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Vexler A, Gao X, Zhou J. How to implement signed-rank wilcox.test() type procedures when a center of symmetry is unknown. Comput Stat Data Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2023.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Sonoli SS, Kothiwale VA, Channashetti RD. Alterations in metabolic status of healthy individuals with and without obesity during transition from adolescence to young adulthood. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Extensive research is carried out throughout the world in healthy persons with obesity phenotype in concern with prevalence, metabolic profiling, etc. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, not many studies have investigated the status of adiponectin, specific inflammatory changes, oxidative damage in healthy adolescents and young adults with obesity. Present study was undertaken in adolescents and young adults of urban population in a district of North Karnataka, India, in a view to understand relationship between hormone adiponectin, oxidative stress markers like C3, C4, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, euthyroid individuals with and without obesity.
Methods: Participant selection was done using cluster sampling technique. Participating adolescents and young adults, each with and without obesity were included in the study. Screening of participants for diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders was done, their serum level of adiponectin, hs-CRP, C3, C4, ceruloplasmin (Cp), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were estimated using standardized methods in National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) laboratory.
Results: Adiponectin (young adults lower than adolescents, P = 0.01) levels were low, while hs-CRP and Cp (young adults higher than adolescents, P = 0.01) levels were high with increasing age in non-obese. While in persons having obesity, aging adiponectin levels were low while hs-CRP, C3, Cp levels were high significantly. Females without obesity had significantly higher values of C3 than males. Adiponectin showed higher levels in females than males, however, statistical significance could not be achieved (P = 0.308). While females with obesity, exhibited statistically lower levels of adiponectin, and higher levels of C3 and C4.
Conclusions: Being non-diabetic and non-hypertensive yet obese, tagged by one time of assay, does not suffice to be categorized as healthy. Healthy young adults with obesity are exhibiting lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared to adolescents with obesity. This implies, the so categorized “healthy obese” participants are in a phase of transition towards an unhealthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita S. Sonoli
- Department of Biochemistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Veerappa A. Kothiwale
- Registrar, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma D. Channashetti
- Department of Biochemistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
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Assaf L, Eid AA, Nassif J. Role of AMPK/mTOR, mitochondria, and ROS in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Life Sci 2022; 306:120805. [PMID: 35850246 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity usually in the ovaries, fallopian tube, and pelvic cavity. It's a chronic enigmatic gynecological condition associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and infertility. Endometriosis lesions exist in a unique microenvironment characterized by increased concentrations of hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This environment promotes cell survival through the binding of membrane receptors and subsequent cascading activation of intracellular kinases that stimulate a cellular response. In endometriosis, well-established signaling pathways, mTOR and AMPK, are altered via steroid hormones and other factors to promote cell growth, migration, and proliferation. This is accompanied by dysfunction in the mitochondria that increase energy production to sustain proliferation demands consequently leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction. This review aims to summarize the role of altered mTOR/AMPK signaling pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species overproduction along with providing therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Highlighting these factors would provide a better understanding to reach a coherent theory for the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Assaf
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Nassif
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ho KJ, Chen TH, Yang CC, Chuang YC, Chuang HY. Interaction of Smoking and Lead Exposure among Carriers of Genetic Variants Associated with a Higher Level of Oxidative Stress Indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168325. [PMID: 34444074 PMCID: PMC8393757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and lead (Pb) exposure increased oxidative stress in human body, and people with some gene variants may be susceptible to Pb and smoking via oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate oxidative stress by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the relationship of lipid peroxidation markers in Pb workers with different gene polymorphisms (rs4673 and rs1050450) in both smokers and nonsmokers. Blood samples were collected from 267 Pb workers who received their annual health examination in the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) rs1050450 and cytochrome B-245 Alpha Chain (CYBA) rs4673 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed by specific primer-probes using Real-Time PCR methods. The interaction between blood Pb and smoking increased serum levels of TBARS and the ratio of oxidative low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL/LDL). Analysis of workers with rs1050450 SNPs showed higher blood Pb levels in the workers with CC genotype than those with CT genotype. Smokers had significantly higher blood Pb, alanine transaminase (ALT), TBARS, and OxLDL levels than nonsmokers. TBARS increased 0.009 nmol/mL when blood Pb increased one µg/dL in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The ratio of OxLDL/LDL increased 0.223 when blood Pb increased one µg/dL in smokers compared to nonsmokers. TBARS levels and the ratio of OxLDL/LDL were positively correlated and interacted between blood Pb and smoking after the adjustment of confounders, suggesting that smoking cessation is an important issue in the Pb-exposed working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jung Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hua Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101
