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Yadav UN, Davis JM, Bennett-Brook K, Coombes J, Wyber R, Pearson O. Correction: A rapid review to inform the policy and practice for the implementation of chronic disease prevention and management programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in primary care. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:51. [PMID: 38671445 PMCID: PMC11046868 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Rosemary Wyber
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Odette Pearson
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Yadav UN, Davis JM, Bennett-Brook K, Coombes J, Wyber R, Pearson O. A rapid review to inform the policy and practice for the implementation of chronic disease prevention and management programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in primary care. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:34. [PMID: 38509612 PMCID: PMC10956197 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 35% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults live with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. There is a pressing need for chronic disease prevention and management among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesise a decade of contemporary evidence to understand the barriers and enablers of chronic disease prevention and management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People with a view to developing policy and practice recommendations. METHODS We systematically searched for peer-reviewed published articles between January 2014 to March 2023 where the search was performed using subject headings and keywords related to "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples," "Chronic Disease," and "Primary Health Care". Quality assessment for all included studies was conducted using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. The data were extracted and summarised using a conventional content analysis approach and applying strength-based approaches. RESULTS Database searches identified 1653 articles where 26 met inclusion criteria. Studies varied in quality, primarily reporting on 14 criteria of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. We identified six key domains of enablers and barriers of chronic disease prevention and management programs and implied a range of policy and practice options for improvement. These include culturally acceptable and safe services, patient-provider partnerships, chronic disease workforce, primary health care service attributes, clinical care pathways, and accessibility to primary health care services. This review also identified the need to address social and cultural determinants of health, develop the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous chronic disease workforce, support multidisciplinary teams through strengthening clinical care pathways, and engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in chronic disease prevention and management program design and delivery. CONCLUSION Enabling place-based partnerships to develop contextual evidence-guided strategies that align with community priorities and aspirations, with the provision of funding mechanisms and models of care through policy and practice reforms will strengthen the chronic disease prevention and management program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Rosemary Wyber
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Odette Pearson
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Talukder A, Sara SS, Khan ZI, Yadav UN, Mistry SK, Biswas T, Alam A, Ali MW, Jannat Z, Haseen F, Uddin MJ, Gray DJ, Ahmed T, Kelly M, Islam SMS, Sarma H. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in South-Asian Urban Communities: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data of South Asian countries. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:257-266. [PMID: 38049636 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension increases risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases, however, its prevalence and determinants in South Asian urban communities using country representative community-based datasets is lacking. This study evaluated prevalence of hypertension and it's determinants among urban residents of three South Asian countries. Urban population data from demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal were extracted. Hypertension prevalence was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/ 90 mmHg. Age, education, wealth, physical activity, alcohol, BMI were considered as risk factors associated with the increased risk of hypertension. We performed binary logistic regression and calculated adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess factors related to hypertension. Hypertension prevalence was 37.4% in India, 25.1% in Bangladesh and 18.4% in Nepal. Prevalence increased with age in all settings. Females had reduced odds of hypertension in Bangladesh (AOR 0.75; CI: 0.69, 0.81) and Nepal (AOR 0.62; CI: 0.54, 0.71), but higher risk in India (AOR 2.54; CI: 2.45, 2.63). Low education, caffeine consumption, obesity was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension in all three countries. Smokers had increased odds of hypertension in India (AOR 1.11; CI: 1.06, 1.15) and Nepal (AOR 1.23; 1.02, 1.47). Overall, hypertension prevalence is high in all three countries. Modifiable socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (education, wealth index, smoking status, caffeine consumption and BMI) associated with hypertension. Comprehensive hypertension pacific and sensitive interventions (including behavioral modification treatments and timely screening and access to health care) are urgently needed to prevent and control hypertension among urban populations in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Talukder
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
- Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Biswas
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariful Alam
- Health Nutrition, Population and Nutrition Program, BRAC, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Wazid Ali
- Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zerin Jannat
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68-Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Fariha Haseen
- Department of Public Health & Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68-Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Darren J Gray
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Matthew Kelly
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haribondhu Sarma
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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Yadav UN, Paudel G, Ghimire S, Khatiwada B, Gurung A, Parsekar SS, Mistry SK. A rapid review of opportunities and challenges in the implementation of social prescription interventions for addressing the unmet needs of individuals living with long-term chronic conditions. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:306. [PMID: 38279079 PMCID: PMC10821289 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with long-term chronic conditions often struggle to access and navigate complex health and social services. Social prescription (SP) interventions, a patient-centred approach, help individuals identify their holistic needs and increase access to non-clinical resources, thus leading to improved health and well-being. This review explores existing SP interventions for people with long-term chronic conditions and identifies the opportunities and challenges of implementing them in primary healthcare settings. METHODS This rapid review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines and searched relevant articles in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) by using subject headings and keywords combined with Boolean operators. The search encompassed articles published between January 2010 and June 2023. Two authors independently conducted study screening and data abstraction using predefined criteria. A descriptive synthesis process using content analysis was performed to summarise the literature. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included, with all but one conducted in the United Kingdom, and revealed that social prescribers help guide patients with long-term chronic conditions to various local initiatives related to health and social needs. Effective implementation of SP interventions relies on building strong relationships between social prescribers and patients, characterised by trust, empathy, and effective communication. A holistic approach to addressing the unmet needs of people with long-term chronic conditions, digital technology utilisation, competent social prescribers, collaborative healthcare partnerships, clinical leadership, and access to local resources are all vital components of successful SP intervention. However, the implementation of SP interventions faces numerous challenges, including accessibility and utilisation barriers, communication gaps, staffing issues, an unsupportive work environment, inadequate training, lack of awareness, time management struggles, coordination and collaboration difficulties, and resource constraints. CONCLUSION The present review emphasises the importance of addressing the holistic needs of people with long-term chronic conditions through collaboration and coordination, training of social prescribers, community connections, availability of local resources, and primary care leadership to ensure successful interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient health and well-being outcomes. This study calls for the need to develop or utilise appropriate tools that can capture people's holistic needs, as well as an implementation framework to guide future contextual SP interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Well-Being Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Grish Paudel
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Ashmita Gurung
- Department of Public Health, Torres University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shradha S Parsekar
- Independent Freelance Consultant, Goa, India
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Shrestha A, Ghimire S, Kinney J, Mehta R, Mistry SK, Saito S, Rayamajhee B, Sharma D, Mehta S, Yadav UN. The role of family support in the self-rated health of older adults in eastern Nepal: findings from a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38178009 PMCID: PMC10768249 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal's low fertility rate and increasing life expectancy have resulted in a burgeoning older population. For millennia, filial piety shaped family cohesion and helped Nepali older adults achieve positive outcomes, but recently, it has been eroding. Furthermore, there are not enough institutional support options or alternatives to family-based care to deal with the biosocial needs of older adults. This study explored the association between family support and self-rated health among Nepali older adults. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional survey in eastern Nepal's two districts, Sunsari and Morang, interviewed 847 older adults (≥ 60 years). The final analytical sample was 844. Participants were asked whether they received assistance with various aspects of daily life and activities of daily living from their families. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between family support and self-rated health. RESULTS Participants who received support with various aspects of daily life had 43% higher odds of good health, but after adjusting for control variables, the result only approached statistical significance (p = 0.087). Those who received family assistance with activities of daily living had nearly four times higher odds (OR: 3.93; 95% CI: 2.58 - 5.98) of reporting good health than participants who lacked this support. CONCLUSIONS Given the important role of family support in Nepali older adults' health, government programs and policies should create a conducive environment to foster family-based care until more comprehensive policies for older adults' care can be put into effect. The results of this study can also help shape the global aging environment by highlighting the need for family support in older care, particularly in low-income nations with declining traditional care systems and weak social security policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Shrestha
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Kinney
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Ranju Mehta
- Little Buddha College of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shoko Saito
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deepak Sharma
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Suresh Mehta
- Koshi Province Ministry of Health, Biratnagar, Koshi, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Anwar A, Ali AM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Rizwan AAM, Parray AA, Sarma H, Halima O, Saha N, Shuvo SD, Mondal PK, Shamim AA, Mistry SK. Promotion of livelihood opportunities to address food insecurity in Rohingya refugee camps of Bangladesh. Glob Public Health 2024; 19:2295446. [PMID: 38118127 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2295446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The world is facing a tremendous problem in the form of food insecurity that is posing a great challenge to achieving sustainable development goal 2 of creating a hunger-free world. Refugees and displaced populations are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition, who lack any productive assets and depend on aid. Rohingya refugees, displaced from Myanmar and took refuge in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, live in a crowded unhealthy environment and are severely vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition. In our recent study, we found that only 21.6% of the households in Rohingya refugee camps had acceptable food security status. Interestingly, this study further revealed that acceptable food security status was significantly higher among the households that had some additional income aside from aid, compared to those relying on aid alone. This shows the importance of promoting livelihood opportunities to improve food security status among the camp dwellers. In this paper, we presented our views on promoting livelihood opportunities to address the overwhelming food insecurity crisis among the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Anwar
- Rohingya Response Crisis, World Vision Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ateeb Ahmad Parray
- Health Systems Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Haribondhu Sarma
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Oumma Halima
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nobonita Saha
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abu Ahmed Shamim
