1
|
Mercadante S. The Use of Parenteral Opioids in Cancer Pain Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3778. [PMID: 37568594 PMCID: PMC10417386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids should be offered to patients with moderate-to-severe pain related to cancer or active cancer treatment unless contraindicated. Although oral administration of opioids is generally preferable, a parenteral route may be advisable and mandatory in some clinical circumstances. Parenteral administration of opioids may accelerate the achievement of analgesia. The intravenous route fits the need of rapid achievement of analgesia in patients poorly responsive to other opioids and provides a fast analgesia in patients with breakthrough pain, that has a specific temporal pattern requiring a rapid analgesic effect. When the oral route is unavailable for the presence of nausea, vomiting, or dysphagia. the parenteral route is one of the principal options. Opioids have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and should be chosen according to the individual needs. Thus, the knowledge and experience with these routes of administration are mandatory for anesthesiologists committed to cancer pain management.
Collapse
|
2
|
Poolman M, Roberts J, Wright S, Hendry A, Goulden N, Holmes EA, Byrne A, Perkins P, Hoare Z, Nelson A, Hiscock J, Hughes D, O'Connor J, Foster B, Reymond L, Healy S, Lewis P, Wee B, Johnstone R, Roberts R, Parkinson A, Roberts S, Wilkinson C. Carer administration of as-needed subcutaneous medication for breakthrough symptoms in people dying at home: the CARiAD feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-150. [PMID: 32484432 DOI: 10.3310/hta24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people who are dying want to be cared for at home, but only half of them achieve this. The likelihood of a home death often depends on the availability of able and willing lay carers. When people who are dying are unable to take oral medication, injectable medication is used. When top-up medication is required, a health-care professional travels to the dying person's home, which may delay symptom relief. The administration of subcutaneous medication by lay carers, although not widespread UK practice, has proven to be key in achieving better symptom control for those dying at home in other countries. OBJECTIVES To determine if carer administration of as-needed subcutaneous medication for common breakthrough symptoms in people dying at home is feasible and acceptable in the UK, and if it would be feasible to test this intervention in a future definitive randomised controlled trial. DESIGN We conducted a two-arm, parallel-group, individually randomised, open pilot trial of the intervention versus usual care, with a 1 : 1 allocation ratio, using convergent mixed methods. SETTING Home-based care without 24/7 paid care provision, in three UK sites. PARTICIPANTS Participants were dyads of adult patients and carers: patients in the last weeks of their life who wished to die at home and lay carers who were willing to be trained to give subcutaneous medication. Strict risk assessment criteria needed to be met before approach, including known history of substance abuse or carer ability to be trained to competency. INTERVENTION Intervention-group carers received training by local nurses using a manualised training package. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative data were collected at baseline and 6-8 weeks post bereavement and via carer diaries. Interviews with carers and health-care professionals explored attitudes to, experiences of and preferences for giving subcutaneous medication and experience of trial processes. The main outcomes of interest were feasibility, acceptability, recruitment rates, attrition and selection of the most appropriate outcome measures. RESULTS In total, 40 out of 101 eligible dyads were recruited (39.6%), which met the feasibility criterion of recruiting > 30% of eligible dyads. The expected recruitment target (≈50 dyads) was not reached, as fewer than expected participants were identified. Although the overall retention rate was 55% (22/40), this was substantially unbalanced [30% (6/20) usual care and 80% (16/20) intervention]. The feasibility criterion of > 40% retention was, therefore, considered not met. A total of 12 carers (intervention, n = 10; usual care, n = 2) and 20 health-care professionals were interviewed. The intervention was considered acceptable, feasible and safe in the small study population. The context of the feasibility study was not ideal, as district nurses were seriously overstretched and unfamiliar with research methods. A disparity in readiness to consider the intervention was demonstrated between carers and health-care professionals. Findings showed that there were methodological and ethics issues pertaining to researching last days of life care. CONCLUSION The success of a future definitive trial is uncertain because of equivocal results in the progression criteria, particularly poor recruitment overall and a low retention rate in the usual-care group. Future work regarding the intervention should include understanding the context of UK areas where this has been adopted, ascertaining wider public views and exploring health-care professional views on burden and risk in the NHS context. There should be consideration of the need for national policy and of the most appropriate quantitative outcome measures to use. This will help to ascertain if there are unanswered questions to be studied in a trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN11211024. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 25. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stella Wright