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8-Week Supplementation of 2S-Hesperidin Modulates Antioxidant and Inflammatory Status after Exercise until Exhaustion in Amateur Cyclists. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030432. [PMID: 33799833 PMCID: PMC8000657 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic ingestion of 2S-hesperidin have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies, but so far, no one has studied this effect of chronic ingestion in humans. The main objective was to evaluate whether an 8-week intake of 2S-hesperidin had the ability to modulate antioxidant-oxidant and inflammatory status in amateur cyclists. A parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was carried out with two groups (500 mg/d 2S-hesperidin; n = 20 and 500 mg/d placebo; n = 20). An incremental test was performed to determine the working zones in a rectangular test, which was used to analyze for changes in antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers. After 2S-hesperidin ingestion, we found in the rectangular test: (1) an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) after the exercise phase until exhaustion (p = 0.045) and the acute recovery phase (p = 0.004), (2) a decrease in the area under the oxidized glutathione curve (GSSG) (p = 0.016), and (3) a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) after the acute recovery phase (p = 0.004), post-intervention. Chronic 2S-hesperidin supplementation increased endogenous antioxidant capacity (↑SOD) after maximal effort and decreased oxidative stress (↓AUC-GSSG) during the rectangular test, decreasing inflammation (↓MCP1) after the acute recovery phase.
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Martínez-Noguera FJ, Marín-Pagán C, Carlos-Vivas J, Rubio-Arias JA, Alcaraz PE. Acute Effects of Hesperidin in Oxidant/Antioxidant State Markers and Performance in Amateur Cyclists. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081898. [PMID: 31416212 PMCID: PMC6723516 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that Hesperidin has the ability to modulate antioxidant and inflammatory state and to improve aerobic performance. The main objective of this study was to assess whether the acute intake of 500 mg of 2S-Hesperidin (Cardiose®) improves antioxidant status, metabolism, and athletic performance, during and after a rectangular test (aerobic and anaerobic effort). For this, a crossover design was used in 15 cyclists (>1 year of training), with one week of washout between placebo and Cardiose® supplementation. After the intervention, significant differences in average power (+2.27%, p = 0.023), maximum speed (+3.23%, p = 0.043) and total energy (∑ 4 sprint test) (+2.64%, p = 0.028) between Cardiose® and placebo were found in the best data of the repeated sprint test. Small changes were also observed in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione concentration and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, as well as the lipoperoxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), at different points of the rectangular test, although not significant. Our findings showed improvements in anaerobic performance after Cardiose® intake, but not in placebo, suggesting the potential benefits of using Cardiose® in sports with a high anaerobic component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Marín-Pagán
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- Faculty of Sport, Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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7
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Vexler A, Zou L, Hutson AD. The empirical likelihood prior applied to bias reduction of general estimating equations. Comput Stat Data Anal 2019; 138:96-106. [PMID: 31031458 DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The practice of employing empirical likelihood (EL) components in place of parametric likelihood functions in the construction of Bayesian-type procedures has been well-addressed in the modern statistical literature. The EL prior, a Jeffreys-type prior, which asymptotically maximizes the Shannon mutual information between data and the parameters of interest, is rigorously derived. The focus of the proposed approach is on an integrated Kullback-Leibler distance between the EL-based posterior and prior density functions. The EL prior density is the density function for which the corresponding posterior form is asymptotically negligibly different from the EL. The proposed result can be used to develop a methodology for reducing the asymptotic bias of solutions of general estimating equations and M-estimation schemes by removing the first-order term. This technique is developed in a similar manner to methods employed to reduce the asymptotic bias of maximum likelihood estimates via penalizing the underlying parametric likelihoods by their Jeffreys invariant priors. A real data example related to a study of myocardial infarction illustrates the attractiveness of the proposed technique in practical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vexler
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, California State University, East Bay, CA, USA
| | - Alan D Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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8
