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Arafat SMY, Baminiwatta A, Menon V, Sharma P, Htay MNN, Akter H, Marthoenis M, Dorji C. Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior Among Students in South-East Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:50-70. [PMID: 36794580 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2176272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimation of rates of suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan, and attempt) would help to understand the burden and prioritize prevention strategies. However, no attempt to assess suicidal behavior among students was identified in South-East Asia (SEA). We aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior (ideation, plan, and attempt) among students in SEA. METHODS We followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022353438). We searched in Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO and performed meta-analyses to pool the lifetime, 1-year, and point prevalence rates for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. We considered the duration of a month for point prevalence. RESULTS The search identified 40 separate populations from which 46 were included in the analyses, as some studies included samples from multiple countries. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 17.4% (confidence interval [95% CI], 12.4%-23.9%) for lifetime, 9.33% (95% CI, 7.2%-12%) for the past year, and 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6%-6.4%) for the present time. The pooled prevalence of suicide plans was 9% (95% CI, 6.2%-12.9%) for lifetime, 7.3% (95% CI, 5.1%-10.3%) for the past year, and 2.3% (95% CI, 0.8%-6.7%) for the present time. The pooled prevalence of suicide attempts was 5.2% (95% CI, 3.5%-7.8%) for lifetime and 4.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-5.8%) for the past year. Higher rates of suicide attempts in the lifetime were noted in Nepal (10%) and Bangladesh (9%), while lower rates were reported in India (4%) and Indonesia (5%). CONCLUSIONS Suicidal behaviors are a common phenomenon among students in the SEA region. These findings call for integrated, multisectoral efforts to prevent suicidal behaviors in this group.
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Adjei BN, Afetor M, Ansong-Aggrey S, Okwei R, Nachibi SU, Munkaila L, Arimiyaw AW, Osei Bonsu E, Adu C, Peprah P. Substance use and adolescent injuries: a multi-country analysis of the association and mediating effect of interpersonal violence among 122,945 in-school paediatric populations in 29 countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193711. [PMID: 37546313 PMCID: PMC10399213 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent use of substances and injury experiences such as head injury have become increasingly prevalent. However, information regarding their association and the potential pathways linking them remains limited. This study examined the association between substance use and injuries, emphasizing the mediating role of interpersonal violence among adolescents. Methods We employed a multi-country analysis of Global School-based Health Surveys of 122,945 in-school adolescents aged 11-18 from 29 countries. This study was a cross-sectional school-based, nationally representative study developed by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, other United Nations allies, and country-specific institutions. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall prevalence of injury and substance use and the I-square (I 2 ) statistic was used to investigate the between-country heterogeneity. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between substance use and injuries. A path analysis was used to examine the potential mediation effect of interpersonal violence and employed decomposition of effects into total, direct, and indirect. Results Prevalence of substance use and injuries were 33.6% (95%CI = 28.5, 38.6%) and 41.7% (95%CI = 37.3, 46.1%), respectively. Substance use (37.8% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.001) and injuries (47.3% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.001) were significantly higher among male adolescents than females, respectively. After adjustment, substance users had 40% higher odds of injuries. The path analysis showed a mediation effect of perpetration of and victimization by interpersonal violence on the association of substance use with injuries, with total positive effects of perpetration [β = 0.18; 95%CI = 0.16, 0.19; p = 0.001] and victimization on injuries [β = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.21, 0.24; p = 0.001]. In a further subgroup analysis, tobacco users were 3.98 times more likely to sustain a gunshot wound whiles marijuana users had 2.81 times higher odds of sustaining gunshot wounds. Cigarette smokers had 45% lower odds of sustaining cut/stab wounds. Alcohol users were 53% more likely to sustain concussion/head injury and two and half times more likely to sustain gunshot wound. Conclusion A significant association exists between substance use and severe injuries among adolescents, mediated by interpersonal violence exposure. Our findings may have utility in informing substance use and interpersonal violence control policies and interventions to address adolescent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Afetor
- Information, Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Ghana Health Service, Ho Polyclinic, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Mathematics and Acturial Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ansong-Aggrey
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Reforce Okwei
- Department of Geography, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | | | - Lambongang Munkaila
- Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Abdul Wahid Arimiyaw
