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Dosso JA, Riminchan A, Robillard JM. Social robotics for children: an investigation of manufacturers' claims. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1080157. [PMID: 38187475 PMCID: PMC10770258 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1080157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As the market for commercial children's social robots grows, manufacturers' claims around the functionality and outcomes of their products have the potential to impact consumer purchasing decisions. In this work, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the content and scientific support for claims about social robots for children made on manufacturers' websites. A sample of 21 robot websites was obtained using location-independent keyword searches on Google, Yahoo, and Bing from April to July 2021. All claims made on manufacturers' websites about robot functionality and outcomes (n = 653 statements) were subjected to content analysis, and the quality of evidence for these claims was evaluated using a validated quality evaluation tool. Social robot manufacturers made clear claims about the impact of their products in the areas of interaction, education, emotion, and adaptivity. Claims tended to focus on the child rather than the parent or other users. Robots were primarily described in the context of interactive, educational, and emotional uses, rather than being for health, safety, or security. The quality of the information used to support these claims was highly variable and at times potentially misleading. Many websites used language implying that robots had interior thoughts and experiences; for example, that they would love the child. This study provides insight into the content and quality of parent-facing manufacturer claims regarding commercial social robots for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Dosso
- Neuroscience, Engagement, and Smart Tech (NEST) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Neuroscience, Engagement, and Smart Tech (NEST) Laboratory, British Columbia Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Riminchan
- Neuroscience, Engagement, and Smart Tech (NEST) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Neuroscience, Engagement, and Smart Tech (NEST) Laboratory, British Columbia Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie M. Robillard
- Neuroscience, Engagement, and Smart Tech (NEST) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Neuroscience, Engagement, and Smart Tech (NEST) Laboratory, British Columbia Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Lozano-Mosos JS, Hernández Leal J, Colina-Matiz S, Muñoz-Vargas PT. Education by a social robot on nutrition and catheter care in pediatric oncology patients. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:693. [PMID: 37955739 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve knowledge on nutrition and catheter care in children with cancer by an educational intervention with a social robot. METHODS We conducted a cohort study on pediatric cancer patients in a high complexity Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. We included 14 patients (8-17 years old) who underwent an educational intervention with the help of a humanoid robot (Nao V6). The robot was programmed to transmit educational messages about self-care in feeding and using the central venous catheter. A survey with yes-no questions was administered before and after the intervention. RESULTS We found an improvement in understanding of the subject matter related to nutrition and catheter care, when comparing the knowledge on topics before and after the educational intervention (p < .001). CONCLUSION Education by a social robot on nutrition and catheter care showed a positive effect on children's knowledge on these topics. Therefore, it potentially decreases the risk of poor feeding habits and inadequate central venous catheter management, and improves adherence to recommendations and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Hernández Leal
- Unidad de Investigación Científica. Hospital Militar Central, Tv. 3 # 49-02, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Soraya Colina-Matiz
- Unidad de Investigación Científica. Hospital Militar Central, Tv. 3 # 49-02, Bogotá, Colombia
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Bauer IL. Robots in travel clinics: building on tourism's use of technology and robots for infection control during a pandemic. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 37525269 PMCID: PMC10391865 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The arrival of COVID-19 impacted every aspect of life around the world. The virus, whose spread was facilitated overwhelmingly by people's close contact at home and by travelling, devastated the tourism, hospitality, and transportation industry. Economic survival depended largely on demonstrating to authorities and potential travellers the strict adherence to infection control measures. Fortunately, long before the pandemic, the industry had already employed digital technology, artificial intelligence, and service robots, not to keep the world safe, but to either bridge staff shortages or save costs, reduce waiting times, streamline administration, complete unattractive, tedious, or physical tasks, or use technology as marketing gimmicks. With COVID-19, offering social distancing and touchless service was an easy step by extending quickly what was