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Ryan M, Poke T, Ward EC, Carrington C, Snoswell CL. A systematic review of synchronous telepharmacy service models for adult outpatients with cancer. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024:S1551-7411(24)00081-0. [PMID: 38490859 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telephone and videoconsults are known synchronous telepharmacy modalities being used to respond to the demand for outpatient pharmacy services. However, little is known about the evidence for cancer telepharmacy service models. OBJECTIVES To review existing evidence regarding synchronous telepharmacy service models for adult outpatients with cancer, with a secondary focus on outcomes, enablers, and barriers. METHODS A PROSPERO registered systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE in March 2023. Key search terms included pharmacy, telepharmacy, and outpatient. During article selection in Covidence, an extra inclusion criterion of synchronous cancer-focused services was applied; data extraction and narrative analysis were then performed. RESULTS From 2129 non-duplicate articles, 8 were eligible for inclusion, describing 7 unique patient populations. The service models included pre-treatment medication history taking, adherence monitoring, toxicity assessment, and discharge follow-up. Studies found synchronous telepharmacy services can improve timeliness of care, optimise workload management, and provide individualised and convenient efficacy monitoring and counselling. One study of 177 patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors found 38% of the 726 telephone consults involved at least one intervention. When videoconsults were compared directly with telephone consults for pre-treatment medication history, it was found scheduled videoconsults had a significantly higher success rate than unscheduled telephone consults, and that videoconsults also represented increased funding and equivalent time efficiency. When telephone follow-up was compared to no follow-up, improved treatment adherence was seen, and progression-free survival was significantly higher for the telephone group (6.1 months vs 3.7 months, p = 0.001). Reported enablers included physician buy-in, staff resources, and correct utilisation of technology, while identified barriers included time investment required and technical issues. CONCLUSION Both telephone and videoconsult modalities are being used to deliver synchronous telepharmacy services across a range of outpatient services. Although more evidence is needed, data to date supports positive service benefits and enhanced care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Ryan
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Tara Poke
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth C Ward
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Suite 304, 3rd Floor, Buranda Village, Corner Cornwall Street and Ipswich Road, Buranda, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, 84a Services Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Christine Carrington
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Centaine L Snoswell
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Ground Floor Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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