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Osei Bonsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Center for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Pearson M, Dawson A, Raubenheimer J, Senerathna L, Conigrave K, Lee KSK, Rajapakse T, Pushpakumara PHGJ, Siribaddana S, Soerensen JB, Konradsen F, Jan S, Dawson AJ, Buckley N, Abeysinghe R, Siriwardhana P, Priyadarshana C, Haber PS, Dzidowska M, Abeykoon P, Glozier N. Community-based alcohol education intervention (THEATRE) study to reduce harmful effects of alcohol in rural Sri Lanka: design and adaptation of a mixed-methods stepped wedge cluster randomised control trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064722. [PMID: 37321807 PMCID: PMC10276966 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity and adverse social sequelae in Sri Lanka. Effective community-based, culturally adapted or context-specific interventions are required to minimise these harms. We designed a mixed-methods stepped wedge cluster randomised control trial of a complex alcohol intervention. This paper describes the initial trial protocol and subsequent modifications following COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We aimed to recruit 20 villages (approximately n=4000) in rural Sri Lanka. The proposed intervention consisted of health screening clinics, alcohol brief intervention, participatory drama, film, and public health promotion materials to be delivered over 12 weeks.Following disruptions to the trial resulting from the Easter bombings in 2019, COVID-19 and a national financial crisis, we adapted the study in two main ways. First, the interventions were reconfigured for hybrid delivery. Second, a rolling pre-post study evaluating changes in alcohol use, mental health, social capital and financial stress as the primary outcome and implementation and ex-ante economic analysis as secondary outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The original study and amendments have been reviewed and granted ethical approval by Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (ERC/2018/21-July 2018 and February 2022) and the University of Sydney (2019/006). Findings will be disseminated locally in collaboration with the community and stakeholders.The new hybrid approach may be more adaptable, scalable and generalisable than the planned intervention. The changes will allow a closer assessment of individual interventions while enabling the evaluation of this discontinuous event through a naturalistic trial design. This may assist other researchers facing similar disruptions to community-based studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry; https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2018-037.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pearson
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew Dawson
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jacques Raubenheimer
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lalith Senerathna
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Katherine Conigrave
- Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Albert Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K S Kylie Lee
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thilini Rajapakse
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Pahala Hangidi Gedara Janaka Pushpakumara
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Jane Brandt Soerensen
- Global Health Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Konradsen
- Global Health Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela J Dawson
- Faculty of Health, World Health Collaborating Centre, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Buckley
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ranil Abeysinghe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Prabash Siriwardhana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamil Priyadarshana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul S Haber
- Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Albert Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monika Dzidowska
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nick Glozier
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fredj MB, Bennasrallah C, Amor I, Trimech F, Abroug H, Zemni I, Dhouib W, Kacem M, Bouanene I, Sriha AB. Associations of psychological factors, parental involvement, and adverse health behaviors with bullying among tunisian middle school students. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:154. [PMID: 37173773 PMCID: PMC10182717 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying is a serious problem that significantly affect adolescent well-being and health, needing the attention of teachers, school administrators, parents and public health professionals. In this study, we aimed at estimating the prevalence of bullying, from the perspective of victims in middle school students in the region of Monastir Tunisia, as well as analyzing its association with individual and family context variables. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in December 2017 and January 2018 among a sample of students from two middle schools in the region of Monastir (Tunisia), using the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) self-answered questionnaire. We defined bullying victimization as being bullied in at least one day in the previous 30 days. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with being bullied. RESULTS Out of 802 students included in this study, nearly half (43.4%) reported having been bullied in the past month with CI 95%: 38.9-48.2. Gender did not interact with this behavior: (44.5%; CI 95%: 38.1-51.7) in boys versus (43.4% ; CI 95%: 37.2-50.2) in girls. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences regarding some individual factors such as physical fight, cigarette smoking, feeling lonely and being worried, in terms of prevalence of being bully victims. There were no significant differences in parental factors between the two groups (being bullied or not). Multivariate analysis showed the following factors as independently associated with bullying: being involved in physical fight (OR = 2.4; CI95%:1.77-3.25), feeling lonely (OR = 3.38; CI95% :2.04-5.57) and being worried (OR = 2.23; CI 95%:1.44-3.43). CONCLUSION Bullying victimization was common among school-going adolescents and was linked with physical fight and psychosocial distress. This study highlights the need for school-based violence prevention programs to address this problem among the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ben Fredj