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Ghimire S, Anwar A, Huda MN, Khanam F, Mahumud RA, Parray AA, Bhattacharjee S, Lim D, Harris MF. The burden of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among older adults in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294889. [PMID: 38015967 PMCID: PMC10684086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to measure the prevalence of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted during September and October 2021 among 1,045 Bangladeshi older adults (≥60 years). Telephone interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, were undertaken to collect data on participants' characteristics and level of frailty. The non-disabled frailty was measured using the 'Frail Non-Disabled (FiND)' questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the factors associated with frailty among the participants. RESULTS Around a quarter of the participants (24.8%) were frail. The multinomial regression analysis showed that older participants aged ≥80 years (RRR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.41-7.37) were more likely to be frail compared to participants aged 60-69 years. Likewise, the participants living in a large family with ≥4 members (RRR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.92) were more likely to be frail compared to those living in smaller families. Also, participants having memory or concentration problems (RRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.12-2.17) were more likely to be frail compared to those who were not suffering from these problems. Moreover, participants whose family members were non-responsive to their day-to-day assistance (RRR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.06-2.03) were more likely to be frail compared to those whose family members were responsive. Furthermore, participants who were feeling lonely (RRR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.98) were more likely to be frail than their counterparts who were not feeling lonely. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest developing tailored interventions to address the burden of frailty among the older populations in Bangladesh. In particular, providing long-term care and health promotion activities can be of value in preventing frailty and reducing adverse health outcomes among this vulnerable population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Afsana Anwar
- Rohingya Response Crisis, World Vision Bangladesh, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fouzia Khanam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ateeb Ahmad Parray
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Shovon Bhattacharjee
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Lim
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Fort Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Nunan D, Bashir K, Bilimoria K, Birdi J, Campbell F, Dean R, Downer MB, Costa GG, Golob MM, Heintzman A, Howe MS, Karunananthan S, Kurup KK, Leinberger-Jabari A, Luo Y, Mathe N, Miguel RTD, Morrow RL, Scobie C, South V, Stavisky J, Yadav UN. Ten resources for understanding bias in health research: EBM live workshop 2022. BMJ Evid Based Med 2023; 28:337-340. [PMID: 37479244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Nunan
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kainat Bashir
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krish Bilimoria
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Toronto, Ontario, UK
| | | | - Fiona Campbell
- Population Health Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel Dean
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew B Downer
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel Gonçalves Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melanie M Golob
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angille Heintzman
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Steven Howe
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Sathya Karunananthan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Leinberger-Jabari
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nonsikelelo Mathe
- Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Richard L Morrow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Anwar A, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Das S, Rosenbaum S, Ali ARMM, Mondal PK, Rizwan AAM, Hossain SFA, Das Shuvo S, Mistry SK. Anxiety and Stress Related to COVID-19 Among the Community Dwelling Older Adults Residing in the Largest Refugee Camp of the World. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1181-1192. [PMID: 36879112 PMCID: PMC9988202 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The current cross-sectional study was conducted among 864 older adults aged ≥ 60 years residing in Rohingya refugee camp through face-to-face interviews during November-December 2021. COVID-19-related anxiety was measured using the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and perceived stress using the 10-point Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The linear regression model identified the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress. The prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress was 68% and 93%, respectively. The average COVID-19-related anxiety score expected to be significantly higher among those who were physically inactive, concerned about COVID-19, had a close friend/family member diagnosed with COVID-19, and had some difficulty in getting food and routine medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the average perceived stress score was expected to be significantly higher among those without partners, who were feeling overwhelmed by COVID-19, and who experienced COVID-19-related anxiety during the pandemic. The findings suggest providing immediate psychosocial support to older Rohingya adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Anwar
- Health and Nutrition, Social Assistance &Amp; Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Link Road, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Probal Kumar Mondal
- Health and Nutrition, Social Assistance &Amp; Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Link Road, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ansar Md Rizwan
- Health and Nutrition, Social Assistance &Amp; Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Link Road, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | | | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Qasim R, Farooqui WA, Rahman A, Haroon R, Saleem M, Rafique M, Noor F, Ghani A, Yaqoob M, Yadav UN, Yousafzai MT. Community centred co-design methodology for designing and implementing socio-behavioural interventions to counter COVID-19 related misinformation among marginalized population living in the squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan: a methodology paper. BMC Proc 2023; 17:15. [PMID: 37438805 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-023-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misinformation regarding COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination is damaging COVID-19 vaccine trust and acceptance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Identification of misinformation and designing locally acceptable solutions are needed to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to utilize community-led co-design methodology to evaluate misinformation regarding COVID-19 and develop contextual interventions to address misinformation in a marginalized peri urban slum communities of Landhi town Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS This study was conducted between January and December 2021, in marginalized peri-urban slum dwellers of Muslimabad Colony, Landhi Town Karachi, Pakistan. We used a community-centred co-design methodology embedded within mixed study design to identify misinformation, co-design, test and implement locally acceptable solutions. The co-design methodology involved five stages of the design thinking model: (1) Empathize, (2) Define, (3) Ideate, (4) Prototype, and (5) Test. The project involved active engagement and participation of wide range of stakeholders and community beneficiaries (end users) including local EPI vaccinators, informal healthcare workers, religious leaders (male and female), schoolteachers (male and female), local government representatives, community leaders, housewives, youth, and general population. To develop a trusting relationship, and understand local culture, values, practices, and traditions, we allowed one month of observation period (observe, engage, watch, and listen) in the beginning, followed by door-to-door survey along with focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) at baseline. Co-design workshops (separate for male and female) were conducted at each stage of co-design methodology to design and test locally acceptable solutions. CONCLUSION Community-centred co-design methodology was not only successful in designing, testing, and evaluating locally acceptable solutions but it also actively engaged and empowered the marginalized population living in peri urban slum communities of Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Qasim
- Dow Institute of Nursing & Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | - Atiya Rahman
- Indus College of Medical Technology & Allied Health, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Haroon
- Dow Institute of Nursing & Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Saleem
- Dow Institute of Nursing & Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafique
- Indus College of Nursing & Midwifery, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Noor
- Indus College of Nursing & Midwifery, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Ghani
- Dept. of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- Dow Institute of Nursing & Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mohammad T Yousafzai
- Dept. of Pediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Yadav UN, Smith M, Agostino J, Sinka V, Williamson L, Wyber R, Butler DC, Belfrage M, Freeman K, Passey M, Walke E, Hammond B, Lovett R, Douglas KA. Understanding the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia: a realist review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071234. [PMID: 37344121 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Regular structured, comprehensive health assessments are available to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as annual health checks funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule. This realist review aims to identify context-specific enablers and tensions and contribute to developing an evidence framework to guide the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The review will involve the following steps: (1) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander engagement and research governance; (2) defining the scope of the review; (3) search strategy; (4) screening, study selection and appraisal; (5) data extraction and organisation of evidence; (6) data synthesis and drawing conclusions. This realist review will follow the Realist and MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards guidance and will be reported as set up by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement. The realist programme theory will be developed through a literature review using multiple database searches from 1 November 1999 to 31 June 2022, limited to the English language, and stakeholder consultation, which will be refined throughout the review process. The study findings will be reported by applying the context-mechanism-outcome configuration to gain a deeper understanding of context and underlying mechanisms that influence the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required as this review will be using secondary data. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The review protocol has been registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42022326697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Aborginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Smith
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jason Agostino
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Victoria Sinka
- Centre for Kidney Research, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leonie Williamson
- National Centre for Aborginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rosemary Wyber
- National Centre for Aborginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle C Butler
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- The Institute for Urban Indigenous Health, Windsor, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary Belfrage
- Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Freeman
- Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Passey
- University Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Walke
- University Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Hammond
- Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond Lovett
- National Centre for Aborginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Douglas
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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12
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Anwar A, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Rifat MA, Ali AM, Mondal PK, Rizwan AAM, Shuvo SD, Mistry SK. Prevalence and determinants of self-reported functional status among older adults residing in the largest refugee camp of the world. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 37264327 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The older adults of refugee camps might be vulnerable to exhibiting limited functional abilities because of the limited resources available to create a supportive environment for older population in the camps. This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinants of self-reported functional status among the older adults residing in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 864 older adults aged 60 years and above living in five selected sub-camps of Rohingya refugee camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of the participants between November-December 2021. Functional status was measured using the Barthel Index. Information on participants' sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported chronic diseases and lifestyle characteristics were also collected. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the factors associated with self-reported functional abilities among the participants. RESULTS The overall percentage of people having limited self-reported functional ability was 26.5% (male: 22.6% and female: 31.5%) with inability most found in grooming (33.2%), bathing (31.8%), stair using (13.2%) and mobility (10.7%). In the final adjusted model, having age of 80 years or more (aOR = 2.01,95% CI: 1.08,3.75), being female (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04,2.0), having low memory or concentration (aOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.30,2.56), loneliness (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI:1.74,4.80) and living with aid alone (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.74,4.80) were found to be associated with self-reported limited functional ability. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the need for attention from policymakers and public health practitioners on addressing functional limitations among older adults residing in the Rohingya refugee camp. Our findings emphasize the need for the development of comprehensive interventions that can address the wider unmet needs (e.g., ensuring family/caregiver support, engaging in social and physical activities, providing nutritional support packages, etc.) to improve the health and well-being of older Rohingya adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Anwar
- Social Assistance and Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Link Road, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New Sotuh Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, 2560, Australia
| | - M A Rifat
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Arm Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Probal Kumar Mondal
- Social Assistance and Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Link Road, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ansar Md Rizwan
- Social Assistance and Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Link Road, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New Sotuh Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallet St, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.