already there. The question arose: could travellers' acceptance of technology and robots for infection control be useful in travel medicine? COVID-19 fostered the rapid and increased acceptance of touchless technology relating to all things travel. The public's expectations regarding hygiene, health and safety, and risk of infection have changed and may stay with us long after the pandemic is 'the new normal', or a new one approaches. This insight, combined with the current experience with robots in health and medicine, is useful in exploring how robots could assist travel medicine practice. However, several aspects need to be considered in terms of type of robot, tasks required, and the public's positive or negative attitudes towards robots to avoid known pitfalls. To meet the crucial infection control measures of social distancing and touch avoidance, the use of robots in travel medicine may not only be readily accepted but expected, and implications for management, practice, and research need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard L Bauer
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Academy - Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Tanaka K, Hayakawa M, Noda C, Nakamura A, Akiyama C. Effects of artificial intelligence aibo intervention on alleviating distress and fear in children. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:87. [PMID: 36424648 PMCID: PMC9685979 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procedures and actions such as injections and immobilization cause distress to children. In the pediatric field, there is a need for interventions and support to alleviate the pain and distress caused by such medical procedures. In recent years, the introduction of robots as a means of distraction has begun to be attempted. METHODS In this study, we conducted a non-randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of intervention using 'aibo', a dog-like robot which has artificial intelligence (AI), to promote distraction in children after vaccination. Children between the ages of 3 and 12 years old eligible for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and their caregivers were assigned to intervention group or control group. Then, children evaluated their pain and children's behavior were observed by observer. The mean values of Faces pain rating scale scores and observer pain scale scores were compared between groups using an unpaired t-test. RESULTS Fifty-seven children (32 in the intervention group) participated in the study. Results of a t-test with the control group showed that the intervention group using aibo had significantly less pain following the post-vaccination intervention than the control group using stuffed dog (Face Scale, t(55) = 2.582, p = .0125; Behavioral Observation Scale, t(55) = 2.772, p = .00759). The results support the hypothesis that the aibo intervention group will be less distressed and able to calm down more quickly after vaccination than the control group. CONCLUSION Interactive communicative play intervention by an artificially intelligent aibo before and after painful and frightening medical procedures may alleviate fear and anxiety and prevent medical trauma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tanaka
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya- Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Maoko Hayakawa
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.412314.10000 0001 2192 178XOchanomizu University Human Developmental Sciences, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Noda
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Pediatrics Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Akiyama
- Clinic for Children, Akiyama Kodomo Clinic, Mitaka, Tokyo Japan
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Triantafyllidis A, Alexiadis A, Elmas D, Gerovasilis G, Votis K, Tzovaras D. A social robot-based platform for health behavior change toward prevention of childhood obesity. UNIVERSAL ACCESS IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2022; 22:1-11. [PMID: 36211232 PMCID: PMC9526206 DOI: 10.1007/s10209-022-00922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge which is linked with the occurrence of diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced changes to the lifestyle behaviors of children, thereby making the risk of developing obesity even greater. Novel preventive tools and approaches are required to fight childhood obesity. We present a social robot-based platform which utilizes an interactive motivational strategy in communication with children, collects self-reports through the touch of tangible objects, and processes behavioral data, aiming to: (a) screen and assess the behaviors of children in the dimensions of physical activity, diet, and education, and (b) recommend individualized goals for health behavior change. The platform was integrated through a microservice architecture within a multi-component system targeting childhood obesity prevention. The platform was evaluated in an experimental study with 30 children aged 9-12 years in a real-life school setting, showing children's acceptance to use it, and an 80% success rate in achieving weekly personal health goals recommended by the social robot-based platform. The results provide preliminary evidence on the implementation feasibility and potential of the social robot-based platform toward the betterment of children's health behaviors in the context of childhood obesity prevention. Further rigorous longer-term studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Triantafyllidis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Alexiadis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Elmas