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory "Technology and Medical Imaging", Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Bennasrallah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Research Laboratory "Technology and Medical Imaging", Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ines Amor
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory "Technology and Medical Imaging", Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faouzia Trimech
- Directorate of school and university medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Abroug
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Zemni
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Dhouib
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Kacem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory "Technology and Medical Imaging", Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bouanene
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Belguith Sriha
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory "Technology and Medical Imaging", Monastir, Tunisia
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Taniguchi H, Shaikh MA. Prevalence and correlates of physical fighting among adolescents in Paraguay: Findings from the 2017 national school-based health survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279402. [PMID: 36584065 PMCID: PMC9803110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal violence among adolescents is a serious public health issue across the globe and has been one of the leading causes of death among Paraguayan adolescents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of physical fighting among adolescents in Paraguay in order to identify problematic fighting behaviour. We also aim to examine the correlates of physical fighting and the extent to which previously identified factors correlate with physical fighting. METHODS We used the Paraguay 2017 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). This survey collects health-related information on school-attending adolescents aged 13-17 years. We defined physical fighting as having participated in at least two physical fights in the previous 12 months. We chose 16 independent variables: 12 individual-level variables and four social-level variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with physical fighting. One of the limitations of this study is that it only captured the responses of the students who attended school on the day of the survey. FINDINGS A total of 3,149 students completed the survey questionnaire, with the response rates for the school, student, and total response being 100%, 87%, and 87%, respectively. In 2017, 8% of the survey participants (11.4% of the males, and 4.7% of the females) had been involved in two or more physical fights during the past 12 months. In the multivariable model, having been physically attacked, male gender, physical activity, alcohol use, early sexual debut, and suicide planning were significantly associated with involvement in physical fighting. Having helpful peers and supportive parents was not statistically significant in the model adjusted for all variables. CONCLUSIONS Although Paraguay shows relatively lower prevalence of physical fighting than other countries, the high association between physical fighting and having been physically attacked is noteworthy. Considering the serious interpersonal violence among Paraguayan adolescents, preventive attributes should be considered, and further assessment of other types of interpersonal violence should be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Taniguchi
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tran K, Nguyen T, Phan L, Tran M, Trinh M, Pham L. Stakeholders' attitudes towards the installations of closed-circuit television cameras in reducing school violence. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10645. [PMID: 36164534 PMCID: PMC9508407 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While schools worldwide have employed closed-circuit television (CCTV) to discourage school violence, the literature shows that stakeholder attitudes toward adopting this technology are inconsistent across cultures. Generally, they are concerned with effectiveness, necessity, privacy, and operational transparency. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model for Video Surveillance (TAM-VS) theory, this study examined the attitudes of educational stakeholders, namely educators and students, toward adopting CCTV in Vietnam. This study aims to investigate which criteria Vietnamese stakeholders use to evaluate the necessity of CCTV and whether the concerns of Vietnam, a developing country, are similar to those of developed countries. Methods This study addressed these research questions by purposely sampling and interviewing 49 Vietnamese high school students, recent high school graduate students, teachers, and administrators. It employed semi-structured and in-depth interviews to gather content-rich data and applied thematic analysis to discover new insights from stakeholders under the modified TAM-VS framework. The study also followed the COREQ guidelines to improve the transparency and rigor of the data collection and analysis. Findings On an exploratory basis, most Vietnamese stakeholders believed that while CCTV cannot comprehensively prevent school violence, its effectiveness overshadows privacy concerns. Regarding operational transparency concerns, participants suggested that better communication, consent collection, and the right to amend school policies related to CCTV are important. From the participants’ perspective, the three criteria for evaluating the necessity of CCTV were (1) its effectiveness in controlling school violence, (2) serving other purposes to enhance overall schooling performance, and (3) insufficient existing methods. Conclusions This study provides context-rich insights into the perceptions of the necessity, effectiveness, privacy, and operational transparency concerns of CCTV across different stakeholders in the education and developing country context. On the practical contribution, the research identifies strategies that school administrators can employ to promote CCTV acceptance in Vietnamese high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Tran
- Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tuyet Nguyen
- Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Department of Business, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Linh Phan
- Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - My Tran
- Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Trinh
- Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Linh Pham
- Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Syukriani Y, Noviandhari A, Arisanti N, Setiawati EP, Rusmil VK, Dhamayanti M, Sekarwana N. Cross-sectional survey of underreported violence experienced by adolescents: a study from Indonesia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:50. [PMID: 34998387 PMCID: PMC8742168 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global studies on adolescent victims of violence require serious attention due to the possibility that underreported cases may be higher than official records indicate. Since Indonesia expects to witness a demographic bonus, extensive research is needed to strengthen early detection, case handling, and prevention. Here, we report the outcomes of a survey on physical, verbal, and sexual violence experienced by adolescents in West Java, an Indonesian province inhabited by 18% of the country's total population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2017 using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) questionnaire for detecting child abuse; an expert panel translated, simplified, and validated it based on a theoretical framework that combines paediatrics, public health, and medicolegal perspectives. We aimed to cover a large sample size and explore three types of violence (physical, verbal, and sexual) that have high evidentiary value in the forensic context. The respondents were adolescents in the first and second grades of middle school (12 to 14 years old) and high school (15 to 17 years old) in seven cities/municipalities in the province, selected through several stages of simple random sampling (N = 3452). We analysed the samples through univariate (percentage), odds ratio (OR), comparison, correlation, and correspondence analyses. RESULTS The results showed that 78.7% of the adolescents experienced violence in 2017, comprising those who encountered at least one incidence of physical violence (43.1%), verbal violence (12.2%), and sexual violence (4.5%). Data overlap includes 14.3% who experienced one type of violence in 2017, 7.4% who experienced two forms of violence, and 1.4% who underwent all three kinds of violence. The offenders were mainly adolescents across all types of violence, except for being forced to engage in sexual intercourse. Several victims of sexual violence did not state who the offenders were. Further, several characteristics showed a higher chance of experiencing violence than other characteristics, especially for adolescents who were still in middle school and those who lived only with their mothers. Correspondence analysis suggested subtle differences between characteristics. CONCLUSION We expect this study to help identify risk and protective factors that are essential to strengthening early detection efforts, decisive medicolegal examinations, case handling, and policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Syukriani
- Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
| | - A Noviandhari
- Department of Children Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - N Arisanti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - E P Setiawati
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - V K Rusmil
- Department of Children Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - M Dhamayanti
- Department of Children Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - N Sekarwana
- Department of Children Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Dos Santos AT, Soares FC, Lima RA, Dos Santos SJ, Silva CRDM, Bezerra J, de Barros MVG. Violence and psychosocial stress: A 10-year time trend analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:116-122. [PMID: 34419779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of psychosocial stress and its association between exposure to violence in adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of temporal trends based on three school-based and statewide surveys with regular intervals of five years. The target population consisted of high school students from public schools. A total of 4,207 adolescents were evaluated in 2006, 6,264 in 2011, and 6,002 in 2016. The psychosocial stress indicator was the dependent study variable and was analyzed according to questions: a) Feeling of loneliness; b) Feeling of sadness; c) Difficulty sleeping due to worry; d) Number of close friends; e) Suicide ideation. Exposure variables were exposure to physical violence, involvement in fights and bullying. Logistic and linear regressions were used to verify the temporal trend of psychosocial stress, and to analyze the association between exposure of violence and psychosocial stress. RESULTS Regardless of gender, the psychosocial stress score increasing trend between 2006 and 2016. The girls showed a variation in the feeling of loneliness from 18.7% to 22.8%, and suicide ideation increased from 10.4% to 14.2% between 2006 and 2016. All types of violence were associated with greater psychosocial stress for both boys and girls. CONCLUSION Adolescents had a higher prevalence of feelings of loneliness, difficulty sleeping due to worry and suicide ideation during the period from 2006 to 2016, regardless of gender. Exposure to violence is associated with psychosocial stress in both genders, however, the strongest associations occurred in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Bezerra
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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9
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Abstract