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13
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Banks E, Haynes A, Lovett R, Yadav UN, Agostino J. Output-orientated policy engagement: a model for advancing the use of epidemiological evidence in health policy. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:6. [PMID: 36647155 PMCID: PMC9843894 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of epidemiological research in policy and practice is suboptimal, contributing to significant preventable morbidity and mortality. Barriers to the use of research evidence in policy include lack of research-policy engagement, lack of policy-relevant research, differences in policymaker and researcher practice norms, time constraints, difficulties in coordination, and divergent languages and reward systems. APPROACH AND OUTCOMES In order to increase policy-relevant research and research uptake, we developed the output-orientated policy engagement (OOPE) model, in Australia. It integrates a foundational approach to engagement with cycles of specific activity focused around selected research outputs. Foundational elements include measures to increase recognition and valuing of policymaker expertise, emphasis on policy uptake, policy awareness of the research group's work, regular policy engagement and policy-relevant capacity-building. Specific activities include (i) identification of an "output"-usually at draft stage-and program of work which are likely to be of interest to policymakers; (ii) initial engagement focusing on sharing "preview" evidence from this output, with an invitation to provide input into this and to advise on the broader program of work; and (iii) if there is sufficient interest, formation of a researcher-policy-maker partnership to shape and release the output, as well as inform the program of work. This cycle is repeated as the relationship continues and is deepened. As well as supporting policy-informed evidence generation and research-aware policymakers, the output-orientated model has been found to be beneficial in fostering the following: a pragmatic starting place for researchers, in often large and complex policy environments; purposeful and specific engagement, encouraging shared expectations; non-transactional engagement around common evidence needs, whereby researchers are not meeting with policymakers with the expectation of receiving funding; built-in translation; time and resource efficiency; relationship-building; mutual learning; policy-invested researchers and research-invested policy-makers; and tangible policy impacts. A case study outlines how the output-orientated approach supported researcher-policymaker collaboration to generate new evidence regarding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular disease risk and to apply this to national guidelines. CONCLUSION Output-orientated policy engagement provides a potentially useful pragmatic model to catalyse and support partnerships between researchers and policymakers, to increase the policy-relevance and application of epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Banks
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Abby Haynes
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XInstitute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ray Lovett
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Jason Agostino
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU, Canberra, ACT Australia ,National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, Canberra, ACT Australia
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Shrestha A, Karmacharya I, Ghimire S, Mehta R, Yadav UN. FAMILY DEPENDENCE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SELF-REPORTED HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN EASTERN NEPAL. Innov Aging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Historically, filial piety (caring for one’s parents) has been prevalent in Nepal. The demographic transition has resulted in a burgeoning population of older adults, but limited institutional support is available to address their socio-economical and health needs. As such, the family has remained the paramount source of support to meet the health, social and economic needs of Nepali older adults. In this study, we explored the relationship between family dependency (conceptualized as the source of family support) and self-reported health among Nepali older adults. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in two districts (Sunsari and Morang) of eastern Nepal. Using a multistage cluster random sampling design 847 older adults (≥ 60 years) were interviewed. Self-reported health was assessed in terms of a five-item Likert scale dichotomized into poor and good health. Two independent variables of interest were dependency on family for living and for daily activities. Binary logistic regression drew the inferences while adjusting for important confounders. About 29.4% of the participants reported poor health, 77% reported dependency on family for living and 46% reported dependency for daily activities. Those dependent on family for living had 46% higher odds of good health but the statistical significance was lost after adjusting for control variables. Likewise, those dependent on family for daily activities were three times more likely (OR: 3.22; 95%CI: 2.15 - 4.83) to report good health than their counterparts after controlling for confounders. Our findings emphasize the importance of family support for the health of older adults in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ranju Mehta
- Little Buddha College of Health Science , Kathmandu, Bagmati , Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- The Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory , Australia
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15
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Qasim R, Shah H, Sultan A, Yaqoob M, Haroon R, Mistry SK, Bestman A, Yousafzai MT, Yadav UN. Exploring the beliefs and experiences with regard to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in a slum of Karachi, Pakistan. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6775365. [PMID: 36300701 PMCID: PMC9620344 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19-related misinformation and vaccine hesitancy is a widespread global concern and a recognized public health problem in Pakistan. The current research sought to explore the beliefs and experiences with regard to COVID-19, including vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, in a slum of Karachi, Pakistan. This study used an interpretivist epistemological approach for data collection and employed in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the themes of interest. IDIs and FDGs were conducted in the local language (Pashtu) and Urdu, using semi-structured interview guides. A hybrid thematic analysis approach (use of both inductive and deductive coding) was used to analyze the data. We identified two key themes: the first related to vaccine hesitancy and refusal and included the role of personal belief systems, vaccine mistrust and public perceptions in hesitancy; the second related to vaccine acceptance and included knowledge and awareness about the vaccine and trusted sources of information. Religious beliefs and cultural norms influenced attitudes toward COVID-19 and vaccination. This study also found that awareness about the COVID-19 vaccine in this sample was influenced by sex, educational status and socioeconomic status. Participants with good health literacy and those from healthcare backgrounds were more likely to share views that indicated vaccine acceptance. The findings of this study are being used to co-design a comprehensive intervention to dispel COVID-19 misinformation and vaccine hesitancy across a range of stakeholders such as youths, community leaders, family members, faith leaders, schools and community-based local organizations in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Qasim
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Hakim Shah
- Indus College of Nursing and Midwifery , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sultan
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Haroon
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales , Sydney Australia
| | - Amy Bestman
- The George Institute for Global Health , Sydney , Australia
| | - Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney , Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales , Sydney Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT , Canberra , Australia
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16
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Das S, Akter N, Huda MN, Hadisuyatmana S, Rahman S, Lim D, Rahman MM. COVID-19 related anxiety and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study on older adults in Bangladesh. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:737. [PMID: 36443729 PMCID: PMC9702614 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in serious mental health conditions, particularly among older adults. This research explored the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and its associated factors among older adults residing in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,045 older Bangladeshi adults aged ≥ 60 years through telephone interviews in September 2021. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data on participants' characteristics and COVID-19-related anxiety. The anxiety level was measured using the Bengali version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). A linear regression model explored the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety was 23.2%. The regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly higher among females (β: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.81), and among those who faced difficulty getting medicine (β: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.97), felt isolated (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.95), and felt requiring additional care during the pandemic (β: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.91). Alternatively, the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly lower among those who were widowed (β: -0.46, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.04) and living distant from the health centre (β: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.17). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest providing immediate psychosocial support package to the older adults, particularly females and those who are vulnerable to receive health and social care support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - ARM Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Sukanta Das
- grid.443106.40000 0004 4684 0312Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Akter
- grid.414142.60000 0004 0600 7174 Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719 School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia
| | - Setho Hadisuyatmana
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XThe Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Sajedur Rahman
- grid.492922.6Save the Children in Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - David Lim
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719 School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Khanam F, Huda MN. Changes in loneliness prevalence and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277247. [PMID: 36331941 PMCID: PMC9635750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Worldwide, loneliness is one of the most common psychological phenomena among older adults, adversely affecting their physical and mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of loneliness in the two timeframes (first and second waves of COVID-19 in Bangladesh) and identify its correlates in pooled data. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021), overlapping with the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The survey was conducted remotely through telephone interviews among 2077 (1032 in the 2020-survey and 1045 in the 2021-survey) older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness was measured using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with loneliness in pooled data. Results We found a decline in the loneliness prevalence among the participants in two survey rounds (51.5% in 2021 versus 45.7% in 2020; P = 0.008), corresponding to 33% lower odds in the 2021-survey (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84). Still, nearly half of the participants were found to be lonely in the latest survey. We also found that, compared to their respective counterparts, the odds of loneliness were significantly higher among the participants without a partner (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.20–2.08), with a monthly family income less than 5000 BDT (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58–3.47), who lived alone (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.34–3.51), with poor memory or concentration (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23–2.03), and suffering from non-communicable chronic conditions (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.95). Various COVID-19-related characteristics, such as concern about COVID-19 (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.94–1.73), overwhelm by COVID-19 (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.06), difficulty earning (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.54–2.59), and receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.61–2.68), and perception that the participants required additional care during the pandemic (AOR 2.93, 95% CI 2.27–3.79) were also associated with significantly higher odds of loneliness. However, the odds of loneliness were significantly lower among the participants with formal schooling (AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.89) and with a family of more than four members (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96). Conclusions The current study found a decreased prevalence of loneliness among Bangladeshi older adults during the ongoing pandemic. However, the prevalence is still very high. The findings suggest the need for mental health interventions that may include improving social interactions increasing opportunities for meaningful social connections with family and community members and providing psychosocial support to the vulnerable population including older adults during the pandemic. It also suggests that policymakers and public health practitioners should emphasise providing mental health services at the peripheral level where the majority of older adults reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Fouzia Khanam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia
- The School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Gurung A, Khatiwada B, Kayastha B, Parsekar S, Mistry SK, Yadav UN. Effectiveness of Zingiber Officinale(ginger) compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and complementary therapy in primary dysmenorrhoea: A systematic review. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Khatiwada B, Rajbhandari B, Mistry SK, Parsekar S, Yadav UN. Prevalence of and factors associated with health literacy among people with Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asian countries: A systematic review. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Khanam F, Huda MN, Lim D, Chowdhury ABMA, Sarma H. Changes in Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Reported Hypertension among Bangladeshi Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13475. [PMID: 36294058 PMCID: PMC9603322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the changes in the prevalence and determinants of self-reported hypertension among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021), overlapping the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The survey was conducted through telephone interviews among Bangladeshi older adults aged 60 years and above. The prevalence of hypertension was measured by asking a question about whether a doctor or health professional told the participants that they have hypertension or high blood pressure and/or whether they are currently using medication to control it. We also collected information on the socio-economic characteristics of the participants, their cognitive ability, and their COVID-19-related attributes. A total of 2077 older adults with a mean age of 66.7 ± 6.4 years participated in the study. The samples were randomly selected on two successive occasions from a pre-established registry developed by the ARCED Foundation. Thus, the sample in the 2021-survey (round two; n = 1045) was not the same as that in the 2020-survey (round one; n = 1031) but both were drawn from the same population. The findings revealed that the prevalence of hypertension significantly increased across the two periods (43.7% versus 56.3%; p = 0.006). The odds of hypertension were 1.34 times more likely in round two than in the round one cohort (AOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70). We also found that having formal schooling, poorer memory or concentration, and having had received COVID-19 information were all associated with an increased risk of hypertension in both rounds (p < 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest providing immediate support to ensure proper screening, control, and treatment of hypertension among older adults in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - ARM Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Fouzia Khanam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - David Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | | | - Haribondhu Sarma