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Georgios Gerovasilis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Votis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloníki, Greece
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Geva N, Hermoni N, Levy-Tzedek S. Interaction Matters: The Effect of Touching the Social Robot PARO on Pain and Stress is Stronger When Turned ON vs. OFF. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:926185. [PMID: 35875704 PMCID: PMC9305613 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.926185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social touch between humans, as well as between humans and animals, was previously found to reduce pain and stress. We previously reported that touching a social robot can also induce a reduction in pain ratings. However, it is unclear if the effect that touching a robot has on pain perception is due to its appearance and its pleasant touch, or due to its ability to socially interact with humans. In the current experiment, we aimed to assess the contribution of the interactive quality to pain perception. We assessed the effect of touching the social robot PARO on mild and strong pain ratings and on stress perception, on a total of 60 healthy young participants. The robot either interacted with participants (ON group, n = 30) or was turned off (OFF group, n = 30). Touching the robot induced a decrease in mild pain ratings (compared to baseline) only in the ON group while strong pain ratings decreased similarly in both the ON and the OFF groups. The decrease in mild pain ratings in the ON group was significantly greater in participants with a higher positive perception of the interaction with PARO. We conclude that part of the effect that touching the robot has on pain stems from its interactive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Geva
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Hermoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shelly Levy-Tzedek
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shelly Levy-Tzedek,
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The pilot study of group robot intervention on pediatric inpatients and their caregivers, using 'new aibo'. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1055-1061. [PMID: 34716798 PMCID: PMC8897326 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study on robot-assisted therapy in a pediatric field has not been applied sufficiently in clinical settings. The purpose of this pilot study is to explore the potential therapeutic effects of a group robot intervention (GRI), using dog-like social robot (SR) 'aibo' in pediatric ward. GRI by aibo was conducted for those children with chronic illness (127 in total) who are hospitalized in National Centre for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), and their caregivers (116 in total), from March to April 2018. The observer made structured behavioural observation records, based on which qualitative research on the features of their words and conducts, were carried out. As a result, first, during the GRI, about 2/3 of total expression by children were positive, while about 1/4 were negative or inappropriate. On the other hand, as seen in the 'change' group, those children who had originally responded with negative expression eventually came to express positive expression, while getting involved in a ternary relationship or participating in a session more than once. Secondly, as for the expression from the caregivers during the GRI, active expressions such as 'participation' and 'exploration' accounted for the 2/3, while 1/3 turned out to be rather placid expressions such as 'watch over' or 'encourage.'Conclusion: There has not been any precedent study on the features of words and conducts expressed by patients and their caregivers during the GRI by aibo. The outcome suggests that aibo could possibly be used as a tool for group robot-assisted therapy in the pediatric treatment setting. What is Known: • The study on robot-assisted therapy in a pediatric field has only just begun. • Though many kinds of social robot have been reportedly used so far, none has yet to be applied in clinical settings What is New: • Our study revealed the features of words and behaviour expressed by the patients and their caregivers, when dog-like social robot 'aibo' was used for a group robot intervention in the pediatric ward. • The outcome suggests that aibo could possibly be used as a tool for group robot-assisted therapy in the pediatric treatment setting.
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Abstract
Technological advances in robotics over the last 20 years have allowed us to explore the use of robots in different healthcare contexts, in which robots can be deployed as tools for intervention and rehabilitation programs. This chapter intends to analyze, in a lifespan perspective (childhood, adulthood, and elderly age), the potentialities that the use of robots can offer in clinical practices without neglecting the robot's technical constraints and the methodological limitations of the studies. We will provide suggestions for future research and indications for the clinical application of robots according to the different pathologies and ages.