The relative roles of school context and individual student factors are of special interest to educators in measuring academic performance. Little is known about the effect of school violence on a student's academic performance and well-being. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of three types of school violence (direct violence, discrimination, and cyberbullying) on students' academic performance in standardized tests of mathematics, reading and history, and to identify individual student factors that contribute to reducing the negative effect of exposure to violence at school. We used 10th grade Chilean student data from the representative cross-sectional test of the Education Quality Measurement System (SIMCE in Spanish) from 2015. Multilevel linear models, adjusted for gender, incorporated other school and environmental contextual factors, as well as individual student factors. The results show that school violence in its three forms had a negative effect on academic performance. Student self-efficacy, educational expectations and satisfaction with interpersonal relations with their teachers, were important in reducing the negative effect of exposure to violence. The implications for the school are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Bravo-Sanzana
- Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú
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10
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Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Adu C, Cadri A, Mireku DO, Ahinkorah BO. Interpersonal violence among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the prevalence and predictors from the Global School-based health survey. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100929. [PMID: 34660877 PMCID: PMC8502764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal violence in adolescents has over the years grown into a serious public health problem that merits a robust intervention. This study, therefore, assessed the prevalence and predictors of interpersonal violence among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study involved a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Global School-based Health Survey conducted between 2012 and 2017 from eight sub-Saharan African countries. A total of 14,967 in-school adolescents aged 10-19 years were included in the pooled analysis. A multivariable binomial logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of interpersonal violence using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall prevalence of interpersonal violence among in-school adolescents in SSA was 53.7%. The odds of interpersonal violence were higher among adolescents who were bullied (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 2.23-2.85), had an injury (aOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 2.15-2.72), had suicidal attempts (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16-1.70), were truant (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.33-1.72), used alcohol (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.06-2.11), and used tobacco (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.23-1.74). In-school adolescents with peer support, parents or guardians bonding, those whose parents or guardians respected their privacy, and those aged 15 years or older were less likely to experience interpersonal violence. These factors provide education directors and school heads/teachers with relevant information to guide the design of specific interventions such as parent-teacher meetings and programs, peer educator network system, face-to-face counseling sessions, Rational Emotive Behavioural Education (REBE) and substance use cessation therapy to prevent interpersonal violence, particularly physical fights and attacks in school settings. Also, students should be sensitized on the negative effects of interpersonal violence and those who have been exposed to it should be counselled. School rules should be strengthened and appropriate punishment given to students who engage in violence baheviours in schools in order to deter others from engaging in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Services, James Cook University, Australia.,Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box, 257, Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abdul Cadri
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dickson Okoree Mireku
- Directorate of Academic Planning and Quality Assurance, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Le PA, Hoang VM, Tran TTH, Khuong QL, Takeuchi M, Nguyen TL, Pham TQN, Le VT, Tran QB, Park K. Violence and non-fatal injuries among Vietnamese in-school adolescents: national prevalence estimates and associated factors. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2021; 29:197-206. [PMID: 34547990 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.1979046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
School violence and injury are major public health problems worldwide. The data of this study were from the Viet Nam Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) - a nationally representative survey conducted in 2019, with a sample size of 7690 students aged 13-17 years old. We found the prevalence of violence and non-fatal injury to be 14.5% and 21.4%, respectively. Factors related to higher odds of violence and non-fatal injuries in both sexes included smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, having mental health problems (loneliness, worrying and suicidal thinking), and truancy. In contrast, parental monitoring was associated with lower odds of violence, and parental respect was a protective factor of both violence and non-fatal injuries. Students who experienced violence had a higher likelihood of having non-fatal injuries in both sexes. Future policies should consider individual factors and parent-child bonding, to mitigate the burden of violence and injury among in-school adolescents in Viet Nam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong-Anh Le
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Minh Hoang
- Center for Population Health Science, Ha Noi University of Public Health, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Tuyet Hanh Tran
- Department of Environmental Health, Ha Noi University of Public Health, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Long Khuong
- Center for Population Health Science, Ha Noi University of Public Health, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Momoe Takeuchi
