1
|
Shkodina AD, Bardhan M, Chopra H, Anyagwa OE, Pinchuk VA, Hryn KV, Kryvchun AM, Boiko DI, Suresh V, Verma A, Delva MY. Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Approaches for the Management of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:205-224. [PMID: 38421578 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause various types of pain including ongoing extremity pain, Lhermitte's phenomenon, trigeminal neuralgia, and mixed pain. Neuropathic pain is a major concern for individuals with multiple sclerosis as it is directly linked to myelin damage in the central nervous system and the management of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis is challenging as the options available have limited efficacy and can cause unpleasant side effects. The literature search was conducted across two databases, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included clinical trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of literature on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies employed in the management of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacological options include cannabinoids, muscle relaxants (tizanidine, baclofen, dantrolene), anticonvulsants (benzodiazepines, gabapentin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine), antidepressants (duloxetine, venlafaxine, tricyclic antidepressants), opioids (naltrexone), and botulinum toxin variants, which have evidence from various clinical trials. Non-pharmacological approaches for trigeminal neuralgia may include neurosurgical methods. Non-invasive methods, physical therapy, and psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction) may be recommended for patients with neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and type of pain as well as other factors, such as patient preferences and comorbidities. There is a pressing need for healthcare professionals and researchers to prioritize the development of better strategies for managing multiple sclerosis-induced neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Shkodina
- Department of Neurological diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Neuro Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Viktoriia A Pinchuk
- Department of Neurological diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna V Hryn
- Department of Neurological diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Anzhelina M Kryvchun
- Department of Neurological diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro I Boiko
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Vinay Suresh
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Amogh Verma
- Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, India
| | - Mykhailo Yu Delva
- Department of Neurological diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Descamps E, Boussac M, Joineau K, Payoux P. Changes of cerebral functional connectivity induced by foot reflexology in a RCT. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17139. [PMID: 37816799 PMCID: PMC10564852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs) are increasingly being introduced into healthcare, but their mechanisms are unclear. In this study, 30 healthy participants received foot reflexology (FR) and sham massage, and went through a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to evaluate NPIs effect on brain. Rs-fMRI revealed an effect of both NPIs on functional connectivity with changes occurring in the default-mode network, the sensorimotor network and a Neural Network Correlates of Pain (NNCP-a newly discovered network showing great robustness). Even if no differences were found between FR and SM, this study allowed to report brain biomarkers of well-being as well as the safety of NPIs. In further research, it could be relevant to study it in patients to look for a true reflexology induced-effect dependent of patient reported outcomes. Overall, these findings enrich the understanding of the neural correlates of well-being experienced with NPIs and provided insight into the basis of the mechanisms of NPIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Descamps
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
- CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathilde Boussac
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
| | - Karel Joineau
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Inserm Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN - Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma X, Yuan Z, Qian B, Guan Y, Wang B. Systematic review and meta-analysis of reflexology for people with multiple sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32661. [PMID: 36749275 PMCID: PMC9902001 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on reflexology therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) is limited, and the evaluation is mixed. Our aim is to confirm the efficacy of reflexology therapy for MS. METHODS The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were followed. The search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Science Citation Index. The quality of the included trials was assessed by the Cochrane Handbook. The main results were summarized and analyzed in RevMan 5.4. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included in the final analysis. There were significant differences [mean difference (MD) -0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.37 to -0.43, heterogeneity I2 = 0%] between the Precision Reflexology and Sham Reflexology groups in visual analogue scale pain. There was a significant difference (MD -1.00, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.58, heterogeneity I2 = 93%) between the Precision Reflexology and Sham Reflexology groups on the fatigue severity scale. There was no difference between the Precision Reflexology and Sham Reflexology groups in physical function (MD 6.88, 95% CI -3.36 to 17.13, heterogeneity I2 = 31%), role disorder due to physical problems (MD 10.20, 95% CI -4.91 to 25.30, heterogeneity I2 = 0%), physical pain (MD 7.68, 95% CI -0.09 to 15.45, heterogeneity I2 = 0%), role disorder due to emotional problems (MD 3.41, 95% CI -11.55 to 18.37, heterogeneity I2 = 0%), energy (MD 3.27, 95% CI -4.32 to 10.87, heterogeneity I2 = 0%), emotional well-being (MD 1.79, 95% CI -4.76 to 8.34, heterogeneity I2 = 0%), social function (MD 5.72, 95% CI -3.48 to 14.91, heterogeneity I2 = 0%), or general health (MD 2.63, 95% CI -4.36 to 9.62, heterogeneity I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Reflexology therapy can be used as an effective intervention for the pain and fatigue of MS patients while improving the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baicheng Qian
- Department of Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Guan
- Department of Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoliang Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Baoliang Wang, Department of Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang T, Yan HX, An Y, Yin L, Sun PP, Zhao JN, Yan JT. The Efficacy and Safety of Manual Therapy for Symptoms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:780-790. [PMID: 36206232 PMCID: PMC9595630 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological autoimmune disease, affecting the psychological and physical health of patients. Manual therapies have been proven to relieve pain, strengthen muscles, and improve bladder and bowel problems with a high safety and low adverse event profile. Previous studies have reported the results of manual therapy in alleviating symptoms associated with MS, but the conclusions were controversial. Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to comprehensively analyze and determine the efficacy and safety of manual therapy in relieving symptoms associated with MS. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from inception of the database to April 30, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using manual therapy in patients to relieve symptoms associated with MS were considered eligible for this study. Two reviewers independently extracted data using pre-established standards. Results: Finally, 10 eligible RCTs with 631 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. These data establish that massage therapy can significantly ameliorate fatigue, pain, and spasms, while reflexology was only effective in relieving pain in MS patients. No adverse events were reported in eligible RCTs. Conclusions: The present study provides strong evidence that massage therapy could alleviate fatigue, pain, and spasms in MS patients, while reflexology plays a positive role in relieving pain. Physicians could consider massage therapy or reflexology as a safe and effective complementary and alternative treatment. Larger RCTs with higher methodological quality are needed in the future, which aim to provide more meaningful evidence for further proof of efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xin Yan