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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21
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Das Gupta R, Anwar A, Basu S, Huda MN, Mitra DK. A tale of osteoarthritis among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A repeated cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274838. [PMID: 36126037 PMCID: PMC9488814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to restrictions in social gatherings imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and other daily activities were limited among the older adults. The present study aimed to estimate the change in osteoarthritis prevalence among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone interviews among older adults aged 60 years and above on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The prevalence of osteoarthritis was measured by asking the participants if they had osteoarthritis or joint pain problems. Results A total of 2077 participants (1032 in 2020-survey and 1045 in 2021-survey) participated in the study. The prevalence of self-reported joint pains or osteoarthritis significantly increased from 45.3% in 2020 to 54.7% in 2021 (P = 0.006), with an increasing odd in the adjusted analysis (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.54). We also found that osteoarthritis prevalence significantly increased among the participants from the Chattogram and Mymensingh divisions, aged 60–69 years, males, married, rural residents, and living with a family. A significant increase was also documented among those who received formal schooling, had a family income of 5000–10000 BDT, resided with a large family, were unemployed or retired, and lived away from a health facility. Conclusions Our study reported a significant increased prevalence of osteoarthritis among older adults from 2020 to 2021 during this pandemic in Bangladesh. This study highlights the need for the development and implementation of initiatives for the screening and management of osteoarthritis through a primary health care approach during any public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rajat Das Gupta
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Afsana Anwar
- Health and Nutrition, Social Assistance &, Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), SARPV Complex, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health–Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dipak Kumar Mitra
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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22
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Rahman MM, Saha M, Rahman MA, Lim D, Ghimire S. Stigma toward people with COVID-19 among Bangladeshi older adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:982095. [PMID: 36176510 PMCID: PMC9514800 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.982095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its overwhelming physical and mental health burden can result in stigmatization toward the disease and those affected. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of COVID-19-related stigma and its associated factors among older people in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,045 Bangladeshi older adults aged 60 years and above through telephone interviews in September 2021. The outcome was measured using an eight-point Stigma Scale, adapted to the Bengali language. Level of stigma was indicated by the cumulative score of the eight-items, ranging from 0 to 8, with a higher score indicating a higher level of stigma. On average, participants had stigmas on three of the eight items, and 62.6% had a high stigma score. The most prevalent stigmas were as follows: COVID-19 is a punishment from God (79.3%), patients with previous COVID-19 must be isolated (67.3%), and people infected with COVID-19 did not meet hygiene standards (63.9%). Participants who lived in rural areas (β: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.95) and who perceived needing additional care during the pandemic (β: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.60) had a higher average stigma score, whereas stigma scores were lower among unemployed/retired participants (β: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.45 to 0.00). The study findings suggest implementing interventions to raise awareness through appropriate health literacy interventions and mass media campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Md. Mahmudur Rahman
- Research, Monitoring and Information Management Organization/Institutions, Deep Eye Care Foundation, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Manika Saha
- Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David Lim
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Ghimire S, Saha M, Sarwar S, Harris MF. Loneliness and its correlates among Bangladeshi older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15020. [PMID: 36056090 PMCID: PMC9438873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness and its associated factors among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 among 1032 older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above through telephone interviews. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on participants' characteristics and COVID-19-related information. Meanwhile, the level of loneliness was measured using a 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. More than half (51.5%) of the older adults experienced loneliness. We found that participants formally schooled [adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.88)] and received COVID-19-related information from health workers (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.49) had lower odds of being lonely during the pandemic. However, older adults living alone (aOR: 2.57, 95% CI 1.34-4.94), residing distant from a health facility (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.08) and in rural areas (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.23) had higher odds of loneliness than their counterparts. Likewise, odds of loneliness were higher among those overwhelmed by COVID-19 (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.29-2.86), who faced difficulty in earning (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.18-2.67) and receiving routine medical care during pandemic (aOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.78-4.87), and those perceiving requiring additional care during the pandemic (aOR = 6.01, 95% CI 3.80-9.49). The findings suggest that policies and plans should be directed to reduce loneliness among older adults who require additional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Medona Tower, Bir Uttam AK Khandakar Road, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Manika Saha
- Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3145, Australia
| | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark F Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Parajuli R, Bohara D, KC M, Shanmuganathan S, Mistry SK, Yadav UN. Challenges and opportunities for implementing digital health interventions in Nepal: A rapid review. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:861019. [PMID: 36120714 PMCID: PMC9480345 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.861019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent times, digital technologies in health care have been well recognized in Nepal. It is crucial to understand what is works well and areas that need improvements in the digital health ecosystem. This rapid review was carried out to provide an overview of Nepal's challenges and opportunities for implementing digital health interventions. Methods This study is reported according to PRISMA guidelines and used telehealth, telemedicine, e-health, mobile health, digital health, implementation, opportunities, challenges and Nepal as key search terms to identify primary studies published between 1 January 2010 and 30 December 2021 in four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and CINAHL. Initially, identified studies were screened against predetermined selection criteria, and data were extracted, and the findings were narratively synthesized. Result The review identified various challenges, opportunities, and benefits of implementing digital health initiatives in Nepal. The most expressed challenge was inadequate technical facilities (lack of electricity and internet) and rugged geographical distribution, which makes transportation difficult in hilly and mountain areas. Shortage of skilled workforce and supportive policies were also notable challenges documented. Meanwhile, major opportunities identified were education and training of the students and health practitioners and increasing awareness among the general population. Conclusion This review identified various factors associated with the successful implementation of digital health initiatives in Nepal. Our findings may guide the formulation of digital health policy and interventions to improve mass health outcomes using digital health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojina Parajuli
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dipak Bohara
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Malati KC
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Selvanaayagam Shanmuganathan
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine,, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine,, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia
- Correspondence: Uday N Yadav
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Patil DS, Bailey A, Yadav UN, George S, Helbich M, Ettema D, Ashok L. Contextual factors influencing the urban mobility infrastructure interventions and policies for older adults in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1489. [PMID: 35927657 PMCID: PMC9354419 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation is among the key aspects that influence active ageing. This realist review intends to understand the mechanisms of urban mobility infrastructure interventions and policies in low- and middle-income countries for older adults and to identify factors, which influenced the success or failure of interventions. We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for a realist review. Electronic databases were searched from inception until August 2020. Studies were screened based on titles, abstracts and full text. The quality of included studies was assessed based on rigour and relevance. The evidence was obtained from 36 articles with diverse study designs conducted in 36 low- and middle-income countries. Findings were validated through stakeholder consultations from three low- and middle-income countries. Of the various individual factors identified, behaviour change communication interventions were low-cost, had a long-term impact and were efficient in increasing awareness among users to improve safety, social inclusion and about transport schemes for older adults. Improved transport infrastructure resulted in a shift from private to public transportation. For a sustainable urban transport infrastructure, good governance and involvement of stakeholders for planning and implementing transport interventions were considered necessary. Lack of evaluation, experience of transport planners, and inter-sectoral coordination were key challenges to successful interventions. The review highlighted a lack of older adult-specific transportation policies, and gender-targeted interventions for older women, suggesting a need for interventions and policies based on the contextual factors existing in a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sussana Patil
- Transdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Methods, Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Ajay Bailey
- Transdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Methods, Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sobin George
- Centre for Study of Social Change and Development, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Ettema
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Ashok
- MSW Program, Department of Global Health, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Balakrishnan S, Karmacharya I, Ghimire S, Mistry SK, Singh DR, Yadav OP, Gudi N, Rawal LB, Yadav UN. Prevalence of multimorbidity and its correlates among older adults in Eastern Nepal. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:425. [PMID: 35570271 PMCID: PMC9109315 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of people with multimorbidity is surging around the world. Although multimorbidity has been introduced in policy and practice in developed countries, developing countries like Nepal have not considered it as a matter of public health urgency due to the lack of enough epidemiological data. Multimorbidity profoundly affects older adults’ wellbeing; therefore, it is crucial to estimate its prevalence and determinants. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in Eastern Nepal and identify its correlates. Methodology A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three districts of Eastern Nepal. Data were collected between July and September 2020, among 847 Nepali older adults, aged 60 and older, where study participants were recruited through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the community settings to collect data. Logistic regression assessed correlates of multimorbidity. SAS 9.4 was used to run all statistical tests and analyses. Results More than half (66.5%) of the participants had at least one of the five non-communicable chronic conditions; hypertension (31.6%), osteoarthritis (28.6%), chronic respiratory disease (18.0%), diabetes (13.5%), and heart disease (5.3%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 22.8%. In the adjusted model, increased age (for 70–79 years, OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.87–5.18; for 80 + years, OR: 4.19, 95% CI: 2.32–7.57), those without a partner (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.00–2.30), residing in urban areas (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.51), and distant from health center (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.04–2.64) were significantly associated with multimorbidity. Conclusions This study found one in five study participants had multimorbidity. The findings will assist policymakers and stakeholders in understanding the burden of multimorbidity among the older population and identifying the groups in most need of health promotion intervention. Future interventions may include developing horizontal multimorbid approaches and multisectoral strategies specifically tailored to meet the needs of those populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isha Karmacharya
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Devendra Raj Singh
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | - Nachiket Gudi
- Public Health Evidence South Asia (PHESA), Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lal Bahadur Rawal
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Sydney, Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. .,Centre for Research Policy and Implementation (CRPIN), Biratnagar, Nepal.
