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Walters GD. Can a Pessimistic Outlook Moderate the Victimization-Delinquency Relationship? VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:556-572. [PMID: 37380344 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to shed light on the relationship between victimization and offending, a pattern commonly known as the victim-offender overlap, by exploring whether victimization and pessimism toward the future interact in association with self-reported delinquency. This study was performed on 1,300 (444 males, 645 females, and 211 sex not identified) members of the 2018 High School Senior Monitoring the Future cross-sectional study. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using a maximum likelihood estimator and bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. The analysis revealed that victimization and the victimization × pessimism interaction correlated significantly with delinquency, after controlling for a series of demographic, family, and peer factors. These results indicate that pessimism toward the future may exacerbate the already strong relationship known to exist between victimization and delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, PA, USA
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2
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Cobb CL, Martínez CR. Correlates of Alcohol Use Likelihood for Latino Immigrant Youth in an Emerging Context. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:302-317. [PMID: 36177803 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a three-wave prospective longitudinal design spanning 3 years, we assessed alcohol use likelihood trajectories and their correlates among a community sample of Latino immigrant adolescents in the emerging immigrant context of Western Oregon. Results from growth mixture modeling revealed two distinct classes: lower risk youth who reported little likelihood of alcohol use but whose trajectory was increasing, and higher risk youth who reported higher likelihood of alcohol use and whose trajectory was stable. We found significant differences between the two classes such that lower risk youth reported greater levels of Latino cultural orientation and parental monitoring, whereas higher risk youth reported greater levels of family cultural stress and delinquency. Results are discussed in terms of prior research and theory.
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Shek DTL, Leung KH, Dou D, Zhu X. Family Functioning and Adolescent Delinquency in Mainland China: Positive Youth Development Attributes as a Mediator. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:883439. [PMID: 35573365 PMCID: PMC9096017 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the positive youth development (PYD) approach, PYD attributes such as psychosocial competencies are developmental assets which can promote the holistic development of adolescents, such as increase in thriving and decrease in risk behavior. Although there are research findings supporting this theoretical proposition, there are several weaknesses in this literature. These include a lack of studies examining family antecedents of PYD attributes and the mediating role of PYD attributes in the relationship between family functioning and adolescent delinquency. There are also few longitudinal studies utilizing large samples and validated measures of family functioning and PYD attributes in the scientific literature. In this study, we examined the predictive effect of family functioning on adolescent delinquency and the mediating role of PYD attributes. Using a short-term longitudinal study in Sichuan, China, we collected two waves of data from 4,981 adolescents aged 11 and above, with 6 months between the two waves. Analyses using structural equation modeling showed that family functioning at Wave 1 negatively predicted the level of and change in delinquent behavior at Wave 2, with PYD attributes at Wave 2 as a mediating factor. The present study enriches the conceptual framework on the role of family functioning and PYD attributes in adolescent delinquent behavior. The findings also suggest that strengthening family functioning and PYD attributes would protect adolescents from engaging in delinquent acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kim H Leung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diya Dou
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang Z, Li C, Ai K. Family Economic Strain and Adolescent Aggression during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Interparental Conflict and Parent-Child Conflict. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 17:2369-2385. [PMID: 35154505 PMCID: PMC8821868 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the link from family economic strain to adolescent aggression has frequently been hypothesized, the results are mixed. Both interparental conflict and parent-child conflict are considered to be potential mediators of this link. However, the empirical evidence supporting this proposition is lacking. The present study investigated the direct effect of family economic strain on adolescent aggression as well as indirect effects through interparental conflict and parent-child conflict. Based on multi-informant data from 971 families with a child in middle and high schools in Y City, in Shanxi Province, structural equation modeling is conducted to examine the proposed theoretical model. Findings show that family economic strain has no significant direct impact on adolescent aggression. Interparental conflict and parent-child conflict mediate the link between family economic strain and adolescent aggression simultaneously and sequentially. This study expands current literature and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between family economic strain and adolescent aggression. Implications for policies and interventions to reduce the risk of adolescent aggression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Wang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunkai Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Ai
- Faculty of History, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Tolou-Shams M, Folk JB, Marshall BD, Dauria EF, Kemp K, Li Y, Koinis-Mitchell D, Brown LK. Predictors of cannabis use among first-time justice-involved youth: A cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108754. [PMID: 34051549 PMCID: PMC8282753 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Justice-involved youth use cannabis at higher rates than their same-aged peers increasing likelihood of adverse behavioral health consequences and continued legal involvement. This study examined individual level predictors of early onset use cannabis use (<13 years of age) and cannabis use initiation in the 12 months following first court contact. METHODS Participants were 391 first-time justice-involved youth (56.9 % male; Mage = 14.6 years; 32.1 % White, 11.1 % Black, 14.7 % Other/Multi-racial, 42.2 % Latinx) and an involved caregiver (87.2 % female; Mage = 41.0 years). Baseline assessments captured individual level factors; cannabis use was assessed every four months post-baseline for 12 months. Primary analyses involved multivariable modified Poisson regressions and survival analysis. RESULTS In multivariable models, youth who reported lifetime cannabis use (n = 188, 48.1 %) were older, reported alcohol use and positive cannabis use expectancies. Greater self-control and self-concept were associated with lower likelihood of lifetime cannabis use. Youth who initiated cannabis during the 12-month follow-up (n = 30, 14.8 %) tended to be older, White/non-Latinx, and to report more psychiatric symptoms (posttraumatic stress, externalizing, internalizing, and affect dysregulation), delinquent behavior, lower levels of self-control, poorer self-concept, greater drug use intentions and positive cannabis expectancies. In the multivariable survival analysis, affect dysregulation, internalizing symptoms, and more positive cannabis expectancies remained independently and positively associated with cannabis initiation. CONCLUSIONS There is a critical and unique window of opportunity to prevent cannabis use initiation among first-time justice-involved youth. Research is needed to determine whether brief interventions that aim to modify expectancies about cannabis use reduce rates of cannabis initiation in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Johanna B. Folk
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Brandon D.L. Marshall
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Emily F. Dauria
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Yu Li
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Daphne Koinis-Mitchell
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Pediatrics, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Coro West, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903.