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun An
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Ping Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Na Zhao
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tao Yan
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai, China.,Address correspondence to: Jun-Tao Yan, BM, Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou, Shanghai 200437, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Whatley J, Perkins J, Samuel C. ‘Reflexology: Exploring the mechanism of action’. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 48:101606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Rawal R, Armstrong M, Read J, Chesterman E, Walters K, Schrag A, Ambler G. The effectiveness of aromatherapy and reflexology in neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2022; 12:253-265. [PMID: 35770590 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative conditions are chronic disorders and result in a range of debilitating symptoms, with many people turning to complementary therapies. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the evidence on effectiveness of aromatherapy and reflexology on all neurodegenerative conditions. We identified nine eligible studies (total sample n = 504 participants) all of which were on multiple sclerosis only. A meta-analysis was conducted including data from six studies, which demonstrated no significant benefit of aromatherapy/reflexology; however, the sample sizes were small and of low quality. This systematic review confirmed that it is not possible to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of reflexology and aromatherapy in multiple sclerosis. Larger high-quality studies are required to test these widely used therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Rawal
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Armstrong
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joy Read
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anette Schrag
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth Ambler
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hadoush H, Alawneh A, Kassab M, Al-Wardat M, Al-Jarrah M. Effectiveness of non-pharmacological rehabilitation interventions in pain management in patients with multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation 2022; 50:347-365. [PMID: 35180138 DOI: 10.3233/nre-210328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory and autoimmune neurological disease caused by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. Pain is a typical symptom of central nervous system demyelination, affecting 63% of adults with MS. Recently, the role of non-pharmacological pain management in patients is growing because the non-pharmacological interventions are considered safe, affordable, easy, and accessible. However, to date, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have comprehensively examined the therapeutic effects of the variety of non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions in the management of pain in patients with MS. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of the non-pharmacological rehabilitation interventions in pain management in patients with MS. METHODS A comprehensive search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases was performed and included all randomized controlled trials, randomized cross-over trials, and quasi-experimental trials assessing the effect of non-pharmacological interventions for managing pain in patients with MS. This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines of a systematic review and pair-wise meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were performed by calculating the standardized mean difference at a 95% confidence interval using Review Manager software. RESULTS Twenty-nine papers were included in the systematic review, and only 22 of them were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed a significant effect of neuromodulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on pain intensity reduction in patients with MS (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.09, P = 0.02), (SMD -0.67, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.16 P = 0.01), respectively. The analysis showed significant improvement in pain intensity in patient with MS after mind-body therapies (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.7, P = 0.02), mindfulness (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.14, P = 0.009), hypnosis (SMD -0.88, 95% CI -1.30 to -0.46, P = 0.0001), trigger point therapies (SMD -0.83, 95% CI -1.65 to -0.01, P = 0.05) and cognitive behavioral therapy (SMD -0.64, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.11, P = 0.02). However, there is no significant effect of relaxation therapy on pain reduction in patients with MS (SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.94 to 0.31, P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the majority of the non-pharmacological rehabilitation interventions showed potential therapeutic effects in reducing pain intensity in patients with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmat Hadoush
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anoud Alawneh
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manal Kassab
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al-Wardat
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Muhammed Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arji G, Rezaeizadeh H, Moghadasi AN, Sahraian MA, Karimi M, Alizadeh M. Complementary and alternative therapies in multiple sclerosis: a systematic literature classification and analysis. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:281-303. [PMID: 35060096 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease determined by inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Despite the extensive utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in MS, there is a need to have comprehensive evidence regarding their application in the management of MS symptoms. This manuscript is a Systematic Literature Review and classification (SLR) of CAM therapies for the management of MS symptoms based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) model. METHOD Studies published between 1990 and 2020 IN PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Pro-Quest, and Google Scholar using CAM therapies for the management of MS symptoms were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-one papers on the subject were analyzed and classified. The findings of this review clearly show that mindfulness, yoga, and reflexology were frequently used for managing MS symptoms. Moreover, most of the papers used mindfulness and yoga as a CAM therapy for the management of MS symptoms, which mostly devoted to mental functions such as fatigue, depression, cognition, neuromuscular functions such as gait, muscle strength, and spasticity, and sensory function such as balance, in addition to, reflexology is vastly used to management of mental functions of MS patients. CONCLUSION Evidence suggested that CAM therapies in patients with MS have the potential to target and enhancement numerous elements outlined in the ICF model. Although the use of CAM therapies in MS symptom management is promising, there is a need for strict clinical trials. Future research direction should concentrate on methodologically powerful studies to find out the potential efficacy of CAM intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goli Arji