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Li DL, Peng JX, Duan CY, Deng JM. Three optimal cut-point selection criteria based on sensitivity and specificity with user-defined weights. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2018.1435809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ling Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong-Yang Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju-Min Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Gurevich G, Vexler A. A density based empirical likelihood approach for testing bivariate normality. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2018; 88:2540-2560. [PMID: 31223176 PMCID: PMC6586021 DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2018.1476516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Sample entropy based tests, methods of sieves and Grenander estimation type procedures are known to be very efficient tools for assessing normality of underlying data distributions, in one-dimensional nonparametric settings. Recently, it has been shown that the density based empirical likelihood (EL) concept extends and standardizes these methods, presenting a powerful approach for approximating optimal parametric likelihood ratio test statistics, in a distribution-free manner. In this paper, we discuss difficulties related to constructing density based EL ratio techniques for testing bivariate normality and propose a solution regarding this problem. Toward this end, a novel bivariate sample entropy expression is derived and shown to satisfy the known concept related to bivariate histogram density estimations. Monte Carlo results show that the new density based EL ratio tests for bivariate normality behave very well for finite sample sizes. In order to exemplify the excellent applicability of the proposed approach, we demonstrate a real data example related to a study of biomarkers associated with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Gurevich
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - Albert Vexler
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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10
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Vexler A, Yu J. To t-Test or Not to t-Test? A p-Values-Based Point of View in the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Framework. J Comput Biol 2018; 25:541-550. [PMID: 29653061 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common statistical doctrine supported by many introductory courses and textbooks is that t-test type procedures based on normally distributed data points are anticipated to provide a standard in decision-making. In order to motivate scholars to examine this convention, we introduce a simple approach based on graphical tools of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a well-established biostatistical methodology. In this context, we propose employing a p-values-based method, taking into account the stochastic nature of p-values. We focus on the modern statistical literature to address the expected p-value (EPV) as a measure of the performance of decision-making rules. During the course of our study, we extend the EPV concept to be considered in terms of the ROC curve technique. This provides expressive evaluations and visualizations of a wide spectrum of testing mechanisms' properties. We show that the conventional power characterization of tests is a partial aspect of the presented EPV/ROC technique. We desire that this explanation of the EPV/ROC approach convinces researchers of the usefulness of the EPV/ROC approach for depicting different characteristics of decision-making procedures, in light of the growing interest regarding correct p-values-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vexler
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York
| | - Jihnhee Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York
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11
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Miller JE, Ahn SH, Monsanto SP, Khalaj K, Koti M, Tayade C. Implications of immune dysfunction on endometriosis associated infertility. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7138-7147. [PMID: 27740937 PMCID: PMC5351695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex, inflammatory disease that affects 6-10% of reproductive-aged women. Almost half of the women with endometriosis experience infertility. Despite the excessive prevalence, the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its associated infertility is unknown and a cure is not available. While many theories have been suggested to link endometriosis and infertility, a consensus among investigators has not emerged. In this extensive review of the literature as well as research from our laboratory, we provide potential insights into the role of immune dysfunction in endometriosis associated infertility. We discuss the implication of the peritoneal inflammatory microenvironment on various factors that contribute to infertility such as hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress and how these could further lead to poor oocyte, sperm and embryo quality, impaired receptivity of the endometrium and implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephany P Monsanto
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Vexler A, Yu J, Zhao Y, Hutson AD, Gurevich G. Expected p-values in light of an ROC curve analysis applied to optimal multiple testing procedures. Stat Methods Med Res 2017; 27:3560-3576. [PMID: 28504080 DOI: 10.1177/0962280217704451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many statistical studies report p-values for inferential purposes. In several scenarios, the stochastic aspect of p-values is neglected, which may contribute to drawing wrong conclusions in real data experiments. The stochastic nature of p-values makes their use to examine the performance of given testing procedures or associations between investigated factors to be difficult. We turn our focus on the modern statistical literature to address the expected p-value (EPV) as a measure of the performance of decision-making rules. During the course of our study, we prove that the EPV can be considered in the context of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a well-established biostatistical methodology. The ROC-based framework provides a new and efficient methodology for investigating and constructing statistical decision-making procedures, including: (1) evaluation and visualization of properties of the testing mechanisms, considering, e.g. partial EPVs; (2) developing optimal tests via the minimization of EPVs; (3) creation of novel methods for optimally combining multiple test statistics. We demonstrate that the proposed EPV-based approach allows us to maximize the integrated power of testing algorithms with respect to various significance levels. In an application, we use the proposed method to construct the optimal test and analyze a myocardial infarction disease dataset. We outline the usefulness of the "EPV/ROC" technique for evaluating different decision-making procedures, their constructions and properties with an eye towards practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vexler
