1
|
Böhm H, Stebbins J, Kothari A, Dussa CU. Dynamic Gait Analysis in Paediatric Flatfeet: Unveiling Biomechanical Insights for Diagnosis and Treatment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:604. [PMID: 38790599 PMCID: PMC11119624 DOI: 10.3390/children11050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flatfeet in children are common, causing concern for parents due to potential symptoms. Technological advances, like 3D foot kinematic analysis, have revolutionized assessment. This review examined 3D assessments in paediatric idiopathic flexible flat feet (FFF). METHODS Searches focused on paediatric idiopathic FFF in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria required 3D kinematic and/or kinetic analysis during posture or locomotion, excluding non-idiopathic cases, adult feet, and studies solely on pedobarography or radiographs. RESULTS Twenty-four studies met the criteria. Kinematic and kinetic differences between FFF and typical feet during gait were outlined, with frontal plane deviations like hindfoot eversion and forefoot supination, alongside decreased second peak vertical GRF. Dynamic foot classification surpassed static assessments, revealing varied movement patterns within FFF. Associations between gait characteristics and clinical measures like pain symptoms and quality of life were explored. Interventions varied, with orthoses reducing ankle eversion and knee and hip abductor moments during gait, while arthroereisis normalized calcaneal alignment and hindfoot eversion. CONCLUSIONS This review synthesises research on 3D kinematics and kinetics in paediatric idiopathic FFF, offering insights for intervention strategies and further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Böhm
- Orthopaedic Hospital for Children, Treatment Center Aschau im Chiemgau, 83229 Aschau im Chiemgau, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Health Göttingen, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julie Stebbins
- Oxford University Hospitals NHSFT, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alpesh Kothari
- Oxford University Hospitals NHSFT, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Chakravarthy Ughandar Dussa
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Komatsu T, Tateuchi H, Hirono T, Yamagata M, Ichihashi N. Influence of ankle invertor muscle fatigue on workload of the lower extremity joints during single-leg landing in the sagittal and frontal planes. Gait Posture 2024; 110:29-34. [PMID: 38471425 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient rigidity of the foot owing to its ligaments and muscles can decrease the attenuation of the ground reaction force during landing. Therefore, dysfunction of the ankle invertors may increase the proximal joint load during landing. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the effects of the fatigued ankle invertors on workload in the lower extremity joints during single-leg landing? METHODS Twenty-seven young adults (13 men and 14 women) performed landing trials in the forward and medial directions before and after exercise-induced fatigue of the ankle invertors. The exercise consisted of repeated concentric and eccentric ankle inversions until the maximum torque was below 80% of the baseline value. Negative joint workload during the landing tasks was calculated for the hip, knee, and ankle in the sagittal and frontal planes. Additionally, lower extremity work (the sum of the work of the hip, knee, and ankle) was calculated. RESULTS Invertor fatiguing exercise resulted in a significant increase in negative joint work in the frontal and sagittal plane hip and the frontal plane knee during medial landing, whereas no significant change in negative joint work was observed during forward landing. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggested that ankle invertor dysfunction may induce a high load on the proximal joints and have direction-specific effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Komatsu
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Tateuchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Momoko Yamagata
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89 Uyama Higashimachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1136, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Behling AV, Welte L, Kelly L, Rainbow MJ. Human in vivo midtarsal and subtalar joint kinematics during walking, running and hopping. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240074. [PMID: 38807524 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction among joints of the midtarsal complex and subtalar joint is important for locomotor function; however, its complexity poses substantial challenges in quantifying the joints' motions. We determine the mobility of these joints across locomotion tasks and investigate the influence of individual talus morphology on their motion. Using highly accurate biplanar videoradiography, three-dimensional bone kinematics were captured during walking, running and hopping. We calculated the axis of rotation of the midtarsal complex and subtalar joint for the landing and push-off phases. A comparison was made between these rotation axes and the morphological subtalar axis. Measurement included total rotation about and the orientation of the rotation axes in the direction of the subtalar joint and its deviation via spatial angles for both phases. The rotation axes of all three bones relative to the talus closely align with the morphological subtalar axis. This suggests that the midtarsal and subtalar joints' motions might be described by one commonly oriented axis. Despite having such an axis, the location of the axes and ranges of motion differed among the bones. Our results provide a novel perspective of healthy foot function across different sagittal plane-dominant locomotion tasks underscoring the importance of quantifying midtarsal complex and subtalar motion while accounting for an individual's talus morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja-Verena Behling
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Welte
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke Kelly
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical & Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health Sciences & Social Work, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo Y, Guo L, Huang X, Wu D, Zhao X, Wang S. Effects of added trunk load on the in vivo kinematics of talocrural and subtalar joints during landing. Gait Posture 2024; 110:122-128. [PMID: 38569401 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Landing from heights is a common movement for active-duty military personnel during training. And the additional load they carry while performing these tasks can affect the kinetics and ankle kinematic of the landing. Traditional motion capture techniques are limited in accurately capturing the in vivo kinematics of the talus. This study aims to investigate the effect of additional trunk load on the kinematics of the talocrural and subtalar joints during landing, using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS). METHODS Fourteen healthy male participants were recruited. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on the right ankle of each participant to create three-dimensional (3D) models of the talus, tibia, and calcaneus. High-speed DFIS was used to capture the images of participants performing single-leg landing jumps from a height of 40 cm. A weighted vest was used to apply additional load, with a weight of 16 kg. Fluoroscopic images were acquired with or without additional loading condition. Kinematic data were obtained by importing the DFIS data and the 3D models in virtual environment software for 2D-3D registration. The kinematics and kinetics were compared between with or without additional loading conditions. RESULTS During added trunk loading condition, the medial-lateral translation range of motion (ROM) at the talocrural joint significantly increased (p < 0.05). The subtalar joint showed more extension at 44-56 ms (p < 0.05) after contact. The subtalar joint was more eversion at 40-48 ms (p < 0.05) after contact under the added trunk load condition. The peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) significantly increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS With the added trunk load, there is a significant increase in peak vGRF during landing. The medial-lateral translation ROM of the talocrural joint increases. And the kinematics of the subtalar joint are affected. The observed biomechanical changes may be associated with the high incidence of stress fractures in training with added load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Luo
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Luqi Guo
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobai Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sagawa Y, Yamada T, Ohmi T, Moriyama Y, Kato J. Differences in lower extremity kinematics during single-leg lateral drop landing of healthy individuals, injured but asymptomatic patients, and patients with chronic ankle instability- a cross-sectional observational study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297660. [PMID: 38512894 PMCID: PMC10956788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The lower-extremity kinematics associated with forward jump landing after an ankle injury is known to differ for patients with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), copers (injured but asymptomatic patients), and healthy individuals. However, the differences in the lower extremity kinematics of these groups associated with a Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing (SLDL) are unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the lower limb and foot kinematics during SLDL in CAI patients and to compare these characteristics with those of the copers and healthy individuals. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Nineteen participants, each, were selected from the CAI, Coper, and control groups. The lower-extremity kinematics during SLDL was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis over an interval progressing from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing. Either one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the attributes of the respective groups, with each parameter measured every 10 ms. The maximum values and excursions of the parameters were established over time intervals progressing from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing. Significant observations were subjected to post hoc analysis. Compared to the Coper group, the CAI group exhibited significantly smaller hip adduction angles at 160 ms, ankle dorsiflexion angles in the 110-150 ms interval, and maximum ankle dorsiflexion angles after landing. Compared to the control group, the CAI group exhibited significantly smaller excursions of MH inversion/eversion after landing. Our findings confirm the necessity of focusing on the kinematics of hip adduction/abduction and plantar/dorsiflexion during SLDL in evaluating patients with ankle injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohmi
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Moriyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Division of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Metropolitan Rehabilitation Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Karadacare Business Development Office, NEC Livex, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sato T, Iida K, Ohkawa T, Fukui T. Relationship between ankle-foot-complex mobility during static loading and frontal moment impulses of knee and hip joints during the stance phase. Gait Posture 2024; 108:301-306. [PMID: 38181482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle-foot-complex mobility impairments, which can be assessed by the difference between the sitting and standing positions, are related to an increase in the load on the knee and hip joints during the stance phase of the gait. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the relationship between the ankle-foot-complex mobility during static weight bearing and the mechanical stresses on the knee and hip joints throughout the stance phase? METHODS Ankle-foot-complex mobility and gait data were collected from 26 healthy adults. The complex mobility was established by comparing the foot indices, measured using a three-dimensional foot scanner, in sitting and standing positions. The gait data were acquired using eight cameras (recording at 100 Hz) and three force plates (recording at 1000 Hz). Stance phase data were collected via ground reaction forces. The stance phase was dissected into shock absorption and propulsion phases, during which the external knee and hip adduction moment impulses (KAMi, HAMi) were recorded. The correlation between the ankle-foot-complex mobility during static weight bearing and KAMi and HAMi during the stance phase was examined using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients. RESULTS This study revealed that KAMi correlated with medial malleolus mobility (r = -0.44) throughout the stance phase. Furthermore, in the propulsive phase, KAMi correlated with calcaneus (r = 0.51) and navicular (r = -0.50) mobilities, whereas HAMi correlated with calcaneus mobility (r = -0.40). SIGNIFICANCE The study provides insights into the relationship between the static mobility of the ankle-foot complex in healthy individuals and mechanical stress during the stance phase. Calcaneus and navicular mobilities were related to efficient push-off in the propulsive phase. Medial malleolus mobility was related to the control of the lateral tilt of the lower limb and ankle dorsiflexion motion throughout the stance phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196 Kamekubo, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-8533, Japan.