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Rossi S, Santini SJ, Di Genova D, Maggi G, Verrotti A, Farello G, Romualdi R, Alisi A, Tozzi AE, Balsano C. Using social robot NAO for emotional support to children at a paediatric emergency department: a randomised clinical trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 24:e29656. [PMID: 34854814 PMCID: PMC8796042 DOI: 10.2196/29656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social robots (SRs) have been used for improving anxiety in children in stressful clinical situations, such as during painful procedures. However, no studies have yet been performed to assess their effect in children while waiting for emergency room consultations. Objective This study aims to assess the impact of SRs on managing stress in children waiting for an emergency room procedure through the assessment of salivary cortisol levels. Methods This was an open randomized clinical trial in children attending a pediatric emergency department. Children accessing the emergency room were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: (1) playing with a NAO SR, (2) playing with a study nurse, or (3) waiting with parents. The salivary cortisol levels of all children were measured through a swab. Salivary cortisol levels before and after the intervention were compared in the 3 groups. We calculated the effect size of our interventions through the Cohen d-based effect size correlation (r). Results A total of 109 children aged 3-10 years were enrolled in the study, and 94 (86.2%) had complete data for the analyses. Salivary cortisol levels significantly decreased more in the group exposed to robot interaction than in the other two groups (r=0.75). Cortisol levels decreased more in girls (r=0.92) than in boys (r=0.57). Conclusions SRs are efficacious in decreasing stress in children accessing the emergency room and may be considered a tool for improving emotional perceptions of children and their families in such a critical setting. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04627909; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04627909
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rossi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II-Naples, Naples, IT
| | - Silvano Junior Santini
- Department of life, health & Environmental sciences- MESVA-School of Emergency and Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, via spennati L'aquila 67100, L'Aquila, IT
| | - Daniela Di Genova
- Department of life, health & Environmental sciences- MESVA-School of Emergency and Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, via spennati L'aquila 67100, L'Aquila, IT
| | - Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, IT
| | | | | | - Roberta Romualdi
- Department of life, health & Environmental sciences- MESVA-School of Emergency and Urgency, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, IT
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, IT
| | | | - Clara Balsano
- Department of life, health & Environmental sciences- MESVA-School of Emergency and Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, via spennati L'aquila 67100, L'Aquila, IT
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Littler BKM, Alessa T, Dimitri P, Smith C, de Witte L. Reducing negative emotions in children using social robots: systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:1095-1101. [PMID: 33685936 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many children, visiting the hospital can lead to a state of increased anxiety. Social robots are being explored as a possible tool to reduce anxiety and distress in children attending a clinical or hospital environment. Social robots are designed to communicate and interact through movement, music and speech. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims at assessing the current evidence on the types of social robots used and their impact on children's anxiety or distress levels when visiting the hospital for outpatient appointments or planned admissions. METHODS Databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Google Scholar were queried for papers published between January 2009 and August 2020 reporting the use of social robots interacting with children in hospital or clinical environments. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were located and included. Across these 10 studies, 7 different types of robots were used. Anxiety and distress were found to be reduced in the children who interacted with a social robot. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the evidence suggests that social robots hold a promising role in reducing levels of anxiety or distress in children visiting the hospital. However, research on social robots is at an early stage and requires further studies to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kimbembi Maleco Littler
- The School of Health and Related Research, Centre for Assistive Technology and Connected Healthcare (C.A.T.C.H), The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tourkiah Alessa
- The School of Health and Related Research, Centre for Assistive Technology and Connected Healthcare (C.A.T.C.H), The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, Sheffield, UK.,Biomedical Technology Department, King Saud University College of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Dimitri
- NIHR Children and Young People MedTech Cooperative, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christine Smith
- College of Health, Wellbeing & Lifesciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Luc de Witte
- The School of Health and Related Research, Centre for Assistive Technology and Connected Healthcare (C.A.T.C.H), The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, Sheffield, UK
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Beran TN, Pearson JR, Lashewicz B. Implementation of a Humanoid Robot as an Innovative Approach to Child Life Interventions in a Children's Hospital: Lofty Goal or Tangible Reality? Front Psychol 2021; 12:639394. [PMID: 33953689 PMCID: PMC8091916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.639394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study reports the findings on how Child life specialists (CLSs) implemented an innovative approach to providing therapeutic support to pediatric patients. Methods Part of a larger study that uncovered themes about CLSs’ experiences while working with MEDi®, this study reports the reflections that CLSs have about the process of implementation. Seven CLSs participated in semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was conducted on interview data and three themes were generated. Results The first was in regards to the adoption process whereby CLS challenges, successes, and surprises were revealed. Second, CLSs explained how using MEDi® aligned with the roles and responsibilities of their profession. The third area of understanding was in CLS explanation of the friendly emotional impact MEDi® seems to have on the hospital environment. Conclusion Child life specialists are encouraged to use the MEDi® robot to support children at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Beran
