Chitinase 3-like 1 is not a target antigen in patients with multiple sclerosis

Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of acute kidney injury biomarkers CH3L1 and L-FABP using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Chitinase 3-like 1 (CH3L1) and liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) are promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, a highly sensitive method for the quantitative detection of CH3L1 and L-FABP by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on graphene oxide/gold and silver core-shell nanoparticles (GO/Au@Ag NPs) was proposed. The results showed that such GO/Au@Ag substrate can achieve rapid sensing of CH3L1 and L-FABP with a wide response range (2 × 10^-1 to 2 × 10^-8 mg/mL and 1.2 × 10^-1 to 1.2 × 10^-8 mg/mL, respectively) and high sensitivity. The detection limits of CH3L1 and L-FABP were 1.21 × 10^-8 mg/mL and 0.62 × 10^-8 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the simultaneous detection of the two biomarkers in serum was demonstrated, showing the feasibility of this method in the complex biological environment. The detection of CH3L1 and L-FABP will greatly improve the early diagnosis and intervention of AKI.

Astrocytic Chitinase-3-like protein 1 in neurological diseases: Potential roles and future perspectives

Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein characterized by its ability to regulate multiple biological processes, such as the inflammatory response and gene transcriptional signaling activation. Abnormal CHI3L1 expression has been associated with multiple neurological disorders and serves as a biomarker for the early detection of several neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant CHI3L1 expression is also reportedly associated with brain tumor migration and metastasis, as well as contributions to immune escape, playing important roles in brain tumor progression. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted mainly by reactive astrocytes in the central nervous system. Thus, targeting astrocytic CHI3L1 could be a promising approach for the treatment of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and glioma. Based on current knowledge of CHI3L1, we assume that it acts as a molecule mediating several signaling pathways driving the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. This narrative review is the first to introduce the potential roles of astrocytic CHI3L1 in neurological disorders. We also equally explore astrocytic CHI3L1 mRNA expression under physiological and pathological conditions. Inhibiting CHI3L1 and disrupting its interaction with its receptors through multiple mechanisms of action are briefly discussed. These endeavors highlight the pivotal roles of astrocytic CHI3L1 in neurological disorders and could contribute to the development of effective inhibitors based on the strategy of structure-based drug discovery, which could be an attractive therapeutic approach for neurological disease treatment.