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Annie Hendry
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Nia Goulden
- North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Anthony Byrne
- Marie Curie Research Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Perkins
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK.,Sue Ryder Leckhampton Court Hospice, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Zoe Hoare
- North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Annmarie Nelson
- Marie Curie Research Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julia Hiscock
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Dyfrig Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Betty Foster
- Public Contributor, North Wales Cancer Patient Forum, North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre, Bodelwyddan, UK
| | - Liz Reymond
- Brisbane South Palliative Care Collaborative, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue Healy
- Metro South Palliative Care Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penney Lewis
- Centre for Medical Law and Ethics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bee Wee
- Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sian Roberts
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim G, Park YS, Lee Y, Jin YM, Choi DH, Ryu KH, Park YJ, Park KD, Jo I. Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin hydrogel therapy recovers postmenopausal osteoporosis through bone regeneration. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200111. [PMID: 29975738 PMCID: PMC6033433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated therapeutic potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) subcutaneously delivered to ovariectomized (OVX) mice for developing more safe and effective therapy for osteoporosis. TMSC were isolated from tonsil tissues of children undergoing tonsillectomy, and TMSC-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid hydrogel (TMSC-GHH) or TMSC alone were delivered subcutaneously to the dorsa of OVX mice. After 3 months, three-dimensionally reconstructed micro-computed tomographic images revealed better recovery of the femoral heads in OVX mice treated with TMSC-GHH. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were also recovered, indicating bone formation only in TMSC-GHH-treated mice, and absence in hypercalcemia or other severe macroscopic deformities showed biocompatibility of TMSC-GHH. Additionally, visceral fat reduction effects by TMSC-GHH further supported their therapeutic potential. TMSC provided therapeutic benefits toward osteoporosis only when embedded in GHH, and showed potential as a supplement or alternative to current therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyungah Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Major in Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Choi
- Major in Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paez K, Gregg M, Massion CT, Macy B. Promoting Excellence in Symptom Management Case Series: Case Study: A New Intervention for Rapid End-of-Life Symptom Control in the Home Setting. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2016; 18:498-504. [PMID: 29238269 PMCID: PMC5708715 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is compromised for nearly all patients at the end of life (EOL). This article reviews the benefits and burdens of the usual alternative routes of medication delivery when the oral route fails and presents a case study on the use of a new innovation for the rectal delivery of medication to control EOL symptoms. A 62-year-old male hospice patient with end-stage metastatic prostate cancer presented with severe symptoms (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability scale score, 9/10) that were uncontrollable with medications given via oral or sublingual routes. The patient goals were to remain at home with optimal symptom management. Rapid relief of symptoms was accomplished by the administration of medications already present in the home delivered with a new rectal catheter that provides discreet access for ongoing medication administration. Significant relief was noted within 20 minutes of dosing. The patient died peacefully 18 hours later, meeting his EOL goals, and the family was empowered to provide effective care for the patient at home. The family found the intervention easy to use. This case demonstrates how this new innovation can be used to ensure rapid symptom management and decreased burden of care by facilitating immediate and easy use of medications already present in the home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Paez
- is case manager, Hospice of Santa Cruz County, Scotts Valley, CA
| | - Meegan Gregg
- is case manager, Hospice of Santa Cruz County, Scotts Valley, CA
| | | | - Brad Macy