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Bonnie Lashewicz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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12
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Buchanan C, Howitt ML, Wilson R, Booth RG, Risling T, Bamford M. Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on the Domains of Nursing: Scoping Review. JMIR Nurs 2020; 3:e23939. [PMID: 34406963 PMCID: PMC8373374 DOI: 10.2196/23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform the health system, yet little research to date has explored its influence on nurses-the largest group of health professionals. Furthermore, there has been little discussion on how AI will influence the experience of person-centered compassionate care for patients, families, and caregivers. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the extant literature on the emerging trends in health technologies powered by AI and their implications on the following domains of nursing: administration, clinical practice, policy, and research. This review summarizes the findings from 3 research questions, examining how these emerging trends might influence the roles and functions of nurses and compassionate nursing care over the next 10 years and beyond. METHODS Using an established scoping review methodology, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, Education Resources Information Center, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched. In addition to the electronic database searches, a targeted website search was performed to access relevant gray literature. Abstracts and full-text studies were independently screened by 2 reviewers using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles focused on nursing and digital health technologies that incorporate AI. Data were charted using structured forms and narratively summarized. RESULTS A total of 131 articles were retrieved from the scoping review for the 3 research questions that were the focus of this manuscript (118 from database sources and 13 from targeted websites). Emerging AI technologies discussed in the review included predictive analytics, smart homes, virtual health care assistants, and robots. The results indicated that AI has already begun to influence nursing roles, workflows, and the nurse-patient relationship. In general, robots are not viewed as replacements for nurses. There is a consensus that health technologies powered by AI may have the potential to enhance nursing practice. Consequently, nurses must proactively define how person-centered compassionate care will be preserved in the age of AI. CONCLUSIONS Nurses have a shared responsibility to influence decisions related to the integration of AI into the health system and to ensure that this change is introduced in a way that is ethical and aligns with core nursing values such as compassionate care. Furthermore, nurses must advocate for patient and nursing involvement in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of these technologies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/17490.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rita Wilson
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard G Booth
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tracie Risling
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Megan Bamford
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Beran T, Pearson JR, Lashewicz B, Baggott S. Perspectives of Child Life Specialists After Many Years of Working With a Humanoid Robot in a Pediatric Hospital: Narrative Design. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e23496. [PMID: 33211014 PMCID: PMC7714644 DOI: 10.2196/23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child life specialists (CLSs) play an important role in supporting patients and their families during their visits to a children’s hospital. Although CLSs are equipped with considerable expertise to support families during some of the most difficult moments of their lives, we introduced an additional resource to them in the form of a humanoid robot named MEDi. Objective The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of CLSs using a robot to support children. Methods We interviewed 7 CLSs who had worked with this robot for several years. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using open and axial coding. Results The first main theme that emerged was the process of navigating from fear to friendship in learning to use a humanoid robot for therapeutic support. The second major theme was MEDi as a source of connection and support to children. CLSs’ perceptions of MEDi as an adaptable resource and working with the limits of MEDi constituted the last 2 themes. Conclusions These descriptions show how CLSs can incorporate a robot into their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Beran
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Henkel AP, Čaić M, Blaurock M, Okan M. Robotic transformative service research: deploying social robots for consumer well-being during COVID-19 and beyond. JOURNAL OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/josm-05-2020-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeBesides the direct physical health consequences, through social isolation COVID-19 affects a considerably larger share of consumers with deleterious effects for their psychological well-being. Two vulnerable consumer groups are particularly affected: older adults and children. The purpose of the underlying paper is to take a transformative research perspective on how social robots can be deployed for advancing the well-being of these vulnerable consumers and to spur robotic transformative service research (RTSR).Design/methodology/approachThis paper follows a conceptual approach that integrates findings from various domains: service research, social robotics, social psychology and medicine.FindingsTwo key findings advanced in this paper are (1) a typology of robotic transformative service (i.e. entertainer, social enabler, mentor and friend) as a function of consumers' state of social isolation, well-being focus and robot capabilities and (2) a future research agenda for RTSR.Practical implicationsThis paper guides service consumers and providers and robot developers in identifying and developing the most appropriate social robot type for advancing the well-being of vulnerable consumers in social isolation.Originality/valueThis study is the first to integrate social robotics and transformative service research by developing a typology of social robots as a guiding framework for assessing the status quo of transformative robotic service on the basis of which it advances a future research agenda for RTSR. It further complements the underdeveloped body of service research with a focus on eudaimonic consumer well-being.