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Jihnhee Yu
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Alan D Hutson
- 2 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Gurevich
- 3 Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, Israel
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13
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Vexler A, Zou L, Hutson AD. An extension to empirical likelihood for evaluating probability weighted moments. J Stat Plan Inference 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jspi.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Kappus RM, Bunsawat K, Rosenberg AJ, Fernhall B. No Evidence of Racial Differences in Endothelial Function and Exercise Blood Flow in Young, Healthy Males Following Acute Antioxidant Supplementation. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38:193-200. [PMID: 28219102 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acute antioxidant supplementation on endothelial function, exercise blood flow and oxidative stress biomarkers in 9 young African American compared to 10 Caucasian males (25.7±1.2 years). We hypothesized that African American males would have lower exercise blood flow and endothelial responsiveness compared to Caucasian males, and these responses would be improved following antioxidant supplementation. Ultrasonography was used to measure blood flow during handgrip exercise. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation, and lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring levels of malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. African American males exhibited lower endothelial function than Caucasians at baseline (8.3±1.7 vs. 12.2±1.7%) and the difference was ameliorated with antioxidant supplementation (10.7±1.9% vs. 10.8±1.8%), but the interaction was not significant (p=0.10). There were no significant changes in malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances following antioxidant supplementation. There was a significant increase in brachial blood flow and forearm vascular conductance with exercise but no differences with antioxidant supplementation. There were no group differences in exercise responses and no differences with antioxidant supplementation, suggesting a lack of influence of oxidative stress during exercise in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Kappus
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, United States
| | - Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alexander J Rosenberg
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
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15
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Chen X, Bakillah A, Zhou L, Pan X, Hoepfner F, Jacob M, Jiang XC, Lazar J, Schlitt A, Hussain MM. Nitrated apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein AI ratio is increased in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 245:12-21. [PMID: 26687998 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have suggested that determination of HDL function may be more informative than its concentration in predicting its protective role in coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the major protein of HDL, is nitrosylated in vivo to nitrated apoAI (NT-apoAI) that might cause dysfunction. We hypothesized that NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio might be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in CAD patients. METHODS We measured plasma NT-apoAI and apoAI levels in 777 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by ELISA. Further, we measured plasma cholesterol efflux potential in subjects with similar apoAI but different NT-apoAI levels. RESULTS We found that median NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 327) versus non-diabetic patients (n = 450). Further analysis indicated that DM, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and C-reactive protein levels were independent predictors of higher NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio. There was negative correlation between NT-apoAI/apoAI and use of anti-platelet and lipid lowering drugs. The cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma from 67 individuals with differing NT-apoAI but similar apoAI levels from macrophages in vitro was negatively correlated with NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio. CONCLUSIONS Higher NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio is significantly associated with DM in this relatively large German cohort with CAD and may contribute to associated complications by reducing cholesterol efflux capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ahmed Bakillah
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Liye Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Marrit Jacob
- Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA
| | - Jason Lazar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany; Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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16
