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Pihlman J, Nuotio J, Rovio S, Pahkala K, Ruohonen S, Jokinen E, Laitinen TP, Burgner DP, Hutri-Kähönen N, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG, Juonala M. Exposure to parental smoking and cardiac structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:15-23. [PMID: 36071613 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between childhood tobacco smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function in midlife is unclear. We investigated the association between parental smoking with cardiac structure and function in adulthood. METHODS 1250 participants (56.5% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had data on parental smoking and/or serum cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, at baseline 1980 (age 3-18 years) and echocardiography performed in 2011. Parental smoking hygiene (i.e., smoking in the vicinity of children) was categorized by parental smoking and serum cotinine levels in offspring. Dimensions of the left ventricle, diastolic and systolic function, and cardiac remodeling were used as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and covariates (blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking (only in adulthood)) in childhood and adulthood. RESULTS Parental smoking was not associated with systolic or diastolic function in adulthood. Participants exposed to parental smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95%CI 1.23-2.92), hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.12-2.71), and non-hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.02-3.45) had higher odds of concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness >85th sex-specific percentile without left ventricular hypertrophy). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for child and adult covariates in the non-hygienic parental smoking group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of concentric remodeling and thicker left ventricular and interventricular septal walls in midlife, which was not improved by parents who smoked hygienically. Parental smoking was not related to systolic or diastolic function in this relatively young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pihlman
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Within-visit SBP variability from childhood to adulthood and markers of cardiovascular end-organ damage in mid-life. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1865-1875. [PMID: 34397629 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within-visit SBP variability is associated with age and SBP, but its long-term clinical significance is unknown. We examined the association between child, adult, and life-time within-visit SBP variability with markers of end-organ damage using data from a 31-year longitudinal study. METHODS Within-visit SBP variability was calculated as the standard deviation of three sitting SBP readings among up to 3010 participants aged 6-18 years (childhood) who were re-measured up to seven times to mid-adulthood. Markers of cardiovascular end-organ damage in adulthood were carotid intima--media thickness, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, carotid distensibility, pulse wave velocity, left ventricular mass index, carotid plaque, and coronary artery calcification. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) cumulative within-visit SBP variability was 2.7 (1.5) mmHg in childhood, 3.9 (1.9) mmHg in adulthood and 3.7 (1.5) mmHg across the observed life-time. Childhood within-visit SBP variability was not correlated with its subsequent values measured from 3 to 31 years later. With adjustment for age, sex, cumulative SBP, BMI and serum lipids, neither child, adult, or life-time cumulative within-visit SBP variability associated with markers of cardiovascular end-organ damage. However, higher child, adult, and life-time cumulative SBP significantly associated with higher carotid intima--media thickness, higher pulse wave velocity, lower brachial flow-mediated dilatation, lower carotid distensibility in adulthood. CONCLUSION Within-visit SBP variability from childhood to adulthood does not provide additional predictive utility over SBP over the same period of the life course.
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Nuotio J, Vähämurto L, Pahkala K, Magnussen CG, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Laitinen T, Taittonen L, Tossavainen P, Lehtimäki T, Jokinen E, Viikari JSA, Raitakari O, Juonala M. CVD risk factors and surrogate markers - Urban-rural differences. Scand J Public Health 2019; 48:752-761. [PMID: 31464561 DOI: 10.1177/1403494819869816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Disparity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and risk factor levels between urban and rural regions has been confirmed worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine how living in different community types (urban-rural) in childhood and adulthood are related to cardiovascular risk factors and surrogate markers of CVD such as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and left ventricular mass (LVM). Methods: The study population comprised 2903 participants (54.1% female, mean age 10.5 years in 1980) of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had been clinically examined in 1980 (age 3-18 years) and had participated in at least one adult follow-up (2001-2011). Results: In adulthood, urban residents had lower systolic blood pressure (-1 mmHg), LDL-cholesterol (-0.05 mmol/l), lower body mass index (-1.0 kg/m2) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (-0.05 mmol/mol), and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (19.9 v. 23.7%) than their rural counterparts. In addition, participants continuously living in urban areas had significantly lower IMT (-0.01 mm), LVM (1.59 g/m2.7) and pulse wave velocity (-0.22 m/s) and higher carotid artery compliance (0.07%/10 mmHg) compared to persistently rural residents. The differences in surrogate markers of CVD were only partially attenuated when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: Participants living in urban communities had a more favourable cardiovascular risk factor profile than rural residents. Furthermore, participants continuously living in urban areas had less subclinical markers related to CVD compared with participants living in rural areas. Urban-rural differences in cardiovascular health might provide important opportunities for optimizing prevention by targeting areas of highest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Vähämurto
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre-Tampere, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Olli Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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