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15
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Kasimoglu Y, Kocaaydin S, Karsli E, Esen M, Bektas I, Ince G, Tuna EB. Robotic approach to the reduction of dental anxiety in children. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:474-480. [PMID: 32730719 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We introduced a humanoid robot for the use of techno-psychological distraction techniques in children aged 4-10 to reduce their anxiety and improve their behaviour during dental treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred children (98 boys, 102 girls; mean age: 6.5 ± 1.66 years) appointed for first time for dental caries were included and randomly divided into two groups [N = 100 for each group; RG: Robot Group (accompanied by the robot), CG: Control Group (without robot accompaniment)]. Half of the children were treated under local anaesthesia (infiltration anaesthesia) (n = 50 within each group) and half of the children were treated without any local anaesthesia (n = 50 within each group) within each group. The success rate of the new robotic distraction technique was evaluated by using Parental Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, Facial Image Scale (FIS), physiological pulse rate and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS). RESULT Pulse rates, which measured during treatment and after treatment, were statistically higher in CG than in RG (p < .05). After dental treatment, the FIS score was significantly higher in CG than RG (p < .05). 88.3% of the children in RG stated that they wanted the robot to be with them at the next treatment session. CONCLUSIONS Robotic technology can successfully help in coping with dental anxiety and stress, and helps children to behave better in dental office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simin Kocaaydin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Karsli
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Esen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irmak Bektas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Ince
- Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Tuna
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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17
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Geva N, Uzefovsky F, Levy-Tzedek S. Touching the social robot PARO reduces pain perception and salivary oxytocin levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9814. [PMID: 32555432 PMCID: PMC7299999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-human social touch improves mood and alleviates pain. No studies have so far tested the effect of human-robot emotional touch on experimentally induced pain ratings, on mood and on oxytocin levels in healthy young adults. Here, we assessed the effect of touching the robot PARO on pain perception, on mood and on salivary oxytocin levels, in 83 young adults. We measured their perceived pain, happiness state, and salivary oxytocin. For the 63 participants in the PARO group, pain was assessed in three conditions: Baseline, Touch (touching PARO) and No-Touch (PARO present). The control group (20 participants) underwent the same measurements without ever encountering PARO. There was a decrease in pain ratings and in oxytocin levels and an increase in happiness ratings compared to baseline only in the PARO group. The Touch condition yielded a larger decrease in pain ratings compared to No-Touch. These effects correlated with the participants' positive perceptions of the interaction with PARO. Participants with higher perceived ability to communicate with PARO experienced a greater hypoalgesic effect when touching PARO. We show that human-robot social touch is effective in reducing pain ratings, improving mood and - surprisingly - reducing salivary oxytocin levels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Geva
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Florina Uzefovsky
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shelly Levy-Tzedek
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Gates M, Hartling L, Shulhan-Kilroy J, MacGregor T, Guitard S, Wingert A, Featherstone R, Vandermeer B, Poonai N, Kircher J, Perry S, Graham TAD, Scott SD, Ali S. Digital Technology Distraction for Acute Pain in Children: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1139. [PMID: 31969473 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Digital distraction is being integrated into pediatric pain care, but its efficacy is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of digital technology distraction on pain and distress in children experiencing acutely painful conditions or procedures. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, Ei Compendex, Web of Science, and gray literature sources. STUDY SELECTION Quantitative studies of digital technology distraction for acutely painful conditions or procedures in children. DATA EXTRACTION Performed by 1 reviewer with verification. Outcomes were child pain and distress. RESULTS There were 106 studies (n = 7820) that reported on digital technology distractors (eg, virtual reality and video games) used during common procedures (eg, venipuncture, dental, and burn treatments). No studies reported on painful conditions. For painful procedures, digital distraction resulted in a modest but clinically important reduction in self-reported pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.66 to -0.29; 46 randomized controlled trials [RCTs]; n = 3200), observer-reported pain (SMD -0.68; 95% CI -0.91 to -0.45; 17 RCTs; n = 1199), behavioral pain (SMD -0.57; 95% CI -0.94 to -0.19; 19 RCTs; n = 1173), self-reported distress (SMD -0.49; 95% CI -0.70 to -0.27; 19 RCTs; n = 1818), observer-reported distress (SMD -0.47; 95% CI -0.77 to -0.17; 10 RCTs; n = 826), and behavioral distress (SMD -0.35; 95% CI -0.59 to -0.12; 17 RCTs; n = 1264) compared with usual care. LIMITATIONS Few studies directly compared different distractors or provided subgroup data to inform applicability. CONCLUSIONS Digital distraction provides modest pain and distress reduction for children undergoing painful procedures; its superiority over nondigital distractors is not established. Context, preferences, and availability should inform the choice of distractor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gates