| | - Larry K. Brown
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Coro West, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903
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Connolly EJ, Jackson DB, Semenza DC. Quality over quantity? Using sibling comparisons to examine relations between sleep quality, sleep duration, and delinquency. Soc Sci Med 2021; 280:114053. [PMID: 34051556 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A growing body of research suggests that adolescents with problematic sleep patterns are more likely to engage in externalizing and delinquent behaviors. Few studies, however, have examined the role of between- and within-family effects on this association to establish whether poor sleep is related to delinquency after controlling for familial confounding. OBJECTIVE The current study examines the relationship between self-reported restless sleep, sleep duration, and delinquency from ages 16-19 in a population-based sample of U.S. youth. METHODS Data from full siblings from the Children and Young Adult sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) (CNLSY) are analyzed. Negative binomial regression models and sibling comparisons are estimated to assess between- and within-family effects of sleep on delinquency during ages 16-17. Sibling comparison cross-lagged models are then fitted to the data to examine whether sibling differences in sleep are related to sibling differences in changes in delinquency from ages 16-19. RESULTS Siblings with higher levels of self-reported restless sleep were more likely to report higher levels of delinquency at ages 16-17, net of observable covariates and unobservable familial confounders. Sibling differences in restless sleep at ages 16-17 were also associated with increases in delinquency at ages 18-19 after controlling for familial confounding and temporal stability in both sleep and delinquent behavior. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that perhaps sleep quality, rather than sleep duration, should be the primary target for intervention/prevention programming efforts for adolescent delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Connolly
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology Sam Houston State University Huntsville, TX, 77340, USA.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, And Criminal Justice Rutgers University Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
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Quinn KG, Spector A, Takahashi L, Voisin DR. Conceptualizing the Effects of Continuous Traumatic Violence on HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:758-772. [PMID: 32944841 PMCID: PMC7886964 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Antoinette Spector
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health Equity, Milwaukee, USA
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Zhi K, Yang J, Chen Y, Akebaijiang N, Liu M, Yang X, Zhang S. The Relationship Between Future Time Perspective and Psychological Violence Among Chinese College Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:585837. [PMID: 33613378 PMCID: PMC7888300 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.585837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on early experiences and current conditions, a future time perspective influences college students’ behaviors, while psychological violence critically threatens college students’ health. This study explored the relationship between a future time perspective and the psychological violence of perpetrators based on an online investigation of 1424 college students (87.1% women) aged 17 to 31 in China. The results showed that a future time perspective is significantly positively associated with psychological violence. Positive future orientation is negatively associated with psychological violence. Negative and confused future orientations are positively associated with psychological violence. These findings support the need to introduce an intervention regarding a future time perspective to reduce psychological violence among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyun Zhi
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Niyazi Akebaijiang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Aksu Vocational and Technical College, Aksu City, China
| | - Meimei Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shurui Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu X, Shek DTL. Predictive Effect of Positive Youth Development Attributes on Delinquency Among Adolescents in Mainland China. Front Psychol 2020; 11:615900. [PMID: 33381073 PMCID: PMC7768043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.615900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The general proposition of the positive youth development (PYD) approach is that developmental assets such as psychosocial competence can promote healthy adolescent development and reduce problem behavior. Despite that many Western studies have shown that PYD attributes are negatively related to adolescent delinquency, not all empirical findings support the negative associations. Although different dimensions of PYD attributes may bear differential relationships with delinquency, this possibility has not been properly examined so far. In addition, related studies in mainland China do not exist. Finally, the possible mediating role of life satisfaction in linking PYD attributes to delinquency has rarely been studied. To address the research gaps and understand how PYD attributes are associated with adolescent delinquency and the underlying mediating effect of life satisfaction, matched longitudinal data were collected from 2,648 mainland Chinese secondary school students (1,109 girls, Mean age = 13.12 ± 0.81 years at Wave 1) at two waves which were separated by one year. On each occasion, participants completed a questionnaire containing validated measures of PYD attributes, life satisfaction, and delinquency. Congruent with the general theoretical prediction of the PYD approach, different PYD attributes were inversely related to concurrent and future adolescent delinquency in separate regression analyses. In addition, the negative predictions were mediated by life satisfaction. When all PYD attributes were included in a single path analysis model, three findings were observed. First, two PYD dimensions, including self-identity and general PYD attributes, showed robust negative predictions on delinquency via life satisfaction. Second, prosocial attributes displayed a weak and unstable negative predictive effect. Third, cognitive-behavioral competence showed an unexpected positive predictive effect on delinquency directly or via its negative effects on life satisfaction. The present findings add value to the existing literature by revealing the predictive role of PYD attributes on life satisfaction and delinquency among mainland Chinese adolescents. The findings also reinforce the importance of investigating individual dimensions of PYD attributes simultaneously in the research field. The present study suggests that it is promising to cultivate PYD attributes as a strategy to reduce delinquency among adolescents in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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