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Mistry SK, Ali AM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Parray AA, Mahumud RA, Mitra D. COVID-19 vaccination coverage is extremely low among older population in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2030624. [PMID: 35176969 PMCID: PMC8993133 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021 among 1,045 Bangladeshi older adults aged 60 years or above to explore the COVID-19 vaccination coverage and its associated factors. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on participants' sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, and COVID-19 related information (selected based on an extensive literature review). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify the factors independently associated with vaccine receipt. Nearly, two-thirds of the participants (64.5%) were unvaccinated and 12.5% received a single dose. Among the unvaccinated, approximately 94% reported that there was a problem in accessing the vaccine. We found that participants with formal schooling had 42% lower risk of being unvaccinated (RRR (Relative Risk Ratio) = 0.58, 95% CI 0.42-0.80) or 39% lower risk of receiving a single dose (RRR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.96) than the participants having no formal schooling. The middle family monthly income groups had 65% higher risk (RRR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.17-2.32) and rural participants had 84% higher risk (RRR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.26-2.70) of not receiving vaccines compared to their counterparts. Also, the participants with non-communicable chronic conditions had a significantly lower risk of being unvaccinated (RRR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.35-0.68) or receiving a single dose (RRR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.77) compared to their counterparts. This finding may help strengthen the existing efforts to maximize vaccine coverage among older populations in Bangladesh and reach herd immunity to break the transmission chain and gain greater overall population protection more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Brac James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arm Mehrab Ali
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Global Research and Data Support, Innovations for Poverty Action, USA New Haven, CT
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ateeb Ahmad Parray
- Brac James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dipak Mitra
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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28
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Shrestha R, Yadav UN, Shrestha A, Paudel G, Makaju D, Poudel P, Iwashita H, Harada Y, Shrestha A, Karmacharya B, Koju R, Sugishita T, Rawal L. Analyzing the Implementation of Policies and Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Care Level in Nepal. Front Public Health 2022; 10:763784. [PMID: 35223722 PMCID: PMC8864089 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.763784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nepal, in recent years, is witnessing an increasing problem of type 2 diabetes that has resulted significant premature deaths and disability. Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes have been prioritized in the national policies and guidelines of the Nepal Government. However, research looking at the overview of the implementation of the existing policies and guidelines for diabetes prevention and control is scarce. Hence, this study reviewed diabetes related existing policies and its implementation process at the primary health care level in Nepal. Methods This study involved two phases: Phase I: situation analyses through review of documents and Phase II: qualitative exploratory study. In phase I, four databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PubMed) were systematically searched using key search terms related to diabetes care and policies between January 2000 and June 2021. Also, relevant gray literature was reviewed to understand the trajectory of policy development and its translation with regards to diabetes prevention and management at primary health care level in Nepal. Following the phase I, we conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) and key informant interviews (KII) with health care providers, policy makers, and managers (IDI = 13, and KII = 7) at peripheral and central levels in Kavrepalanchowk and Nuwakot districts of Nepal. The in-depth interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded. The triangulation of data from document review and interviews was done and presented in themes. Results Four key themes were identified through triangulating findings from the document review and interviews including (i) limited implementation of policies into practices; (ii) lack of coordination among the different levels of service providers; (iii) lack of trained human resources for health and inadequate quality services at the primary health care level, and (iv) inadequate access and utilization of diabetes care services at primary health care level. Specifically, this study identified some key pertinent challenges to the implementation of policies and programs including inadequate resources, limited engagement of stakeholders in service design and delivery, lack of trained health care providers, lack of financial resources to strengthen peripheral health services, fragmented health governance, and weak reporting and monitoring systems. Conclusion This study revealed that the policies, plans, and strategies for prevention and management of NCDs in Nepal recognized the importance of diabetes prevention and control. However, a major gap remains with adequate and lack of clarity in terms of implementation of available policies, plans, strategies, and programs to address the problem of diabetes. We suggest the need for multisectoral approach (engaging both health and non-health sectors) at central as well as peripheral levels to strengthen the policies implementation process, building capacity of health care providers, ensuring adequate financial and non-financial resources, and improving quality of services at primary health care levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abha Shrestha
- Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Grish Paudel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Deepa Makaju
- Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Prakash Poudel
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanako Iwashita
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Harada
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Biraj Karmacharya
- Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Rajendra Koju
- Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Tomohiko Sugishita
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lal Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lal Rawal ;
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Ghimire S, Shrestha A, Yadav UN, Mistry SK, Chapadia B, Yadav OP, Ali AM, Rawal LB, Yadav P, Mehata S, Harris M. Older adults with pre-existing noncommunicable conditions and their healthcare access amid COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in eastern Nepal. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056342. [PMID: 35115356 PMCID: PMC8814747 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has greatly impacted older adults with pre-existing noncommunicable conditions (hereafter called pre-existing conditions) in terms of their access to essential healthcare services. Based on the theory of vertical health equity, this study investigated access to healthcare by Nepali older adults with pre-existing conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study surveyed 847 randomly selected older adults (≥60 years) in three districts of eastern Nepal. Survey questionnaires, administered by trained community health workers, collected information on participants reported difficulty obtaining routine care and medications during the pandemic, in addition to questions on demographics, socioeconomic factors and pre-existing conditions. Cumulative scores for pre-existing conditions were recoded as no pre-existing condition, single condition and multimorbidity for the analyses. χ2 tests and binary logistic regressions determined inferences. RESULTS Nearly two-thirds of the participants had a pre-existing condition (43.8% single condition and 22.8% multimorbid) and reported experiencing difficulty obtaining routine care (52.8%) and medications (13.5%). Participants with single (OR 3.06, 95% CI 2.17 to 4.32) and multimorbid (OR 5.62, 95% CI 3.63 to 8.71) conditions had threefold and fivefold increased odds of experiencing difficulty accessing routine care. Findings were similar for difficulty obtaining medication (OR single: 3.12, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.69; OR multimorbid: 3.98, 95% CI 2.01 to 7.87) where odds were greater than threefolds. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with pre-existing conditions in Nepal, who require routine medical care and medication, faced significant difficulties obtaining them during the pandemic, which may lead to deterioration in their pre-existing conditions. Public health emergency preparedness should incorporate plans for both managing the emergency and providing continuing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Aman Shrestha
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Reserach Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangaladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bunsi Chapadia
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Om Prakash Yadav
- Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Lal B Rawal
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Centre for Reserach Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Suresh Mehata
- Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mark Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parray AA, Yadav UN, Das A, Ali AM, Mollick S, Saha S, Mistry SK. Ensuring the global COVID-19 vaccine equity: Universal vaccine access strategy in the context of low and-middle-income countries. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:614-621. [PMID: 35050840 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2029928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTLockdowns and other COVID-19 containment measures enforced to kerb the pandemic have had a massive impact on the overall growth of the world. Income-generating activities have been reduced, but the impact is more consequential among the low- and middle-income countries. The disproportionate access to vaccines between wealthy and poor countries has resulted in 'vaccine apartheid.' An 'every-country-for-itself' approach or 'vaccine nationalism' coupled with 'vaccine hesitancy' has contributed to disproportionate access to and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines. This paper argues that it is time for the decision-makers to adopt a Universal Vaccine Access Strategy (UVAS). The authors argue that sharing resources by establishing local production of vaccines wherever possible, timely donation of unused COVID-19 vaccines to developing countries and addressing vaccine hesitancy have become imperative to interrupt the emergence of new variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateeb Ahmad Parray
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Anupam Das
- Jhikargaccha Upazila Health Complex, Jashore, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.,Centre for the Higher Studies and Research, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arm Mehrab Ali
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shemana Mollick
- Department of Agriculture, Pashapole AM College, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Senjuti Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mistry SK, Akter F, Hossain MB, Huda MN, Irfan NM, Yadav UN, Storisteanu DML, Arora A. Exploring Factors Associated with Women's Willingness to Provide Digital Fingerprints in Accessing Healthcare Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Slums of Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:40. [PMID: 35010299 PMCID: PMC8751190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital fingerprints are increasingly used for patient care and treatment delivery, health system monitoring and evaluation, and maintaining data integrity during health research. Yet, no evidence exists about the use of fingerprinting technologies in maternal healthcare services in urban slum contexts, globally. The present study aimed to explore the recently delivered women's willingness to give digital fingerprints to community health workers to access healthcare services in the urban slums of Bangladesh and identify the associated factors. Employing a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure, we chose 458 recently delivered women from eight randomly selected urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Chi-square tests were performed for descriptive analyses, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with willingness to provide fingerprints. Overall, 78% of the participants reported that they were willing to provide digital fingerprints if that eased access to healthcare services. After adjusting for potential confounders, the sex of the household head, family type, and household wealth status were significantly associated with the willingness to provide fingerprints to access healthcare services. The study highlighted the potentials of using fingerprints for making healthcare services accessible. Focus is needed for female-headed households, women from poor families, and engaging husbands and in-laws in mobile health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.K.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.H.)
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Akter
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.K.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Md. Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.K.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.H.)
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nafis Md. Irfan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | | | - Amit Arora
- Translational Health Research Institute, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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Rahman MA, Kundu S, Ahinkorah BO, Okyere J, Halder HR, Rahman MM, Yadav UN, Mistry SK, Rahman MA. Was there any change in tobacco smoking among adults in Bangladesh during 2009-2017? Insights from two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e057896. [PMID: 34930749 PMCID: PMC8689193 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the changes in prevalence and associated factors of tobacco smoking among Bangladeshi adults over time. DESIGN Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Two most recent Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) data from Bangladesh, carried out in 2009 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS Adult population aged 15 and above (n=9629 in 2009; n=12 783 in 2017). OUTCOME MEASURES Current use of tobacco smoke, including cigarettes, bidi, hukkah, cigars or pipes, which was dichotomised ('yes'/'no'). METHODS We analysed data from two recent rounds of GATS (2009 and 2017). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS The overall prevalence of tobacco smoking among Bangladeshi adults was noted (23.00%, 95% CI 22.98 to 23.00 in 2009; 16.44%, 95% CI 16.43 to 16.45 in 2017). Being male (adjusted OR (AOR)=59.72, CI 40.56 to 87.93 for 2009; AOR=71.17, CI 41.08 to 123.32 for 2017), age between 25 and 64 years (all AORs >2 and p<0.05), smoking permissible at home (AOR=7.08, CI 5.88 to 8.52 for 2009; AOR=5.90, CI 5.34 to 6.95 for 2017), and watching tobacco smoking product use in movie/drama scenes (AOR=1.26, CI 1.11 to 1.44 for 2009; AOR=1.34, CI 1.17 to 1.54 for 2017) were found to be significantly associated with increased tobacco smoking among adults both in 2009 and in 2017. However, being offered free tobacco sample products (AOR=0.66, CI 0.57 to 0.77 for 2009; AOR=0.87, CI 0.76 to 0.99 for 2017) and having primary, secondary or higher education (all AORs <1 and p<0.05) as well as being a student (AOR=0.16, CI 0.09 to 0.29 for 2009; AOR=0.32, CI 0.19 to 0.53) were associated with lower odds of tobacco smoking in both surveys. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined over the period, it is still high among those who were relatively older, men, less educated and exposed to a movie/drama where tobacco smoking is promoted. Therefore, appropriate interventions are required to stop tobacco smoking among the Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Henry Ratul Halder
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Md Mahmudur Rahman
- Research, Monitoring and Information Management Organization/Institutions, Deep Eye Care Foundation (DECF), Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Research, Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 6th Floor, Medona Tower, 28 Mohakhali Commercial Area, Bir Uttom A K Khandakar Road, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Ghimire S, Yadav UN, Yadav OP, Subedi J. Perceived fear of COVID-19 among Nepali older adults. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8682743 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) impacted everyone in some ways, it disproportionally impacted the older population. Given their increased vulnerability to severe illness and mortality, the ongoing pandemic has created greater distress, anxiety, and fear among the older population. In Nepal, a South Asian country nestled in the Himalayas between India and China, most stories of older adults are untold – both in the pre-COVID-19 and the COVID-19 era. This study aimed to explore the perceived fear of COVID-19 among Nepali older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July-September 2020 among 847 older adults (≥60years) residing in three districts of eastern Nepal. The seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale assessed the perceived fear of COVID-19; higher scores on the scale (ranges 7 to 35 indicated greater fear. A sizeable proportion of the participants' reported being afraid (35%), anxious (32%), uncomfortable (24%), clammy (14%), and sleepless (12%), while 28% were fearful of losing their life due to COVID-19. In adjusted regression analysis, older age group, Dalit (minority) ethnicity, and remoteness to the health facility were associated with greater fear of COVID-19. Surprisingly, pre-existing health conditions were inversely associated with fear of COVID-19. Greater fear of COVID-19 amidst the pandemic, although anticipated, urges us to reflect on the most vulnerable groups' psychological needs not just during COVID-19 but in the future events of pandemics and public health emergencies. Fear during emergencies could be battled with accurate and effective information as well as better preparedness and psychosocial interventions.
