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Azimi Mohammadabadi M, Moazzeni A, Jafarzadeh L, Faraji F, Mansourabadi AH, Safari E. Aquaporins in colorectal cancer: exploring their role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug response. Hum Cell 2024; 37:917-930. [PMID: 38806940 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, integral proteins facilitating water transport across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This family has 13 unique members (AQP0-12), which can also transport glycerol, urea, gases, and other salute small molecules. AQPs play a crucial role in the regulation of different cellular processes, including metabolism, migration, immunity, barrier function, and angiogenesis. These proteins are found to aberrantly overexpress in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidence has explored AQPs as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in different cancers. However, there is no comprehensive review compiling the available information on the crucial role of AQPs in the context of colorectal cancer. This review highlights the significance of AQPs as the biomarker and regulator of tumor cells metabolism. In addition, the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells related to AQPs expression as well as function are discussed. Understanding the AQPs prominent role in chemotherapy resistance is of great importance clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azimi Mohammadabadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Moazzeni
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Leila Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elahe Safari
- Breast Health & Cancer Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Haba D, Qin Q, Takizawa C, Tomida S, Minematsu T, Sanada H, Nakagami G. Local low-frequency vibration accelerates healing of full-thickness wounds in a hyperglycemic rat model. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1356-1367. [PMID: 37688317 PMCID: PMC10688122 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Local low-frequency vibration (LLFV) promotes vasodilation and blood flow, enhancing wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers with angiopathy. However, vibration-induced vasodilation does not occur, owing to chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. We hypothesized that LLFV improves glycometabolism and inflammation, leading to vasodilation and angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of LLFV on wound healing in hyperglycemic rats, primarily focusing on glycometabolism, inflammation, vasodilation, and angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. We applied LLFV to experimentally-induced wounds at 50 Hz and 0, 600, 1,000 or 1,500 mVpp for 40 min/day from post-wounding days (PWD) 1-14. RESULTS The relative wound areas in the 600 and 1,000 mVpp groups on PWD 5-7 were significantly smaller than those at 0 mVpp. The expression of Glo-1 (1,500 mVpp) and Slc2A4 (1,000 and 1,500 mVpp) was upregulated on PWD 4 and 14, respectively. However, there was no difference in methylglyoxal expression levels in any group until PWD 14. At 1,000 mVpp, the expression of Tnfa on PWD 4, and that of Ptx3 and Ccl2 on PWD 14 was downregulated. Furthermore, the M1/M2 macrophage ratio was considerably decreased on both days. The expression of Nos3, Vegfa and vascular endothelial growth factor A was upregulated on PWD 4. In addition, vasodilation and angiogenesis were more obvious on PWD 14 with 1,000 mVpp. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that LLFV promotes wound healing, improves glycometabolism and inflammation, and enhances vasodilation and angiogenesis in hyperglycemic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Haba
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Chihiro Takizawa
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sanai Tomida
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takeo Minematsu
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Gojiro Nakagami
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Ernstsen CV, Riishede A, Iversen AKS, Bay L, Bjarnsholt T, Nejsum LN. E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 are downregulated in wound edges of human chronic wounds. APMIS 2023. [PMID: 37267058 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are defined as wounds that fail to proceed through the normal phases of wound healing; a complex process involving different dynamic events including migration of keratinocytes in the epidermis. Chronic wounds are estimated to affect 1-2% of the human population worldwide and are a major socioeconomic burden. The prevalence of chronic wounds is expected to increase with the rising number of elderly and patients with diabetes and obesity, who are at high risk of developing chronic wounds. Since E-cadherin and the water channel aquaporin-3 are important for both skin function and cell migration, and aquaporin-3 is furthermore involved in wound healing of the skin demonstrated by impaired wound healing in aquaporin-3-null mice, we hypothesized that E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 expression may be dysregulated in chronic wounds. Therefore, we investigated the expression of E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 in biopsies from the edges of chronic wounds from human patients. This was accomplished by immunohistochemical stainings of E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 on serial sections followed by qualitative evaluation of staining patterns, which revealed low expression of both E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 at the wound edge. Future studies are needed to reveal if this downregulation is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Riishede