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Information Technology Department, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- Department of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Alizadeh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heidari Z, Shahrbanian S, Chiu C. Massage therapy as a complementary and alternative approach for people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5758-5769. [PMID: 34338108 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1949051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes a range of different symptoms. Patients with MS (PwMS) have looked for alternative therapies to control their MS progress and treat their symptoms. Non-invasive therapeutic approaches such as massage can have benefits to mitigate some of these symptoms. However, there is no rigorous review of massage effectiveness for PwMS. The present systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of different massage approaches on common MS symptoms, including fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, and spasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of related trials was conducted in electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using search terms related to Multiple Sclerosis and massage therapy. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of reviewed studies. RESULTS A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. We rated 5 studies as fair and 7 studies as good. Fatigue was improved by different massage styles, such as reflexology, nonspecific therapeutic massage, and Swedish massage. Pain, anxiety, and depression were effectively improved by reflexology techniques. Spasticity was reduced by Swedish massage and reflexology techniques. CONCLUSIONS Different massage approaches effectively improved MS symptoms such as fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, and spasticity.Implications for rehabilitationThe present review results indicate that massage may have beneficial effects on motor and non-motor symptoms in MS.Massage could be considered a complementary and alternative treatment combined with conventional medicine in people with MS.Pain and fatigue are best improved by Swedish massage, while anxiety and depression are effectively improved by reflexology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Heidari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chungyi Chiu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salarvand S, Heidari ME, Farahi K, Teymuri E, Almasian M, Bitaraf S. Effectiveness of massage therapy on fatigue and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2021; 7:20552173211022779. [PMID: 34188950 PMCID: PMC8209836 DOI: 10.1177/20552173211022779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue and pain are prevalent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and frequent complaint in MS patients, which reduce their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effect of massage therapy on pain and fatigue in MS Patients. Method The original and Persian databases were searched included PubMed, web of science, embase, ovid, scopus, and the Cochrane Library, SID, and Iranedex from inception to November 2020. Studies that reported the effect of massage on fatigue and pain were included. Two investigators extracted all relevant data, independently. For deriving analysis, mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used. Result Ten studies were eligible acoording criteria. The effect of massage on fatigue showed significant improvement (-1.62; 95% CL -2.40, -0.83; p < .00001), also results of the systematic review showed a significant reduction in pain severity. Conclusion Massage as a complementary and non-pharmacological therapy might have been associated with alleviating fatigue and pain in M.S. patients. Based on the current study, massage intervention for MS patients could have possible clinical value for palliating pain and fatigue and improving quality of life; however, this matter needs further and more significant trial studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Salarvand
- Hepatitis Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eghbal Heidari
- Student Scientific Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Farahi
- Student Scientific Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Teymuri
- Student Scientific Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Almasian
- Department of the English Language, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saeid Bitaraf
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Pain is an important and frequent symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), which leads to a low quality of life, increased disability level, and lack of employment and mental health. Recently, studies have shown increased interest in pain in MS and there is a growing evidence of its prevalence. However, the literature suffers from lack of experimental studies focusing on pain reduction. This topical review summarizes the current knowledge about pain in MS with its definitions, assessments, treatments and rehabilitation within a holistic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Yilmazer
- Rehabilitation Research Center (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ilse Lamers
- Rehabilitation Research Center (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium/Rehabilitation and MS Center, Pelt, Belgium /University MS Center, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Claudio Solaro
- Department of Rehabilitation, Associazione Silenziosi Operai della Croce, Onlus, Moncrivello, Italy
| | - Peter Feys
- Rehabilitation Research Center (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium//University MS Center, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Fatigue, Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Fatigue, sleep disorders, and anxiety are common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. MS reduced the quality of life by these symptoms in patients. Studies have shown that foot reflexology may reduce some problems of this disease. Objectives: The present randomized controlled trial study investigated the effect of reflexology on fatigue, sleep quality, and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: This study included 63 patients with MS referred to Arak MS society in 2018 - 2019. Reflexology and placebo intervention had applied twice a week for 4 weeks, and each session lasted about 30 - 40 minutes. Fatigue Impact scale (FIS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for data collection before and after the intervention. A significant statistical level was considered 0.05. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (V. 16.0). Results: Significant improvement was observed in physical fatigue (P = 0.042), sleep quality (P = 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.034) in the reflexology group after the intervention. Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) revealed a decrease in fatigue level in MS patients, but these alterations were not significant (P = 0.134). Conclusions: Reflexology is a non-invasive, simple, affordable, and low-cost nursing intervention that can be helpful in reducing physical fatigue, anxiety, and improving sleep quality of people with MS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Inkaya B, Tuzer H. Effect of Reflexology on the Constipation Status of Elderly People. Yonago Acta Med 2020; 63:115-121. [PMID: 32494217 PMCID: PMC7231874 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current literature shows that one of the alternative therapies used to control constipation is reflexology. This study was conducted to assess the effect of reflexology on the constipation status of elderly people. METHODS This study was randomized clinical trial conducted from at the private nursing home in the Ankara Province. At the nursing home, 60 eligible elderly people were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group received foot reflexology massage for 1 month three times per week for 30 min. Reflexology was initiated from the patient's right foot. The foot was relaxed primarily by applying effleurage followed by shaking, rotation, and stretching methods. The practice ended by applying solar plexus pressure on both feet. For elderly people in the control group foot surface massage without pressure was applied to simulate the interventions similar to the experimental group. The scale scores before and after reflexology were noted for the experimental group, and those for the control group, which did not receive any reflexology massage, were also determined. RESULTS After the implementation of reflexology, the rate of emptying bowels on alternate days increased in the experimental group as opposed to that in the control group (P < 0.001). In this study, reflexology was found to improve the quality of life of the elderly and decrease the severity of constipation. CONCLUSION Foot reflexology massage was found to be effective in relieving the constipation of elderly people. Therefore, reflexology is recommended as part of nursing care to reduce the constipation status of elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Inkaya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Tuzer
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amedoro A, Berardi A, Conte A, Pelosin E, Valente D, Maggi G, Tofani M, Galeoto G. The effect of aquatic physical therapy on patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 41:102022. [PMID: 32114368 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aquatic environment has unique properties, such a buoyancy, turbulence, hydrostatic pressure, and resistance, which can be used to gain a range of exercise benefits. During the last decade, hydrotherapy has spread in a very heterogeneous rehabilitation field. However, the efficacy of this kind of rehabilitation is not clear in scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative results of physical therapy treatments in an aquatic setting for individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. METHOD PRISMA guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review and meta-analysis. Three bibliographic databases were searched: MEDLINE, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library. Papers included in the study have the following characteristics: (a) a randomized controlled trial design of research and (b) published in English. The quality of the clinical trials included were evaluated according to a Jadad score and through meta-analysis. RESULTS After the elimination of duplicates, 116 records were screened. Among these, 11 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review. Ten of these were involved in the meta-analysis. From the qualitative analysis, a larger number of studies were found with a high level of quality. Most of the results of the quantitative analysis were statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Aquatic physical therapy is a valid means of rehabilitation for people with Multiple Sclerosis. The integration of this methodological approach with conventional physical therapy is recommended. Nevertheless, more studies, a larger number of participants, and short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up are required to confirm current results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Amedoro
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Anna Berardi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed Pozzili, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Via Balbi, 5, Genova 16126, Italy
| | - Donatella Valente
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maggi
- Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Marco Tofani
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Via della Torre di Palidoro, Rome 00054, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Galeoto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aboud T, Schuster NM. Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis: a Review of Available Treatment Options. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2019; 21:62. [PMID: 31773455 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-019-0601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with no curative treatment available. While recent years have ushered in many effective new disease-modifying therapies for MS, they have not obviated the need for symptomatic treatments for MS-related pain. In this review, we discuss available approaches to control pain, which is one of the most common complaints MS patients have. RECENT FINDINGS The most recent research in this topic is directed towards non-pharmacologic interventions including water exercises, yoga and cannabis. More trials are being conducted on neuromodulation for MS-related neuropathic pain, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Pain control for MS patients is challenging, considering the progressive and relapsing remitting nature of the disease, however, it is a very important aspect of it's management, as it improves mobility, exercise tolerance, concomitant depression and overall quality of life. Future research should focus on the use of neuromodulation in controlling MS pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talal Aboud
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Nathaniel M Schuster
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naseri-Salahshour V, Sajadi M, Abedi A, Fournier A, Saeidi N. Reflexology as an adjunctive nursing intervention for management of nausea in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 36:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Nourmohammadi H, Motaghi M, Borji M, Tarjoman A, Soltany B. The Effects of Reflexology on Fatigue Severity of Patients with Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:391-394. [PMID: 30803197 PMCID: PMC6897012 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is a major threat to women’s health and a common factor that can reduce their life expectancy. Complementary medicine such as reflexology is known to reduce fatigue severity in cancer patients. The present study aimed to cultivate the effect of reflexology on fatigue severity of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The present pre-post clinical trial recruited 57 patients with breast cancer and involved an experimental and a control group. All patients were livening in Ilam, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (N=27) and control (N=30). The experimental group received reflexology for 4 sessions. Data were collected using Fatigue severity scale (FSS) and demographic information questionnaire. FSS was completed by the patients twice; before the intervention and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS and running t-test and ANOVA. Results: Results showed no significant difference in fatigue severity between experimental (45.44±5.30) and control (43.66±7.68) groups prior to the intervention (p>0.05). However, after conducting the intervention, a significant difference in fatigue severity was seen between the experimental (20.66±4.54) and control (40.36±9.58) groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: The present study showed that reflexology decrease fatigue severity in patients with breast cancer and community health nursing can to use of these complementary medicine to increase patients health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nourmohammadi
