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Abramyan J, Geetha-Loganathan P, Šulcová M, Buchtová M. Role of Cell Death in Cellular Processes During Odontogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671475. [PMID: 34222243 PMCID: PMC8250436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. We also review apoptosis-associated molecular signaling during tooth development, including its relationship with the autophagic pathway. Lastly, we cover apoptotic pathway disruption, and alterations in apoptotic cell distribution in transgenic mouse models. These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abramyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | | | - Marie Šulcová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Crossbred Beef Cattle Due to a Large Deletion in EDA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030657. [PMID: 33801223 PMCID: PMC7999020 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ectodermal dysplasias such as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), are genetic conditions affecting the development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectodermal derivatives, including hair, teeth, nails, and eccrine glands. In particular, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in humans is characterized by a triad of signs comprising sparse hair, abnormal teeth, and anhidrosis or hypohidrosis. It has been reported in cattle, dogs, mice and rats. Until now, eight pathogenic variants in the bovine ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene causing ECTD1-like disorders have been found. Herein, five affected Red Angus-Simmental bull calves born over a 6-year period (2013–2019) in a single herd in the Western United States are reported showing an ECTD1-like syndrome. Calves were born with severe hypotrichosis and oligodontia. At age 1-week-old two calves died of severe pneumonia. Microscopic findings of the skin revealed small-caliber hair follicles with a mean density in flank skin slightly greater in affected animals than in control animals. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified a 53 kb deletion of the X chromosome including parts of the EDA gene as well as the entire AWAT2 gene. The partial deletion of the EDA gene that is known to be associated with forms of ECTD1 is the most likely cause for the reported genodermatosis. Similar rare disorders in livestock are often not diagnosed at the molecular level due to lack of resources, short lifespan of the animals, and concerns for the producers’ reputation. Abstract X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in people results in a spectrum of abnormalities, most importantly hypotrichosis, anodontia/oligodontia, and absent or defective ectodermally derived glands. Five Red Angus-Simmental calves born over a 6-year period demonstrated severe hypotrichosis and were diagnosed as affected with ECTD1-like syndrome. Two died of severe pneumonia within a week of birth. The skin of three affected calves revealed a predominance of histologically unremarkable small-caliber hair follicles. Larger follicles (>50 µm) containing medullated hairs (including guard and tactile hairs) were largely restricted to the muzzle, chin, tail, eyelids, tragus and distal portions of the limbs and tail. The mean histological density of hair follicles in flank skin of two affected calves was slightly greater than that in two unaffected calves. One affected calf was examined postmortem at 10 days of age to better characterize systemic lesions. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Mandibular incisor teeth were absent. Premolar teeth were unerupted and widely spaced. Other than oligodontia, histological changes in teeth were modest, featuring multifocal disorganization of ameloblasts, new bone formation in dental alveoli, and small aggregates of osteodentin and cementum at the margins of the enamel organ. A 52,780 base pair deletion spanning six out of eight coding exons of EDA and all of AWAT2 was identified. Partial deletion of the EDA gene is the presumed basis for the reported X-chromosomal recessive inherited genodermatosis.
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Murashima-Suginami A, Kiso H, Tokita Y, Mihara E, Nambu Y, Uozumi R, Tabata Y, Bessho K, Takagi J, Sugai M, Takahashi K. Anti-USAG-1 therapy for tooth regeneration through enhanced BMP signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/7/eabf1798. [PMID: 33579703 PMCID: PMC7880588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1) deficiency leads to enhanced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, leading to supernumerary teeth formation. Furthermore, antibodies interfering with binding of USAG-1 to BMP, but not lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6), accelerate tooth development. Since USAG-1 inhibits Wnt and BMP signals, the essential factors for tooth development, via direct binding to BMP and Wnt coreceptor LRP5/6, we hypothesized that USAG-1 plays key regulatory roles in suppressing tooth development. However, the involvement of USAG-1 in various types of congenital tooth agenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that blocking USAG-1 function through USAG-1 knockout or anti-USAG-1 antibody administration relieves congenital tooth agenesis caused by various genetic abnormalities in mice. Our results demonstrate that USAG-1 controls the number of teeth by inhibiting development of potential tooth germs in wild-type or mutant mice missing teeth. Anti-USAG-1 antibody administration is, therefore, a promising approach for tooth regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murashima-Suginami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Kiso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Tokita
- Department of Disease model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
| | - E Mihara
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nambu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - R Uozumi
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Sugai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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The Ectodysplasin receptor EDAR acts as a tumor suppressor in melanoma by conditionally inducing cell death. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:443-454. [PMID: 29855541 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin receptor EDAR is seen as a typical Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor (TNFR) family member known to interact with its ligand Eda-A1, and signaling mainly through the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and c-jun N-terminal kinases pathways. Mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in EDAR transduction cascade cause anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Here, we report an unexpected pro-apoptotic activity of EDAR when unbound to its ligand Eda-A1, which is independent of NF-κB pathway. Contrarily to other death receptors, EDAR does recruit caspase-8 to trigger apoptosis but solely upon ligand withdrawal, thereby behaving as the so-called dependence receptors. We propose that pro-apoptotic activity of unbound EDAR confers it a tumor suppressive activity. Along this line, we identified loss-of-pro-apoptotic function mutations in EDAR gene in human melanoma. Moreover, we show that the invalidation of EDAR in mice promotes melanoma progression in a B-Raf mutant background. Together, these data support the view that EDAR constrains melanoma progression by acting as a dependence receptor.