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Kristine S Iversen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Luo Y, Vivaldi Marrero E, Choudhary V, Bollag WB. Phosphatidylglycerol to Treat Chronic Skin Wounds in Diabetes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1497. [PMID: 37242739 PMCID: PMC10222993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review proposes the use of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) to enhance diabetic wound healing. Initially, the characteristics of diabetic wounds are examined, focusing on the epidermis. Hyperglycemia accompanying diabetes results in enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress in part through the generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), in which glucose is conjugated to macromolecules. These AGEs activate inflammatory pathways; oxidative stress results from increased reactive oxygen species generation by mitochondria rendered dysfunctional by hyperglycemia. These factors work together to reduce the ability of keratinocytes to restore epidermal integrity, contributing to chronic diabetic wounds. DOPG has a pro-proliferative action on keratinocytes (through an unclear mechanism) and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes and the innate immune system by inhibiting the activation of Toll-like receptors. DOPG has also been found to enhance macrophage mitochondrial function. Since these DOPG effects would be expected to counteract the increased oxidative stress (attributable in part to mitochondrial dysfunction), decreased keratinocyte proliferation, and enhanced inflammation that characterize chronic diabetic wounds, DOPG may be useful in stimulating wound healing. To date, efficacious therapies to promote the healing of chronic diabetic wounds are largely lacking; thus, DOPG may be added to the armamentarium of drugs to enhance diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Edymarie Vivaldi Marrero
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Advanced Glycation End Products and Activation of Toll-like Receptor-2 and -4 Induced Changes in Aquaporin-3 Expression in Mouse Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021376. [PMID: 36674890 PMCID: PMC9864132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inflammation and impaired re-epithelization are major contributing factors to chronic non-healing diabetic wounds; diabetes is also characterized by xerosis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), can trigger inflammatory responses. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays essential roles in keratinocyte function and skin wound re-epithelialization/re-generation and hydration. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, mimics the increased acetylation observed in diabetes. We investigated the effects of TLR2/TLR4 activators and AGEs on keratinocyte AQP3 expression in the presence and absence of SAHA. Primary mouse keratinocytes were treated with or without TLR2 agonist Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM), TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or AGEs, with or without SAHA. We found that (1) PAM and LPS significantly upregulated AQP3 protein basally (without SAHA) and PAM downregulated AQP3 protein with SAHA; and (2) AGEs (100 µg/mL) increased AQP3 protein expression basally and decreased AQP3 levels with SAHA. PAM and AGEs produced similar changes in AQP3 expression, suggesting a common pathway or potential crosstalk between TLR2 and AGEs signaling. Our findings suggest that TLR2 activation and AGEs may be beneficial for wound healing and skin hydration under normal conditions via AQP3 upregulation, but that these pathways are likely deleterious in diabetes chronically through decreased AQP3 expression.
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Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of our body and plays a protective role against the external environment. The skin functions as a mechanical and water permeability barrier, assisting with thermoregulation and defending our body against a variety of stresses such as ultraviolet radiation, microbial infection, physical injuries, and chemical hazards. The structure of the skin consists of three main layers: the hypodermis, the dermis, and the epidermis. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of integral membrane proteins whose function is to regulate intracellular fluid hemostasis by facilitating the transportation of water, and in some cases small molecules, across the cell membranes. Up to six different AQPs (AQP1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10) are expressed in a variety of cell types in the skin. The AQP family plays an important role in these various locations, contributing to many key functions of the skin including hydration, wound healing, and immune responses. The involvement of different aquaporin family members in skin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Yin
- Department of Breast Oncoplastic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Sino-Russian Joint Research Center for Oncoplastic Breast Surgery, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Tricarico PM, Mentino D, De Marco A, Del Vecchio C, Garra S, Cazzato G, Foti C, Crovella S, Calamita G. Aquaporins Are One of the Critical Factors in the Disruption of the Skin Barrier in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4020. [PMID: 35409378 PMCID: PMC8999368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving as an effective mechanical barrier between the internal milieu and the external environment. The skin is widely considered the first-line defence of the body, with an essential function in rejecting pathogens and preventing mechanical, chemical, and physical damages. Keratinocytes are the predominant cells of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, which acts as a mechanical and water-permeability barrier. The epidermis is a permanently renewed tissue where undifferentiated keratinocytes located at the basal layer proliferate and migrate to the overlying layers. During this migration process, keratinocytes undertake a differentiation program known as keratinization process. Dysregulation of this differentiation process can result in a series of skin disorders. In this context, aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins allowing the movement of water and small neutral solutes, are emerging as important players in skin physiology and skin diseases. Here, we review the role of AQPs in skin keratinization, hydration, keratinocytes proliferation, water retention, barrier repair, wound healing, and immune response activation. We also discuss the dysregulated involvement of AQPs in some common inflammatory dermatological diseases characterised by skin barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maura Tricarico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Aurora De Marco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Del Vecchio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