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Vexler A, Chen X, Hutson AD. Dependence and independence: Structure and inference. Stat Methods Med Res 2015; 26:2114-2132. [PMID: 26229085 DOI: 10.1177/0962280215594198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluations of relationships between pairs of variables, including testing for independence, are increasingly important. Erich Leo Lehmann noted that "the study of the power and efficiency of tests of independence is complicated by the difficulty of defining natural classes of alternatives to the hypothesis of independence." This paper presents a general review, discussion and comparison of classical and novel tests of independence. We investigate a broad spectrum of dependence structures with/without random effects, including those that are well addressed in both the applied and the theoretical scientific literatures as well as scenarios when the classical tests of independence may break down completely. Motivated by practical considerations, the impact of random effects in dependence structures are studied in the additive and multiplicative forms. A novel index of dependence is proposed based on the area under the Kendall plot. In conjunction with the scatterplot and the Kendall plot, the proposed method provides a comprehensive presentation of the data in terms of graphing and conceptualizing the dependence. We also present a graphical methodology based on heat maps to effectively compare the powers of various tests. Practical examples illustrate the use of various tests of independence and the graphical representations of dependence structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vexler
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alan D Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Santulli P, Chouzenoux S, Fiorese M, Marcellin L, Lemarechal H, Millischer AE, Batteux F, Borderie D, Chapron C. Protein oxidative stress markers in peritoneal fluids of women with deep infiltrating endometriosis are increased. Hum Reprod 2014; 30:49-60. [PMID: 25376454 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are protein oxidative stress markers [thiols, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls and nitrates/nitrites] in perioperative peritoneal fluid higher in women with histologically proven endometriosis when compared with endometriosis-free controls? SUMMARY ANSWER Protein oxidative stress markers are significantly increased in peritoneal fluids from women with deep infiltrating endometriosis with intestinal involvement when compared with endometriosis-free controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is a common gynaecologic condition characterized by an important inflammatory process. Various source of evidence support the role of oxidative stress in the development of endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a prospective laboratory study in a tertiary-care university hospital between January 2011 and December 2012, and included 235 non-pregnant women, younger than 42 year old, undergoing surgery for a benign gynaecological condition. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS After complete surgical exploration of the abdomino-pelvic cavity, 150 women with histologically proven endometriosis and 85 endometriosis-free controls women were enrolled. Women with endometriosis were staged according to a surgical classification in three different phenotypes of endometriosis: superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SUP), ovarian endometrioma (OMA) and deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Perioperative peritoneal fluids samples were obtained from all study participants. Thiols, AOPP, protein carbonyls and nitrates/nitrites were assayed in all peritoneal samples. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Concentrations of peritoneal AOPP were significantly higher in endometriosis patients than in the control group (median, 128.9 µmol/l; range, 0.3-1180.1 versus median, 77.8 µmol/l; range, 0.8-616.1; P < 0.001). In a similar manner concentrations of peritoneal nitrates/nitrites were higher in endometriosis patients than in the control group (median, 24.8 µmol/l; range, 1.6-681.6 versus median, 18.5 µmol/l; range, 1.6-184.5; P < 0.05). According to the surgical classification, peritoneal fluids protein AOPP and nitrates/nitrites were significantly increased only in DIE samples when compared with controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05; respectively), whereas the others forms of endometriosis (SUP and OMA) showed non-statistically significant increases. We found positive correlations between peritoneal fluids AOPP concentrations, nitrites/nitrates levels and the total number of intestinal DIE lesions (r = 0.464; P < 0.001 and r = 0.366; P = 0.007; respectively). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Inclusion of only surgical patients may constitute a possible selection bias. In fact, our control group involved women who underwent surgery for benign gynaecological conditions. This specificity of our control group may lead to biases stemming from the fact that some of these conditions, such as fibroids, ovarian cysts or tubal infertility, might be associated with altered peritoneal proteins oxidative stress markers. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We demonstrate the existence of a significantly increased protein oxidative stress status in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis especially in cases of DIE with intestinal involvement. This study opens the way to future more mechanistics studies to determine the exact role of protein oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Even if an association does not establish proof of cause and effect, these intrinsic biochemical characteristics of endometriosis may lead to the evaluation of therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative imbalance. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS No funding was used for this study. The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Santulli
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Unité de recherche U1016, Equipe Batteux, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France Faculté de Médecine, Inserm, Unité de recherche U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Unité de recherche U1016, Equipe Batteux, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France
| | - Mauro Fiorese
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France Faculté de Médecine, Inserm, Unité de recherche U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Herve Lemarechal
- Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75679, France
| | - Anne-Elodie Millischer
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Unité de recherche U1016, Equipe Batteux, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France Faculté de Médecine, Inserm, Unité de recherché, UMR1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charles Chapron
- Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Unité de recherche U1016, Equipe Batteux, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75679, France Faculté de Médecine, Inserm, Unité de recherche U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Vexler A, Tsai WM, Hutson AD. A Simple Density-Based Empirical Likelihood Ratio Test for Independence. AM STAT 2014; 48:158-169. [PMID: 25308974 DOI: 10.1080/00031305.2014.901922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We develop a novel nonparametric likelihood ratio test for independence between two random variables using a technique that is free of the common constraints of defining a given set of specific dependence structures. Our methodology revolves around an exact density-based empirical likelihood ratio test statistic that approximates in a distribution-free fashion the corresponding most powerful parametric likelihood ratio test. We demonstrate that the proposed test is very powerful in detecting general structures of dependence between two random variables, including non-linear and/or random-effect dependence structures. An extensive Monte Carlo study confirms that the proposed test is superior to the classical nonparametric procedures across a variety of settings. The real-world applicability of the proposed test is illustrated using data from a study of biomarkers associated with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vexler
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, U.S.A
| | - Wan-Min Tsai
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, U.S.A
| | - Alan D Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, U.S.A
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Pascale V, Pascale W, Lavanga V, Sansone V, Ferrario P, De Gennaro Colonna V. L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:1057-62. [PMID: 24276564 PMCID: PMC3852624 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study groups consisted of 32 patients with knee OA and 31 healthy controls. In peripheral venous blood samples (from the OA patients and the controls) and in synovial fluid samples (from the OA patients), the concentrations of L-arginine (ARN), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were evaluated. In plasma samples, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also measured. RESULTS Plasma ARN concentrations were lower in the OA patients than in controls (53.55 ± 16.37 vs. 70.20 ± 25.68 µmol/l) (P<0.05), while plasma ADMA concentrations were similar. Accordingly, the ARN/ADMA ratio was lower in the OA patients than in the control group (80.85 ± 29.58 vs. 110.51 ± 30.48, P<0.05). Plasma SDMA and TBARS concentrations were higher in the OA patients than in controls (0.69 ± 0.15 vs. 0.60 ± 0.10 µmol/l, P<0.05 and 1.21 ± 0.29 vs. 0.55 ± 0.12, respectively) (P<0.001). In the OA patients, ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in the synovial fluid than in plasma (0.75 ± 0.09 vs. 0.69 ± 0.14 µmol/l, P<0.05), as were ARN concentrations (76.96 ± 16.73 vs. 53.55 ± 16.73 µmol/l) (P<0.00001). Conclusions These results indicate a poor availability of NO in the synovial fluid of the OA patients, which may contribute to the progression of OA. The decreased ARN/ADMA ratio and the increased SDMA and TBARS in the plasma of the OA patients suggest an impairment of endothelial function in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pascale
- Clinical Orthopaedics, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedics Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Pascale
- Knee Surgery II, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedics Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lavanga
- Clinical Orthopaedics, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedics Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Sansone
- Clinical Orthopaedics, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedics Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferrario
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Ho E, Karimi Galougahi K, Liu CC, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Biological markers of oxidative stress: Applications to cardiovascular research and practice. Redox Biol 2013; 1:483-91. [PMID: 24251116 PMCID: PMC3830063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common mediator in pathogenicity of established cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, it likely mediates effects of emerging, less well-defined variables that contribute to residual risk not explained by traditional factors. Functional oxidative modifications of cellular proteins, both reversible and irreversible, are a causal step in cellular dysfunction. Identifying markers of oxidative stress has been the focus of many researchers as they have the potential to act as an “integrator” of a multitude of processes that drive cardiovascular pathobiology. One of the major challenges is the accurate quantification of reactive oxygen species with very short half-life. Redox-sensitive proteins with important cellular functions are confined to signalling microdomains in cardiovascular cells and are not readily available for quantification. A popular approach is the measurement of stable by-products modified under conditions of oxidative stress that have entered the circulation. However, these may not accurately reflect redox stress at the cell/tissue level. Many of these modifications are “functionally silent”. Functional significance of the oxidative modifications enhances their validity as a proposed biological marker of cardiovascular disease, and is the strength of the redox cysteine modifications such as glutathionylation. We review selected biomarkers of oxidative stress that show promise in cardiovascular medicine, as well as new methodologies for high-throughput measurement in research and clinical settings. Although associated with disease severity, further studies are required to examine the utility of the most promising oxidative biomarkers to predict prognosis or response to treatment. Oxidative stress is a common mediator in pathobiology of risk factors for CVD. Oxidative modifications of proteins and lipids alter cellular function. Some oxidative biomarkers have been associated with severity of CVD. Pathophysiologically relevant biomarkers may integrate the effect of risk factors. Utility of oxidative biomarkers to guide prognosis/treatment merits further work.
