Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Breast: Fact or Fiction? A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Breast in a Japanese Male with a BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant: Report of an Exceedingly Rare Case and Review of the Literature

INTRODUCTION

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a malignant neoplasm differentiated from the mature sebocyte and occurs mainly in the periorbital area. However, SC of the breast is extremely rare. We report a case of sebaceous breast carcinoma in a Japanese man with a BRCA2 pathogenic variant.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 77-year-old Japanese man had been aware of a mass in his right breast for about a year and had visited his previous physician for a follow-up. Over the next year, the mass grew, and the last doctor he visited referred him to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Physical examination revealed a palpable 3-cm-large mass of the right breast. There was no skin invasion, and core needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma cT2N1M0 cStage IIB, estrogen receptor (+)/progesterone receptor (+)/HER2/neu (-)/Ki-67 labeling index: 27.8%. His daughter had a history of breast cancer, and he had a BRCA2 pathogenic variant. The patient underwent a total right mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Pathological diagnosis was primary SC of the breast, pT2N0M0, pStage IIA. His postoperative clinical course was good. Postoperatively, the patient received endocrine therapy and S-1 for 1 year and is currently receiving endocrine therapy alone. One year and 5 months have passed since the operation, with no recurrence or metastasis noted.

CONCLUSIONS

The prognosis of SC of the breast has not been elucidated. As cases of SC with a BRCA2 pathogenic variant are exceedingly rare, it will be necessary to continue accumulating cases in the future to understand this disease further. This research is essential to elucidating SC.

Machine learning-guided synthesis of nanomaterials for breast cancer therapy

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor, which mostly occurs in female population and is caused by excessive proliferation of breast epithelial cells. Breast cancer can cause nipple discharge, breast lumps and other symptoms, but these symptoms lack certain specificity and are easily confused with other diseases, thus affecting the early treatment of the disease. Once the tumor progresses to the advanced stage, distant metastasis can occur, leading to dysfunction of the affected organs, and even threatening the patients' lives. In this study, we synthesized high drug-loading gel particles and applied them to control the release of insoluble drugs. This method is simple to prepare, cost-effective, and validates their potential in breast cancer therapy. We first characterized the morphology and physicochemical properties of gel loaded with newly synthesized compound 1 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Using newly synthesized insoluble compound 1 as a model drug, its efficacy in treating breast cancer was investigated. The results showed that hydrogel@compound 1 was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Additionally, we utilized machine learning to screen three structurally similar compounds, which showed promising therapeutic effects, providing a new approach for the development of novel small-molecule drugs.

Cytomorphological features of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast

Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare histological subtype of breast cancer, with fewer than 30 cases reported to date. Because of its extremely rare histological presentation, there are few case reports that highlight its cytological findings. In this case report, the cytomorphological features of a sebaceous carcinoma of the breast are described in detail. Cytomorphological analysis revealed atypical cells presenting predominantly as loose clusters. No tubular or papillary structures were evident in the clusters and no mucin production was observed. The diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast requires prominent sebaceous differentiation of cells. In Papanicolaou-stained smears, the differentiated tumor cells were found within the yellowish clusters. When these yellowish clusters were observed at high magnification and shifted out of focus, the sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells could be recognized. This finding is an advantage of observing Papanicolaou-stained specimens. Like previous reports, some individual cells showing sebaceous differentiation were also observed. In cases where many yellowish clusters appear, close observation of the interior of the clusters can confirm the presence of sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells and serve as a diagnostic clue for the cytological diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast.

Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Wrist in an Elderly Woman: A Case Report

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cutaneous malignancy most commonly arising from the periocular area. Extraocular locations of sebaceous carcinomas, particularly outside of the head and neck region, are rare and not well-described. We report a case of an 89-year-old Caucasian female with sebaceous carcinoma of the right wrist. She initially presented with a 1.2-centimeter friable nodule on the right wrist. Initial shave biopsy and subsequent pathologic evaluation revealed a basaloid neoplasm with sebaceous differentiation, atypia, and frequent mitoses, consistent with sebaceous carcinoma. The presented case reviews common clinical features and the pertinent histopathology of ocular and extraocular sebaceous carcinoma and provides a literature review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.