- Medical Oncologist and Hematologist, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is common and significantly impacts on the lives of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Various types of non-pharmacological interventions are widely used, both in hospital and ambulatory/mobility settings to improve pain control in pwMS, but the effectiveness and safety of many non-pharmacological modalities is still unknown. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for the management of chronic pain in pwMS. Specific questions to be addressed by this review include the following.Are non-pharmacological interventions (unidisciplinary and/or multidisciplinary rehabilitation) effective in reducing chronic pain in pwMS?What type of non-pharmacological interventions (unidisciplinary and/or multidisciplinary rehabilitation) are effective (least and most effective) and in what setting, in reducing chronic pain in pwMS? SEARCH METHODS A literature search was performed using the specialised register of the Cochrane MS and Rare Diseases of the Central Nervous System Review Group, using the Cochrane MS Group Trials Register which contains CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACUS, Clinical trials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform on 10 December 2017. Handsearching of relevant journals and screening of reference lists of relevant studies was carried out. SELECTION CRITERIA All published randomised controlled trials (RCTs)and cross-over studies that compared non-pharmacological therapies with a control intervention for managing chronic pain in pwMS were included. Clinical controlled trials (CCTs) were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All three review authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool for best-evidence synthesis. Pooling data for meta-analysis was not possible due to methodological, clinical and statistically heterogeneity of the included studies. MAIN RESULTS Overall, 10 RCTs with 565 participants which investigated different non-pharmacological interventions for the management of chronic pain in MS fulfilled the review inclusion criteria. The non-pharmacological interventions evaluated included: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), psychotherapy (telephone self-management, hypnosis and electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS), hydrotherapy (Ai Chi) and reflexology.There is very low-level evidence for the use of non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain such as TENS, Ai Chi, tDCS, tRNS, telephone-delivered self-management program, EEG biofeedback and reflexology in pain intensity in pwMS. Although there were improved changes in pain scores and secondary outcomes (such as fatigue, psychological symptoms, spasm in some interventions), these were limited by methodological biases within the studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite the use of a wide range of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of chronic pain in pwMS, the evidence for these interventions is still limited or insufficient, or both. More studies with robust methodology and greater numbers of participants are needed to justify the effect of these interventions for the management of chronic pain in pwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhasker Amatya
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park CampusDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicinePoplar RoadParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
| | - Jamie Young
- Melbourne HealthRehabilitation MedicineRoyal Melbourne Hospital Royal Park Campus34‐54 Poplar Road, ParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3011
| | - Fary Khan
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park CampusDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicinePoplar RoadParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmadidarrehsima S, Mohammadpourhodki R, Ebrahimi H, Keramati M, Dianatinasab M. Effect of foot reflexology and slow stroke back massage on the severity of fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A semi-experimental study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 15:jcim-2017-0183. [PMID: 30265652 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Fatigue is one of the most disturbing and the most common symptoms reported by patients dialyzed. There are methods available on complementary and alternative medicine, through which nurses can help patients to promote their health. Reflexology is a treatment which has a long history and is considered as one of the most popular and the most widespread methods of alternative medicine. In this study, the effects of foot reflexology and slow stroke back massage on the severity of fatigue in patients treated with hemodialysis were measured. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that performed on 52 patients chosen from Imam Khomeini dialysis center in Zabol and divided into control and intervention groups by randomize allocation method. Required information collected from a demographic and fatigue severity questionnaire. After completing questionnaires by the study subjects, foot massage and slow stroke back massage was performed during three weeks, two sessions each week (5 sessions in total). At the end of intervention data of two groups was collected. Data was analyzed using independent sample t-Test, Chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, oneway ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni test by SPSS software version 21. Results The mean [±SD] fatigue in patients with foot reflexology massage and slow stroke back massage reflect on the 53.61[±10.12] and 52.20 [±10.37], and the differences were not significant, but after the intervention, fatigue in the group receiving foot reflexology massage was reduced significantly compared to slow stroke back massage group (p<0.0001). Conclusions The result of this study showed that reflexology massage is a safe and economical nursing intervention for decreasing fatigue in hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Mohammadpourhodki
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Maryam Keramati
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McCullough JE, Liddle SD, Close C, Sinclair M, Hughes CM. Reflexology: A randomised controlled trial investigating the effects on beta-endorphin, cortisol and pregnancy related stress. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 31:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Claflin SB, van der Mei IAF, Taylor BV. Complementary and alternative treatments of multiple sclerosis: a review of the evidence from 2001 to 2016. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:34-41. [PMID: 28768821 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) commonly use complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), but an understanding of their efficacy is lacking. Here, we quantitatively review the class I and class II studies of treatment efficacy for multiple sclerosis from January 2001 to January 2017, in order to assess the modern evidence for CAM use. The 38 studies included in this review are divided across five CAM types (cannabis, diet, exercise, psychological approaches and other). We found little evidence to support CAM efficacy. The studies contained little replication in intervention, primary outcomes or study design. Six of 16 CAMs included in this review were only researched in a single study. Future work in this area should build consensus around study methodologies and primary outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzi B Claflin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ingrid A F van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Özdelikara A, Tan M. The effect of reflexology on the quality of life with breast cancer patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 29:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