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Key Words
- Biomarker
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular disease
- GSH, glutathione (reduced)
- Glutathionylation
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HO2•, hydroperoxyl radical
- HOCl, hypochlorous acid
- IsoP, isoprostane
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NO2, nitrogen dioxide
- O2•−, superoxide
- ONOO−, peroxynitrite
- OxLDL, Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
- Oxidative stress
- Prognosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reacting substance
- •OH, hydroxyl radical
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ho
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chia-Chi Liu
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ravi Bhindi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to: North Shore Heart Research Group, Level 12, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 9926 4915; fax: +61 2 9926 6521.
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EGUCHI M, OHTA M, YAMATO H. The effects of single long and accumulated short bouts of exercise on cardiovascular risks in male Japanese workers: a randomized controlled study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2013; 51:563-571. [PMID: 23892902 PMCID: PMC4202748 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2013-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether accumulated short bouts of exercise can achieve the same cardiovascular benefits as a single long bout of exercise in sedentary male Japanese workers and to compare the programs' relative effects on oxidative stress. Twenty-three sedentary male workers were randomly assigned into 2 different exercise programs: a Long-bout group, which performed a single period of continuous exercise (Long-bout group: 30 min × 1) 3 d per week, and a Short-bouts group, which performed 3 short bouts of exercise (Short-bouts group: 10 min × 3) 3 d per week. Cardiovascular risk factors, including the plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level, were examined at baseline and after both 10 and 20 wk. In the Long-bout group, waist circumference and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) significantly improved after 20 wk. The Short-bouts group demonstrated significant increases in VO2max after 10 weeks and in HDL-C after 20 wk. Plasma TBARS significantly decreased after 20 weeks in the Long-bout group and tended to decrease (but not significantly) in the Short-bouts group. These results indicate that accumulated short bouts of exercise are an effective option, especially for busy workers, for incorporating exercise into one's lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi EGUCHI
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial
Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masanori OHTA
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial
Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiroshi YAMATO
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial
Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Okauchi Y, Kishida K, Funahashi T, Noguchi M, Ogawa T, Okita K, Iwahashi H, Ohira T, Imagawa A, Nakamura T, Shimomura I. Cross-sectional and longitudinal study of association between circulating thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance levels and clinicobiochemical parameters in 1,178 middle-aged Japanese men - the Amagasaki Visceral Fat Study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:82. [PMID: 22108213 PMCID: PMC3286396 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS) levels, a marker of systemic oxidative stress, are predictive of cardiovascular events. However, they has not been evaluated in Japanese, especially with regard to the factors that contribute to the changes in circulating TBARS levels. We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between circulating TBARS levels and various clinicobiochemical parameters in middle-aged men. Methods In this population-based study (The Amagasaki Visceral Fat Study), 1,178 Japanese male urban workers who had undergone health check-ups in 2006, 2007 and 2008 and were not on medications for metabolic disorders during the follow-up period, were enrolled. Serum TBARS levels were measured by the method of Yagi. The estimated visceral fat area (eVFA) by bioelectrical impedance was measured annually. After health check-ups, subjects received health education with lifestyle modification by medical personnel. Results The number of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, hyper-LDL-C and impaired renal function) augmented with the increases in log-eVFA (p < 0.0001) and log-TBARS (p < 0.0001). The combination of TBARS and eVFA had a multiplicative effect on risk factor accumulation (F value = 79.1, p = 0.0065). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified log-eVFA, as well as age, log-body mass index (BMI), LDL-C, log-adiponectin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and uric acid as significant determinants of log-TBARS. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified one-year changes in eVFA as well as BMI, γ-GTP and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as significant determinants of one-year change in TBARS, and biennial changes in eVFA as well as BMI and γ-GTP, eGFR as significant determinants of biennial change in TBARS. Conclusions The present study showed a significant cross-sectional and longitudinal correlation between TBARS and eVFA, as well as BMI and γ- GTP, eGFR. Visceral fat reduction may independently associate with the improvement in systemic ROS in middle-aged Japanese men. Trial Registration The Amagasaki Visceral Fat Study UMIN000002391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyoshi Okauchi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Charles LE, Burchfiel CM, Violanti JM, Fekedulegn D, Slaven JE, Browne RW, Hartley TA, Andrew ME. Adiposity measures and oxidative stress among police officers. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2489-97. [PMID: 18719659 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate associations between adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and abdominal height) and biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px), vitamin C, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)) among police officers. This cross-sectional study included randomly selected police officers (43 policewomen; 67 policemen) from Buffalo, New York. Adiposity measures were performed using standardized methods. Biomarkers were measured on fasting blood specimens. An oxidative stress score (OSS) was created as a composite of the biomarkers. ANOVAs were used to compare mean levels of biomarkers across tertiles of the adiposity measures. Officers were 26- to 61-years old. GSH was inversely associated with waist circumference (trend P = 0.030) and waist-to-hip ratio (trend P = 0.026). GSH-Px was inversely associated with BMI (trend P = 0.004) and with waist-to-height ratio (trend P = 0.017). No associations were observed for TEAC, TBARS, or OSS with any adiposity measure. Significant interactions were observed by physical activity status for GSH with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio and for vitamin C with waist circumference, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios. The above associations were inversely related only among officers who reported engaging in physical activity. Inverse associations were observed for BMI and waist circumference with GSH, but only among women; the interaction with gender was significant. Larger indices of adiposity were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luenda E Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Abstract
Quality control is important in many fields, especially industrial production. Major research has been developed with regard to industrial quality control to ensure reliable and consistent products. We adapt and develop methodology in quality control to monitor data collection in epidemiologic studies. There are no procedures currently used by epidemiologists to evaluate quality control during the actual process of data collection; methods are implemented only after the data have been collected. We focus on procedures that can be used during data collection: instrument calibration and population sampling. For the first, we propose methods utilizing Shewhart control charts and Westgard stopping rules. For evaluating population sampling, we present methods utilizing regression analysis. We provide a motivating example to highlight the utility of these methods. The proposed methodology may help investigators to identify data quality problems that can be corrected while data are still being collected, and also to identify biases in data collection that might be adjusted later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Harel
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF. The inconsistency of "optimal" cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163:670-5. [PMID: 16410346 PMCID: PMC1444894 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1158] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers is of ever-increasing importance in clinical diagnosis of disease. In practice, a cutpoint is required for dichotomizing naturally continuous biomarker levels to distinguish persons at risk of disease from those who are not. Two methods commonly used for establishing the "optimal" cutpoint are the point on the receiver operating characteristic curve closest to (0,1) and the Youden index, J. Both have sound intuitive interpretations--the point closest to perfect differentiation and the point farthest from none, respectively--and are generalizable to weighted sensitivity and specificity. Under the same weighting of sensitivity and specificity, these two methods identify the same cutpoint as "optimal" in certain situations but different cutpoints in others. In this paper, the authors examine situations in which the two criteria agree or disagree and show that J is the only "optimal" cutpoint for given weighting with respect to overall misclassification rates. A data-driven example is used to clarify and demonstrate the magnitude of the differences. The authors also demonstrate a slight alteration in the (0,1) criterion that retains its intuitive meaning while resulting in consistent agreement with J. In conclusion, the authors urge that great care be taken when establishing a biomarker cutpoint for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Perkins
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC
| | - Enrique F. Schisterman
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
- Corresponding Author: Enrique F. Schisterman, Ph.D., Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 6100 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20852, , Phone: (301) 435-6893, Fax: (301) 402-2084
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Jackson LW, Schisterman EF, Dey-Rao R, Browne R, Armstrong D. Oxidative stress and endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2014-20. [PMID: 15817589 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the aetiology of endometriosis; however, in the presence of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species might increase growth and adhesion of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity, leading to endometriosis and infertility. Within a study investigating persistent organic compounds and endometriosis, the authors evaluated the association between oxidative stress and endometriosis. METHODS Women aged 18-40 years who were undergoing laparoscopy were contacted to participate in the study (n = 100); 84 were eligible and agreed to be interviewed; 78 provided blood specimens. Four markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were measured in serum for 61 women. Multiple imputation of missing data was used to generate values for the missing oxidative stress data. RESULTS Thirty-two women had visually confirmed endometriosis at laparoscopy while 52 did not, including 22 undergoing tubal ligation and 30 with idiopathic infertility. There was a weak association between thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (nmol/ml) and endometriosis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking, hormone use in the past 12 months, gravidity, serum vitamin E, serum estradiol, and total serum lipids (beta = 1.18; 95% CI-0.04, 2.39). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that oxidative stress might play a role in the development and progression of endometriosis, which should be evaluated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Jackson
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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