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Bhandari TR, Paudel G, Bestman A, Thapa TB, Gwayali CP, Ghimire B, Sharma S, Yadav UN. Use of Psychoactive Substance and its Associated Factors among School Adolescents in Rupandehi District of Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2021; 19:474-480. [PMID: 35140417 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v19i3.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychoactive substance use among adolescents has been identified as an important health issue in Nepal. Therefore, this study examined the psychoactive substance use and factors associated with its use among adolescent students in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018 with 460 school students aged between 15 to 19 years across sampled public and private schools in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. Structured interview schedule was used to collect information on psychoactive substance use. The generalized estimating equation was used to identify the factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. RESULTS Over a quarter (27.4%) of school-going adolescents used at least one type of psychoactive substance. Commonly used psychoactive substance included tobacco products (59.3%) followed by cannabis (55.6%), marijuana (35.8%), hashish (23.5%), alcohol (22.2%), heroin (18.5%), nitrogen tablets (14.8%), sulfa (13.6%) and opium (13.6%), respectively. Being male (AOR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.19-3.36), having peers (AOR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.13-3.03) or family members (AOR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.40-3.54) that used psychoactive substances and father's education level (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.05-5.78) were significantly associated with the psychoactive substance use. CONCLUSIONS This study identified that over a quarter of school-going adolescents reported the use of at least one illegal psychoactive substance. This study provided details on the extent of behaviours, and can be used to develop a comprehensive prevention and control program. Such programs should address the socio-cultural factors that enable substance use and address gaps in knowledge to prevent and control of psychoactive substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi Ram Bhandari
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Grish Paudel
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Amy Bestman
- The George Institute of Global Health, UNSW Medicine, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Shanta Sharma
- Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute Pvt. Ltd, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Australia
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Mistry SK, Ali AM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Ghimire S, Bestman A, Hossain MB, Reza S, Qasim R, Harris MF. Difficulties faced by older Rohingya (forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals) adults in accessing medical services amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e007051. [PMID: 34903566 PMCID: PMC8671847 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has seriously disrupted health services in many countries including Bangladesh. This research aimed to explore whether Rohingya (forcefully displaced Myanmar nationals) older adults in Bangladesh faced difficulties accessing medicines and routine medical care services amid this pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 Rohingya older adults aged 60 years and above residing in Rohingya refugee camps situated in the Cox's Bazar district of Bangladesh and was conducted in October 2020. A purposive sampling technique was followed, and participants' perceived difficulties in accessing medicines and routine medical care were noted through face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression models determined the association between outcome and explanatory variables. RESULTS Overall, one-third of the participants reported difficulties in accessing medicines and routine medical care. Significant factors associated with facing difficulties accessing medicine included feelings of loneliness (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.54, 95% CI 1.93 to 6.48), perceptions that older adults were at the highest risk of COVID-19 (AOR 3.35, 95% CI 1.61 to 6.97) and required additional care during COVID-19 (AOR 6.89, 95% CI 3.62 to 13.13). Also, the notable factors associated with difficulties in receiving routine medical care included living more than 30 min walking distance from the health centre (AOR 3.57, 95% CI 1.95 to 6.56), feelings of loneliness (AOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.87), perception that older adults were at the highest risk of COVID-19 (AOR 2.85, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.99) and perception that they required additional care during the pandemic (AOR 4.55, 95% CI 2.48 to 8.35). CONCLUSION Many Rohingya older adults faced difficulties in accessing medicines and routine medical care during this pandemic. This call for policy-makers and relevant stakeholders to re-assess emergency preparedness plans including strategies to provide continuing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arm Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Research and Data Support, Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, New South Wales, Australia
- The School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Bestman
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sompa Reza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubina Qasim
- Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mark F Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Ghimire S, Rahman MA, Reza S, Huque R, Rahman MA. Perceived Change in Tobacco Use and Its Associated Factors among Older Adults Residing in Rohingya Refugee Camps during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312349. [PMID: 34886073 PMCID: PMC8657143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the perceived change in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among older adults residing in Rohingya refugee camps, also referred to as Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh. The study followed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in October 2020 among 416 older adults aged 60 years and above. A purposive sampling technique was applied to identify eligible participants, and face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to collect the data. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Binary logistic regression models determined the factors associated with the perceived change in tobacco use. More than one in five participants (22.4%) were current tobacco users, of whom 40.8% reported a perceived increase in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adjusted analysis revealed that participants who were concerned about COVID-19 had significantly (p < 0.05) lower odds of perceived increase in tobacco use (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.73), while older adults who were overwhelmed by COVID-19 (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.06–1.18) and communicated less frequently with others during the pandemic than before (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03–1.20) had marginally significantly (p < 0.1) lower odds of perceived increase in tobacco use during this pandemic. Relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness-raising initiatives as part of an emergency preparedness plan to control tobacco use during such a crisis period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4068-63358
| | - ARM Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
- Global Research and Data Support, Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
- The School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA;
| | | | - Sompa Reza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Rumana Huque
- Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
- ARK Foundation, Gulshan, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC 3350, Australia;
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Yadav UN, Mistry SK, Ghimire S, Schneider CH, Rawal LB, Acharya SP, Harris-Roxas B, Harris MF. Recognizing the roles of primary health care in addressing non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: Lesson from COVID-19, implications for the future. J Glob Health 2021; 11:03120. [PMID: 34804511 PMCID: PMC8590826 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Research Policy and Implementation (CRPIN), Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Carmen Huckel Schneider
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lal Bahadur Rawal
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Australia
| | | | - Ben Harris-Roxas
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Fort Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Amin R, Vaishali K, Maiya GA, Mohapatra AK, Yadav UN, Parsekar SS. Effect of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:297. [PMID: 34782011 PMCID: PMC8591795 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the common types of interstitial lung disease having high prevalence and mortality worldwide. As a result of patient-centred hindering factors of adherence to centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), home-based PR is an alternate mode of rehabilitating individuals with IPF. This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness of unsupervised home-based PR on functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with IPF. METHODS Clinically stable, high resolution computed tomography and physician diagnosed IPF participants having modified Medical Research Council score below 5 will be considered for the systematic review. Studies involving home-based PR as an intervention to treat individuals with IPF will be considered. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised studies (with two groups followed up) are eligible to be included. Outcomes of our interest are functional capacity (6-min walk distance, shuttle walk test and incremental shuttle walk test) and secondary outcome measure would include assessment of quality of life and adverse effects of intervention. Electronic databases such as SCOPUS, Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), PEDRo and CINAHL will be searched using database specific terms. Additionally, forward and backward citations of included studies will be searched to identify potential records. Two review authors, independently, will conduct the screening, data extraction using a customised standard tool, and critical appraisal using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool of included studies. If data permits, meta-analysis will be conducted. In case of substantial heterogeneity, we will do a narrative synthesis. Subgroup analysis will be undertaken based on various contextual and interventional factors. DISCUSSION This review will provide comprehensive evidence on the effectiveness of unsupervised home-based PR to physiotherapists, policy makers and researchers who are interested in IPF management. Findings from this review may guide the development and evaluation of more robust evidence based home-based PR that aimed to improve functional capacity among people with IPF. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020213883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Amin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shradha S Parsekar
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Prasanna School of Public Health, MAHE, Manipal, India
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Parsekar SS, Hoogar P, Dhyani VS, Yadav UN. The voice of Indian women on family planning: A qualitative systematic review. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Ghimire S, Hossain MB, Das Shuvo S, Saha M, Sarwar S, Nirob MMH, Sekaran VC, Harris MF. Older adults with non-communicable chronic conditions and their health care access amid COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255534. [PMID: 34324556 PMCID: PMC8320993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burgeoning burden of non-communicable disease among older adults is one of the emerging public health problems. In the COVID-19 pandemic, health services in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, have been disrupted. This may have posed challenges for older adults with non-communicable chronic conditions in accessing essential health care services in the current pandemic. The present study aimed at exploring the challenges experienced by older Bangladeshi adults with non-communicable chronic conditions in receiving regular health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study followed a cross-sectional design and was conducted among 1032 Bangladeshi older adults aged 60 years and above during October 2020 through telephone interviews. Self-reported information on nine non-communicable chronic conditions (osteoarthritis, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic kidney disease, cancer) was collected. Participants were asked if they faced any difficulties in accessing medicine and receiving routine medical care for their medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association between non-communicable chronic conditions and accessing medication and health care was analysed using binary logic regression model. RESULTS Most of the participants aged 60-69 years (77.8%), male (65.5%), married (81.4%), had no formal schooling (58.3%) and resided in rural areas (73.9%). Although more than half of the participants (58.9%) reported having a single condition, nearly one-quarter (22.9%) had multimorbidity. About a quarter of the participants reported difficulties accessing medicine (23%) and receiving routine medical care (27%) during the pandemic, and this was significantly higher among those suffering from multimorbidity. In the adjusted analyses, participants with at least one condition (AOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.33-2.85) and with multimorbidity (AOR: 4.75, 95% CI: 3.17-7.10) had a higher likelihood of experiencing difficulties accessing medicine. Similarly, participants with at least one condition (AOR: 3.08, 95% CI: 2.11-4.89) and with multimorbidity (AOR: 6.34, 95% CI: 4.03-9.05) were significantly more likely to face difficulties receiving routine medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that a sizeable proportion of the older adults had difficulties in accessing medicine and receiving routine medical care during the pandemic. The study findings highlight the need to develop an appropriate health care delivery pathway and strategies to maintain essential health services during any emergencies and beyond. We also argue the need to prioritise the health of older adults with non-communicable chronic conditions in the centre of any emergency response plan and policies of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A. R. M. Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Md. Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Manika Saha
