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Ryan M, Poke T, Ward EC, Carrington C, Snoswell CL. A systematic review of synchronous telepharmacy service models for adult outpatients with cancer. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:25-33. [PMID: 38490859 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telephone and videoconsults are known synchronous telepharmacy modalities being used to respond to the demand for outpatient pharmacy services. However, little is known about the evidence for cancer telepharmacy service models. OBJECTIVES To review existing evidence regarding synchronous telepharmacy service models for adult outpatients with cancer, with a secondary focus on outcomes, enablers, and barriers. METHODS A PROSPERO registered systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE in March 2023. Key search terms included pharmacy, telepharmacy, and outpatient. During article selection in Covidence, an extra inclusion criterion of synchronous cancer-focused services was applied; data extraction and narrative analysis were then performed. RESULTS From 2129 non-duplicate articles, 8 were eligible for inclusion, describing 7 unique patient populations. The service models included pre-treatment medication history taking, adherence monitoring, toxicity assessment, and discharge follow-up. Studies found synchronous telepharmacy services can improve timeliness of care, optimise workload management, and provide individualised and convenient efficacy monitoring and counselling. One study of 177 patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors found 38% of the 726 telephone consults involved at least one intervention. When videoconsults were compared directly with telephone consults for pre-treatment medication history, it was found scheduled videoconsults had a significantly higher success rate than unscheduled telephone consults, and that videoconsults also represented increased funding and equivalent time efficiency. When telephone follow-up was compared to no follow-up, improved treatment adherence was seen, and progression-free survival was significantly higher for the telephone group (6.1 months vs 3.7 months, p = 0.001). Reported enablers included physician buy-in, staff resources, and correct utilisation of technology, while identified barriers included time investment required and technical issues. CONCLUSION Both telephone and videoconsult modalities are being used to deliver synchronous telepharmacy services across a range of outpatient services. Although more evidence is needed, data to date supports positive service benefits and enhanced care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Ryan
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Tara Poke
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth C Ward
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Suite 304, 3rd Floor, Buranda Village, Corner Cornwall Street and Ipswich Road, Buranda, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, 84a Services Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Christine Carrington
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Centaine L Snoswell
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Sarasmita MA, Sudarma IW, Jaya MKA, Irham LM, Susanty S. Telepharmacy Implementation to Support Pharmaceutical Care Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. Can J Hosp Pharm 2024; 77:e3430. [PMID: 38204502 PMCID: PMC10754407 DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Telepharmacy was effectively applied for remote pharmaceutical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To determine the implementation of telepharmacy services to support pharmacists in providing pharmaceutical care during the pandemic. Data Sources Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2021: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), Web of Science, Proquest, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study Selection and Data Extraction The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with the PROSPERO registry of systematic reviews. Reports of original research investigating the implementation of telepharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic were retrieved. Researchers screened the title and abstract of each article, and then evaluated the full text of eligible articles to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacists' responsibilities and actions were classified in relation to the International Pharmaceutical Federation guideline for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Extracted data included study characteristics, pharmacists' interventions delivered through a telepharmacy system, and the benefits of telepharmacy implementation. Data Synthesis The database search yielded 1400 articles. After removal of duplicates and articles not meeting the specific inclusion criteria (n = 1381), a total of 19 relevant original research articles were reviewed. According to these studies, telepharmacy was used to perform remote medication review and optimization, assess medication adherence, dispense and deliver medications, educate and counsel patients, promote disease prevention, collaborate with health care providers, and monitor treatment outcomes. Conclusions This study highlighted the use of telepharmacy services to support pharmacists' activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telepharmacy services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Ary Sarasmita
- , MClinPharm, is with the Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Udayana University, Badung City, Bali Province, Indonesia, and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Wayan Sudarma
- , MD, is with the Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Made Krisna Adi Jaya
- , MClinPharm, is with the Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Udayana University, Badung City, Bali Province, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- , PhD, is with the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Sri Susanty
- is with the Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Cen ZF, Tang PK, Hu H, Cavaco AC, Zeng L, Lei SL, Ung COL. Systematic literature review of adopting eHealth in pharmaceutical care during COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations for strengthening pharmacy services. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066246. [PMID: 36418133 PMCID: PMC9684285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine how eHealth was adopted in pharmaceutical care (PC), the outcome reported and the contextual factors. DESIGN Systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES Literature was searched in six databases including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies which reported the usage experiences of eHealth in any aspects of PC by pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic, written in English or Chinese, and published in peer-reviewed journals between December 2019 and March 2022 were included. Opinion articles, conference abstracts, correspondence, letters and editorials were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The literature search was completed on 15 April 2022. Two researchers independently conducted the literature search and extracted the data into an Excel table informed by the logic model with the key components of goals, input, activities, output and contextual factors. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included in this review. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital pharmacists, community pharmacists and specialist pharmacists in 17 countries continued to educate, consult, monitor and manage the patients and the general public via phone calls, videoconferences, mobile applications, social media, websites and/or enhanced interoperability of electronic medical records. Assuring the continuity of pharmacy care, reduced need for hospital visits, and improved work accuracy and efficiency were the benefits of eHealth mostly reported. Contextual factors affecting the adoption of eHealth were multifaceted, prompting supporting actions at the levels of government, hospital/pharmacy, pharmacists and patients. CONCLUSION This study revealed the wide adoption of eHealth in PC during the pandemic and the emerging evidence for its importance. Proper adoption of eHealth will help reshape the mode of pharmacy services to ensure continuity, quality and efficiency of care amid the challenges of the pandemic. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022299812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Feng Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Pou Kuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | | | - Luoxin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Sut Leng Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR China
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