| | - Kai Iida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196 Kamekubo, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-8533, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohkawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196 Kamekubo, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-8533, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fukui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196 Kamekubo, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-8533, Japan; Health Care Science, Graduate School, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1-19-1 Mukogaoka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8668, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suda E, Vieira M, Matias A, Gomide R, Sacco I. Running intralimb coordination patterns after a foot core exercise program in recreational runners. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13124. [PMID: 38265344 PMCID: PMC10802229 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a foot core intervention on the coordination of foot joints in recreational runners. This was a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial conducted with 87 recreational runners allocated to the control group (CG), which followed a placebo lower limb stretching protocol, or the intervention group (IG), which underwent an 8-week (3 times/week) foot core training. The participants ran on a force-instrumented treadmill at a self-selected speed (9.5-10.5 km/h) while the foot segment motion was captured. The vector coding technique was used to assess inter-joint coordination for four selected coupled segment and joint angles. The coordination patterns of the calcaneus and midfoot (CalMid) and midfoot and metatarsus (MidMet) joint pairs were affected. In the frontal plane, IG showed an in-phase with proximal dominancy coordination at heel strike, with a decrease in its frequency after the training (P=0.018), suggesting a longer foot supination. Additionally, IG showed an anti-phase with distal dominancy pattern at early stance compared to CG due to a smaller but earlier inversion of the CalMid-MidMet pair (P=0.020). The intervention also had an effect on the transverse plane of the CalMid-MidMet pair, with IG showing a significantly greater frequency of anti-phase coordination with proximal dominancy during propulsion than CG (P=0.013), probably due to a reduction in the CalMid abduction. Overall, the results suggested that the foot core intervention reduces the occurrence of running-related injuries by increasing the resistance to calcaneus pronation and building a more rigid and efficient lever during push-off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E.Y. Suda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.F. Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioengenharia e Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - A.B. Matias
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R.S. Gomide
- Laboratório de Bioengenharia e Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - I.C.N. Sacco
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Behling AV, Rainbow MJ, Welte L, Kelly L. Chasing footprints in time - reframing our understanding of human foot function in the context of current evidence and emerging insights. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2136-2151. [PMID: 37489055 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review we evaluate foundational biomechanical theories of human foot function in light of new data acquired with technology that was not available to early researchers. The formulation and perpetuation of early theories about foot function largely involved scientists who were medically trained with an interest in palaeoanthropology, driven by a desire to understand human foot pathologies. Early observations of people with flat feet and foot pain were analogized to those of our primate ancestors, with the concept of flat feet being a primitive trait, which was a driving influence in early foot biomechanics research. We describe the early emergence of the mobile adaptor-rigid lever theory, which was central to most biomechanical theories of human foot function. Many of these theories attempt to explain how a presumed stiffening behaviour of the foot enables forward propulsion. Interestingly, none of the subsequent theories have been able to explain how the foot stiffens for propulsion. Within this review we highlight the key omission that the mobile adaptor-rigid lever paradigm was never experimentally tested. We show based on current evidence that foot (quasi-)stiffness does not actually increase prior to, nor during propulsion. Based on current evidence, it is clear that the mechanical function of the foot is highly versatile. This function is adaptively controlled by the central nervous system to allow the foot to meet the wide variety of demands necessary for human locomotion. Importantly, it seems that substantial joint mobility is essential for this function. We suggest refraining from using simple, mechanical analogies to explain holistic foot function. We urge the scientific community to abandon the long-held mobile adaptor-rigid lever paradigm, and instead to acknowledge the versatile and non-linear mechanical behaviour of a foot that is adapted to meet constantly varying locomotory demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja-Verena Behling
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland, Union Rd, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lauren Welte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Luke Kelly
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland, Union Rd, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rühling M, Kirschbaum SM, Perka C, Graef F. Increased ankle pain after total knee arthroplasty is associated with a preoperative lateralized gait and talar tilt, but not with ankle laxity or the range of motion of the subtalar joint. Bone Joint J 2023; 105-B:1159-1167. [PMID: 37907076 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.105b11.bjj-2023-0419.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may provoke ankle symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate the impact of the preoperative mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), the talar tilt (TT) on ankle symptoms after TKA, and assess changes in the range of motion (ROM) of the subtalar joint, foot posture, and ankle laxity. Methods Patients who underwent TKA from September 2020 to September 2021 were prospectively included. Inclusion criteria were primary end-stage osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence stage IV) of the knee. Exclusion criteria were missed follow-up visit, post-traumatic pathologies of the foot, and neurological disorders. Radiological angles measured included the mTFA, hindfoot alignment view angle, and TT. The Foot Function Index (FFI) score was assessed. Gait analyses were conducted to measure mediolateral changes of the gait line and ankle laxity was tested using an ankle arthrometer. All parameters were acquired one week pre- and three months postoperatively. Results A total of 69 patients (varus n = 45; valgus n = 24) underwent TKA and completed the postoperative follow-up visit. Of these, 16 patients (23.2%) reported the onset or progression of ankle symptoms. Varus patients with increased ankle symptoms after TKA had a significantly higher pre- and postoperative TT. Valgus patients with ankle symptoms after TKA showed a pathologically lateralized gait line which could not be corrected through TKA. Patients who reported increased ankle pain neither had a decreased ROM of the subtalar joint nor increased ankle laxity following TKA. The preoperative mTFA did not correlate with the postoperative FFI (r = 0.037; p = 0.759). Conclusion Approximately one-quarter of the patients developed ankle pain after TKA. If patients complain about ankle symptoms after TKA, standing radiographs of the ankle and a gait analysis could help in detecting a malaligned TT or a pathological gait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rühling
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Perka
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Graef
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bassett KE, Charles SK, Bruening DA. The signed helical angle: A technique for characterizing midfoot motion during gait. J Biomech 2023; 159:111791. [PMID: 37734183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying motion in the midfoot during gait and other movements is important for a variety of applications, but challenging due to the complexity of the multiple small articulations involved. The most common motion capture based techniques are limited in their ability to characterize the non-planar nature of the midfoot joint axes. In this study we developed a novel Signed Helical Angle (SHA) to quantify midfoot angular displacement. Motion capture data from 40 healthy subjects walking at a controlled speed were used to calculate finite helical axes and angles from a two-segment foot model. Axes were classified as either pronation or supination based on their orientation, and given a sign, thus either adding to or subtracting from the angular displacement. Analysis focused on insights from axis orientation and comparisons to other techniques. Results showed that when transitions were excluded, pronation and supination axes were fairly well clustered in the transverse plane. The resulting SHA midfoot angle waveform was comparable to sagittal plane Euler and helical component waveforms, but with 39% (approximately 3°) greater range of motion in pronation and 25% (approximately 4°) greater in supination, due to the direct measurement of the motion path and the influence of the other planes. The proposed SHA method may provide an intuitive and useful method to analyze midfoot motion for a variety of applications, particularly when interventions cause subtle changes that may be diluted in planar analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk E Bassett
- Brigham Young University, Mechanical Engineering Department, USA
| | - Steven K Charles
- Brigham Young University, Mechanical Engineering Department, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Austin IS, Norrish A, Lloyd R, Brassett C, Pasapula C. Differential contribution of lateral plantar foot ligaments to lateral column stability - A cadaver based sectioning analysis. Foot (Edinb) 2023; 56:102003. [PMID: 36966558 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lateral column (LC) instability occurs in adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). Differential ligament contribution to LC stability is unknown. The primary aim was to quantify this by using cadaver sectioning of lateral plantar ligaments. We also determined the relative contribution of each ligament to dorsal translation of the metatarsal head in the sagittal plane. 17 below-knee cadaveric specimens, preserved by vascular embalming method, were dissected to expose plantar fascia, long/short plantar ligaments (L/SPL), calcaneocuboid (CC) capsule and inferior 4th/5th tarsometatarsal (TMT) capsule. Dorsal forces of 0 N, 20 N and 40 N were applied to the plantar 5th metatarsal head after sequential ligament sectioning in different orders. Pins provided linear axes on each bone, allowing relative angular bone displacements to be calculated. Photography and ImageJ processing software were then used for analysis. The LPL (and CC capsule) had the greatest contribution to metatarsal head motion (107 mm) after isolated sectioning. In the absence of other ligaments, sectioning these resulted in significantly increased hindfoot-forefoot angulation (p ≤ 0.0003). Isolated TMT capsule sectioning demonstrated significant angular displacement even when other ligaments remained intact (with intact L/SPL, p = 0.0005). CC joint instability required both LPL and capsular sectioning for significant angulation to occur, whilst TMT joint stability was largely dependent on its capsule. The relative contribution of static restraints to the lateral arch has not yet been quantified. This study provides useful information on relative ligament contribution to both CC and TMT joint stability, which may in turn improve understanding of surgical interventions used to restore arch stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chandra Pasapula
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chrastek D, El-Mousili M, Al-Sukaini A, Austin IS, Yanduru T, Cutts S, Pasapula C. Quantifying increased lateral column instability in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD). Foot (Edinb) 2023; 56:102036. [PMID: 37271102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AAFD comprises ligamentous failure and tendon overload, mainly focused on the symptomatic posterior tibial tendon and the spring ligament. Increased lateral column (LC) instability arising in AAFD is not defined or quantified. This study aims to quantify the increased LC motion in unilateral symptomatic planus feet, using the contralateral unaffected asymptomatic foot as an internal control. In this case matched analysis, 15 patients with unilateral stage 2 AAFD foot and an unaffected contralateral foot were included. Lateral foot translation was measured as a guide to spring ligament competency. Medial and LC dorsal sagittal instability were assessed by direct measurement of dorsal 1st and 4th/5th metatarsal head motion and further video analysis. The mean increase in dorsal LC sagittal motion (between affected vs unaffected foot) was 5.6 mm (95% CI [4.63-6.55], p < 0.001). The mean increase in the lateral translation score was 42.8 mm (95% CI [37.48-48.03], p < 0.001). The mean increase in medial column dorsal sagittal motion was 6.8 mm (95% CI [5.7-7.8], p < 0.001). Video analysis also showed a statistically significant increase in LC dorsal sagittal motion between affected and unaffected sides (p < 0.001). This is the first study that quantifies a statistically significant increased LC dorsal motion in feet with AAFD. Understanding its pathogenesis and its link to talonavicular/spring ligament laxity improves foot assessment and may allow the development of future preventative treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Chrastek
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UY, UK.