23
|
Esmel-Esmel N, Tomás-Esmel E, Aparicio Rollan Y, Pérez Cáceres I, Montes-Muñoz MJ, Jimenez-Herrera M. Exploring the body through reflexology: Physical behaviors observed during application. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016; 25:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Nazari F, Soheili M, Hosseini S, Shaygannejad V. A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 13:65-71. [PMID: 26581073 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common and significant symptom in many individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence and severity of pain in individuals with MS has also been shown to be associated with higher levels of depression, functional impairment, and fatigue. It is common for MS patients and their caregivers to worry about narcotic addiction in the management of chronic pain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women suffering from MS. METHODS This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial performed on 75 patients with MS referred to the MS Clinic of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). After simple non-random sampling, using the minimization method, participants were randomly assigned to the three groups of reflexology, relaxation, and control. In the experimental groups, foot reflexology and relaxation interventions (Jacobson and Benson) were performed within 4 weeks, twice a week for 40 min. The control group received routine care and medical treatment as directed by a doctor. Data were collected using the Numerical Rating Scale before, immediately after, and 2 months after interventions in all three groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. RESULTS Findings obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant differences between mean pain intensity scores in the three groups preintervention and 2 months after interventions (p > 0.05). However, this difference was statistically significant immediately after the study (p < 0.05). Findings obtained from repeated measures ANOVA showed that the severity of pain significantly differed during different times in reflexology and relaxation (p < 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in the control group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) revealed a significantly higher reduction in pain intensity scores in the reflexology group after the intervention, compared with the two other groups, but showed no significant differences between relaxation and control groups. There were no significant differences between the three groups 2 months after the interventions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that both interventions are effective on relieving pain in women with MS; however, it appears that the effect of reflexology on pain reduction is greater than that of relaxation. Hence, these two methods can be recommended as effective techniques.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
This study is to determine the effect of foot reflexology on the level of depression in women with OAB. Study findings included in the study showed foot reflexology as a part of OAB treatment relieved urinary and depressive symptoms and had a positive effect on quality of life.
Collapse
|
26
|
McVicar A, Greenwood C, Ellis C, LeForis C. Influence of Study Design on Outcomes Following Reflexology Massage: An Integrative and Critical Review of Interventional Studies. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:739-50. [PMID: 27463943 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation of the efficacy of reflexology is hindered by inconsistent research designs and complicated by professional views that criteria of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)are not ideal to research holistic complementary and alternative medicine practice. The influence of research designs on study outcomes is not known. This integrative review sought to evaluate this possibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven interventional studies (2000-2014) were identified; they had RCT or non-RCT design and compared reflexology outcomes against a control/comparison group. Viability of integrating RCT and non-RCT studies into a single database was first evaluated by appraisal of 16 reporting fields related to study setting and objectives, sample demographics, methodologic design, and treatment fidelity and assessment against Jadad score quality criteria for RCTs. For appraisal, the database was stratified into RCT/non-RCT or Jadad score of 3 or more or less than 3. Deficits in reporting were identified for blind assignment of participants, dropout/completion rate, and School of Reflexology. For comparison purposes, these fields were excluded from subsequent analysis for evidence of association between design fields and of fields with study outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-one studies applied psychometric tools and 20 applied biometric tools (14 applied both). A total of 116 measures were used. Type of measure was associated with study objectives (p < 0.001; chi-square), in particular of psychometric measures with a collated "behavioral/cognitive" objective. Significant outcomes were more likely (p < 0.001; chi-square) for psychometric than for biometric measures. Neither type of outcome was associated with choice of RCT or non-RCT method, but psychometric responses were associated (p = 0.007) with a nonmassage control strategy. CONCLUSIONS The review supports psychometric responses to reflexology when study design uses a nonmassage control strategy. Findings suggest that an evaluation of outcomes against sham reflexology massage and other forms of massage, as well as a narrower focus of study objective, may clarify whether there is a relationship between study design and efficacy of reflexology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McVicar
- 1 Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Greenwood
- 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ellis
- 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Chantelle LeForis
- 1 Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sigurdardottir S, Halldorsdottir S, Bender SS, Agnarsdottir G. Personal resurrection: female childhood sexual abuse survivors’ experience of theWellness-Program. Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 30:175-86. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigridur Halldorsdottir
- Faculty of Graduate Studies; School of Health Sciences; University of Akureyri; Akureyri Iceland
| | - Soley S. Bender
- Research and Development regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health; School of Health Sciences; University Hospital; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis–The American Academy of Neurology Guidelines: A Commentary. Clin Ther 2014; 36:1972-1978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Close C, Sinclair M, Liddle SD, Madden E, McCullough JE, Hughes C. A systematic review investigating the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for the management of low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) in pregnancy. J Adv Nurs 2014; 70:1702-16. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlene Sinclair
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research; University of Ulster; Jordanstown UK
| | - S. Dianne Liddle
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research; University of Ulster; Jordanstown UK
| | - Elaine Madden