- Action Lab, Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mohibur Hossain Nirob
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran
- Department of Community Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus) MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mark F. Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Rahman MA, Halder HR, Yadav UN, Mistry SK. Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension according to JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15420. [PMID: 34326418 PMCID: PMC8322062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies either followed Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) or World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) revised the definition of hypertension in 2017, which has significant public health importance. In Bangladesh, the new guideline has resulted changes in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension compared to the JNC7 guideline. This study used data from the most recent round (2017-2018) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the participants were categorized as hypertensive if they had blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/80 mmHg, but it was ≥ 140/90 mmHg in JNC 7 guideline. A total of 11,959 participants were involved in the analysis. The median (IQR) age of the respondents was 34.0 (18.0-95.0) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.0% according to the JNC 7 guideline, which was 50.5% according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Participants who were overweight and obese, aged, member of affluent households, Rangpur and Rajshahi division inhabitants had significantly higher odds of being hypertensive according to both guidelines. The new guideline suggests that half of the adult population in Bangladesh is hypertensive when measured according to the new guideline, urging the policymakers and public health practitioners to take immediate action to address the already established modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Henry Ratul Halder
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Forum for Health Research and Development, Dharan, Nepal
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Yadav UN, Yadav OP, Singh DR, Ghimire S, Rayamajhee B, Kanti Mistry S, Rawal LB, Ali ARMM, Kumar Tamang M, Mehta S. Perceived fear of COVID-19 and its associated factors among Nepalese older adults in eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254825. [PMID: 34310639 PMCID: PMC8312955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all age groups worldwide, but older adults have been affected greatly with an increased risk of severe illness and mortality. Nepal is struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. The normal life of older adults, one of the vulnerable populations to COVID-19 infection, has been primarily impacted. The current evidence shows that the COVID-19 virus strains are deadly, and non-compliance to standard protocols can have serious consequences, increasing fear among older adults. This study assessed the perceived fear of COVID-19 and associated factors among older adults in eastern Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 among 847 older adults (≥60 years) residing in three districts of eastern Nepal. Perceived fear of COVID-19 was measured using the seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Multivariate logistic regression identified the factors associated with COVID-19 fear. RESULTS The mean score of the FCV-19S was 18.1 (SD = 5.2), and a sizeable proportion of older adults, ranging between 12%-34%, agreed with the seven items of the fear scale. Increasing age, Dalit ethnicity, remoteness to the health facility, and being concerned or overwhelmed with the COVID-19 were associated with greater fear of COVID-19. In contrast, preexisting health conditions were inversely associated with fear. CONCLUSION Greater fear of the COVID-19 among the older adults in eastern Nepal suggests that during unprecedented times such as the current pandemic, the psychological needs of older adults should be prioritized. Establishing and integrating community-level mental health support as a part of the COVID-19 preparedness and response plan might help to combat COVID-19 fear among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research, Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health Medical and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Devendra Raj Singh
- Department of Public Health, Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lal Bahadur Rawal
- School of Health Medical and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | - ARM Mehrab Ali
- Aureolin Research, Consultancy and Expertise Development Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Man Kumar Tamang
- Centre for Research, Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suresh Mehta
- Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Mehata S, Tamang MK, Parajuli KR, Rayamajhee B, Yadav UN, Mehta RK, Singh DR. Serum zinc status is a matter of concern among children and non-pregnant women in a nationwide survey of Nepal. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14904. [PMID: 34290324 PMCID: PMC8295332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nationally representative population data on zinc status in Nepal is lacking at present. This study analyzed data from the recent Nepal National Micronutrient status survey 2016 to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency and associated risk factors among children aged 6–59 months (n = 1462) and non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years (n = 1923). Venous blood was collected from the participants to measure micronutrients such as zinc, markers of anemia, RBP (vitamin A), and markers of inflammation. Stool samples were collected to assess soil-transmitted helminths and Helicobacter pylori infection. Socio-demographic, household, and other relevant factors were collected by a structured questionnaire. Serum zinc concentration was measured by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and zinc deficiency was defined according to the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group’s guidelines. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of zinc deficiency among the participants. The overall zinc deficiency in children was 22.9%, while it was higher in non-pregnant women (24.7%). The prevalence of anemia among zinc-deficient children was higher (21.3%) than the zinc non-deficit children (18.7%). The prevalence of anemia was 18% among zinc-deficient non-pregnant women compared to 22% non-deficit non-pregnant women. Predictors associated with zinc deficiency among the study children were living in rural areas (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI, [1.13, 4.49]), the occurrence of diarrhea during the two weeks preceding the survey (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI, [1.07, 2.30]), lowest household wealth quintile (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI, [0.25, 0.92]) and lower vitamin A status (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI, [0.28, 0.85]. The predictors associated with zinc deficiency among non-pregnant women were: being underweight (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI, [1.12, 2.15]), fever occurrence during two weeks preceding the survey (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI, [1.04, 1.98]), H. pylori in the stool (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI, [1.04, 1.71]), lowest household wealth quintile (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI,[0.40, 0.94]) and being at risk of folate deficiency (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI,[0.36, 0.94]). We conclude that community-level intervention programs focused on rural children and women to prevent diarrhea, improve nutrition counseling, and provide economic opportunities in rural communities may help to lower zinc deficiency and other micronutrient deficiencies in the Nepalese population. We believe that intervention programs to address zinc deficiency should not be isolated. Instead, integrated approaches are beneficial to improve overall micronutrient status, such as encouraging dietary diversity, providing livelihood opportunities to the unemployed, micronutrient supplementation to vulnerable populations, and consumption of zinc-rich animal-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Man Kumar Tamang
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal. .,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kedar Raj Parajuli
- Nutrition Section, Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Kairuz CA, Casanelia LM, Bennett-Brook K, Coombes J, Yadav UN. Impact of racism and discrimination on physical and mental health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander peoples living in Australia: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1302. [PMID: 34217243 PMCID: PMC8254223 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Racism is increasingly recognised as a significant health determinant that contributes to health inequalities. In Australia efforts have been made to bridge the recognised health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other Australians. This systematic scoping review aimed to assess, synthesise, and analyse the evidence in Australia about the impacts of racism on the mental and physical health of Aboriginal and Torrens Strait Islander peoples. Methods A systematic search was conducted to locate Australian studies in English published between 2000 and 2020. Five electronic databases were used: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and the Australia’s National Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research. The search strategy included a combination of key words related with racism, mental health, physical health and Indigenous people. Data were extracted based on review questions and findings were synthesized in a narrative summary. Results Of total 338 searched studies from five databases, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for narrative synthesis where eight were cross-sectional studies and four prospective cohorts. General mental health and general health perception were the most frequently studied outcomes followed by child behaviour, smoking and substance consumption and specific health conditions. The prevalence of racism varied between 6.9 and 97%. The most common health outcomes associated with racism were general poor mental health and poor general health perception. More specific health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, child behaviour, asthma, increased BMI and smoking were also associated with racism but were analysed by a limited number of studies. Three studies analysed psychological distress, negative mental health, sleeping difficulties and negative perceived mental health according to severity of exposition to racism. Conclusion Racism is associated with negative overall mental and negative general health outcomes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Strategies to prevent all forms and sources of racism are necessary to move forward to bridging the health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians. Further research is needed to understand in more detail the impact of racism from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander definition of health and wellbeing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11363-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Kairuz
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa M Casanelia
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia. .,Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal.