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Laugel-Haushalter V, Paschaki M, Marangoni P, Pilgram C, Langer A, Kuntz T, Demassue J, Morkmued S, Choquet P, Constantinesco A, Bornert F, Schmittbuhl M, Pannetier S, Viriot L, Hanauer A, Dollé P, Bloch-Zupan A. RSK2 is a modulator of craniofacial development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84343. [PMID: 24416220 PMCID: PMC3885557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RSK2 gene is responsible for Coffin-Lowry syndrome, an X-linked dominant genetic disorder causing mental retardation, skeletal growth delays, with craniofacial and digital abnormalities typically associated with this syndrome. Craniofacial and dental anomalies encountered in this rare disease have been poorly characterized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined, using X-Ray microtomographic analysis, the variable craniofacial dysmorphism and dental anomalies present in Rsk2 knockout mice, a model of Coffin-Lowry syndrome, as well as in triple Rsk1,2,3 knockout mutants. We report Rsk mutation produces surpernumerary teeth midline/mesial to the first molar. This highly penetrant phenotype recapitulates more ancestral tooth structures lost with evolution. Most likely this leads to a reduction of the maxillary diastema. Abnormalities of molar shape were generally restricted to the mesial part of both upper and lower first molars (M1). Expression analysis of the four Rsk genes (Rsk1, 2, 3 and 4) was performed at various stages of odontogenesis in wild-type (WT) mice. Rsk2 is expressed in the mesenchymal, neural crest-derived compartment, correlating with proliferative areas of the developing teeth. This is consistent with RSK2 functioning in cell cycle control and growth regulation, functions potentially responsible for severe dental phenotypes. To uncover molecular pathways involved in the etiology of these defects, we performed a comparative transcriptomic (DNA microarray) analysis of mandibular wild-type versus Rsk2-/Y molars. We further demonstrated a misregulation of several critical genes, using a Rsk2 shRNA knock-down strategy in molar tooth germs cultured in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals RSK2 regulates craniofacial development including tooth development and patterning via novel transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Paschaki
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Team «Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition», Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Pilgram
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
| | - Arnaud Langer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
| | - Thibaut Kuntz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
| | - Julie Demassue
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
| | - Supawich Morkmued
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Philippe Choquet
- UF6237 Preclinical Imaging Lab, Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France; ICube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - André Constantinesco
- UF6237 Preclinical Imaging Lab, Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France; ICube, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Bornert
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
- INSERM U1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Schmittbuhl
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
- Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Solange Pannetier
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Team «Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition», Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - André Hanauer
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
- Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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Lagronova-Churava S, Spoutil F, Vojtechova S, Lesot H, Peterka M, Klein OD, Peterkova R. The dynamics of supernumerary tooth development are differentially regulated by Sprouty genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2013; 320:307-20. [PMID: 23606267 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In mice, a toothless diastema separates the single incisor from the three molars in each dental quadrant. In the prospective diastema of the embryo, small rudimentary buds are found that are presumed to be rudiments of suppressed teeth. A supernumerary tooth occurs in the diastema of adult mice carrying mutations in either Spry2 or Spry4. In the case of Spry2 mutants, the origin of the supernumerary tooth involves the revitalization of a rudimentary tooth bud (called R2), whereas its origin in the Spry4 mutants is not known. In addition to R2, another rudimentary primordium (called MS) arises more anteriorly in the prospective diastema. We investigated the participation of both rudiments (MS and R2) in supernumerary tooth development in Spry2 and Spry4 mutants by comparing morphogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, size and Shh expression in the dental epithelium of MS and R2 rudiments. Increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis were found in MS and R2 at embryonic day (ED) 12.5 and 13.5 in Spry2(-/-) embryos. Apoptosis was also decreased in both rudiments in Spry4(-/-) embryos, but the proliferation was lower (similar to WT mice), and supernumerary tooth development was accelerated, exhibiting a cap stage by ED13.5. Compared to Spry2(-/-) mice, a high number of Spry4(-/-) supernumerary tooth primordia degenerated after ED13.5, resulting in a low percentage of supernumerary teeth in adults. We propose that Sprouty genes were implicated during evolution in reduction of the cheek teeth in Muridae, and their deletion can reveal ancestral stages of murine dental evolution.