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Lam Nguyen
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Quynh Nga Pham
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Tuan Le
- Department of Student Affairs, Ministry of Education and Training, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Quoc Bao Tran
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Kidong Park
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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12
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Romeiro JS, Corrêa MM, Pazó R, Leite FMC, Cade NV. Physical violence and associated factors in participants of the National Student Health Survey (NSHS). Cien Saude Colet 2021; 26:611-624. [PMID: 33605338 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021262.04552020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to analyze the association between physical violence in students with socioeconomic factors, family context, mental health, individual risky behaviors, and unsafe environment. Study with data from the National School Health Survey (NSHS) in 2015, with 9th graders. The outcome variable was the report of involvement in a physical struggle and the associated exposure variables used were related to socioeconomic and demographic conditions, family supervision and support, mental health, risky behaviors, and unsafe environment. Multivariate logistic regression with a hierarchical approach was used in the analyzes. The prevalence of involvement in a fight was higher in boys (30.2%; CI 29.3-31.0) than in girls (16.7%; CI 16.0-17.4). In both genders, there was a greater chance of involvement with physical violence when using drugs, missing classes, sedentary lifestyle, insomnia, loneliness and insecurity at school or in the community and, especially, when victimized by family aggression, OR 2.59 (CI 2.31-2.90) in boys and girls OR 2.42 (CI 2.17-2.71). There was a reduction in the chance of involvement in physical violence in boys because they were working and, in girls, when they study in a private school, having their problems and concerns welcomed by their parents or their participation in school activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Romeiro
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Bonfim. 29047-105 Vitória ES Brasil.
| | - Márcia Mara Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFES. Vitória ES Brasil
| | | | | | - Nágela Valadão Cade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Departamento de Enfermagem, UFES. Vitória ES Brasil
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13
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Bravo-Sanzana M, Miranda-Zapata E, Miranda H. Psychometric Analysis of a School Social Climate Scale: Input Elements for the Investigation and Promotion of Well-Being. Front Psychol 2020; 11:605326. [PMID: 33391124 PMCID: PMC7775310 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
School social climate from a multidimensional perspective is a focus of great interest in international research and educational and well-being public policies due to the high prevalence of interpersonal violence in adolescents, currently considered a global public health problem. The object of the present study was to assess the psychometric measurement capacity of a set of items to evaluate school social climate in the Student Context Questionnaire of the Chilean Education Quality Measurement System. The sample analyzed consisted of second-year high school students who replied to a Student Context Questionnaire in 2015 (n~158,572). Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were carried out in a measurement model to identify the presence of constructs and items of high homogeneity. The results showed an acceptable to a good fit in the final model, which consisted of 15 latent constructs, and also showed invariance for school administrative dependencies and invariance for sex. All the above implies a contribution to the public organisms that create standardized tests along with the investigation in compulsory secondary education measurement to prevent future violent behaviors, contribute to reducing interpersonal violence, and improve the well-being of the educational community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Bravo-Sanzana
- Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Edgardo Miranda-Zapata
- Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Horacio Miranda
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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14
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Wickramasinghe S, Gunawardena NS, Punyadasa D, Gunawardena S, Wickramasinghe C, Lokubalasooriya A, Peiris R, Senanayake S. Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan global school-based health survey. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1697. [PMID: 33183265 PMCID: PMC7664062 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem the world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; it is also the leading cause of death among adolescents in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using data from the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected using probabilities proportional to school enrollment size, from all schools in the country that have classes in grades 8-12. Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. The weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates. RESULTS During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among the two different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wounds (5.5%), followed by broken bones/dislocated joints (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as being of the male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration when designing school-based interventions to prevent adolescent injuries.
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15
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of interpersonal violence among in-school adolescents in Tanzania. Journal of Psychology in Africa 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2020.1796026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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