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Wang J, Li K, Hao D, Li X, Zhu Y, Yu H, Chen H. Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e744. [PMID: 39314887 PMCID: PMC11417429 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by extensive alterations of cellular fate and function and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to lung tissue scarring and impaired respiratory function. Although our understanding of its pathogenesis has increased, effective treatments remain scarce, and fibrotic progression is a major cause of mortality. Recent research has identified various etiological factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors, which contribute to the onset and progression of PF. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms by which these factors interact to drive fibrosis are not yet fully elucidated. This review thoroughly examines the diverse etiological factors, cellular and molecular mechanisms, and key signaling pathways involved in PF, such as TGF-β, WNT/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. It also discusses current therapeutic strategies, including antifibrotic agents like pirfenidone and nintedanib, and explores emerging treatments targeting fibrosis and cellular senescence. Emphasizing the need for omni-target approaches to overcome the limitations of current therapies, this review integrates recent findings to enhance our understanding of PF and contribute to the development of more effective prevention and management strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of TuberculosisHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin Institute of Respiratory DiseasesTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of TuberculosisHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - De Hao
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of TuberculosisHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNankai University Affiliated Third Central HospitalTianjinChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Third Central Hospital of TianjinTianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical DiseasesArtificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of TianjinTianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary DiseaseTianjinChina
| | - Hongzhi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of TuberculosisHaihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin Institute of Respiratory DiseasesTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe HospitalTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
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Zheng D, Guo J, Liang Z, Jin Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Qi C, Shi K, Xie L, Zhu M, Wang L, Hu Z, Yang Z, Liu Q, Li X, Ning W, Gao J. Supramolecular Nanofibers Ameliorate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401327. [PMID: 38725147 PMCID: PMC11267363 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease, with limited therapeutic options available. Impaired autophagy resulting from aberrant TRB3/p62 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) contributes to the progression of IPF. Restoration of autophagy by modulating the TRB3/p62 PPIs has rarely been reported for the treatment of IPF. Herein, peptide nanofibers are developed that specifically bind to TRB3 protein and explored their potential as a therapeutic approach for IPF. By conjugating with the self-assembling fragment (Ac-GFFY), a TRB3-binding peptide motif A2 allows for the formation of nanofibers with a stable α-helix secondary structure. The resulting peptide (Ac-GFFY-A2) nanofibers exhibit specific high-affinity binding to TRB3 protein in saline buffer and better capacity of cellular uptake to A2 peptide. Furthermore, the TRB3-targeting peptide nanofibers efficiently interfere with the aberrant TRB3/p62 PPIs in activated fibroblasts and fibrotic lung tissue of mice, thereby restoring autophagy dysfunction. The TRB3-targeting peptide nanofibers inhibit myofibroblast differentiation, collagen production, and fibroblast migration in vitro is demonstrated, as well as bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. This study provides a supramolecular method to modulate PPIs and highlights a promising strategy for treating IPF diseases by restoring autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jiasen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jingfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Limin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of UrologyTianjin First Central HospitalTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
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Chen X, Lin X, Xu L, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang C, Xie B. Dynamic changes in autophagy activity in different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220860. [PMID: 38840894 PMCID: PMC11151390 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to observe the changes in autophagy activities in lung tissues of mice with different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and explore the association between PF and autophagy activity. The PF model was established by bleomycin (BLM, 25 and 35 mg/kg) atomization inhalation in C57BL/6 mice, samples were collected on the 7, 14, and 28 days after BLM administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Masson staining was utilized to assess areas of blue collagen fiber deposition in lung tissues. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes, including Atg5, Atg7, and Atg10 in lung tissues. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of autophagy-related genes, including p62 and LC3II/LC3I in lung tissues. Compared with control group, BLM dose-dependently decreased PaO2, mRNA expressions of Atg5, Atg7, Atg10, and LC3II/LC3I, while increased lung wet weight, lung coefficient, PF score, the blue area of collagen fibers, and p62 protein on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days. In conclusion, the more severe the PF induced by BLM, the lower the autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350009, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Lihuan Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350009, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350009, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
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Sun Z, Ji Z, Meng H, He W, Li B, Pan X, Zhou Y, Yu G. Lactate facilitated mitochondrial fission-derived ROS to promote pulmonary fibrosis via ERK/DRP-1 signaling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:479. [PMID: 38773615 PMCID: PMC11106888 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung diseases, which mainly existed in middle-aged and elderly people. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common characteristic of IPF. Previous research also shown that lactate levels can be abnormally elevated in IPF patients. Emerging evidence suggested a relationship between lactate and ROS in IPF which needs further elucidation. In this article, we utilized a mouse model of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis to detect alterations in ROS levels and other indicators associated with fibrosis. Lactate could induce mitochondrial fragmentation by modulating expression and activity of DRP1 and ERK. Moreover, Increased ROS promoted P65 translocation into nucleus, leading to expression of lung fibrotic markers. Finally, Ulixertinib, Mdivi-1 and Mito-TEMPO, which were inhibitor activity of ERK, DRP1 and mtROS, respectively, could effectively prevented mitochondrial damage and production of ROS and eventually alleviate pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these findings suggested that lactate could promote lung fibrosis by increasing mitochondrial fission-derived ROS via ERK/DRP1 signaling, which may provide novel therapeutic solutions for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China.