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Peterkova R, Churava S, Lesot H, Rothova M, Prochazka J, Peterka M, Klein OD. Revitalization of a diastemal tooth primordium in Spry2 null mice results from increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:292-308. [PMID: 19127536 PMCID: PMC2880865 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the factors that promote or inhibit tooth development is essential for designing biological tooth replacements. The embryonic mouse dentition provides an ideal system for studying such factors because it consists of two types of tooth primordia. One type of primordium will go on to form a functional tooth, whereas the other initiates development but arrests at or before the bud stage. This developmental arrest contributes to the formation of the toothless mouse diastema. It is accompanied by the apoptosis of the rudimentary diastemal buds, which presumably results from the insufficient activity of anti-apoptotic signals such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). We have previously shown that the arrest of a rudimentary tooth bud can be rescued by inactivating Spry2, an antagonist of FGF signaling. Here, we studied the role of the epithelial cell death and proliferation in this process by comparing the development of a rudimentary diastemal tooth bud (R(2)) and the first molar in the mandibles of Spry2(-/-) and wild-type (WT) embryos using histological sections, image analysis and 3D reconstructions. In the WT R(2) at embryonic day 13.5, significantly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation were found compared with the first molar. In contrast, increased levels of FGF signaling in Spry2(-/-) embryos led to significantly decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation in the R(2) bud. Consequently, the R(2) was involved in the formation of a supernumerary tooth primordium. Studies of the revitalization of rudimentary tooth primordia in mutant mice can help to lay the foundation for tooth regeneration by enhancing our knowledge of mechanisms that regulate tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Peterkova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Churava
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Herve Lesot
- INSERM U595, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
- International Collaborating Centre in Oro-Facial Genetics and Development, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Rothova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Peterka
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Institutes of Human Genetics and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Townsend G, Harris EF, Lesot H, Clauss F, Brook A. Morphogenetic fields within the human dentition: a new, clinically relevant synthesis of an old concept. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54 Suppl 1:S34-44. [PMID: 18760768 PMCID: PMC2981872 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the concept of morphogenetic fields within the dentition that was first proposed by Butler (Butler PM. Studies of the mammalian dentition. Differentiation of the post-canine dentition. Proc Zool Soc Lond B 1939;109:1–36), then adapted for the human dentition by Dahlberg (Dahlberg AA. The changing dentition of man. J Am Dent Assoc 1945;32:676–90; Dahlberg AA. The dentition of the American Indian. In: Laughlin WS, editor. The Physical Anthropology of the American Indian. New York: Viking Fund Inc.; 1951. p. 138–76). The clone theory of dental development, proposed by Osborn (Osborn JW. Morphogenetic gradients: fields versus clones. In: Butler PM, Joysey KA, editors Development, function and evolution of teeth. London: Academic Press, 1978. p. 171–201), is then considered before these two important concepts are interpreted in the light of recent findings from molecular, cellular, genetic and theoretical and anthropological investigation. Sharpe (Sharpe PT. Homeobox genes and orofacial development. Connect Tissue Res 1995;32:17–25) put forward the concept of an odontogenic homeobox code to explain how different tooth classes are initiated in different parts of the oral cavity in response to molecular cues and the expression of specific groups of homeobox genes. Recently, Mitsiadis and Smith (Mitsiadis TA, Smith MM. How do genes make teeth to order through development? J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 2006; 306B:177–82.) proposed that the field, clone and homeobox code models could all be incorporated into a single model to explain dental patterning. We agree that these three models should be viewed as complementary rather than contradictory and propose that this unifying view can be extended into the clinical setting using findings on dental patterning in individuals with missing and extra teeth. The proposals are compatible with the unifying aetiological model developed by Brook (Brook AH. A unifying aetiological explanation for anomalies of tooth number and size. Archs Oral Biol 1984;29:373–78) based on human epidemiological and clinical findings. Indeed, this new synthesis can provide a sound foundation for clinical diagnosis, counselling and management of patients with various anomalies of dental development as well as suggesting hypotheses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Townsend