| | - Mahmoud El-Mousili
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn, Gayton Road, King's Lynn, Norfolk PE30 4ET, UK
| | - Ahmad Al-Sukaini
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Isabel S Austin
- University of Cambridge, The Old Schools, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Trisha Yanduru
- Canyon Crest Academy, 5951 Village Centre Loop Rd, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Steve Cutts
- James Paget University Hospital, Lowestoft Road, Gorleston-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth NR31 6LA, UK
| | - Chandra Pasapula
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn, Gayton Road, King's Lynn, Norfolk PE30 4ET, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kołodziej Ł, Ciechanowicz D, Wójtowicz M, Król M, Szabałowska M, Kwiatkowski S, Szymczak M, Czajka R. Prospective, Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Extra-Osseous Talotarsal Stabilization (EOTTS) Using HyProCure in Adult Patients with Talotarsal Joint Instability: Assessment of Physical Activity and Patient Satisfaction. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4872. [PMID: 37510987 PMCID: PMC10381448 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The partial dislocation of the talus from the calcaneus and navicular bones is a primary factor leading to a prolonged overpronation during weightbearing. This study aimed to assess the possibility of returning to physical activity and long-term patient satisfaction after an extra-osseous talotarsal stabilization (EOTTS) procedure with a HyProCure sinus tarsi implant for partial talotarsal joint dislocation (TTJ). METHODS A total of 41 adult patients (61 feet), with an average age of 46.41, were included and treated surgically with EOTTS as a stand-alone surgery. Physical activity and functional scores were assessed pre- and post-operatively using questionnaires-the UCLA Activity Score, Symptom-Related Ankle Activity Scale (SAAS), Sports Frequency Score (SFS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), and VAS scale. Satisfaction was assessed on a ten-point scale. The follow-up period was on average 8.61 years (from 7.33 to 10.31). RESULTS EOTTS had a positive impact on physical activity, and a high rate of patient satisfaction (8.95 ± 1.9) was noted. The treatment led to a reduction in foot pain, as well as an increase in SAAS and LEFS scores (15,6% and 19,3%, respectively, p <0.01). The VAS pain score decreased by 18,6% (p <0.001). SFS and UCLA scores showed a small increase, but it was not statistically significant. A positive correlation was noted between patient satisfaction and time of physical activity per week (R = 0.33, p =0.04), and also between patient satisfaction and SAAS scores (R = 0.43, p =0.005). Pain from other joints (knee, hip) was eliminated or reduced in 40% of patients after surgery. CONCLUSIONS EOTTS with a HyProCure implant is an effective long-term treatment option for partial talotarsal joint dislocation, leading to a reduction in foot pain and increased patient satisfaction, and allowing for a return to physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kołodziej
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dawid Ciechanowicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Wójtowicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Król
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szabałowska
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Radomir Czajka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoveizavi R, Gao F, Ramirez VJ, Shuman BR, Joiner JC, Fisher SJ. Compromised neuromuscular function of walking in people with diabetes: a narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110802. [PMID: 37356728 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review summarizes recent studies that have investigated the neuromuscular dysfunction of walking in people with diabetes and its relationship to ulcer formation. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search in the database (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and PubMed) was performed for articles pertaining to diabetes and gait biomechanics. RESULTS The Achilles tendon is thicker and stiffer in those with diabetes. People with diabetes demonstrate changes in walking kinematics and kinetics, including slower self-selected gait speed, shorter stride length, longer stance phase duration, and decreased ankle, knee, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint range of motion. EMG is altered during walking and may reflect diabetes-induced changes in muscle synergies. Synergies are notable because they provide a more holistic pattern of muscle activations and can help develop better tools for characterizing disease progression. CONCLUSION Diabetes compromises neuromuscular coordination and function. The mechanisms contributing to ulcer formation are incompletely understood. Diabetes-related gait impairments may be a significant independent risk factor for the development of foot ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Hoveizavi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health promotions, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health promotions, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Vanessa J Ramirez
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Shuman
- RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua C Joiner
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Simon J Fisher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schmidt S, Böhm H, Dussa CU, Bienias K, Fujak A. Characteristic 3D foot motion patterns during gait of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth identified by cluster analysis. Gait Posture 2023; 104:43-50. [PMID: 37307763 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CMT is a clinically and genetically heterogenous disease with varying degrees of progression. Different foot deformities, gait and movement patterns are observed. In order to achieve an improved, targeted treatment strategy, the participants are divided into characteristic groups using a mathematical cluster analysis based on the data from the three-dimensional foot kinematics during walking. METHODS Outpatients from age 5-64 years (N = 33 participants, 62 feet) with a proven CMT type 1 (N = 16, 31 feet) or CMT without any further type assignment (N = 17, 31 feet) were retrospectively analyzed. After a standard clinical examination, participants underwent 3D gait analysis using the Oxford Foot Model. To classify the movement patterns, a k-means cluster analysis was calculated based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of the foot kinematics data. Gait parameters, clinical parameters and X-ray data were statistically tested. RESULTS The cluster analysis divided the gait data of the participants into two groups. Cluster 1 (N = 21 participants, 34 feet) showed increased dorsiflexion of the hindfoot and increased plantarflexion of the forefoot with cavus position in the sagittal plane, a hindfoot inversion and forefoot pronation with hindfoot varus in the frontal plane and in the transversal plane a forefoot adduction. Cluster 2 (N = 17 participants, 28 feet) deviated significantly from the norm mainly in the frontal plane and were characterized by a strong eversion of the hindfoot with a supination in the forefoot. DISCUSSION Based on the findings, the resultant clusters can be interpreted as cavovarus feet (cluster 1) and pes valgus (cluster 2). The most reliable variables in the 3D gait analysis to classify CMT feet with regard to significance are the ones in the frontal plane. This subdivision of participants goes hand in hand with the various necessary guidelines for orthopedic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selena Schmidt
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric and Neuro Orthopaedics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Harald Böhm
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedische Kinderklinik, Bernauerstrasse 18, D-83209 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany
| | - Chakravarthy U Dussa
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric and Neuro Orthopaedics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedische Kinderklinik, Bernauerstrasse 18, D-83209 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany
| | | | - Albert Fujak
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric and Neuro Orthopaedics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beltran LS, Zuluaga N, Verbitskiy A, Bencardino JT. Imaging of Acute Ankle and Foot Sprains. Radiol Clin North Am 2023; 61:319-344. [PMID: 36739148 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ankle and foot injuries are very common injuries in the general population, and more so in athletes. MR imaging is the optimal modality to evaluate for ligamentous injuries of the ankle and associated conditions after ankle sprain. In this article, the authors discuss the epidemiology, biomechanics, normal anatomy, and pathology of the ankle as well as injuries of the hindfoot and midfoot that are often associated with ankle injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis S Beltran
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nicolas Zuluaga
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Verbitskiy
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jenny T Bencardino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sato T, Fukui T, Kawata S, Nagahori K, Miyaso H, Li Z, Omotehara T, Itoh M. The interrelationship between three-dimensional foot mobility and bodyweight bearing. J Phys Ther Sci 2023; 35:199-203. [PMID: 36866006 PMCID: PMC9974320 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.35.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To clarify the three-dimensional nature of foot mobility and its interrelationships within the foot due to bodyweight bearing. [Participants and Methods] Data regarding left foot mobility due to body weight bearing were collected from 31 healthy adults. Foot shape differences while sitting and standing, and their interrelationship were examined. The same examiner reapplied the landmark stickers when misaligned during measurement position changes. [Results] The foot length, heel width, forefoot width, hallux valgus angle, and calcaneus eversion angle were significantly larger in the standing than in sitting position. The digitus minimus varus angle was significantly smaller in the standing than in sitting position. The medial and lateral malleoli, navicular, and dorsum of the foot were displaced medially and inferiorly; the other indices, except for the midfoot, were displaced anteriorly. The interrelationships within the foot showed a positive correlation between the calcaneus eversion angle and the medial displacement of the medial and lateral malleoli, navicular, and dorsum of the foot points. There was a negative correlation between the calcaneus eversion angle and inferior displacement of the medial malleolus, navicular, and dorsum of the foot. [Conclusion] The intra-foot coordination relationship in response to bodyweight bearing was clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Sato
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science
Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan,Corresponding author. Toshihiko Sato (E-mail: )
| | - Tsutomu Fukui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science
Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan, Health Care Science, Graduate School, Bunkyo Gakuin
University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawata
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kenta Nagahori
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Miyaso
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Zhonglian Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takuya Omotehara
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical
University: 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Functional gait analysis reveals insufficient hindfoot compensation for varus and valgus osteoarthritis of the knee. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:1233-1242. [PMID: 36840777 PMCID: PMC10079753 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hindfoot is believed to compensate varus and valgus deformities of the knee by eversion and inversion movements. But these mechanisms were merely found in static radiologic measurements. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess dynamic foot posture during gait using pressure-sensitive wireless insoles in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and frontal knee deformities. METHODS Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were prospectively included in this study. Patients were clinically and radiologically (mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), hindfoot alignment view angle (HAVA), and talar tilt (TT)) exa mined. Gait line analysis was conducted using pressure-sensitive digital shoe insoles. RESULTS Eighty-two patients (varus n = 52, valgus n = 30) were included in this prospective clinical study. Radiologically, the mTFA significantly correlated with the HAVA (cor = -0.72, p < 0.001) and with the TT (Pearson's cor = 0.32, p < 0.006). Gait analysis revealed that the gait lines in varus knee osteoarthritis were lateralized, despite the hindfoot valgus. In valgus knee osteoarthritis, gait lines were medialized, although the hindfoot compensated by varization. CONCLUSIONS Functional dynamic gait analysis could demonstrate that the hindfoot is not able to sufficiently compensate for frontal malalignments of the knee joint, contrary to static radiologic findings. This led to a narrowing of the joint space of the ankle medially in varus and laterally in valgus knee osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Casciato DJ, Bischoff A, Mendicino RW. Anatomic Description of the Calcaneocuboid Joint: Implications for Staple Fixation. J Foot Ankle Surg 2023; 62:568-570. [PMID: 36868929 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the anatomy of the calcaneocuboid (CCJ) remains essential when selecting staple fixation to optimize osseous purchase during rearfoot procedures. This anatomic study quantitatively describes the CCJ in relation to staple fixation sites. The calcaneus and cuboid from 10 cadavers were dissected. Widths at 5 mm and 10 mm increments away from the joint were measured in dorsal, midline, and plantar thirds of each bone. The widths between each position's 5 mm and 10 mm increments were compared using the Student's t test. The widths among the positions at both distances were compared using an ANOVA then post hoc testing. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The middle (23 ± 3 mm) and plantar third (18 ± 3 mm) of the calcaneus at the 10 mm interval was greater than the 5 mm interval (p = .04). At 5 mm distal to the CCJ, the dorsal third of the cuboid maintained a statistically significant greater width than the plantar third (p = .02). The 5 mm (p = .001) and 10 mm (p = .005) dorsal calcaneus widths as well as the 5 mm (p = .003) and 10 mm (p = .007) middle calcaneus widths were significantly greater than the plantar widths. This investigation supports the use of 20 mm staple 10 mm away from the CCJ in dorsal and midline orientations. Care should be taken when placing a plantar staple within 10 mm proximal to the CCJ as the legs may extend beyond the medial cortex compared to dorsal and midline placements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Bischoff
- Resident Physician, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim J, Hoffman J, Steineman B, Eble SK, Roberts LE, Ellis SJ, Drakos MC. Kinematic Analysis of Sequential Partial-Midfoot Arthrodesis in Simulated Gait Cadaver Model. Foot Ankle Int 2022; 43:1587-1594. [PMID: 36239404 DOI: 10.1177/10711007221125226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis is gaining popularity in the surgical treatment of Lisfranc injuries. However, few studies have evaluated biomechanical effects of TMT arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics of joints adjacent to the midfoot during simulations of stance before and after sequential arthrodesis of the first, second, and third TMT joints. METHODS Ten midtibia cadaveric specimens were loaded on a 6-degree-of-freedom robotic gait simulator. Motion capture cameras were used to collect joint kinematics throughout simulations of the stance phase. Simulations were performed for the intact and sequential arthrodesis conditions of the first, second, and third TMT joints. The sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane rotational kinematics of the intact condition were compared to kinematics after each sequential arthrodesis condition. RESULTS Sequential arthrodesis of the first and second TMT joints had no significant effect on ankle, subtalar, talonavicular, and first metatarsophalangeal joint motion during simulated stance when compared to the intact condition. In contrast, inclusion of the third TMT joint into the sequential arthrodesis significantly increased subtalar inversion (P = .032) in late stance and increased range of motion values in the ankle and subtalar joints by 2.1 degrees (P = .009) and 2.8 degrees (P = .014), respectively. CONCLUSION Sequential primary arthrodesis induced changes to ankle and adjacent joint kinematics during stance phase simulations, although not until the third TMT joint was included into the primary arthrodesis. The significant changes to kinematics due to arthrodesis of the first, second, and third TMT joints were small. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The minimal changes in sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane rotational kinematics support the positive clinical outcomes reported in the literature for primary partial arthrodesis of Lisfranc injuries. The inclusion of the third TMT joint should be done judiciously.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gómez Carrión Á, Atín Arratibe MDLÁ, Morales Lozano MR, Martínez Rincón C, Martínez Sebastián C, Saura Sempere Á, Nuñez-Fernandez A, Sánchez-Gómez R. Changes in the Kinematics of Midfoot and Rearfoot Joints with the Use of Lateral Wedge Insoles. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154536. [PMID: 35956151 PMCID: PMC9369829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral wedge insole (LWI) is a typical orthopedic treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis pain, chronic ankle instability, and peroneal tendon disorders. It is still unknown what the effects are in the most important joints of the foot when using LWIs as a treatment for knee and ankle pathologies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of LWIs on the position of the midfoot and rearfoot joints by measuring the changes using a tracking device. Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 69 subjects. Movement measurements for the midfoot were made on the navicular bone, and for the rearfoot on the calcaneus bone. The Polhemus system was used, with two motion sensors fixed to each bone. Subjects were compared by having them use LWIs versus being barefoot. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the varus movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (1.23 ± 2.08°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.35 ± 0.95°), and in the plantarflexion movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (3.02 ± 4.58°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.68 ± 1.34°), in the midfoot. There were also statistically significant differences in the valgus movement when wearing a 7 mm LWI (1.74 ± 2.61°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.40 ± 0.90°), and in the plantar flexion movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (2.88 ± 4.31°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.35 ± 0.90°), in the rearfoot. Conclusions: In the navicular bone, a varus, an abduction, and plantar flexion movements were generated. In the calcaneus, a valgus, an adduction, and plantar flexion movements were generated with the use of LWIs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kirmizi M, Sengul YS, Angin S. The effects of calf muscles fatigue on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in normal foot posture and flexible flatfoot: A case-control study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:649-657. [PMID: 34459384 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexible flatfoot is associated with altered plantar pressure distribution, but it is not clear how muscle fatigue affects plantar pressure characteristics in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of calf muscles fatigue on plantar pressure variables in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. METHODS Twenty-five people with flexible flatfoot and twenty-five people with normal foot were included. The unilateral heel-rise test was used to induce calf muscles fatigue. Plantar pressure variables were collected during preferred walking immediately before and after fatigue. The two-way mixed-design ANOVA was used to determine the main effect of fatigue and the interaction between foot posture and fatigue. RESULTS Fatigue caused medialization of the contact area under the forefoot and the maximum force under the heel and forefoot (p< 0.05). When examining the differences in the effects of fatigue between groups, the contact area under the medial heel increased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but decreased in normal foot; moreover, the contact area and maximum force under the midfoot and the maximum force under the third metatarsal decreased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but increased in normal foot (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calf muscles fatigue caused medialization of the maximum force and contact area. Especially the midfoot was affected differently by fatigue in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muge Kirmizi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey.,Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Salik Sengul
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Salih Angin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Comparison of ankle force, mobility, flexibility, and plantar pressure values in athletes according to foot posture index. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 68:91-99. [PMID: 35949968 PMCID: PMC9305646 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2022.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to compare ankle force, mobility, flexibility, and plantar pressure distribution of athletes according to foot posture index (FPI).
Patients and methods
Between September 2016 and May 2018, a total of 70 volunteer male athletes (mean age: 21.1±2.3 years; range, 18 to 25 years) were included. The athletes were divided into three groups according to their FPI as follows: having supinated feet (Group 1, n=16), neutral/normal feet (Group 2, n=36), or pronated feet (Group 3, n=18). Ankle range of motion (ROM), muscle flexibility, ankle joint strength, and plantar pressure distribution were measured.