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics and .,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | | | - Tara MacGregor
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | - Samantha Guitard
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | - Aireen Wingert
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | - Robin Featherstone
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | - Ben Vandermeer
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, and
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Schulieh School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Janeva Kircher
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Shirley Perry
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Albert, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Timothy A D Graham
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry.,Alberta Health Services Edmonton Zone, Edmonton, Canada; and
| | | | - Samina Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Albert, Edmonton, Canada
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19
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Emotional and Behavioural Distraction by a Social Robot for Children Anxiety Reduction During Vaccination. Int J Soc Robot 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Miller TP, Klosky JL, Zamora F, Swift M, Mertens AC. Feasibility and acceptability of an animatronic duck intervention for promoting adaptation to the in-patient setting among pediatric patients receiving treatment for cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27984. [PMID: 31486586 PMCID: PMC6938026 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cancer treatment, children undergo potentially stressful hospitalizations and procedures. Animatronic devices are a promising means of distraction intervention. This study aimed to assess acceptability and feasibility of the My Special Aflac Duck® (MSAD) intervention among pediatric oncology patients and parents. We hypothesized that MSAD would be feasible to implement, have greater than 50% acceptance, and be useful distraction. PROCEDURES This feasibility study enrolled oncology patients aged 3-11 years admitted to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta between May and August 2018. Patients were exposed to MSAD for 3 days and completed quantitative and qualitative assessments of acceptability. Patient and hospital data were abstracted. RESULTS Seventeen (80.9%) of 21 eligible patients enrolled; 64.7% were <7 years, 47% were female, 52.9% had leukemia, 41.2% had solid tumors, and 5.9% had brain tumors. Patients had 1-12 previous admissions (mean 4.8, SD 3.1) and approximately 65% were planned hospitalizations. Approximately 69% reported MSAD helped reduce in-patient distress and 93.7% were satisfied with MSAD overall. Child satisfaction was high. There were no significant differences in acceptability or satisfaction with MSAD based on age, gender, number of inpatient procedures or previous hospitalizations, or hospitalization reason. Qualitative interviews revealed patients liked expressing feelings with tokens and thought MSAD was a fun distraction. CONCLUSIONS MSAD implementation was feasible, and its acceptability was high among both patients and parents. MSAD shows potential as good distraction and an alternative means of communicating feelings. Future research should expand upon the effectiveness of MSAD on reducing distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P. Miller
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James L. Klosky
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fernanda Zamora
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megan Swift
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ann C. Mertens
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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21
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Moerman CJ, van der Heide L, Heerink M. Social robots to support children's well-being under medical treatment: A systematic state-of-the-art review. J Child Health Care 2019; 23:596-612. [PMID: 30394806 DOI: 10.1177/1367493518803031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hospitalization is a stressful experience for children. Socially assistive robots (SARs), designed to interact with humans, might be a means to mitigate a child's stress and support its well-being. A systematic state-of-the-art review was performed to inventorize the use of SARs in hospital to support children's well-being and what the effects are. We searched five databases (Cinahl, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, IEEE), combining terms for 'distress', 'relaxation' and 'well-being' with terms for social robot and child, and did an additional hand search. Ten publications (on eight studies) out of 563 unique titles were considered relevant. Six different robots were used (one humanoid, five pet-like) for distraction during medical procedure, emotional support for dealing with a disease or support of well-being during hospital stay. Positive effects on the children were noted, such as experiencing distraction and engagement, and less stress or pain, more relaxation, smiling and openness or better communication. On a psychiatric ward some youngsters felt unsafe with the robot. The outcomes suggest that SARs may have a potentially positive influence on a child's well-being. Further research is needed to determine the effect of using SARs and how to integrate the use in the working routines of health personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara J Moerman
- Robotics Research Group, Windesheim University for Applied Sciences, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Loek van der Heide
- Research Center for Technology in Care, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Heerink
- Robotics Research Group, Windesheim University for Applied Sciences, Almere, The Netherlands
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22