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Mistry SK, Harris-Roxas B, Yadav UN, Shabnam S, Rawal LB, Harris MF. Community Health Workers Can Provide Psychosocial Support to the People During COVID-19 and Beyond in Low- and Middle- Income Countries. Front Public Health 2021; 9:666753. [PMID: 34239854 PMCID: PMC8258154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.666753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the most challenging public health issue which not only affected the physical health of the global population but also aggravated the mental health conditions such as stress, anxiety, fear, depression and anger. While mental health services are seriously hampered amid this COVID-19 pandemic, health services, particularly those of Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs) are looking for alternatives to provide psychosocial support to the people amid this COVID-19 and beyond. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are an integral part of the health systems in many LMICs and played significant roles such as health education, contact tracing, isolation and mobilization during past emergencies and amid COVID-19 in many LMICs. However, despite their potentials in providing psychosocial support to the people amid this COVID-19 pandemic, they have been underutilized in most health systems in LMICs. The CHWs can be effectively engaged to provide psychosocial support at the community level. Engaging them can also be cost-saving as they are already in place and may cost less compared to other health professionals. However, they need training and supervision and their safety and security needs to be protected during this COVID-19. While many LMICs have mental health policies but their enactment is limited due to the fragility of health systems and limited health care resources. CHWs can contribute in this regard and help to address the psychosocial vulnerabilities of affected population in LMICs during COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Harris-Roxas
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sadia Shabnam
- Health Nutrition and Population Program, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lal Bahadur Rawal
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark F. Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mehata S, Parajuli KR, Pant ND, Rayamajhee B, Yadav UN, Mehta RK, Jha P, Mehta N, Dhimal M, Singh DR. Prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among under-five children, adolescent and non-pregnant women in Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009510. [PMID: 34153049 PMCID: PMC8263064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the Helicobacter pylori infections occur in developing countries. The risk factors for H. pylori infections are poverty, overcrowding, and unhygienic conditions, which are common problems in under-privileged countries such as Nepal. Despite having a high risk of H. pylori infections, no national level study has been conducted to assess prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection in Nepal. Therefore, we hypothesized that micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 deficiency, socio-economic status, and nutritional status correlate with the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nepal. We studied prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection among under-five children, adolescents aged 10–19 years and married non-pregnant women aged 20–49 years using data from the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016). H. pylori infection was examined in stool of 6–59 months old children and 20–49 years old non-pregnant women whereas the rapid diagnostic kit using blood sample was used among adolescent boys and girls. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 18.2% among 6–59 months old children, 14% among adolescent boys and 16% among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years; and 40% among 20–49 years non-pregnant women. Poor socioeconomic status, crowding, and unhygienic condition were found to be positively associated with higher incidence of H. pylori infections. No significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status (iron or risk of folate deficiency) with H. pylori infection. Findings from this study suggest that poverty-associated markers are primary contributors of H. pylori infections in Nepalese communities. To control acquisition and persistence of H. pylori infection in Nepal, we suggest improved management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene programs, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status. Helicobacter pylori is associated with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases and is a common problem in tropical region where inter-human contact is the primary mode of disease transmission. Poor socio-economic status is a crucial fueling factor of H. pylori infection. In this study, the authors present data from Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016) and investigated the risk factors associated with H. pylori infections among under-five years old children, 10–19 years old adolescent boys and girls, and 20–49 years non-pregnant women nationwide. Study findings corroborate that poverty-associated markers are the key driving factor of H. pylori infections in Nepal, which can have a manifold effect on nutrition and subsequent child growth retardation. Management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene practices to decrease acquisition of H. pylori infection is a pressing need in rural parts of Nepal and among marginalized communities. The findings of this study highlight the varied prevalence of H. pylori by age group, gender, place of residence, ethnic group, and ecological regions of the country. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Kedar Raj Parajuli
- Nutrition Section, Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Priya Jha
- Nepal Health Professional Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Neha Mehta
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Ghimire S, Hossain MB, Saha M, Reza S, Bakshi P, Bhuiyan ATMRH, Harris M. Misconceptions about COVID-19 among older Rohingya (forcefully displaced Myanmar nationals) adults in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050427. [PMID: 34049923 PMCID: PMC8166478 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to low health literacy and adverse situation in the camps, there are possibilities of misconceptions related to COVID-19 among the older Rohingya (forcefully displaced Myanmar nationals or FDMNs) adults in Bangladesh. The present research aimed to assess the level of misconceptions and the factors associated with it among the older FDMNs in Bangladesh. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING A selected Rohingya camp situated in Cox's Bazar, a southeastern district of Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS Information was collected from 416 conveniently selected FDMNs who were aged 60 years and above. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was misconceptions related to the spread, prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Information on 14 different locally relevant misconceptions was gathered, each was scored as one, and obtained a cumulative score, ranging from 0 to 14, with a higher score indicating a higher level of misconceptions. A multiple linear regression model explored the factors associated with misconceptions. RESULTS The participants had an average of five misconceptions. The most prevalent misconceptions were: everyone should wear personal protective equipment when outside (84.6%) and its prevention by nutritious food (62.5%) and drinking water (59.3%). Other notable misconceptions included the spread of COVID-19 through mosquito bites (42%) and its transmissions only to the non/less religious person (31.4%). In regression analyses, memory or concentration problems, communication frequency with social networks, pre-existing conditions and receiving information from health workers were significantly associated with higher COVID-19 misconceptions. These misconceptions were less likely among those overwhelmed by COVID-19, having COVID-19 diagnosed friends or family members and receiving information from friends and family. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found that misconceptions were prevalent among the older FDMNs in Bangladesh. The associations have important implications for programmes to prevent and manage COVID-19 in these settings. Health workers need to be adequately trained to provide clear communication and counter misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A R M Mehrab Ali
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Manika Saha
- Action Lab, Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sompa Reza
- Department of Health, Society for Health Extension and Development (SHED), Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Progati Bakshi
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Toha M R H Bhuiyan
- Office of the Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC), Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, Government of Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Mark Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ghimire S, Paudel G, Mistry SK, Parvez M, Rayamajhee B, Paudel P, Tamang MK, Yadav UN. Functional status and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in rural Nepal: findings from a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:335. [PMID: 34034657 PMCID: PMC8152303 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high burden of chronic conditions, coupled with various physical, mental, and psychosocial changes that accompany the phenomenon of aging, may limit the functional ability of older adults. This study aims to assess the prevalence of poor functional status and investigate factors associated with poor functional status among community-dwelling older adults in rural communities of eastern Nepal. METHODS Data on 794 older adults aged ≥ 60 years from a previous community-based cross-sectional study was used. Participants were recruited from rural municipalities of Morang and Sunsari districts of eastern Nepal using multi-stage cluster sampling. Functional status was assessed in terms of participants' ability to perform activities of daily living using the Barthel Index. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and self-reported chronic conditions. A binary logistic regression model was used to investigate factors associated with poor functional status. RESULTS The overall prevalence of poor functional status was 8.3 % (male: 7.0 % and female: 9.6 %), with most dependence noted for using stairs (17.3 %), followed by dressing (21.9 %) on Barthel Index. In the adjusted model, oldest age group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, 95 %CI: 1.46, 5.50), those unemployed (OR = 2.41, 95 %CI: 1.26, 4.65), having memory/concentration problems (OR = 2.32, 95 %CI: 1.30, 4.13), depressive symptoms (OR = 2.52, 95 %CI: 1.28, 4.95), and hypertension (OR = 1.78, 95 %CI: 1.03, 3.06) had almost or more than two times poor functioning. CONCLUSIONS One in 12 older adults had poor functional status as indicated by their dependency on the items of the Barthel Index; those in the oldest age bracket were more likely to exhibit poor functional status. We suggest future studies from other geographies of the country to supplement our study from the rural setting for comprehensive identification of the problem, which could guide the development of prevention strategies and comprehensive interventions for addressing the unmet needs of the older adults for improving functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, 45056, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Grish Paudel
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mahmood Parvez
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pravash Paudel
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Man Kumar Tamang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Torrens University, Sydney, Australia.
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Akther F, Yadav UN, Harris MF. Exploring fear of COVID-19 and its correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. Global Health 2021; 17:47. [PMID: 33853616 PMCID: PMC8045579 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the perceived fear of COVID-19 and its associated factors among older adults in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 among 1032 older Bangladeshi adults aged ≥60 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on participants' characteristics and COVID-19 related information. Perceived fear of COVID-19 was measured using the seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), where the cumulative score ranged from 7 to 35. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with perceived fear of COVID-19. RESULTS The mean fear score was 19.4. Participants who were concerned about COVID-19 (β: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.78) and overwhelmed by COVID-19 (β: 3.31, 95% CI: 2.33 to 4.29) were significantly more likely to be fearful of COVID-19. Moreover, older adults who felt themselves isolated from others and whose close friends and family members were diagnosed with COVID-19 were more fearful. However, the participants who received COVID-19 related information from the health workers had a lower level of fear (β: -1.90, 95% CI: - 3.06 to - 0.73). CONCLUSIONS The presence of overwhelming fear of COVID-19 among the older adults of Bangladesh underlines the psychological needs of these vulnerable groups. Health workers have a key role in addressing these needs and further research is needed to identify the effective strategies for them to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.52681.380000 0001 0746 8691BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - A. R. M. Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.479464.c0000 0004 5903 5371Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA
| | - Farhana Akther
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh ,grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949SPM department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark F. Harris
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Mistry SK, Akter F, Yadav UN, Hossain MB, Sichel A, Labrique AB, Storisteanu DML. Factors associated with mobile phone usage to access maternal and child healthcare among women of urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043933. [PMID: 33837099 PMCID: PMC8043001 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the acute shortage of human resources and infrastructure, mobile phones can be a critical tool for accessing health services and strengthening health systems in Bangladesh. Yet, there is a scarcity of evidence on the use of mobile phones in this context for accessing health services. In this study, we sought to explore the current use of mobile phones for accessing maternal and child healthcare and its determinants among recently delivered women in urban slums of Bangladesh. METHODS The data were collected through interviewing 800 recently delivered women from eight slums of Dhaka city of Bangladesh during May and June 2018. The study followed a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure was followed. A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to collect information. Chi square tests were performed for descriptive analyses and a multilevel binary logistic regression model was executed to explore the determinants of mobile phone usage for accessing maternal and childcare among the participants. RESULTS Overall, 73.8% of study participants used mobile phones for accessing maternal and child healthcare. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants' age, husband's occupation, sex of household head, women's ownership of mobile phones and household wealth status were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of using mobile phones to access maternal and child healthcare. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the possibility of implementing large-scale mobile health (mHealth) interventions in slum settlements for accessing maternal and child healthcare and is a sustainable mitigation strategy for the acute health worker crisis in Bangladesh. The findings of this study are particularly crucial for policymakers and practitioners while they revise the health policy to incorporate mHealth interventions as highlighted in the recently initiated Digital Health Strategy of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fahmida Akter
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alain B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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