| | - Zhihua Ji
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China
| | - Huiwen Meng
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China
| | - Wanyu He
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan, China.
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Huang K, Zhang Q, Ruan H, Guo C, Wu S, Liu Q, Zhang D, Long S, Wang W, Wu Z, Tian L, Gao S, Zhao H, Gu X, Yin H, Yang C. Pazopanib attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β1 signaling pathway. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:2244-2258. [PMID: 38738240 PMCID: PMC11087596 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease with a high mortality rate and limited treatment efficacy. Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is clinically used to treat pulmonary fibrosis. At present, only nintedanib is on the market for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Pazopanib is a drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Methods In this study, we explored whether pazopanib can attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explored its antifibrotic mechanism. In vivo and in vitro investigations were carried out to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of pazopanib in pulmonary fibrosis. Results In vivo experiments showed that pazopanib can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis caused by BLM, reduce the degree of collagen deposition and improve lung function. In vitro experiments showed that pazopanib suppressed transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast activation and promoted apoptosis and autophagy in myofibroblasts. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that pazopanib inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways during fibroblast activation. Conclusions In conclusion, pazopanib attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Pazopanib inhibits myofibroblast activation, migration, autophagy, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) buildup by downregulating the TGF-β1/Smad signal route and the TGF-β1/non-Smad signal pathway. It has the same target as nintedanib and is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shida Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyan Gao
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Huanan Zhao
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijun Yin
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Mohanan A, Washimkar KR, Mugale MN. Unraveling the interplay between vital organelle stress and oxidative stress in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119676. [PMID: 38242330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to irreversible fibrosis. Emerging evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial stress, and oxidative stress pathways play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of IPF. ER stress occurs when the protein folding capacity of the ER is overwhelmed, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) and contributing to protein misfolding and cellular stress in IPF. Concurrently, mitochondrial dysfunction involving dysregulation of key regulators, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and impairs cellular energy metabolism. This leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, release of pro-fibrotic mediators, and activation of fibrotic pathways, exacerbating IPF progression. The UPR-induced ER stress further disrupts mitochondrial metabolism, resulting in altered mitochondrial mechanisms that increase the generation of ROS, resulting in further ER stress, creating a feedback loop that contributes to the progression of IPF. Oxidative stress also plays a pivotal role in IPF, as ROS-mediated activation of TGF-β, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways promotes inflammation and fibrotic responses. This review mainly focuses on the links between ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and oxidative stress with different signaling pathways involved in IPF. Understanding these mechanisms and targeting key molecules within these pathways may offer promising avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Mohanan
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Salminen A. AMPK signaling inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts: impact on age-related tissue fibrosis and degeneration. Biogerontology 2024; 25:83-106. [PMID: 37917219 PMCID: PMC10794430 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an accumulation of fibrotic lesions within tissues are two of the distinctive hallmarks of the aging process. Tissue fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which display an impressive plasticity in the regulation of ECM integrity and thus on tissue homeostasis. Single-cell transcriptome studies have revealed that tissue fibroblasts exhibit a remarkable heterogeneity with aging and in age-related diseases. Excessive stress and inflammatory insults induce the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which are fusiform contractile cells and abundantly secrete the components of the ECM and proteolytic enzymes as well as many inflammatory mediators. Detrimental stresses can also induce the transdifferentiation of certain mesenchymal and myeloid cells into myofibroblasts. Interestingly, many age-related stresses, such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, ECM stiffness, inflammatory mediators, telomere shortening, and several alarmins from damaged cells are potent inducers of myofibroblast differentiation. Intriguingly, there is convincing evidence that the signaling pathways stimulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are potent inhibitors of myofibroblast differentiation and accordingly AMPK signaling reduces fibrotic lesions within tissues, e.g., in age-related cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. AMPK signaling is not only an important regulator of energy metabolism but it is also able to control cell fate determination and many functions of the immune system. It is known that AMPK signaling can delay the aging process via an integrated signaling network. AMPK signaling inhibits myofibroblast differentiation, e.g., by suppressing signaling through the TGF-β, NF-κB, STAT3, and YAP/TAZ pathways. It seems that AMPK signaling can alleviate age-related tissue fibrosis and degeneration by inhibiting the differentiation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Chakraborty A, Kim A, AlAbdullatif S, Campbell JD, Alekseyev YO, Kaplan U, Dambal V, Ligresti G, Trojanowska M. Endothelial Erg Regulates Expression of Pulmonary Lymphatic Junctional and Inflammation Genes in Mouse Lungs Impacting Lymphatic Transport. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3808970. [PMID: 38343832 PMCID: PMC10854286 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3808970/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The ETS transcription factor ERG is a master regulator of endothelial gene specificity and highly enriched in the capillary, vein, and arterial endothelial cells. ERG expression is critical for endothelial barrier function, permeability, and vascular inflammation. A dysfunctional vascular endothelial ERG has been shown to impair lung capillary homeostasis, contributing to pulmonary fibrosis as previously observed in IPF lungs. Our preliminary observations indicate that lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in the human IPF lung also lack ERG. To understand the role of ERG in pulmonary LECs, we developed LEC-specific inducible Erg-CKO and Erg-GFP-CKO conditional knockout (CKO) mice under Prox1 promoter. Whole lung microarray analysis, flow cytometry, and qPCR confirmed an inflammatory and pro-lymphvasculogenic predisposition in Erg-CKO lung. FITC-Dextran tracing analysis showed an increased pulmonary interstitial lymphatic fluid transport from the lung to the axial lymph node. Single-cell transcriptomics confirmed that genes associated with cell junction integrity were downregulated in Erg-CKO pre-collector and collector LECs. Integrating Single-cell transcriptomics and CellChatDB helped identify LEC specific communication pathways contributing to pulmonary inflammation, trans-endothelial migration, inflammation, and Endo-MT in Erg-CKO lung. Our findings suggest that downregulation of lymphatic Erg crucially affects LEC function, LEC permeability, pulmonary LEC communication pathways and lymphatic transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Kim
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salam AlAbdullatif
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy O Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulas Kaplan
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vrinda Dambal
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Balaha MF, Alamer AA, Aldossari RM, Aodah AH, Helal AI, Kabel AM. Amentoflavone Mitigates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity: Involvement of -SIRT-1/Nrf2/Keap1 Axis, JAK-2/STAT-3 Signaling, and Apoptosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2119. [PMID: 38138222 PMCID: PMC10744450 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent that is used for the management of various types of malignancies and as an immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of immunological disorders. However, its use is limited by its potential to cause a wide range of pulmonary toxicities. Amentoflavone (AMV) is a flavonoid that had proven efficacy in the treatment of disease states in which oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis may play a pathophysiologic role. This study investigated the potential ameliorative effects of the different doses of AMV on CPA-induced pulmonary toxicity, with special emphasis on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-modulating effects. Materials and methods: In a rat model of CPA-induced pulmonary toxicity, the effect of AMV at two dose levels (50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day) was investigated. The total and differential leucocytic counts, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were estimated. Also, the levels of oxidative stress parameters, sirtuin-1, Keap1, Nrf2, JAK2, STAT3, hydroxyproline, matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9, autophagy markers, and the cleaved caspase 3 were assessed in the pulmonary tissues. In addition, the histopathological and electron microscopic changes in the pulmonary tissues were evaluated. Results: AMV dose-dependently ameliorated the pulmonary toxicities induced by CPA via modulation of the SIRT-1/Nrf2/Keap1 axis, mitigation of the inflammatory and fibrotic events, impaction of JAK-2/STAT-3 axis, and modulation of the autophagic and apoptotic signals. Conclusions: AMV may open new horizons towards the mitigation of the pulmonary toxicities induced by CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Balaha
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Alamer
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhussain H. Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza I. Helal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo 11694, Egypt
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10
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Gong H, Lyu X, Liu Y, Peng N, Tan S, Dong L, Zhang X. Eupatilin inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR dependent autophagy pathway. Life Sci 2023; 334:122218. [PMID: 37918625 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic inflammatory disease with poor clinical outcomes and ineffective drug treatment options. Eupatilin is a major component extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Artemisia asiatica Nakai. Notably, it was demonstrated to have an anti-fibrosis effect in endometrial fibrosis, vocal fold, and hepatic fibrosis. Its role and mechanism in IPF remain unclear. METHODS This study used the TGF-β1-induced human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) activation, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real time-PCR, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effects of