Results
There were significant differences among the three groups in both right and left ankle dorsiflexion ROM (p=0.009 and p=0.003, respectively). Group 1 had significantly smaller dorsiflexion ROM than the other groups. Group 1 also showed significantly less flexibility in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles than the other foot posture groups. Groups 2 and 3 exhibited significant differences in the maximum torque (p=0.018), maximum work (p=0.008), and total work (p=0.008) of the right plantar flexor muscles at 60°/sec angular velocity. Peak pressure measurements of the right foot were higher in Group 1, compared to Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The results of this study may help to enhance athletic performance by providing a guide for designing training programs appropriate for athletes with different foot types to address their specific muscle flexibility and strength deficiencies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Postural Control Differences between Patients with Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction and Healthy People during Gait. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031301. [PMID: 35162324 PMCID: PMC8835140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) may exhibit postural instability during walking likely due to a loss of medial longitudinal arch, abnormal foot alignment, and pain. While many studies have investigated gait alterations in PTTD, there is no understanding of dynamic postural control mechanisms in this population during gait, which will help guide rehabilitation and gait training programs for patients with PTTD. The purpose of the study was to assess dynamic postural control mechanisms in patients with stage II PTTD as compared to age and gender matched healthy controls. METHODS Eleven patients with stage II PTTD (4 males and 7 females; age 59 ± 1 years; height 1.66 ± 0.12 m; mass 84.2 ± 16.0 kg) and ten gender and age matched controls were recruited in this study. Participants were asked to walk along a 10 m walkway. Ten Vicon cameras and four AMTI force platforms were used to collect kinematic and center of pressure (COP) data while participants performed gait. To test differences between PTTD vs. control groups, independent t-tests (set at α < 0.05) were performed. RESULTS Patients with PTTD had significantly higher double stance ratio (+23%) and anterior-posterior (AP) time to contact (TTC) percentage (+16%) as compared to healthy control. However, PTTD had lower AP COP excursion (-19%), AP COP velocity (-30%), and medial-lateral (ML) COP velocity (-40%) as compared to healthy controls. Mean ML COP trace values for PTTD were significantly decreased (-23%) as compared to controls, indicating COP trace for PTTD tends to be closer to the medial boundary than controls during single-support phase of walking. CONCLUSION PTTD patients showed more conservative and cautious postural strategies which may help maintain balance and reduce the need for postural adjustment during PTTD gait. They also showed more medially shifted COP patterns than healthy controls during single-support phase of walking. Dynamic postural control outcomes could be used to develop effective gait training programs aimed at alleviating a medial shift of COP (everted foot) for individuals with PTTD in order to improve their functionality and gait efficiency.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kinematic Effect on the Navicular Bone with the Use of Rearfoot Varus Wedge. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030815. [PMID: 35161560 PMCID: PMC8839556 DOI: 10.3390/s22030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rearfoot varus wedge (RVW) is a common treatment for foot pain and valgus deformity. There is research on its effects in the calcaneus, but there is little research on the navicular. More research is needed with the use of RVW due to the relationship that exists between the position of the navicular and the risk of suffering an injury. OBJECTIVES this study sought to understand how RVW can influence the kinematics of the navicular bone, measuring their movement with the 6 SpaceFastrak system. METHODS a total of 60 subjects participated in the study. Two sensors were used to measure the movement of the calcaneus and navicular using RVWs as compared in the barefoot position in a static way. RESULTS there were statistically significant differences, the use of RVWs caused changes in the navicular bone, with subjects reaching the maximum varus movement with the use of RVW 7 mm of 1.35 ± 2.41° (p < 0.001), the maximum plantar movement flexion with the use of RVW 10 mm of 3.93 ± 4.44° (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS when RVWs were placed under the calcaneus bone, the navicular bone response was in varus movement too; thus, the use of rearfoot varus wedge can influence the movement of the navicular bone.
Collapse
|
26
|
Peterson AC, Lisonbee RJ, Krähenbühl N, Saltzman CL, Barg A, Khan N, Elhabian SY, Lenz AL. Multi-level multi-domain statistical shape model of the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1056536. [PMID: 36545681 PMCID: PMC9760736 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1056536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, two-dimensional conventional radiographs have been the primary tool to measure the complex morphology of the foot and ankle. However, the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints are challenging to assess due to their bone morphology and locations within the ankle. Weightbearing computed tomography is a novel high-resolution volumetric imaging mechanism that allows detailed generation of 3D bone reconstructions. This study aimed to develop a multi-domain statistical shape model to assess morphologic and alignment variation of the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints across an asymptomatic population and calculate 3D joint measurements in a consistent weightbearing position. Specific joint measurements included joint space distance, congruence, and coverage. Noteworthy anatomical variation predominantly included the talus and calcaneus, specifically an inverse relationship regarding talar dome heightening and calcaneal shortening. While there was minimal navicular and cuboid shape variation, there were alignment variations within these joints; the most notable is the rotational aspect about the anterior-posterior axis. This study also found that multi-domain modeling may be able to predict joint space distance measurements within a population. Additionally, variation across a population of these four bones may be driven far more by morphology than by alignment variation based on all three joint measurements. These data are beneficial in furthering our understanding of joint-level morphology and alignment variants to guide advancements in ankle joint pathological care and operative treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Peterson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Rich J. Lisonbee
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Charles L. Saltzman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Alexej Barg
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nawazish Khan
- School of Computing, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Shireen Y. Elhabian
- School of Computing, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amy L. Lenz
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Amy L. Lenz,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rowe N, Robertson CE, Singh S, Campbell JT, Jeng CL. Weightbearing CT Analysis of the Transverse Tarsal Joint During Eversion and Inversion. Foot Ankle Int 2022; 43:123-130. [PMID: 34378428 DOI: 10.1177/10711007211034821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the movement and function of the transverse tarsal joint (TTJt) continues to evolve. Most studies have been done in cadavers or under nonphysiologic conditions. Weightbearing computed tomographic (WBCT) scans may provide more accurate information about the position of the TTJt when the hindfoot is in valgus or varus. METHODS Five volunteers underwent bilateral weightbearing CT scans while standing on a platform that positioned both hindfeet in 20 degrees of valgus and 20 degrees of varus. Each bone of the foot was segmented, and the joint surfaces of the talus, calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular were identified. The principal axes for each joint surface were determined and used to calculate the angles and distances between the bones with the foot in valgus or varus. RESULTS In the coronal plane, the angle between the talus and calcaneus rotated 17.1 degrees as the hindfoot moved from valgus to varus. The distance between the centers of the talus and calcaneus decreased 7.1 mm. The cuboid translated 3.9 mm medially relative to the calcaneus. There was no change in angle or distance between the cuboid and navicular. The navicular rotated 25.4 degrees into varus relative to the talus. CONCLUSION The TTJt locking mechanism was previously thought to occur from the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint axes moving from parallel to divergent as the hindfoot inverts. The current data show a more complex interaction between the four bones that comprise the TTJt and suggests that the locking mechanism may occur because of tightening of the ligaments and joint capsules. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study uses weight bearing CT scans of healthy, asymptomatic volunteers standing on valgus and varus platforms to characterize the normal motion of the transverse tarsal joint of the foot. A better understanding of how the transverse tarsal joint functions may assist clinicians in both the conservative and surgical management of hindfoot pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rowe
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cassandra E Robertson
- Institute for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuti Singh
- CurveBeam, LLC, Advanced Imaging, Hatfield, PA, USA
| | - John T Campbell
- Institute for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford L Jeng
- Institute for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heckmann ND, Mercer JN, Wang LC, McGarry MH, Ross SDK, Lee TQ. Biomechanical Evaluation of a Cadaveric Flatfoot Model and Lateral Column Lengthening Technique. J Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 60:956-959. [PMID: 33994083 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with adult acquired flatfoot have progressive worsening of bony alignment with many being unable to perform a heel rise. Following reconstruction, pathologic skeletal alignment is corrected and the ability to perform a heel rise is often restored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between forefoot liftoff forces and skeletal alignment in a cadaveric flatfoot model by assessing the effect of sequential lengthening of the lateral column using an Evans-type calcaneal osteotomy. Bony alignment was measured in 8 cadaveric specimens with the use of a 3-dimensional digitizing system. Transection of the spring ligament, pie-crusting of the plantar fascia, and cyclic axial loading of the foot was performed to create an anatomic and functional flatfoot model. An Evans-type calcaneal osteotomy using 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm wedges was performed. Specimens were mounted to a custom jig that applies tensile loads to the Achilles, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, and tibialis posterior tendons. Creation of a flatfoot reduced the lateral talo-first metatarsal angle (Meary's angle) by 13° (23.6° ± 2.8° vs 10.6° ± 3.8°, p < .05) and forefoot force by 7% (199.3 N ± 7.3 N vs 185.4 N ± 9 N, p < .05). Sequential lengthening of the lateral column restored skeletal alignment and force transfer to the forefoot (12 mm wedge: Meary's angle 22.7° ± 3.9°, liftoff force 206.8 N ± 7.5 N). The cadaveric flatfoot model demonstrated decreased forefoot forces that were restored with an Evans-type calcaneal osteotomy wedge. This highlights the importance of restoring skeletal alignment when correcting advanced adult acquired flatfoot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D Heckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Jeffrey N Mercer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Lawrence C Wang
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Michelle H McGarry
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Steven D K Ross
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Thay Q Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA; Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, CA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shorter AL, Richardson JK, Finucane SB, Joshi V, Gordon K, Rouse EJ. Characterization and clinical implications of ankle impedance during walking in chronic stroke. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16726. [PMID: 34408174 PMCID: PMC8373915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals post-stroke experience persisting gait deficits due to altered joint mechanics, known clinically as spasticity, hypertonia, and paresis. In engineering, these concepts are described as stiffness and damping, or collectively as joint mechanical impedance, when considered with limb inertia. Typical clinical assessments of these properties are obtained while the patient is at rest using qualitative measures, and the link between the assessments and functional outcomes and mobility is unclear. In this study we quantify ankle mechanical impedance dynamically during walking in individuals post-stroke and in age-speed matched control subjects, and examine the relationships between mechanical impedance and clinical measures of mobility and impairment. Perturbations were applied to the ankle joint during the stance phase of walking, and least-squares system identification techniques were used to estimate mechanical impedance. Stiffness of the paretic ankle was decreased during mid-stance when compared to the non-paretic side; a change independent of muscle activity. Inter-limb differences in ankle joint damping, but not joint stiffness or passive clinical assessments, strongly predicted walking speed and distance. This work provides the first insights into how stroke alters joint mechanical impedance during walking, as well as how these changes relate to existing outcome measures. Our results inform clinical care, suggesting a focus on correcting stance phase mechanics could potentially improve mobility of chronic stroke survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Shorter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James K Richardson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne B Finucane
- The Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Varun Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith Gordon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, USA