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Wound-Healing and Skin-Moisturizing Effects of Sasa veitchii Extract. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060761. [PMID: 34205315 PMCID: PMC8235400 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sasa veitchii (S. veitchii) is a traditional herb derived from the bamboo genus, which is collectively called Kumazasa. Although Kumazasa extract is believed to have various effects on the skin, there is little scientific evidence for these effects. In this study, we aimed to obtain scientific evidence regarding the wound-healing and skin-moisturizing effects of Kumazasa extract. Kumazasa extract was applied to the skin of a mouse wound model for 14 days, and the wound area and dermal water content were measured. Mice treated with Kumazasa extract had smaller wound areas than control mice. The dermal water content in the Kumazasa extract-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of cutaneous aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which is involved in wound healing and increases in dermal water content, were significantly increased by treatment with Kumazasa extract. Kumazasa extract-treated HaCaT cells exhibited significantly higher AQP3 expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation than control cells. With continuous application, Kumazasa extract increases AQP3 expression and exerts wound-healing and moisturizing effects. The increase in AQP3 expression elicited by Kumazasa extract may be due to enhancement of transcription via activation of p38 MAPK signaling.
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Role of Cutaneous Aquaporins in the Development of Xeroderma in Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020104. [PMID: 33494453 PMCID: PMC7912687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma is induced by diabetes, reducing patients’ quality of life. We aimed to clarify the roles of cutaneous water channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) in diabetic xeroderma using type 2 diabetes model db/db mice. Blood glucose levels were unchanged in 5-week-old db/db mice compared to db/+ mice (control mice), but the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes was confirmed in 12-week-old db/db mice. The dermal water content and AQP3 expression in 5-week-old db/db mice were almost the same as those in the control mice. On the other hand, in 12-week-old db/db mice, the dermal water content and AQP3 expression were significantly decreased. The addition of glucose to HaCaT cells had no effect on AQP3, but tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased the AQP3 expression level. Blood TNF-α levels or skin inflammation markers in the 12-week-old db/db mice were significantly higher than those in control mice. AQP3 levels in the skin were decreased in type 2 diabetes, and this decrease in AQP3 may be one of the causes of xeroderma. Therefore, a substance that increases AQP3 may be useful for improving xeroderma. Additionally, a decrease in skin AQP3 may be triggered by inflammation. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs may be effective as new therapeutic agents for diabetic xerosis.
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Huang PW, Jeng SF, Liu CM, Chen CC, Chang LR, Shih HS, Chen HF, Yang CH, Chen JA, Feng GM. Involvement of Aquaporins in the Intense Pulsed Light-Enhanced Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:549-556. [PMID: 32757279 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We previously demonstrated that intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation prior to wounding improved the wound healing in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Also, we found that IPL upregulated the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a protein that is crucial for wound healing, in normal rats. This present study aimed to examine the involvement of AQPs in the IPL-enhanced wound healing in diabetic rats. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into four groups: normal group, DM only group, DM rats with IPL treatment 2 weeks before wounding (DM + IPL-Pre group), and DM rats with concurrent IPL irradiation and wounding (DM + IPL-Con group). Wounds were created on the dorsal skin of rats. The expressions of AQP1, 3, 4, 7, and 9 in the pre-injured skin, periwound, and wound were determined. RESULTS Among all the AQPs analyzed, only the expressions of AQP3 and AQP7 were significantly altered. Unirradiated diabetic rats showed much higher expression level of AQP3 in the regenerating skin compared with normal rats. IPL pretreatment, but not concurrent treatment, attenuated the expression toward the level detected in the normal wounds. In contrast, a lower expression level of AQP7 was noted in the regenerating skin of DM only rats and IPL pretreatment upregulated the expression to a level similar to that in the normal rats. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of IPL pretreatment on the wound healing in diabetic rats might involve a mechanism by which the expression of AQPs is regulated. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Feng Jeng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 840, Taiwan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ren Chang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Shun Shih
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Jian-An Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ming Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
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11