eupatilin on fibroblast activation, pulmonary fibrosis, and autophagy. The autophagosomes were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was used to determine the signaling pathway and key regulator related to autophagy. RESULTS Eupatilin significantly decreased the expression of Col1A1, fibronectin, α-SMA, and SQSTM1/p62. In contrast, it increased the expression of LC3B II/I and the number of autophagosomes in TGF-β1 treated MRC-5, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model; it also alleviated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The KEGG pathway mapping displayed that PI3K/Akt and Sestrin2 were associated with the enhanced fibrogenic process. Eupatilin suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Akt activator SC-79 abrogated the anti-fibrotic effect of eupatilin. Sestrin2 expression was also downregulated in TGF-β1 treated lung fibroblasts and lung tissues of the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model. Furthermore, eupatilin promoted Sestrin2 expression, and the knockdown of Sestrin2 significantly aggravated the degree of fibrosis, increased the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and decreased autophagy. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that eupatilin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Naling Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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11
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Bonella F, Spagnolo P, Ryerson C. Current and Future Treatment Landscape for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Drugs 2023; 83:1581-1593. [PMID: 37882943 PMCID: PMC10693523 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a disease with poor survival. The pathogenesis is complex and encompasses multiple molecular pathways. The first-generation antifibrotics pirfenidone and nintedanib, approved more than 10 years ago, have been shown to reduce the rate of progression, increase the length of life for patients with IPF, and work for other fibrotic lung diseases. In the last two decades, most clinical trials on IPF have failed to meet the primary endpoint and an urgent unmet need remains to identify agents or treatment strategies that can stop disease progression. The pharmacotherapeutic landscape for IPF is moving forward with a number of new drugs currently in clinical development, mostly in phase I and II trials, while only a few phase III trials are running. Since our understanding of IPF pathogenesis is still limited, we should keep focusing our efforts to deeper understand the mechanisms underlying this complex disease and their reflection on clinical phenotypes. This review discusses the key pathogenetic concepts for the development of new antifibrotic agents, presents the newest data on approved therapies, and summarizes new compounds currently in clinical development. Finally, future directions in antifibrotics development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonella
- Pneumology Department, Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Ruhrlandklinik University Hospital, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular, Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova School of Medicine and Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Chris Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Macias-Ceja DC, Mendoza-Ballesteros MT, Ortega-Albiach M, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Role of the epithelial barrier in intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: relevance of the epithelial-to mesenchymal transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258843. [PMID: 37822869 PMCID: PMC10562728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue damage and remodelling, which can ultimately result in fibrosis. Prolonged injury and inflammation can trigger the activation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As fibrosis progresses, the tissue becomes increasingly stiff and less functional, which can lead to complications such as intestinal strictures, obstructive symptoms, and eventually, organ dysfunction. Epithelial cells play a key role in fibrosis, as they secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Additionally, epithelial cells can undergo a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in which they acquire a more mesenchymal-like phenotype and contribute directly to fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Overall, the interactions between epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts play a critical role in the development and progression of fibrosis in IBD. Understanding these complex interactions may provide new targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat fibrosis in IBD. In this review, we have collected and discussed the recent literature highlighting the contribution of epithelial cells to the pathogenesis of the fibrotic complications of IBD, including evidence of EMT, the epigenetic control of the EMT, the potential influence of the intestinal microbiome in EMT, and the possible therapeutic strategies to target EMT. Finally we discuss the pro-fibrotic interactions epithelial-immune cells and epithelial-fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Zhao X, Wu J, Yuan R, Li Y, Yang Q, Wu B, Zhai X, Wang J, Magalon J, Sabatier F, Daumas A, Zhu WM, Zhu N. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for reverse bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13183. [PMID: 37580529 PMCID: PMC10425426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive respiratory disease. Arguably, the complex interplay between immune cell subsets, coupled with an incomplete understanding of disease pathophysiology, has hindered the development of successful therapies. Despite efforts to understand its pathophysiology and develop effective treatments, IPF remains a fatal disease, necessitating the exploration of new treatment options. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy has shown promise in experimental models of IPF, but further investigation is needed to understand its therapeutic effect. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. First, MSC cells were obtained from mice and characterized using flow cytometry and cell differentiation culture methods. Then adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to endotracheal instillation of bleomycin and concurrently treated with MSCs for reversal models on day 14. Experimental groups were evaluated on days 14, 21, or 28. Additionally, lung fibroblasts challenged with TGF-β1 were treated with MSCs supernatant or MSCs to explore the mechanisms underlying of pulmonary fibrosis reversal. Mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated from mouse adipose tissue and characterized based on their differentiation ability and cell phenotype. The presence of MSCs or their supernatant stimulated the proliferation and migration of lung fibrotic cells. MSCs supernatant reduced lung collagen deposition, improved the Ashcroft score and reduced the gene and protein expression of lung fibrosis-related substances. Bleomycin-challenged mice exhibited severe septal thickening and prominent fibrosis, which was effectively reversed by MSCs treatment. MSC supernatant could suppress the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and supernatant promotes fibroblast autophagy. In summary, this study demonstrates that MSCs supernatant treatment is as effective as MSCs in revert the core features of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The current study has demonstrated that MSCs supernatant alleviates the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. In vitro experiments further reveal that MSC supernatant could suppress the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway to inhibit the TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation, and promotes fibroblast autophagy by Regulating p62 expression. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic application of MSCs in cell therapy medicine for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ruoyue Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Quyang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Daumas
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Winston M Zhu
- Oxford Medical School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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14
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Macias-Ceja DC, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Autophagy in intestinal fibrosis: relevance in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170436. [PMID: 37397491 PMCID: PMC10307973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with fibrotic disorders in which an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix is a hallmark. Long-term fibrosis starts with tissue hypofunction and finally ends in organ failure. Intestinal fibrosis is not an exception, and it is a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies have confirmed the link between deregulated autophagy and fibrosis and the presence of common prognostic markers; indeed, both up- and downregulation of autophagy are presumed to be implicated in the progression of fibrosis. A better knowledge of the role of autophagy in fibrosis may lead to it becoming a potential target of antifibrotic therapy. In this review we explore novel advances in the field that highlight the relevance of autophagy in fibrosis, and give special focus to fibrosis in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Zhao T, Wu X, Zhao X, Yao K, Li X, Ni J. Identification and validation of chemokine system-related genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159856. [PMID: 37122736 PMCID: PMC10140527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have demonstrated that chemokines play a vital role in IPF pathogenesis. In the present study, we explored whether the gene signature associated with chemokines could be used as a reliable biological marker for patients with IPF. Methods Chemokine-related differentially expressed genes (CR-DEGs) in IPF and control lung tissue samples were identified using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A chemokine-related signature of the diagnostic model was established using the LASSO-Cox regression. In addition, unsupervised cluster analysis was conducted using consensus-clustering algorithms. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate immune cell infiltration across patient subgroups. Finally, we established a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and a model of fibroblasts treated with TGFβ1. Expression levels of chemokine-related signature genes were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results We established a chemokine-related eleven-gene signature of a diagnostic model consisting of CXCL2, CCRL2, ARRB1, XCL1, GRK5, PPBP, CCL19, CCL13, CCL11, CXCL6, and CXCL13, which could easily distinguish between IPF patients and controls. Additionally, we identified two subtypes of IPF samples based on chemokine-related gene expression. Pulmonary function parameters and stromal scores were significantly higher in subtype 1 than in subtype 2. Several immune cell types, especially plasma cells and macrophages, differ significantly between the two subtypes. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression levels of Cxcl2 and Ccl2 increased considerably in bleomycin-induced mice. Meanwhile, Arrb1, Ccrl2, Grk5, and Ppbp expression was significantly reduced. Furthermore, multiple chemokine-related genes were altered in TGFβ1 or TNFα-induced fibroblast cells. Conclusions A novel chemokine-related eleven-signature of diagnostic model was developed. These genes are potential biomarkers of IPF and may play essential roles in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xuelei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Kecheng Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Jixiang Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
- *Correspondence: Jixiang Ni,
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