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Trost MJ, Ford AR, Kysh L, Gold JI, Matarić M. Socially Assistive Robots for Helping Pediatric Distress and Pain: A Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research and Practice. Clin J Pain 2019; 35:451-458. [PMID: 30951515 PMCID: PMC6527453 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interacting with socially assistive robots (SAR) has been shown to influence human behaviors and emotions. This study sought to review the literature on SAR intervention for reducing pediatric distress and pain in medical settings. METHODS Databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, Engineering Village, Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore) were searched from database inception to January 2018 with the aid of a medical librarian. Included studies examined any SAR intervention for reducing pain or improving emotional well-being in children related to physical or psychiatric care, with outcomes assessed by some quantitative measure. Study quality was assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist (max. score, 28). The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016043018). RESULTS Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and represented 206 children. Of the 2 studies using Wong-Baker's FACES scale, 1 study claimed to be effective at reducing pain (Cohen d=0.49 to 0.62), while the other appeared effective only when parents and child interacted with SAR together. Distress was evaluated using validated measures in 4 studies, 3 of which showed reduction in distress while one showed no difference. Satisfaction surveys from 4 studies showed that children were interested in using SAR again. Quality scores ranged from 8 to 26. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence suggesting that SAR interventions may reduce distress and no clear evidence showing reduction in pain for children in medical settings. Engineers are conducting interventions using SAR in pediatric populations. Health care providers should be engaged in technology research related to children to facilitate testing and improve the effectiveness of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Trost
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Adam R Ford
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Lynn Kysh
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Jeffrey I Gold
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Maja Matarić
- University of Southern California, Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, CA
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23
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Maalouf N, Sidaoui A, Elhajj IH, Asmar D. Robotics in Nursing: A Scoping Review. J Nurs Scholarsh 2018; 50:590-600. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Maalouf
- PhD CandidateElectrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Abbas Sidaoui
- PhD StudentElectrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Imad H. Elhajj
- ProfessorElectrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Daniel Asmar
- ProfessorMechanical Engineering DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
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24
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Kupferberg A, Iacoboni M, Flanagin V, Huber M, Kasparbauer A, Baumgartner T, Hasler G, Schmidt F, Borst C, Glasauer S. Fronto-parietal coding of goal-directed actions performed by artificial agents. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1145-1162. [PMID: 29205671 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in technology, artificial agents such as humanoid robots will soon become a part of our daily lives. For safe and intuitive collaboration, it is important to understand the goals behind their motor actions. In humans, this process is mediated by changes in activity in fronto-parietal brain areas. The extent to which these areas are activated when observing artificial agents indicates the naturalness and easiness of interaction. Previous studies indicated that fronto-parietal activity does not depend on whether the agent is human or artificial. However, it is unknown whether this activity is modulated by observing grasping (self-related action) and pointing actions (other-related action) performed by an artificial agent depending on the action goal. Therefore, we designed an experiment in which subjects observed human and artificial agents perform pointing and grasping actions aimed at two different object categories suggesting different goals. We found a signal increase in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule and the premotor cortex when tool versus food items were pointed to or grasped by both agents, probably reflecting the association of hand actions with the functional use of tools. Our results show that goal attribution engages the fronto-parietal network not only for observing a human but also a robotic agent for both self-related and social actions. The debriefing after the experiment has shown that actions of human-like artificial agents can be perceived as being goal-directed. Therefore, humans will be able to interact with service robots intuitively in various domains such as education, healthcare, public service, and entertainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kupferberg
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Virginia Flanagin
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany.,Center for Sensorimotor Research, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, München, Germany
| | - Markus Huber
- Center for Sensorimotor Research, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, München, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmidt
- Department of Robotics, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christoph Borst
- Department of Robotics, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stefan Glasauer
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany.,Center for Sensorimotor Research, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, München, Germany
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