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Bloch-Zupan A. Genetische Störungen der Zahnentwicklung und Dentition. MED GENET-BERLIN 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-007-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die Zähne sind Organe, die aus ektodermalen epithelialen Aussackungen im Bereich des 1. Kiemenbogens entstehen, gesteuert von epitheliomesenchymalen Interaktionen. Dabei spielen zahlreiche Signalmoleküle speziell der 4 großen Familien TGF-β, FGF, Hedgehog und WNT sowie diverse Transkriptionsfaktoren eine Rolle. Eine Beteiligung der Retinoide an der Odontogenese ist durch umfangreiche Befunde belegt, auch wenn die Inaktivierung relevanter Gene in Mausmodellen meist keine Zahnanomalien verursacht. Die Zahnentwicklung wird klassischerweise in verschiedene Stadien eingeteilt: Entstehung der Zahnleiste, der Zahnknospe, der Schmelzkappe, der Schmelzglocke, die Wurzelbildung und der Zahndurchbruch. Anomalien der Zahnentwicklung können isoliert oder gemeinsam mit anderen Symptomen im Zusammenhang mit Syndromen auftreten. Sie können genetisch bedingt sein oder unter Einwirkung teratogener Stoffe während der Bildung und Mineralisierung der Zahnkeime zustande kommen. Dentibukkale Entwicklungsanomalien treten im Kontext seltener Erkrankungen auf und finden zunehmend Beachtung, da sie bei bestimmten Erkrankungen in der Diagnostik und als prädikative Faktoren wichtige Anhaltspunkte geben können. Allerdings ist hierfür eine interdisziplinäre und internationale Kooperation notwendig, die bislang erst in Ansätzen verwirklicht wurde.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bloch-Zupan
- Aff1_50 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Louis Pasteur, Centre de référence des manifestations odontologiques des maladies rares, Service de Soins Bucco-Dentaires Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hopital Civil 1 Place de l’Hopital 67000 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Aff2_50 grid.420255.4 0000000406382716 Département Génétique et Physiologie IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Inserm, U596 CNRS, UMR7104 67400 Illkirch France
- Aff3_50 grid.83440.3b 0000000121901201 Eastman Dental Institute Institute of Child Health, University College London UK
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Peterkova R, Lesot H, Peterka M. Phylogenetic memory of developing mammalian dentition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2006; 306:234-50. [PMID: 16463376 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structures suppressed during evolution can be retraced due to atavisms and vestiges. Atavism is an exceptional emergence of an ancestral form in a living individual. In contrast, ancestral vestige regularly occurs in all members of an actual species. We surveyed data about the vestigial and atavistic teeth in mammals, updated them by recent findings in mouse and human embryos, and discussed their ontogenetic and evolutionary implications. In the mouse incisor and diastema regions, dental placodes are transiently distinct being morphologically similar to the early tooth primordia in reptiles. Two large vestigial buds emerge in front of the prospective first molar and presumably correspond to the premolars eliminated during mouse evolution. The incorporation of the posterior premolar vestige into the lower first molar illustrates the putative mechanism of evolutionary disappearance of the last premolar in the mice. In mutant mice, devious development of the ancestral tooth primordia might lead to their revivification and origin of atavistic supernumerary teeth. Similarity in the developmental schedule between three molars in mice and the respective third and fourth deciduous premolar and the first molar in humans raises a question about putative homology of these teeth. The complex patterning of the vestibular and dental epithelium in human embryos is reminiscent of the pattern of "Zahnreihen" in lower vertebrates. A hypothesis was presented about the developmental relationship between the structures at the external aspect of the dentition in mammals (oral vestibule, pre-lacteal teeth, paramolar cusps/teeth), the tooth glands in reptiles, and the earliest teeth in lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Peterkova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences CR, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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