach young people and their engagement with these policies from physical, physiological, and psychological aspects. Analysis of these aspects, popular polices practiced in different countries, and creative strategies support the need to review current practices and future ways to discourage youth from tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
- Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Gerontology, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chun-Bae Kim
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Myung Bae Park
- Department of Gerontology, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic
- Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Division of Health Economics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mdege N, Fairhurst C, Ferdous T, Hewitt C, Huque R, Jackson C, Kellar I, Parrott S, Semple S, Sheikh A, Swami S, Siddiqi K. Muslim Communities Learning About Second-hand Smoke in Bangladesh (MCLASS II): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a community-based smoke-free homes intervention, with or without Indoor Air Quality feedback. Trials 2019; 20:11. [PMID: 30611292 PMCID: PMC6321715 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke (SHS) is a serious health hazard costing 890,000 lives a year globally. Women and children in many economically developing countries are worst affected as smoke-free laws are only partially implemented and homes remain a major source of SHS exposure. There is limited evidence on interventions designed to reduce SHS exposure in homes, especially in community settings. Following a successful pilot, a community-based approach to promote smoke-free homes in Bangladesh, a country with a strong commitment to smoke-free environments but with high levels of SHS exposure, will be evaluated. The study aims to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community-based intervention, Muslims for better Health (M4bH), with or without Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) feedback, in reducing non-smokers' exposure to SHS in the home. METHODS/DESIGN Based on behaviour-change theories, M4bH and IAQ feedback are designed to discourage people from smoking indoors. M4bH consists of a set of messages couched within mainstream Islamic discourse, delivered weekly by faith leaders (imams and khatibs) in mosques over 12 weeks (one message each week). The messages address key determinants of current smoking behaviours including lack of knowledge and misconceptions on specific harms associated with SHS exposure. IAQ feedback consists of personalised information on IAQ measured by a particulate matter (PM2.5) monitor within the home. Following adaptation of M4bH and IAQ feedback for the Bangladeshi context, a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in Dhaka. Forty-five mosques and 1800 households, with at least one smoker and one non-smoker, will be recruited. Mosques will be randomised to: M4bH and IAQ feedback; M4bH alone; or usual services only. The primary outcome is 24-h mean household concentration of indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 12 months post randomisation. Secondary outcomes are 24-h mean household PM2.5 at 3 months post randomisation, frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms, health care service use and quality of life. A cost-effectiveness analysis and process evaluation will also be conducted. DISCUSSION The MCLASS II trial will test the potential of a community-based intervention to reduce second-hand smoke exposure at home and improve lung health among non-smokers in Bangladesh and beyond. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN49975452 . Registered on 11 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Mdege
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Caroline Fairhurst
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Tarana Ferdous
- ARK Foundation, Suite C-3, C-4, House number 06, Road 109, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Catherine Hewitt
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Rumana Huque
- ARK Foundation, Suite C-3, C-4, House number 06, Road 109, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
- Department of Economics, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cath Jackson
- Valid Research Ltd, Sandown House, Sandbeck Way, Wetherby, LS22 7DN UK
| | - Ian Kellar
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Steve Parrott
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Shilpi Swami
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
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Tobacco control policies to promote awareness and smoke-free environments in residence and workplace to reduce passive tobacco smoking in Bangladesh and its correlates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198942. [PMID: 29920514 PMCID: PMC6007922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bangladesh is one of the highest tobacco consuming countries in the world, with reported 21.2% of the population as daily smokers, 24.3% as smokeless tobacco users, and 36.3% as adult passive smoker. Given the high prevalence and established harmful effects of passive tobacco smoking, this study aimed to estimate of pattern of smoking policies in residential and work place, and to identify the associated socio-economic and demographic correlates in Bangladesh. Data and methods Secondary data of sample size 9629 collected by the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2010 has been used. Along with descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression model has been used to analyze the socio-demographic and economic correlates to tobacco smoking policy. Results The prevalence of male and female passive tobacco smokers was 74.3% and 25.8% respectively. Among the passive tobacco smokers, 22.2% reported that smoking was allowed at their home and 29.8% reported that there was no such smoking policy at their home. Alternatively, 26.0% passive tobacco smokers reported that smoking was allowed and 27.5% reported that there was no such smoking policy at their work place. Logistic regression analysis indicated that for tobacco smokers group, the odds of allowing smoking at home was 4.85 times higher than the non-smoker respondent (OR = 4.85, 95% CI = 4.13, 5.71), 1.18 times more likely to be allowed at home in rural areas than urban areas (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06,1.32) and less for college/university completed and (or) higher educated respondent than no formal schooling (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.52). On the other hand, smoking was 1.70 times more likely to be allowed at work place for tobacco smokers than their counter part respondent (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.36, 2.14) and was less likely to be allowed for college/university completed and (or) higher educated respondent (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.45) than respondent with no formal schooling. Conclusion To reduce the passive smoking, lower educated people and people in urban areas should advocate more about the adverse effect of active and passive tobacco smoking. Also, smoking policy should reform introducing smoking zone at work places and residential buildings.