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Bollag WB, Aitkens L, White J, Hyndman KA. Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis: more than skin deep. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1144-C1153. [PMID: 32267715 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin is essential for terrestrial life. It is responsible for regulating water permeability and functions as a mechanical barrier that protects against environmental insults such as microbial infection, ultraviolet light, injury, and heat and cold, which could damage the cells of the body and compromise survival of the organism. This barrier is provided by the outer layer, the epidermis, which is composed predominantly of keratinocytes; keratinocytes undergo a program of differentiation to form the stratum corneum comprising the cornified squame "bricks" and lipid "mortar." Dysregulation of this differentiation program can result in skin diseases, including psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancers, among others. Accumulating evidence in the literature indicates that the water-, glycerol-, and hydrogen peroxide-transporting channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a key role in various processes involved in keratinocyte function, and abnormalities in this channel have been observed in several human skin diseases. Here, we discuss the data linking AQP3 to keratinocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival as well as its role in skin properties and functions like hydration, water retention, wound healing, and barrier repair. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating AQP3 levels, localization, and function and the anomalies in AQP3 that are associated with various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lorry Aitkens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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12
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Madea B, Doberentz E, Jackowski C. Vital reactions - An updated overview. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 305:110029. [PMID: 31726327 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The question whether an injury was sustained during life or not is one of the most important subjects in forensic medicine. Therefore, vital reactions have been a main research topic in forensic medicine for a long period and many renowned forensic pathologists have devoted important papers to this field. The research area ranges from macroscopically visible organ reactions, over tissue alterations (enzyme histochemistry, later on immunohistochemistry with a wide range of enzymes and other analytes, molecular pathology) to biochemical responses to injury. Especially in the field of immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology much progress has been achieved in the last years (e.g. heat-shock-proteins or positive aquaporine3-staining in mechanical skin trauma). Furthermore, 20 years after its implementation postmortem imaging also contributes to the detection and visualization of vital signs. The aim of the present review is to provide an update on forensically relevant vital signs/vital reactions. Systemic vital reactions especially of the circulatory and respiratory system as well as local vital reactions will be addressed. Vital reactions of different organ systems will be discussed in detail regarding pathogenesis and possible postmortem evolution. Current research on immunohistochemically detectable vital reactions (heat-shock-protein expression, aquaporine3-staining in mechanical trauma of the skin) will be addressed as well as biochemical vital reactions (agonochemical stress reaction, myoglobine in electrocution death, hypoxanthine as marker of hypoxia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Madea
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elke Doberentz
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Jackowski
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Aikman B, de Almeida A, Meier-Menches SM, Casini A. Aquaporins in cancer development: opportunities for bioinorganic chemistry to contribute novel chemical probes and therapeutic agents. Metallomics 2019; 10:696-712. [PMID: 29766198 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins allowing permeation of water, glycerol & hydrogen peroxide across biomembranes, and playing an important role in water homeostasis in different organs, exocrine gland secretion, urine concentration, skin moisturization, fat metabolism and neural signal transduction. Notably, a large number of studies showed that AQPs are closely associated with cancer biological functions and expressed in more than 20 human cancer cell types. Furthermore, AQP expression is positively correlated with tumour types, grades, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, as well as tumour-associated oedema, rendering these membrane channels attractive as both diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. Recent developments in the field of AQPs modulation have identified coordination metal-based complexes as potent and selective inhibitors of aquaglyceroporins, opening new avenues in the application of inorganic compounds in medicine and chemical biology. The present review is aimed at providing an overview on AQP structure and function, mainly in relation to cancer. In this context, the exploration of coordination metal compounds as possible inhibitors of aquaporins may open the way to novel chemical approaches to study AQP roles in tumour growth and potentially to new drug families. Thus, we describe recent results in the field and reflect upon the potential of inorganic chemistry in providing compounds to modulate the activity of "elusive" membrane targets as the aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brech Aikman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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14
