1
|
Liberal Â, Fernandes Â, Ferreira ICFR, Vivar-Quintana AM, Barros L. Effect of different physical pre-treatments on physicochemical and techno-functional properties, and on the antinutritional factors of lentils (Lens culinaris spp). Food Chem 2024; 450:139293. [PMID: 38631207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lentils have a valuable physicochemical profile, which can be affected by the presence of antinutrients that may impair the benefits arising from their consumption. Different treatments can be used to reduce these undesirable compounds, although they can also affect the general composition and behaviour of the lentils. Thus, the effect of different processing methods on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties, as well as on the antinutritional factors of different lentil varieties was studied. Phytic acid was eliminated during germination, while tannins and trypsin inhibitors are mostly affected by cooking. Functional properties were also altered by processing, these being dependent on the concentration of different nutrients in lentils. All the studied treatments affected the physicochemical profile of lentils and their functional properties. Cooking and germination appear to be the most effective in reducing antinutritional factors and improving the physicochemical profile of the lentils, meeting the current nutritional demands of today's society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Liberal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Formulation and Optimization of Complementary Food Based on Its Nutritional and Antinutritional Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:1126031. [PMID: 36299560 PMCID: PMC9592211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1126031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on formulating and optimizing complementary foods using oat, yellow maize, chickpea, avocado pulp powder, and sugarcane Jaggery to obtain nutritious infant food. Different proportions of the composite food were optimized using Minitab v.19 software upon mixture design by keeping the constant amount of Jaggery (10%). The formulated composite foods had a better proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, and lower amounts of antinutrients. Most attributes have shown significant differences (p < 0.05) among those formulations. The better-optimized formulation is selected from nutritional and antinutritional values through overlaid contour design. The study concludes the optimal complementary food composition ratio: oat (40 g), chickpea (25.81 g), yellow maize (13.78 g), avocado powder (10.4 g), and Jaggery (10 g). Thus, the proposed formulated product becomes nutritious complementary food that may help children's and medium-age hold communities.
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of Fermented Seaweed Fertilizer Treatment on Paddy Amino Acid Content and Rhizosphere Microbiome Community. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed has often been reported on for it potential bioresources for fertilizers to improve crop productivity and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers (CF). However, little is known about the nutritional status of the crop grown with the implementation of seaweed fertilizers (SF). In this study, the amino acid content of rice produced by SF implementation was evaluated. Furthermore, the rhizosphere bacterial community was also investigated. The paddy seedlings were divided into five groups, control (C0), chemical fertilizer (CF), seaweed fertilizer (SF), chemical and seaweed fertilizer combination 25:75 (CFSF1), and chemical and fertilizer combination 50:50 (CFSF2). The CFSF2 group shown significantly better growth characteristics compared to other groups. Based on the concentration of macronutrients (N, P, K) in paddy leaf, CFSF2 also shown the best results. This also correlates with the abundant amino acid composition in CFSF2 in almost all tested amino acids, namely, serine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, threonine, histidine, and arginine. Interestingly, beneficial bacteria Rhizobiales were significantly higher in CFSF2-treated soil (58%) compared to CF (29%). Another important group, Vicinamibacterales, was also significantly higher in CFSF2 (58%) compared to CF (7%). Hence, these potentially contributed to the high rice amino acid content and yield in the CFSF2-treated paddy. However, further field-scale studies are needed to confirm the bioindustrial application of seaweed in agricultural systems.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lewandowski K, Zhang X, Hayes M, Ferruzzi MG, Paton CM. Design and Nutrient Analysis of a Carotenoid-Rich Food Product to Address Vitamin A and Protein Deficiency. Foods 2021; 10:1019. [PMID: 34067097 PMCID: PMC8151009 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide undernutrition affects over 820 million individuals and is the underlying cause of over 50% of all childhood deaths. Sweet potatoes have been promoted to address vitamin A (vitA) deficiency, with a single, orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) providing enough vitA, as β-carotene, to meet daily needs. However, the bioavailability of β-carotene is dependent on the presence of dietary fat, which is not provided by OFSP, and it lacks some essential amino acids. Therefore, in an attempt to create a food product that meets daily vitA requirements with adequate bioavailability and complete protein, we designed and assessed a sweet potato, peanut paste, and legume product. The final food product formulation, developed through computer modeling, resulted in a 65/5/35 (w/w/w) formulation in a 250 g serving and ~330 kcal. We then confirmed the nutrient content of macronutrients, and essential amino acids, zinc, and iron contents. Total β-carotene was assessed by HPLC and was lower than predicted through computer modeling, likely due to losses through thermal processing and/or degradation from storage. The results of this project indicate that the three ingredients can be combined into a single 250 g food product to provide >300 kcal energy, complete protein, and micronutrients in a more bioavailable form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lewandowski
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Micala Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (M.H.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (M.H.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Chad M. Paton