| | - Elliott J Rouse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Core Faculty, Robotics Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li SJ, Shi BC, Liu CL, Liu YB. Finite element analysis of the kinematic coupling effect of the joints around talus when Ponseti manipulation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:682. [PMID: 34384390 PMCID: PMC8361653 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little information was obtained from the published papers about the kinematic coupling effect between tarsal bones during Ponseti manipulation. The aim was to explore the kinematic coupling effect of the joints around talus, to investigate the kinematic rhythm and coupling relationship of tarsal joints; to clarify the pulling effect on medial ligament of the ankle during the process of Ponseti manipulation. Methods The model of foot and ankle was reconstructed from the Chinese digital human girl No.1 (CDH-G1) image database. Finite element analysis was applied to explore the kinematic coupling effect of the joints around talus. The distal tibia and fibula bone and the head of talus were fixed in all six degrees of freedom; outward pressure was added to the first metatarsal head to simulate the Ponseti manipulation. Kinematic coupling of each tarsal joint was investigated using the method of whole model splitting, and medial ligament pulling of the ankle was studied by designing the model of medial ligament deletion during the Ponseti manipulation. Results All the tarsal joints produced significant displacement in kinematic coupling effect, and the talus itself produced great displacement in the joint of ankle. Quantitative analysis revealed that the maximum displacement was found in the joints of talonavicular (12.01mm), cuneonavicular (10.50mm), calcaneocuboid (7.97mm), and subtalar(6.99mm).The kinematic coupling rhythm between talus and navicular, talus and calcaneus, calcaneus and cuboid, navicular and cuneiform 1 were 1:12, 1:7, 1:2 and 1:1.6. The results of ligaments pulling showed that the maximum displacement was presented in the ligaments of tibionavicular (mean 27.99mm), talonavicular (21.03mm), and calcaneonavicular (19.18 mm). Conclusions All the tarsal joints around talus were involved in the process of Ponseti manipulation, and the strongest kinematic coupling effect was found in the joints of talonavicular, subtalar, calcaneocuboid, and cuneonavicular. The ligaments of tibionavicular, talonavicular, and calcaneonavicular were stretched greatly. It was suggested that the method of Ponseti management was a complex deformity correction processes involved all the tarsal joints. The present study contributed to better understanding the principle of Ponseti manipulation and the pathoanatomy of clubfoot. Also, the importance of cuneonavicular joint should be stressed in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jian Li
- Orthopedics Center, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, 510280, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben-Chao Shi
- Orthopedics Center, Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, 510280, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Long Liu
- Orthopedics Center, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, 510280, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Bin Liu
- Orthopedics Center, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, 510280, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Orthopedics Center, Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, 510280, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Silva ÉQ, Santos DP, Beteli RI, Monteiro RL, Ferreira JSSP, Cruvinel-Junior RH, Donini A, Verissímo JL, Suda EY, Sacco ICN. Feasibility of a home-based foot-ankle exercise programme for musculoskeletal dysfunctions in people with diabetes: randomised controlled FOotCAre (FOCA) Trial II. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12404. [PMID: 34117342 PMCID: PMC8196027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to assess the feasibility of design, adherence, satisfaction, safety and changes in outcomes followed by a home-based foot–ankle exercise guided by a booklet in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). 20 participants were allocated usual care [control group (CG)] or usual care plus home-based foot–ankle exercises [intervention group (IG)] for 8 weeks. For feasibility, we assessed contact, preliminary screening and recruitment rates, adherence, and using a 5-point Likert scale to satisfaction and safety of the booklet. In the IG, we assessed preliminary changes in DPN symptoms, DPN severity (classified by a fuzzy model) and foot–ankle range of motion between baseline and Week 8. In the first 20 weeks, 1310 individuals were screened for eligibility by phone contact. Contact rate was 89% (contacted participants/20w), preliminary screening success 28% (participants underwent screening/20w), and recruitment rate 1.0 participants/week (eligible participants/20w). The recruitment rate was less than the ideal rate of 5 participants/week. The adherence to the exercises programme was 77%, and the dropout was 11% and 9% for the IG and CG, respectively. In the IG, participants’ median level of satisfaction was 4 (IQR: 4–5) and perceived safety was 3 (IQR: 3–5). IG significantly decreased the DPN severity (p = 0.020), increased hallux relative to forefoot (first metatarsal) range of motion (ROM) (p < 0.001) and decreased maximum forefoot relative to hindfoot (midfoot motion) dorsiflexion during gait (p = 0.029). The home-based programme was feasible, satisfactory, safe and showed preliminary positive changes in DPN severity and foot motion during gait. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04008745. Registered 02/07/2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04008745.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Érica Q Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Danilo P Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Raquel I Beteli
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Renan L Monteiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Jane S S P Ferreira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo H Cruvinel-Junior
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Asha Donini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Jady L Verissímo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil
| | - Eneida Y Suda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C N Sacco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05360-160, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Watari R, Suda EY, Santos JPS, Matias AB, Taddei UT, Sacco ICN. Subgroups of Foot-Ankle Movement Patterns Can Influence the Responsiveness to a Foot-Core Exercise Program: A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:645710. [PMID: 34169063 PMCID: PMC8217875 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.645710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify homogenous subgroups of foot-ankle (FA) kinematic patterns among recreational runners and further investigate whether differences in baseline movement patterns can influence the mechanical responses to a foot-core exercise intervention program. This is a secondary analysis of data from 85 participants of a randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov - NCT02306148) investigating the effects of an exercise-based therapeutic approach focused on FA complex. A validated skin marker-based multi-segment foot model was used to acquire kinematic data during the stance phase of treadmill running. Kinematic features were extracted from the time-series data using a principal component analysis, and the reduced data served as input for a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify subgroups of FA movement patterns. FA angle time series were compared between identified clusters and the mechanical effects of the foot-core exercise intervention was assessed for each subgroup. Two clusters of FA running patterns were identified, with cluster 1 (n = 36) presenting a pattern of forefoot abduction, while cluster 2 (n = 49) displayed deviations in the proximal segments, with a rearfoot adduction and midfoot abduction throughout the stance phase of running. Data from 29 runners who completed the intervention protocol were analyzed after 8-weeks of foot-core exercises, resulting in changes mainly in cluster 1 (n = 16) in the transverse plane, in which we observed a reduction in the forefoot abduction, an increase in the rearfoot adduction and an approximation of their pattern to the runners in cluster 2 (n = 13). The findings of this study may help guide individual-centered treatment strategies, taking into account their initial mechanical patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Watari
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eneida Y Suda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P S Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra B Matias
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulisses T Taddei
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C N Sacco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Akuzawa H, Imai A, Iizuka S, Matsunaga N, Kaneoka K. Tibialis posterior muscle activity alteration with foot orthosis insertion measured by fine-wire electromyography. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2021.1893835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akuzawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iizuka
- Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsunaga
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- General Education Core Curriculum Division, Seigakuin University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mousavi SH, van Kouwenhove L, Rajabi R, Zwerver J, Hijmans JM. The effect of changing foot progression angle using real-time visual feedback on rearfoot eversion during running. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246425. [PMID: 33566828 PMCID: PMC7875396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical rearfoot in/eversion may be an important risk factor for running-related injuries. Prominent interventions for atypical rearfoot eversion include foot orthoses, footwear, and taping but a modification derived from gait retraining to correct atypical rearfoot in/eversion is lacking. We aimed to investigate changes in rearfoot in/eversion, subtalar pronation, medial longitudinal arch angle, and selected lower limb joint biomechanics while performing toe-in/toe-out running using real-time visual feedback. Fifteen female runners participated in this study. Subjects performed toe-in/toe-out running using real-time visual feedback on foot progression angle, which was set ±5° from habitual foot progression angle. 3D kinematics of rearfoot in/eversion, subtalar supination/pronation, medial longitudinal arch angle, foot progression angle, hip flexion, ab/adduction and internal/external rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle power were analyzed. A repeated-measures ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons was used to analyze changes between three conditions. Toe-in running compared to normal and toe-out running reduced peak rearfoot eversion (mean difference (MD) with normal = 2.1°; p<0.001, MD with toe-out = 3.5°; p<0.001), peak pronation (MD with normal = -2.0°; p<0.001, MD with toe-out = -3.4; p = <0.001), and peak medial longitudinal arch angle (MD with normal = -0.7°; p = 0.022, MD with toe-out = -0.9; p = 0.005). Toe-out running significantly increased these kinematic factors compared to normal and toe-in running. Toe-in running compared to normal running increased peak hip internal rotation (MD = 2.3; p<0.001), and reduced peak knee flexion (MD = 1.3; p = 0.014). Toe-out running compared to normal running reduced peak hip internal rotation (MD = 2.5; p<0.001), peak hip ab/adduction (MD = 2.5; p<0.001), peak knee flexion (MD = 1.5; p = 0.003), peak ankle dorsiflexion (MD = 1.6; p<0.001), and peak ankle power (MD = 1.3; p = 0.001). Runners were able to change their foot progression angle when receiving real-time visual feedback for foot progression angle. Toe-in/toe-out running altered rearfoot kinematics and medial longitudinal arch angle, therefore supporting the potential value of gait retraining focused on foot progression angle using real-time visual feedback when atypical rearfoot in/eversion needs to be modified. It should be considered that changes in foot progression angle when running is accompanied by changes in lower limb joint biomechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamed Mousavi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Human Movement Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Laurens van Kouwenhove
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Rajabi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johannes Zwerver
- Center for Human Movement Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Juha M. Hijmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lithgow MJ, Munteanu SE, Buldt AK, Arnold JB, Kelly LA, Menz HB. Foot structure and lower limb function in individuals with midfoot osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1514-1524. [PMID: 32889086 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how foot structure and lower limb function differ between individuals with and without midfoot osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Electronic databases were searched from inception until May 2020. To be eligible, studies needed to (1) include participants with radiographically confirmed midfoot OA, with or without midfoot symptoms, (2) include a control group of participants without radiographic midfoot OA or without midfoot symptoms, and (3) report outcomes of foot structure, alignment, range of motion or any measures of lower limb function during walking. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent assessors, with disagreements resolved by a third independent assessor. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. RESULTS A total of 1,550 records were screened by title and abstract and 11 met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative synthesis indicated that individuals who had midfoot OA had a more pronated foot posture, greater first ray mobility, less range of motion in the subtalar joint and first metatarsophalangeal joints, longer central metatarsals and increased peak plantar pressures, pressure time integrals and contact times in the heel and midfoot during walking. Meta-analysis could not be performed as the data were not sufficiently homogenous. CONCLUSIONS There are several differences in foot structure and lower limb function between individuals with and without midfoot OA. Future research with more consistent case definitions and detailed biomechanical models would further our understanding of potential mechanisms underlying the development of midfoot OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Lithgow
- Discipline of Podiatry and La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia; School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.