- is case manager, Hospice of Santa Cruz County, Scotts Valley, CA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitrea N, Mosoiu D, Vosit-Steller J, Rogozea L. Evaluation of the optimal positioning of subcutaneous butterfly when administering injectable opioids in cancer patients. Med Pharm Rep 2016; 89:486-492. [PMID: 27857517 PMCID: PMC5111488 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The increasing number of cancer patients, together with the development of new palliative care services in Romania, warrants the evaluation of nursing strategies meant to improve the level of comfort of patients who are suffering from advanced cancer. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the optimal positioning of the subcutaneous (sc) butterfly, in accordance with its resistance in the insertion tissue, the local complications that may occur, and the evaluation of the time of resistance at the insertion site (puncture) with the daily frequency of injectable opioid administration. Methods A prospective experimental pilot study was designed and conducted between January and May 2011. Patients admitted to the Hospice Casa Sperantei (Brasov, Romania) with moderate or severe cancer pain, who were receiving subcutaneously opioids, over the age of 18, with normal body index ranging from 18.5 – 22.0, were assigned randomly to one of two groups, after signing the informed consent. In group one, the butterfly was positioned with the needle bevel up – this was considered to be the control group as this modality of inserting the needle is considered standard practice; in group two the butterfly was positioned with the needle bevel down – experimental group. The drugs used for pain relief were sc tramadol for moderate pain and sc morphine for severe pain. Results Our research supported the hypothesis that the occurrence of local complications coincides with the decrease of sc butterfly resistance in time at the place of insertion, and the sc butterfly has a higher rate of resistance in time at the insertion site if the frequency of injectable opioids administration is lower (twice per day). Conclusion The positioning of the butterflies with the bevel down (experimental group) is associated with a longer resistance in time at the site of insertion, and causes fewer local complications compared to the sc butterflies positioned with the bevel up (control group).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Mitrea
- Department for Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Transylvania University Brasov, Romania
| | - Daniela Mosoiu
- Department for Medical and Surgical Specialties, Transylvania University Brasov, Romania
| | | | - Liliana Rogozea
- Department for Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Transylvania University Brasov, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lebon J, Fournier F, Bégin F, Hebert D, Fleet R, Foldes-Busque G, Tanguay A. Subcutaneous Fentanyl Administration: A Novel Approach for Pain Management in a Rural and Suburban Prehospital Setting. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2016; 20:648-56. [DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2016.1162887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
Kestenbaum MG, Vilches AO, Messersmith S, Connor SR, Fine PG, Murphy B, Davis M, Muir JC. Alternative routes to oral opioid administration in palliative care: a review and clinical summary. PAIN MEDICINE 2014; 15:1129-53. [PMID: 24995406 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major goal of palliative care is to provide comfort, and pain is one of the most common causes of treatable suffering in patients with advanced disease. Opioids are indispensable for pain management in palliative care and can usually be provided by the oral route, which is safe, effective, and of lowest cost in most cases. As patients near the end of life, however, the need for alternate routes of medication increases with up to 70% of patients requiring a nonoral route for opioid administration. In order to optimize patient care, it is imperative that clinicians understand existing available options of opioid administration and their respective advantages and disadvantages. METHODS We performed a literature review to describe the most commonly used and available routes that can substitute for oral opioid therapy and to provide a summary of factors affecting choice of opioid for use in palliative care in terms of benefits, indications, cautions, and general considerations. RESULTS Clinical circumstances will largely dictate appropriateness of the route selected. When the oral route is unavailable, subcutaneous, intravenous, and enteral routes are preferred in the palliative care population. The evidence supporting sublingual, buccal, rectal, and transdermal gel routes is mixed. CONCLUSIONS This review is not designed to be a critical appraisal of the quality of current evidence; rather, it is a summation of that evidence and of current clinical practices regarding alternate routes of opioid administration. In doing so, the overarching goal of this review is to support more informed clinical decision making.
Collapse
|
8
|
Parsons HA, Shukkoor A, Quan H, Delgado-Guay MO, Palmer JL, Fainsinger R, Bruera E. Intermittent subcutaneous opioids for the management of cancer pain. J Palliat Med 2009; 11:1319-24. [PMID: 19115891 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2008.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A Parsons
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Watanabe S, Pereira J, Tarumi Y, Hanson J, Bruera E. A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Comparison of Continuous and Intermittent Subcutaneous Administration of Opioid for Cancer Pain. J Palliat Med 2008; 11:570-4. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2007.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Watanabe
- Department of Symptom Control and Palliative Care, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jose Pereira
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausaanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoko Tarumi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Hanson
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Enck RE. Pain control at the end. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 1999; 16:564-5. [PMID: 10661063 DOI: 10.1177/104990919901600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|