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Kitema GF, Laidlaw A, O'Carroll V, Sagahutu JB, Blaikie A. The status and outcomes of interprofessional health education in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. J Interprof Care 2024; 38:133-155. [PMID: 36739570 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2023.2168631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing burden of chronic diseases, and shortage of health care workers especially in Low and Middle Income countries (LMICs) requires greater collaborative working between health professions. There is a growing body of evidence that interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional continuous education (IPCE) can improve collaborative practice thus strengthening health care delivery in low resource settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes this educational strategy in these regions as part of wider programs to improve health care. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize IPE and IPCE activities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its outcomes; including practice, service and patient outcomes. Standard guidelines for conducting and reporting systematic reviews were followed. The online databases searched included MEDLINE, Embase, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Science Direct. The Kirkpatrick model was used to classify IPE outcomes reported from literature. Following full text screening, 41 articles were selected for data extraction. It was found that IPE/IPCE is still a relatively new concept in SSA with 93% of studies published after 2012. Furthermore, IPE is concentrated predominantly in undergraduate institutions and mainly implemented to improve collaborative practice and address important public health concerns. Positive reaction and outcomes of IPE/IPCE were reported in terms of change of attitude and perception toward collaborative practice as well as knowledge and skills acquisition. Few studies in SSA sought to understand and measure the outcomes of IPE/IPCE relating to health care practice. More work in this important potential outcome of IPE/IPCE is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Laidlaw
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Jean Baptiste Sagahutu
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Andrew Blaikie
- School of Medicine, University of St-Andrews, Scotland, UK
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Monroe-Wise A, Mashalla Y, O’Malley G, Nathanson N, Seloilwe E, Gachuno O, Odero T, Nakanjako D, Sewankambo N, Tarimo E, Urassa D, Manabe YC, Chapman S, Voss JG, Wasserheit J, Farquhar C. Training tomorrow's leaders in global health: impact of the Afya Bora Consortium Fellowship on the careers of its alumni. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 16:241. [PMID: 27643589 PMCID: PMC5028919 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective leadership is a cornerstone of successful healthcare delivery in resource limited settings throughout the world. However, few programs in Africa prepare healthcare professionals with the leadership skills vital to the success of the healthcare systems in which they work. One such program, the Afya Bora Consortium Fellowship in Global Health Leadership, has been training health professionals since 2011. The purpose of this study was to assess what career changes, if any, the Afya Bora Fellowship's alumni have experienced since completing the fellowship, and to describe those changes. METHODS The Afya Bora Fellowship is a multidisciplinary, one-year training program that teaches health professionals leadership skills through didactic and experiential learning in four African countries. Between January 2011 and June 2013 the consortium trained 42 nurses and doctors. In November 2013, an electronic survey was sent to all alumni to assess their performance in the workplace post-fellowship. RESULTS Thirty-one (74 %) of 42 alumni completed surveys. Twenty-one (68 %) reported changes to their position at work; of those, sixteen (76 %) believed the change was due to participation in the fellowship. All alumni reported improved performance at work, and cited the application of a wide range of fellowship skills, including leadership, research, communication, and mentoring. Twenty-six (84 %) alumni spearheaded improvements in their workplaces and almost all (97 %) remained in contact with colleagues from the fellowship. Among the respondents there were five publications, nine manuscripts in preparation, and three international conference presentations. CONCLUSIONS Afya Bora alumni overwhelmingly reported that the one year fellowship positively influenced both their work and career trajectory. Training health professionals in leadership skills through didactic modules with the opportunity to apply learned skills at attachment sites in the Afya Bora Fellowship has an impact on performance in the workplace and the potential to improve long-term institutional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Monroe-Wise
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104-2499 USA
| | - Yohana Mashalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Neal Nathanson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Esther Seloilwe
- School of Nursing, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Onesmus Gachuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Theresa Odero
- School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Edith Tarimo
- Department of Nursing Management, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David Urassa
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yukari C. Manabe
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Susan Chapman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joachim G. Voss
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Judith Wasserheit
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104-2499 USA
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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