- South Eastern Health & Social Care Trust Northern Ireland; Belfast UK
| | | | - Ciara Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research; University of Ulster; Jordanstown UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amatya B, Khan F, La Mantia L, Demetrios M, Wade DT. Non pharmacological interventions for spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009974. [PMID: 23450612 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009974.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spasticity is commonly experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and it contributes to overall disability in this population. A wide range of non pharmacological interventions are used in isolation or with pharmacological agents to treat spasticity in MS. Evidence for their effectiveness is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of various non pharmacological interventions for the treatment of spasticity in adults with MS. SEARCH METHODS A literature search was performed using the Specialised Register of the Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the Central Nervous System Review Group on using the Cochrane MS Group Trials Register which among other sources, contains CENTRAL, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, PEDRO in June 2012. Manual searching in the relevant journals and screening of the reference lists of identified studies and reviews were carried out. Abstracts published in proceedings of conferences were also scrutinised. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported non pharmacological intervention/s for treatment of spasticity in adults with MS and compared them with some form of control intervention (such as sham/placebo interventions or lower level or different types of intervention, minimal intervention, waiting list controls or no treatment; interventions given in different settings), were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently selected the studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool for best-evidence synthesis. A meta-analysis was not possible due to methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity of included studies. MAIN RESULTS Nine RCTs (N = 341 participants, 301 included in analyses) investigated various types and intensities of non pharmacological interventions for treating spasticity in adults with MS. These interventions included: physical activity programmes (such as physiotherapy, structured exercise programme, sports climbing); transcranial magnetic stimulation (Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)); electromagnetic therapy (pulsed electromagnetic therapy; magnetic pulsing device), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS); and Whole Body Vibration (WBV). All studies scored 'low' on the methodological quality assessment implying high risk of bias. There is 'low level' evidence for physical activity programmes used in isolation or in combination with other interventions (pharmacological or non pharmacological), and for repetitive magnetic stimulation (iTBS/rTMS) with or without adjuvant exercise therapy in improving spasticity in adults with MS. No evidence of benefit exists to support the use of TENS, sports climbing and vibration therapy for treating spasticity in this population. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is 'low level' evidence for non pharmacological interventions such as physical activities given in conjunction with other interventions, and for magnetic stimulation and electromagnetic therapies for beneficial effects on spasticity outcomes in people with MS. A wide range of non pharmacological interventions are used for the treatment of spasticity in MS, but more robust trials are needed to build evidence about these interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhasker Amatya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Park Campus, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miller L, McIntee E, Mattison P. Evaluation of the effects of reflexology on quality of life and symptomatic relief in multiple sclerosis patients with moderate to severe disability; a pilot study. Clin Rehabil 2013; 27:591-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215512469383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the feasibility of delivering reflexology to people moderately to severely affected by multiple sclerosis and to investigate the effect on a range of symptoms. Methods: A pilot single-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Setting: An outpatient multiple sclerosis rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Twenty people moderately to severely affected by multiple sclerosis were randomized into one of two groups receiving either reflexology or sham reflexology. Intervention: Each participant received 8 weeks, 1 hour per week of either reflexology or sham reflexology. Main measures: Primary outcome measure was the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS29). Secondary measures assessed a range of symptoms at baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at either 8 ( P = 0.538) or 16 ( P = 0.112) weeks for the primary outcome measure; however, both groups demonstrated small improvements from 92.3 (SD 20.9) to 75.6 (SD 3.3) with reflexology, and 91.3 (SD 29.9) to 81.5 (±18.5) with sham reflexology group after 8 weeks of treatment. Small improvements were noted in most of the secondary outcome measures at 8 weeks. There was no difference between the groups at 8 weeks except for bladder function ( P = 0.003) and most scores returned to baseline at follow-up. Conclusions: The results do not support the use of reflexology for symptom relief in a more disabled multiple sclerosis population and are strongly suggestive of a placebo response. This study demonstrates, however, that reflexology can be delivered and is well tolerated by people who are moderately to severely affected by multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Miller
- Ayrshire Multiple Sclerosis Service, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Irvine, UK
| | - E McIntee
- Ayrshire Multiple Sclerosis Service, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Irvine, UK
| | - P Mattison
- Ayrshire Multiple Sclerosis Service, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Irvine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Optical, spectroscopic, and Doppler evaluation of "normal" and "abnormal" reflexology areas in lumbar vertebral pathology: a case study. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:904729. [PMID: 23365581 PMCID: PMC3534242 DOI: 10.1155/2012/904729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific validation of reflexology requires an in-depth and noninvasive evaluation of “reflexology/reflex areas” in health and disease. The present paper reports the differential properties of “normal” and “abnormal” reflexology areas related to the lumbar vertebrae in a subject suffering from low back pain. The pathology is supported by radiological evidence. The reflexology target regions were clinically assessed with respect to colour and tenderness in response to finger pressure. Grey scale luminosity and pain intensity, as assessed by visual analogue scale scores, differentiated “normal” from “abnormal” skin. Skin swept source-optical coherence tomography recorded their structural differences. Infrared thermography revealed temperature variations. A laser Doppler study using a combined microcirculation and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring system indicated alterations in blood flow and oxygen perfusion. Raman spectroscopy showed differences in chemical signatures between these areas. The present findings may indicate a potential correlation between the reflexology areas and subsurface pathological changes, showing an association with the healthy or unhealthy status of the lumbar vertebrae.