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Al-basher G, Al-otibi F. Biological Activity of Olive Leaf Extract and Regulation of Tissue Transglutaminase Expression in Diabetic Wound Healing. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.963.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Hamed S, Ullmann Y, Egozi D, Keren A, Daod E, Anis O, Kabha H, Belokopytov M, Ashkar M, Shofti R, Zaretsky A, Schlesinger M, Teot L, Liu PY. Topical Erythropoietin Treatment Accelerates the Healing of Cutaneous Burn Wounds in Diabetic Pigs Through an Aquaporin-3-Dependent Mechanism. Diabetes 2017; 66:2254-2265. [PMID: 28546424 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the topical application of erythropoietin (EPO) to cutaneous wounds in rats and mice with experimentally induced diabetes accelerates their healing by stimulating angiogenesis, reepithelialization, and collagen deposition, and by suppressing the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins whose function is to regulate intracellular fluid hemostasis by enabling the transport of water and glycerol. AQP3 is the AQP that is expressed in the skin where it facilitates cell migration and proliferation and re-epithelialization during wound healing. In this report, we provide the results of an investigation that examined the contribution of AQP3 to the mechanism of EPO action on the healing of burn wounds in the skin of pigs with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes. We found that topical EPO treatment of the burns accelerated their healing through an AQP3-dependent mechanism that activates angiogenesis, triggers collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis and the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and stimulates reepithelialization by keratinocytes. We also found that incorporating fibronectin, a crucial constituent of the ECM, into the topical EPO-containing gel, can potentiate the accelerating action of EPO on the healing of the burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Hamed
- Department of Research & Development, Remedor Biomed Ltd, Nazareth Illit, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ullmann
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dana Egozi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Essam Daod
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omer Anis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hoda Kabha
- Department of Research & Development, Remedor Biomed Ltd, Nazareth Illit, Israel
| | - Mark Belokopytov
- Department of Research & Development, Remedor Biomed Ltd, Nazareth Illit, Israel
| | - Manal Ashkar
- Department of Research & Development, Remedor Biomed Ltd, Nazareth Illit, Israel
| | - Rona Shofti
- Skin Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaph Zaretsky
- Skin Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Schlesinger
- Skin Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Luc Teot
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery and Wound Healing, Hopital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Y Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
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16
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Aquaporins in the Skin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:173-191. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Impaired self-healing capacity in airway epithelia lacking aquaporin-3. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 233:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Wardecki T, Werner P, Thomas M, Templin MF, Schmidt G, Brandner JM, Merfort I. Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1112-1123. [PMID: 27002382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is one of the main risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus. Few options are available to treat diabetic wounds, and therefore efficient remedies are urgently needed. An interesting option might be an extract of birch bark (TE) that has been clinically proven to accelerate acute wound healing. We investigated the effects of TE and its main components betulin and lupeol in cultured normal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from diabetic and nondiabetic donors. These in vitro models can provide insights into possible beneficial effects in wound healing. TE and betulin treatment led to increased mRNA levels of chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators important in wound healing, e.g., IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, and RANTES. We observed a pronounced upregulation of MIF, IL-8, and RANTES on the protein level. Furthermore, a shape change of the actin cytoskeleton was seen in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the Rho-GTPases and p38-MAPK were found to be activated in keratinocytes. On the basis of our results, TE is worthy of further study as a potential option to influence wound-healing processes under diabetic conditions. These first insights need to be confirmed by clinical studies with diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus F Templin
- Institute of Natural and Medical Sciences at the University of Tübingen , Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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Aquaporin-3 re-expression induces differentiation in a phospholipase D2-dependent manner in aquaporin-3-knockout mouse keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:499-507. [PMID: 25233074 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a water and glycerol channel expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. Despite many studies, controversy remains about the role of AQP3 in keratinocyte differentiation. Previously, our laboratory has shown co-localization of AQP3 and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in caveolin-rich membrane microdomains. We hypothesized that AQP3 transports glycerol and "funnels" this primary alcohol to PLD2 to form a pro-differentiative signal, such that the action of AQP3 to induce differentiation should require PLD2. To test this idea, we re-expressed AQP3 in mouse keratinocytes derived from AQP3-knockout mice. The re-expression of AQP3, which increased [3H]glycerol uptake, also induced mRNA and protein expression of epidermal differentiation markers such as keratin 1, keratin 10, and loricrin, with or without the induction of differentiation by an elevated extracellular calcium concentration. Re-expression of AQP3 had no effect on the expression of the proliferation markers keratin 5 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of PLD2, CAY10594, and a lipase-dead (LD) PLD2 mutant, but not a LD PLD1 mutant, significantly inhibited AQP3 re-expression-induced differentiation marker expression with calcium elevation, suggesting a role for PLD2 in this process. Thus, our results indicate that AQP3 has a pro-differentiative role in epidermal keratinocytes and that PLD2 activity is necessary for this effect.
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