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.L.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Foods & Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adoko MC, Olum S, Elolu S, Ongeng D. Addition of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato and Iron-Rich Beans Improves Sensory, Nutritional and Physical Properties But Reduces Microbial Shelf Life of Cassava-Based Pancake ( Kabalagala) Designed for Children 2-5 Years Old. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2021.1911899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melas Cayrol Adoko
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Solomon Olum
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Samuel Elolu
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Duncan Ongeng
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
P V, Dash SK, Rayaguru K. Post-Harvest Processing and Utilization of Sweet Potato: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vithu P
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjaya K Dash
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kalpana Rayaguru
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amaranth Leaves and Skimmed Milk Powders Improve the Nutritional, Functional, Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour. Foods 2019; 8:foods8010013. [PMID: 30621137 PMCID: PMC6351925 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and under nutrition are major public health concerns in developing countries. Diets with high vitamin A and animal protein can help reduce the problem of VAD and under nutrition respectively. In this study, composite flours were developed from orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), amaranth leaves and skimmed milk powders; 78:2:20, 72.5:2.5:25, 65:5:30 and 55:10:35. The physico-chemical characteristics of the composite flours were determined using standard methods while sensory acceptability of porridges was rated on a nine-point hedonic scale using a trained panel. Results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein (12.1 to 19.9%), iron (4.8 to 97.4 mg/100 g) and calcium (45.5 to 670.2 mg/100 g) contents of the OFSP-based composite flours. The vitamin A content of composite flours contributed from 32% to 442% of the recommended dietary allowance of children aged 6–59 months. The composite flours showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in solubility, swelling power and scores of porridge attributes with increase in substitution levels of skimmed milk and amaranth leaf powder. The study findings indicate that the OFSP-based composite flours have the potential to make a significant contribution to the improvement in the nutrition status of children aged 6–59 months in developing countries.
Collapse
|
8
|
OWADE JOSHUAOMBAKA, ABONG GEORGEOOKO, OKOTH MICHAELWANDAYI. Production, Utilization and Nutritional benefits of Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) Puree Bread: A Review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.6.3.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bread though an exotic food product in sub-Saharan Africa, has been an important cereal product consumed by most individuals among the vast Sub-Saharan African population. Bread formulations in both the local and industrial production have evolved. The latest and emerging technology in bread formulation involve the incorporation of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) puree. OFSP puree-based bread is commercially available across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is being promoted due to the potential nutritional benefits that it possesses. Together with OFSP flour based bread, OFSP puree based bread serves as a good food vehicle for β-carotene; this serves to alleviate vitamin A deficiency (VAD) especially among the vulnerable population in SSA. The production of OFSP puree based bread has so far been relying on fresh OFSP puree or cold-chain stored OFSP puree. However, this has presented economic challenges and problems to the sustainability and expansion in OFSP puree bread production. Cold chain stored OFSP puree is capital intensive and has inconsistent supply. With the development of shelf-storable preservative treated OFSP puree, most of these challenges will be overcome without undoing the currently harnessed benefits. The use of OFSP puree in bread baking can then be expanded easily at minimal production costs and maximum retention of nutritional quality. Therefore, the use of the shelf-storable OFSP puree in bread baking needs to be evaluated further to present a substantiated case for its use. The current review has been developed with focus on the scientific advances in the production of OFSP puree based bread from both historical and a forecast perspective. The scientific progress and breakthroughs in the use of OFSP puree in bread are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JOSHUA OMBAKA OWADE
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - GEORGE OOKO ABONG
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - MICHAEL WANDAYI OKOTH
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marengo M, Amoah I, Carpen A, Benedetti S, Zanoletti M, Buratti S, Lutterodt HE, Johnson PNT, Manful J, Marti A, Bonomi F, Iametti S. Enriching gluten-free rice pasta with soybean and sweet potato flours. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2641-2648. [PMID: 30042580 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative rice products is a way to exploiting and adding value to low-grade African rice varieties. To this purpose, rice-based pasta was enriched with flours from soybean and orange-fleshed sweet potato, that are common ingredients in the African tradition. Four different formulations based on pre-gelatinized rice flour and liquid egg albumen, and containing soybean and/or sweet potato (up to 20%) were prepared and characterized via a multidisciplinary approach. Soybean and sweet potato enrichment leads to a decrease in the pasta consistency and in significant changes in the color of the resulting samples, likely due to Maillard-type reactions. E-sensing approaches indicated that the sensory profile of the various pasta products strongly depends on the type of enrichment. Data collected after cooking suggest that both soybean and sweet potato have a role in defining the firmness and water absorption, as well as the optimum cooking time. Structural characterization of proteins in the uncooked products indicates the presence of protein aggregates stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds in all samples, although structural properties of the aggregates related to specific compositional traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marengo
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isaac Amoah
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aristodemo Carpen
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Benedetti