Collapse
|
33
|
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among People with Multiple Sclerosis in the Nordic Countries. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:841085. [PMID: 23304461 PMCID: PMC3529905 DOI: 10.1155/2012/841085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. The aim of the study was to describe and compare (1) the types and prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments used among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Nordic countries; (2) the types of conventional treatments besides disease-modifying medicine for MS that were used in combination with CAM treatments; (3) the types of symptoms/health issues addressed by use of CAM treatments. Methods. An internet-based questionnaire was used to collect data from 6455 members of the five Nordic MS societies. The response rates varied from 50.9% in Norway to 61.5% in Iceland. Results. A large range of CAM treatments were reported to be in use in all five Nordic countries. Supplements of vitamins and minerals, supplements of oils, special diet, acupuncture, and herbal medicine were among the CAM treatment modalities most commonly used. The prevalence of the overall use of CAM treatments within the last twelve months varied from 46.0% in Sweden to 58.9% in Iceland. CAM treatments were most often used in combination with conventional treatments. The conventional treatments that were most often combined with CAM treatment were prescription medication, physical therapy, and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The proportion of CAM users who reported exclusive use of CAM (defined as use of no conventional treatments besides disease-modifying medicine for MS) varied from 9.5% in Finland to 18.4% in Norway. In all five Nordic countries, CAM treatments were most commonly used for nonspecific/preventative purposes such as strengthening the body in general, improving the body's muscle strength, and improving well-being. CAM treatments were less often used for the purpose of improving specific symptoms such as body pain, problems with balance, and fatigue/lack of energy. Conclusions. A large range of CAM treatments were used by individuals with MS in all Nordic countries. The most commonly reported rationale for CAM treatment use focused on improving the general state of health. The overall pattern of CAM treatment use was similar across the five countries.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuspinar A, Rodriguez AM, Mayo NE. The effects of clinical interventions on health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Mult Scler 2012; 18:1686-704. [PMID: 23235779 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512445201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to estimate the extent to which existing health care interventions designed specifically to target health-related quality of life (HRQL) in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) achieve this aim. The structured literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, for the years 1960 to 2011. The methodological quality of selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's recommended domain-based method. Effect size (ES) was used to measure the effect of each intervention on HRQL. The studies were combined using a random-effects model to account for inter-study variation. Heterogeneity was tested for using the I-test and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger weighted regression statistic. Thirty-nine RCTs met the criteria, all with acceptable methodological quality. Six major types of interventions were identified through the search. The smallest effect was observed for self-management and complementary and alternative medicine (ES=0.2), followed by medication (ES=0.3) then cognitive training and exercise (ES=0.4), and psychological interventions to improve mood (ES=0.7). The magnitude of positive effect on HRQL varied between the different types of interventions. The extent to which interventions are able to improve HRQL depends on delivering a potent intervention to those persons who have the potential to benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kuspinar
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by one-half to three-fourths of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Although it is used widely, CAM may not be discussed during a conventional medical visit. In MS, CAM therapies exhibit a broad range of risk-benefit profiles; some of these therapies are low risk and possibly beneficial, whereas others are ineffective, dangerous, or unstudied. Health professionals who provide objective and practical information about the risks and benefits of CAM therapies may improve the quality of care for those with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen C Bowling
- MS Service, Colorado Neurological Institute, 701 East Hampden Avenue, #320, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hydrotherapy for the treatment of pain in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:473963. [PMID: 21785645 PMCID: PMC3138085 DOI: 10.1155/2012/473963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating neurological disease. Several studies have reported that complementary and alternative therapies can have positive effects against pain in these patients. Objective. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of an Ai-Chi aquatic exercise program against pain and other symptoms in MS patients. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial, 73 MS patients were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group for a 20-week treatment program. The experimental group underwent 40 sessions of Ai-Chi exercise in swimming pool and the control group 40 sessions of abdominal breathing and contraction-relaxation exercises in therapy room. Outcome variables were pain, disability, spasm, depression, fatigue, and autonomy, which were assessed before the intervention and immediately and at 4 and 10 weeks after the last treatment session. Results. The experimental group showed a significant (P < 0.028) and clinically relevant decrease in pain intensity versus baseline, with an immediate posttreatment reduction in median visual analogue scale scores of 50% that was maintained for up to 10 weeks. Significant improvements were also observed in spasm, fatigue, disability, and autonomy. Conclusion. According to these findings, an Ai-Chi aquatic exercise program improves pain, spasms, disability, fatigue, depression, and autonomy in MS patients.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ernst E, Posadzki P, Lee MS. Reflexology: an update of a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Maturitas 2010; 68:116-20. [PMID: 21111551 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reflexology is a popular form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The aim of this update is to critically evaluate the evidence for or against the effectiveness of reflexology in patients with any type of medical condition. Six electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Their methodological quality was assessed independently by the two reviewers using the Jadad score. Overall, 23 studies met all inclusion criteria. They related to a wide range of medical conditions. The methodological quality of the RCTs was often poor. Nine high quality RCTs generated negative findings; and five generated positive findings. Eight RCTs suggested that reflexology is effective for the following conditions: diabetes, premenstrual syndrome, cancer patients, multiple sclerosis, symptomatic idiopathic detrusor over-activity and dementia yet important caveats remain. It is concluded that the best clinical evidence does not demonstrate convincingly reflexology to be an effective treatment for any medical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ernst
- Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter & Plymouth, Exeter, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|