| | - S E Munteanu
- Discipline of Podiatry and La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - A K Buldt
- Discipline of Podiatry and La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - J B Arnold
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - L A Kelly
- School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - H B Menz
- Discipline of Podiatry and La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
[Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics and conservative treatment of adult flatfoot]. DER ORTHOPADE 2020; 49:942-953. [PMID: 33034668 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-020-03995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On average, one in six adults is affected by an acquired flatfoot. This foot deformity is characterized by its progression of stages and in 10% of cases causes complaints that require treatment. Untreated, the loss of walking ability may result in the final stage. Correct staging is crucial to being able to offer a specific course of therapy including a wide spectrum of conservative and operative treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved from a selective search in PubMed and Medline and on the authors' clinical experience. DIAGNOSTICS The loss of function of static (spring ligament complex) and dynamic (tibialis posterior tendon) stabilizers causes the characteristic deformity with loss of the medial arch, hind foot valgus and forefoot abduction. In the late stage, severe secondary osteoarthritis in upper and lower ankle joints occurs and impedes walking ability. The essential physical examination is supplemented by weight-bearing dorsoplantar and lateral radiographs, which provide further information about axial malalignment (Meary's angle, Kite's angle). The long axis hind foot view allows analysis of the hindfoot valgus. MRI provides further information about the integrity of the tibialis posterior tendon, spring ligament complex and cartilage damage. THERAPY The therapy aims to reduce pain, regain function and avoid development of secondary osteoarthritis and degenerative tendon disorders. Progress of the deformity should be stopped. Therefore, the main aspects of the deformity-loss of medial arch, hindfoot valgus and forefoot abduction should be addressed and corrected. In the acute phase, tendovaginitis of the tibialis posterior tendon can be treated sufficiently by anti-inflammatory measures, relieving mechanical loads on the tendon and muscle and physiotherapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rearfoot, Midfoot, and Forefoot Motion in Naturally Forefoot and Rearfoot Strike Runners during Treadmill Running. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different location and incidence of lower extremity injuries have been reported in rearfoot strike (RFS) and forefoot strike (FFS) recreational runners. These might be related to functional differences between the two footstrike patterns affecting foot kinematics and thus the incidence of running injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the kinematic patterns of foot joints between naturally RFS and FFS runners. A validated multi-segment foot model was used to measure 24 foot kinematic variables in long-distance recreational runners while running on a treadmill. These variables included the three-dimensional relative motion between rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot segments. The footstrike pattern was identified using kinematic data and slow-motion videos. Functional analysis of variance was used to compare the time series of these variables between RFS (n = 49) and FFS (n = 25) runners. In FFS runners, the metatarsal bones were less tilted with respect to the ground, and the metatarsus was less adducted with respect to the calcaneus during stance. In early stance, the calcaneus was more dorsiflexed with respect to the shank and returned to a more plantarflexed position at push-off. FFS runners showed a more adducted calcaneus with respect to the shank and a less inverted midfoot to the calcaneus. The present study has showed that the footstrike angle characterizes foot kinematics in running. These data may help shed more light on the relationship between foot function and running-related injuries.
Collapse
|
38
|
Böhm H, Döderlein L, Fujak A, Dussa CU. Is there a correlation between static radiographs and dynamic foot function in pediatric foot deformities? Foot Ankle Surg 2020; 26:801-809. [PMID: 31694790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic flexible flatfeet, congenital clubfeet and pes cavovarus are the most common foot deformities in children. Accurate assessment to quantify the severity of these deformities by clinical examination alone can be challenging. Radiographs are a valuable adjunct for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. However, static radiographs during relaxed standing may not reflect the dynamic changes in the foot skeleton during functional activities such as walking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to predict dynamic foot movements during walking from planar standing radiographs to reveal the significance of the radiographic analysis for the assessment of foot function. METHODS Patients 8-17 years with flexible flatfeet (FFF, n=217) recurrent clubfeet (RCF n=38) and overcorrected clubfeet (OCCF, n=71) of non-neurogenic or syndromic origin and pes cavovarus due to peripheral neuropathy (PNP, n=48) were retrospectively included. Patients underwent gait analysis with the Oxford Foot Model and radiographic examination in anterior-posterior and lateral view during standing. Multilinear predictor analysis of selected gait parameters was performed based on radiographic measures. RESULTS The variance that was explained by radiography was greatest for the transverse plane forefoot abduction with 33% for OCCF, 50% for RCF and 59% for PNP. Flatfeet and foot kinematics in the other planes or between rearfoot and tibia showed little or no relation. CONCLUSIONS The static measures of foot deformities by radiography could explain only a small amount of variance in foot kinematics during walking, in particular for FFF. An explanation may be that the forces during weight bearing bear little resemblance to those during gait in terms of neither magnitude nor direction. These findings suggest that foot function cannot be accurately assessed solely from static radiographic observations of the foot, commonly undertaken in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Böhm
- Orthopaedic Hospital for Children, Behandlungszentrum Aschau gGmbH, Bernauer str. 18, 83229 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany.
| | | | - Albert Fujak
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rathsberger str. 57, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chakravarty U Dussa
- Orthopaedic Hospital for Children, Behandlungszentrum Aschau gGmbH, Bernauer str. 18, 83229 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rathsberger str. 57, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reeves CL, Shane AM, Sahli H, Togher C. Revision of the Malaligned Ankle Arthrodesis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2020; 37:475-487. [PMID: 32471613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A malaligned ankle arthrodesis is a painful and complicated pathology. Deformities may be present in the frontal, sagittal, or transverse plane or a combination of planes. Thorough preoperative evaluation of the deformity and the patient as a whole is crucial to successful revision. Surgical site for revision should be based on center of rotation of angulation, when possible. Revision commonly is performed through opening wedge osteotomy. Closing wedge and focal dome osteotomies, however, are excellent options. Revision also may be performed through external fixation or total ankle replacement. Although the literature is not rich with data, the options discussed provide favorable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Reeves
- Advent Health East Orlando Podiatric Surgery Residency, Orlando Foot and Ankle Clinic- Upperline Health, 2111 Glenwood Drive Suite 104, Winter Park, FL 32792, USA.