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Zanoletti
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Buratti
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Herman E Lutterodt
- 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - John Manful
- Africa Rice Center, 01 BP 4029 Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Alessandra Marti
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Masters WA, Nene MD, Bell W. Nutrient composition of premixed and packaged complementary foods for sale in low- and middle-income countries: Lack of standards threatens infant growth. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 13:e12421. [PMID: 28008727 PMCID: PMC6865969 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Premixed flours for infant porridge are increasingly produced and sold in developing countries to complement continued breastfeeding. Such complementary food (CF) products have known efficacy against malnutrition in children from 6 to 24 months of age, but ingredient ratios and production processes may vary. This study provides the first systematic measurement of their actual nutrient composition. We purchased samples of 108 premixed CF products in 22 low- and middle-income countries, and commissioned blind laboratory measurement of each product's macronutrients and micronutrients. We compared measured contents to nutrient claims on their packaging and to CF standards from the Codex Alimentarius, the Super Cereal Plus product used in nutrition assistance programs, and the Lutter and Dewey (2003) recommendations, as well as our own modeled nutrient requirements for a healthy breastfed child. Actual densities are significantly different from nutrient claims for protein (p = .013) and fat (p = .000). Only 15% of samples met two of the three benchmarks for fat, 32% met the most stringent protein standard, while only 22% met them for iron, and 21% for zinc. The median healthy child consuming breast milk plus enough of these solid foods to meet energy needs would experience deficits of zinc at 6 months, iron at 6 and 9 months, and dietary fat from 12 months of age. In summary, premixed CF products can provide adequate nutrient density but usually do not, revealing the need and opportunity for independent monitoring and quality assurance to help grain millers making premixed foods maintain uniform ingredient ratios and production practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Masters
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marc D. Nene
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Winnie Bell
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou W, Wang X, Zhou D, Ouyang Y, Yao J. Overexpression of the 16-kDa α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor RAG2 improves grain yield and quality of rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:568-580. [PMID: 27775871 PMCID: PMC5399008 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing grain yield and improving grain quality are two important goals for rice breeding. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quantity and nutritional quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding strategies. RAG2 is a member of 14-to-16-kDa α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors in rice, which belong to the albumin of seed storage proteins. We found that RAG2 was specifically expressed in ripening seed and its transcription peak was between 14 and 21 days after flowering. Grain size and 1000-grain weight were obviously increased in RAG2-overexpressed lines compared with wild type, and grain size was reduced in RAG2-suppressed lines. In addition, the major storage substances of the seeds differed significantly in RAG2-overexpressed and RAG2-suppressed lines compared to wild type. The protein content and amount of total lipids were increased and decreased, respectively, in the seeds of RAG2-overexpressed and RAG2-suppressed lines. Overexpression of RAG2 significantly increased grain size and improved grain quality and yield simultaneously. These results imply that RAG2 might play an important role in regulating grain weight and seed quality of rice. The functional characterization of rice RAG2 facilitates a further understanding of the mechanisms involved in grain size and seed quality and may be helpful in improving grain yield and quantity in cereal crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Christides T, Amagloh FK, Coad J. Iron Bioavailability and Provitamin A from Sweet Potato- and Cereal-Based Complementary Foods. Foods 2015; 4:463-476. [PMID: 28231217 PMCID: PMC5224543 DOI: 10.3390/foods4030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and vitamin A deficiencies in childhood are public health problems in the developing world. Introduction of cereal-based complementary foods, that are often poor sources of both vitamin A and bioavailable iron, increases the risk of deficiency in young children. Alternative foods with higher levels of vitamin A and bioavailable iron could help alleviate these micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to compare iron bioavailability of β-carotene-rich sweet potato-based complementary foods (orange-flesh based sweet potato (OFSP) ComFa and cream-flesh sweet potato based (CFSP) ComFa with a household cereal-based complementary food (Weanimix) and a commercial cereal (Cerelac®), using the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Iron bioavailability relative to total iron, concentrations of iron-uptake inhibitors (fibre, phytates, and polyphenols), and enhancers (ascorbic acid, ß-carotene and fructose) was also evaluated. All foods contained similar amounts of iron, but bioavailability varied: Cerelac® had the highest, followed by OFSP ComFa and Weanimix, which had equivalent bioavailable iron; CFSP ComFa had the lowest bioavailability. The high iron bioavailability from Cerelac® was associated with the highest levels of ascorbic acid, and the lowest levels of inhibitors; polyphenols appeared to limit sweet potato-based food iron bioavailability. Taken together, the results do not support that CFSP- and OFSP ComFa are better sources of bioavailable iron compared with non-commercial/household cereal-based weaning foods; however, they may be a good source of provitamin A in the form of β-carotene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Christides
- Department of Life & Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Francis Kweku Amagloh
- Food Processing Technology Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Ghana.
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Health, Te Kura Hauora Tangata, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|