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Miguel-Aguilar CF, Rodríguez-Bolaños RDLÁ, Caballero M, Arillo-Santillán E, Reynales-Shigematsu LM. Fumar entre adolescentes: análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de factores psicosociales asociados con la decisión de fumar en escolares mexicanos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 59Suppl 1:63-72. [DOI: 10.21149/7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo. Analizar factores psicosociales asociados con la decisión de fumar en estudiantes de entre 13 y 15 años de edad en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística de la Encuesta de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes (n=945) y cuatro grupos focales (GF) en dos escuelas secundarias, realizada en 2011 y 2012. Resultados. Factores asociados a fumar: a) creer que es seguro (RM=2.4, IC95% 1.28-4.7), GF: capacidad de control sobre consumo y daños a largo plazo; b) tener al menos un padre fumador (RM=1.6, IC95% 1.1-2.3), GF: influyen para iniciar/mantener consumo; c) tener amigos fumadores (RM=5.0, IC95% 1.9-13.6), GF: influyen para experimentación/ repetición, escuelas sin normas sobre prohibición y tener acceso a cigarros (RM=2.1, IC95% 0.9-4.1). Factores protectores: a) creer que es dañino (RM=0.3, IC95% 0.14-0.65), GF: rechazo a convivencia con fumadores; b) comunicación con familia (RM=0.5, IC95% 0.36-0.91), GF: apelar al auto-cuidado; c) Considerarse joven para fumar (RM=0.2, IC95% 0.12-0.43), GF: conocimientos sobre daños y percepción de riesgo. Conclusión. Se deben fortalecer destrezas psicosociales positivas y el cumplimiento de legislación de protección a jóvenes.
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Barraclough S, Gleeson D. Why Packaging Is Commercially Vital for Tobacco Corporations. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 29:132-139. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539516688081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study analyses what British American Tobacco (BAT) and its 4 publicly listed Asian subsidiary companies have told their shareholders about the commercial value of tobacco packaging. The discourse on packaging in BAT annual reports was analyzed, revealing themes of modernization, rejuvenation, internationalism, heritage, innovation, value for money, and competitive edge. Packaging was credited with providing existing brands with a competitive edge and enabling the successful “launch” of new ones. Since advertising, sponsorship, and free samples were prohibited in many countries, packaging has become more important for advertising. New brands and brand variants have proliferated. BAT companies have allocated considerable resources to regularly altering packaging for marketing purposes. Clearly, restrictions on packaging will substantially detract from the promotion of the company’s brands. The findings provide further evidence from industry sources of the vital function of packaging and further justify plain packaging as an essential part of any comprehensive tobacco control policy.
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Auemaneekul N, Silpasuwan P, Sirichotiratana N, Satitvipawee P, Sompopcharoen M, Viwatwongkasem C, Sujirarat D. The Impact of Cigarette Plain Packaging on Health Warning Salience and Perceptions: Implications for Public Health Policy. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:848-59. [PMID: 26310869 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study employed a mixed methods design using focus group interviews with 6 student groups and self-administered questionnaires with 1239 students. The participants were nonsmoking, current smokers, and quit-smoking teenagers from secondary schools and colleges. Focus group revealed that although nonsmoking teenagers perceived fear appeals to warning messages, current smokers did not perceive fear appeals to health. Black and white backgrounds of the cigarette package were chosen as the best color for plain packaging. However, most participants suggested various pictorials and a bigger size of pictorial warnings for greater and more effective fear appeal. Odds ratio showed that males had 2.43 times the odds to perceive intention not to smoke. Teenagers who had never smoked and those who had quit smoking had 13.27 and 3.61 times the odds, respectively, to perceive intention not to smoke.
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Fischer F, Minnwegen M, Kaneider U, Kraemer A, Khan MMH. Prevalence and determinants of secondhand smoke exposure among women in Bangladesh, 2011. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17:58-65. [PMID: 25125322 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The population of Bangladesh is highly susceptible to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure due to high smoking rates and low awareness about the harmful effects of SHS. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure and highlight the essential determinants in developing successful strategies to prevent adverse health effects in Bangladesh. METHODS The analysis is based on the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2011, in which 17,749 women in the reproductive age group (12-49 years) were included. The information regarding SHS exposure at home was derived from the question: "How often does anyone smoke inside your house?" The variable was recoded into 3 groups: daily exposure, low exposure (exposed weekly, monthly, or less than monthly), and no SHS exposure. We performed descriptive and bivariable analyses and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 46.7% of the women reported high exposure to SHS at home. According to the multinomial logistic regression model, relatively lower education and lower wealth index were significantly associated with daily SHS exposure at home. The exposure differed significantly between the divisions of Bangladesh. Having children at home (vs. not) and being Islamic (compared to other religious affiliations) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that women from socioeconomically disadvantaged households are more likely to experience daily exposure to SHS at home. Therefore, especially these groups have to be targeted to reduce tobacco consumption. In addition to aspects of legislation, future strategies need to focus educational aspects to improve the population's health status in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fischer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Minnwegen
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kaneider
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Kraemer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Md Mobarak Hossain Khan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany
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Methodology of isfahan tobacco use prevention program: first phase. Adv Prev Med 2014; 2013:182170. [PMID: 24383007 PMCID: PMC3870653 DOI: 10.1155/2013/182170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable death. The majority of smokers begin using tobacco products at teen ages. The aims of this study were providing a methodology of Isfahan Tobacco Use Prevention Program and investigating the prevalence of tobacco use and its related factors. Method. It was a cross-sectional study among guidance and high school students in Isfahan province. Initiation, social, psychological (depression and self-efficacy), family, and attitudinal and belief factors and school policy toward smoking (cigarettes and water-pipe) were investigated. Saliva qutinin was given from 5% of participants for determination of accuracy of responses. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used for gathering all data. Results. Of all 5500 questionnaires distributed, about 5408 completed questionnaires were returned (with response rate of 98.3%). Of all participants, 2702 (50.0%) were girls and 2706 (50.0%) were boys. Respectively, 4811 (89.0%) and 597 (11.0%) were from urban and rural. Of all participants, 2445 (45.2%) were guidance school and 2962 (54.8%) were high school students. Conclusion. This study will provide a unique opportunity to study prevalence of smoking cigarettes and water-pipe (ghelyan) among guidance and high school students in Isfahan province and determine the role of initiation, social, psychological, family, and attitudinal and belief factors and school policy toward smoking.
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