| | - Amber M Shane
- Department of Podiatric Surgery Advent Health System, Advent Health East Orlando Podiatric Surgery Residency, Orlando Foot and Ankle Clinic- Upperline Health, 250 North Alafaya Trail Suite 115, Orlando, FL 32828, USA
| | - Hannah Sahli
- Department of Podiatric Surgery AdventHealth System, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Cody Togher
- Department of Podiatric Surgery AdventHealth System, Orlando, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deschamps K, Matricali G, Peters H, Eerdekens M, Wuite S, Leardini A, Staes F. Contribution of foot joints in the energetics of human running. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:557-563. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1746287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Deschamps
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institut D’Enseignement, Division of Podiatry, Supérieur Parnasse Deux-Alice, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Podiatry, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Matricali
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Member Institute of Orthopaedic Research & Training (IORT), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Helen Peters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Eerdekens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Wuite
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Member Institute of Orthopaedic Research & Training (IORT), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Filip Staes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang J, Mannen EM, Siddicky SF, Lee JM, Latt LD. Gait alterations in posterior tibial tendonitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture 2020; 76:28-38. [PMID: 31715431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a common and debilitating tendinopathy that can lead to a profound decrease in gait function. While the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disorder are well described, the pathomechanics have not been adequately characterized. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare foot/ankle kinematics and kinetics in patients with PTTD with healthy controls during gait. METHODS Relevant articles were selected thought Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Studies focused on foot/ankle kinematics and kinetics in patients with PTTD were involved. Articles were included if they: 1) compared patients with PTTD to healthy controls, 2) utilized kinematics or kinetics as the primary outcome measure, 3) evaluated gait tasks, and 4) were written in English. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in this systematic review, and 8 studies were synthesized and analyzed. Our meta-analyses indicated increased dorsiflexion and abduction of the forefoot, as well as increased plantarflexion and eversion of hindfoot for patients with PTTD during stance of walking. CONCLUSION Our results from the meta-analysis showed more conclusive changes in the forefoot (increased dorsiflexion and abduction) and hindfoot (increased plantarflexion and eversion) kinematics during stance of walking, which may be associated with a pathological process of PTTD. This review provides an improved understanding of gait function in patients with PTTD and preliminary knowledge for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsig Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Erin M Mannen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Safeer F Siddicky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in, Republic of Korea
| | - L Daniel Latt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
DiLiberto FE, Nawoczenski DA. Ankle and Midfoot Power During Single-Limb Heel Rise in Healthy Adults. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:52-55. [PMID: 31698338 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2018-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the midfoot is recognized to have an important role in the successful performance of a single-limb heel rise, healthy heel rise performance remains primarily characterized by ankle function. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of midfoot region power to single-limb heel rise in healthy adults. Participants (N = 12) performed 20 single-limb heel rises. An electromagnetic motion capture system and a force plate were used to record 3-segment foot motion and ground reaction forces. Inverse dynamic calculations were performed to obtain ankle and midfoot region powers. These data were evaluated with descriptive statistics. A correlation was performed to evaluate the contribution of midfoot region power to heel height, as heel height is a clinical measure of heel-rise performance. The midfoot contributed power during single-limb heel rise (peak positive power: 0.5 [0.2] W·kg-1). Furthermore, midfoot peak power accounted for 36% of the variance in heel height (P = .04). As energy generating internal mechanisms, such as muscle activity, are attributed to power generation, midfoot tissue loading and muscle performance should be considered during clinical and modeling applications of the heel-rise task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank E DiLiberto
- University of Rochester
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Lower extremity biomechanics is the cornerstone of podiatric medicine and surgery. The foot and ankle act as the interface between the ground and proximal segments, mediating internal and external moments Although the medial longitudinal arch has been widely researched, the details of the lateral longitudinal arch are less extensively delineated. The purpose of this review is to analyze the biomechanics of the lateral column as it relates to lower extremity biomechanics and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Jarrett
- Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3095, USA.
| | - Timothy Cheung
- Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Elizabeth Oh
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The adult acquired flatfoot deformity resulting from posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the result of rupture of the posterior tibial tendon as well as key ligaments of the ankle and hindfoot. Kinematic studies have verified certain levels of deformity causing hindfoot eversion, lowering of the medial longitudinal arch and forefoot abduction. The condition is progressive and left untreated will cause significant disability. Bracing with ankle-foot orthoses has shown promising results in arresting progression of deformity and avoiding debilitating surgery. Various types of ankle-foot orthoses have been studied in terms of effects on gait as well as efficacy in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Richie
- Applied Biomechanics, California School of Podiatric Medicine, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Phillips RD. Using the Biomechanical Examination to Guide Therapy. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2020; 37:1-22. [PMID: 31735261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In trying to explain the myriad of foot deformities and symptoms that have slow onset and/or are considered to be overuse syndromes, clinicians have been trying to develop quantitative examinations to describe the cause of the patient's problems and to better individualize treatment modalities. This type of examination is called a biomechanical examination. This article discusses some of the more common portions of a biomechanical examination of the foot and lower extremity. It will also point out some ways that the information from a biomechanical examination can be applied in clinically treating patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Phillips
- Orlando VA Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA; Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency; Podiatric Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saito Y, Chikenji TS, Takata Y, Kamiya T, Uchiyama E. Can an insole for obese individuals maintain the arch of the foot against repeated hyper loading? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:442. [PMID: 31604431 PMCID: PMC6790017 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insoles are often applied as preventive therapy of flatfoot deformity, but the therapeutic effects on obese individuals are still controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect of insole use on time-dependent changes in the foot arch during a repeated-loading simulation designed to represent 20,000 contiguous steps in individuals with a BMI value in the range of 30-40 kg/m2. METHODS Eighteen cadaveric feet were randomly divided into the following three groups: normal, obese, and insole. Ten thousand cyclic loadings of 500 N (normal group) or 1000 N (obese and insole groups) were applied to the feet. We measured time-dependent change in arch height and calculated the bony arch index (BAI), arch flexibility, and energy absorption. RESULTS The normal group maintained more than 0.21 BAI, which is the diagnostic criterion for a normal arch, throughout the 10,000 cycles; however, BAI was less than 0.21 at 1000 cycles in the obese group (mean, 0.203; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.196-0.209) and at 6000 cycles in the insole group (mean, 0.200; 95% CI, 0.191-0.209). Although there was a significant time-dependent decrease in flexibility and energy absorption in both the obese and insole groups (P < 0.001), the difference between 1 and 10,000 cycles were significantly smaller in the insole group than in the obese group (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Use of insoles for obese individuals may help to slow time-dependent foot structural changes. However, the effect was not enough to maintain the foot structure against repeated hyper loadings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
| | - Takako S. Chikenji
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Receptive and Propulsive Behavior of Human Foot Joints During Running With Different Striking Strategies. J Appl Biomech 2019; 35:336-343. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.2018-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Foot structure and kinematics have long been considered as risk factors for foot and lower-limb running injuries. The authors aimed at investigating foot joint kinetics to unravel their receptive and propulsive characteristics while running barefoot, both with rearfoot and with midfoot striking strategies. Power absorption and generation occurring at different joints of the foot in 6 asymptomatic adults were calculated using both a 3-segment and a 4-segment kinetic model. An inverse dynamic approach was used to quantify mechanical power. Major power absorption and generation characteristics were observed at the ankle joint complex as well as at the Chopart joint in both the rearfoot and the midfoot striking strategies. The power at the Lisfranc joint, quantified by the 4-segment kinetic model, was predominantly generated in both strategies, and at the toes, it was absorbed. The overall results show a large variability in the receptive and propulsive characteristics among the analyzed joints in both striking strategies. The present study may provide novel insight for clinical decision making to address foot and lower-limb injuries and to guide athletes in the adoption of different striking strategies during running.
Collapse
|
48
|
Phan CB, Shin G, Lee KM, Koo S. Skeletal kinematics of the midtarsal joint during walking: Midtarsal joint locking revisited. J Biomech 2019; 95:109287. [PMID: 31431345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinematics of the human foot complex have been investigated to understand the weight bearing mechanism of the foot. This study aims to investigate midtarsal joint locking during walking by noninvasively measuring the movements of foot bones using a high-speed bi-planar fluoroscopic system. Eighteen healthy subjects volunteered for the study; the subjects underwent computed tomography imaging and bi-planar radiographs of the foot in order to measure the three-dimensional (3D) midtarsal joint kinematics using a 2D-to-3D registration method and anatomical coordinate system in each bone. The relative movements on bone surfaces were also calculated in the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints and quantified as surface relative velocity vectors on articular surfaces to understand the kinematic interactions in the midtarsal joint. The midtarsal joint performed a coupled motion in the early stance to pronate the foot to extreme pose in the range of motion during walking and maintained this pose during the mid-stance. In the terminal stance, the talonavicular joint performed plantar-flexion, inversion, and internal rotation while the calcaneocuboid joint performed mainly inversion. The midtarsal joint moved towards an extreme supinated pose, rather than a minimum motion in the terminal stance. The study provides a new perspective to understand the kinematics and kinetics of the movement of foot bones and so-called midtarsal joint locking, during walking. The midtarsal joint continuously moved towards extreme poses together with the activation of muscle forces, which would support the foot for more effective force transfer during push-off in the terminal stance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Bo Phan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Araújo VL, Souza TR, Magalhães FA, Santos TR, Holt KG, Fonseca ST. Effects of a foot orthosis inspired by the concept of a twisted osteoligamentous plate on the kinematics of foot-ankle complex during walking: A proof of concept. J Biomech 2019; 93:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Zhang X, Pauel R, Deschamps K, Jonkers I, Vanwanseele B. Differences in foot muscle morphology and foot kinematics between symptomatic and asymptomatic pronated feet. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1766-1773. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Zhang
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Rinus Pauel
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Kevin Deschamps
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory for Clinical Motion Analysis University Hospital Pellenberg, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|