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Gołąbek-Grenda A, Olejnik A. In vitro modeling of endometriosis and endometriotic microenvironment - Challenges and recent advances. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110375. [PMID: 35690293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic condition with high prevalence in reproductive age women, defined as the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneum. The ectopic endometrial lesions exist in a unique microenvironment created by the interaction of epithelial, stromal, endothelial, glandular, and immune cell components, dominated by inflammatory, angiogenic, and endocrine signals. Current research is directed at understanding the complex microenvironment of the lesions and its relationship with different endometriosis stages, phenotypes, and disease symptoms and at the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic concepts that minimalize the undesirable side effects of current medical management. Recreating pathophysiological cellular and molecular mechanisms and identifying clinically relevant metrics to assess drug efficacy is a great challenge for the experimental disease models. This review summarizes the complete range of available in vitro experimental systems used in endometriotic studies, which reflect the multifactorial nature of the endometriotic lesion. The article discusses the simplistic in vitro models such as primary endometrial cells and endometriotic cell lines to heterogeneous 2D co-cultures, and recently more common, 3D systems based on self-organization and controlled assembly, both in microfluidic or bioprinting methodologies. Basic research models allow studying fundamental pathological mechanisms by which menstrual endometrium adheres, invades, and establishes lesions in ectopic sites. The advanced endometriosis experimental models address the critical challenges and unsolved problems and provide an approach to drug screening and medicine discovery by mimicking the complicated behaviors of the endometriotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gołąbek-Grenda
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland.
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Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age worldwide. In past decades, a number of in-vitro models have been used to investigate the pathology and therapeutic methods for the treatment of endometriosis. The current review summarized the majority of currently available in-vitro models, which utilize a variety of cell or tissues types, including endometriotic cell lines, primary endometrial stromal cells, endometrial stem cells, endometrial explants, peritoneal explants and immune cells. These cells or tissues are cultured individually, co-cultured in 2D or 3D systems with various matrices or cultured in chicken chorioallantotic membranes and amniotic membranes culture systems. These models are able to represent one or more aspects of the process of endometriosis. These models are helpful and can be used to investigate the development of endometriosis and the underlying mechanisms of this disorder in detail, and help investigators select appropriate models for their experiments. Recently, the new concept of endometriosis as a fibrotic condition will lead research to investigate the differentiation of myofibroblasts and the development of fibrosis in endometriotic lesions, which will increase the development of novel models that can be used to investigate endometriotic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Fan
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Sun H, Lu J, Li B, Chen S, Xiao X, Wang J, Wang J, Wang X. Partial regeneration of uterine horns in rats through adipose-derived stem cell sheets. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:1057-1069. [PMID: 29931041 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe uterine damage and infection lead to intrauterine adhesions, which result in hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea and infertility. Cell sheet engineering has shown great promise in clinical applications. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are emerging as an alternative source of stem cells for cell-based therapies. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of applying ADSCs as seed cells to form scaffold-free cell sheet. Data showed that ADSC sheets expressed higher levels of FGF, Col I, TGFβ, and VEGF than ADSCs in suspension, while increased expression of this gene set was associated with stemness, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. We then investigated the therapeutic effects of 3D ADSCs sheet on regeneration in a rat model. We found that ADSCs were mainly detected in the basal layer of the regenerating endometrium in the cell sheet group at 21 days after transplantation. Additionally, some ADSCs differentiated into stromal-like cells. Moreover, ADSC sheets transplanted into partially excised uteri promoted regeneration of the endometrium cells, muscle cells and stimulated angiogenesis, and also resulted in better pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, ADSC sheet therapy shows considerable promise as a new treatment for severe uterine damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Xifeng Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
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Xu J, Casserly E, Yin Y, Cheng J. A Systematic Review of Growth Hormone in Pain Medicine: From Rodents to Humans. PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 21:21-31. [PMID: 30615177 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Growth hormone (GH) and GH-related signaling molecules play an important role in nociception and development of chronic pain. This review aims to examine the potential molecular mechanisms through which GH-related signaling modulates sensory hypersensitivity in rodents, the clinical pharmacology of GH, and the clinical evidence of GH treatment for several common pain syndromes.
Methods
A search was conducted using the PUBMED/MEDLINE database, Scopus, and the Cochrane library for all reports published in English on GH in pain management from inception through May 2018. A critical review was performed on the mechanisms of GH-related signaling and the pharmacology of GH. The levels of clinical evidence and implications for recommendations of all of the included studies were graded.
Results
The search yielded 379 articles, of which 201 articles were deemed irrelevant by reading the titles. There were 53 reports deemed relevant after reading abstracts. All of these 53 articles were retrieved for the analysis and discussion.
Conclusions
Dysfunction of the GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/ghrelin axis was linked to hyperalgesia and several common clinical pain syndromes. Low levels of GH and IGF-1 were linked to pain hypersensitivity, whereas ghrelin appeared to provide analgesic effects. Pretreatment of GH reversed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in an animal model of inflammatory pain. Clinical trials support GH treatment in a subgroup of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (level of evidence: 1B+) or chronic lower back pain syndrome (level of evidence: 2C+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit human experimental cancers in vivo by down-regulating receptors for GHRH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12028-12033. [PMID: 30373845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813375115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) agonist MR409 on various human cancer cells were investigated. In H446 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and HCC827 and H460 (non-SCLC) cells, MR409 promoted cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and induced the production of cellular cAMP in vitro. Western blot analyses showed that treatment of cancer cells with MR409 up-regulated the expression of cyclins D1 and D2 and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, down-regulated p27kip1, and significantly increased the expression of the pituitary-type GHRH receptor (pGHRH-R) and its splice-variant (SV1). Hence, in vitro MR409 exerts agonistic action on lung cancer cells in contrast to GHRH antagonists. However, in vivo, MR409 inhibited growth of lung cancers xenografted into nude mice. MR409 given s.c. at 5 μg/day for 4 to 8 weeks significantly suppressed growth of HCC827, H460, and H446 tumors by 48.2%, 48.7%, and 65.6%, respectively. This inhibition of tumor growth by MR409 was accompanied by the down-regulation of the expression of pGHRH-R and SV1 in the pituitary gland and tumors. Tumor inhibitory effects of MR409 in vivo were also observed in other human cancers, including gastric, pancreatic, urothelial, prostatic, mammary, and colorectal. This inhibition of tumor growth parallel to the down-regulation of GHRH-Rs is similar and comparable to the suppression of sex hormone-dependent cancers after the down-regulation of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) by LHRH agonists. Further oncological investigations with GHRH agonists are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Stewart TS, Nagesetti A, Guduru R, Liang P, Stimphil E, Hadjikhani A, Salgueiro L, Horstmyer J, Cai R, Schally A, Khizroev S. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles for delivery of antitumor peptides into glioblastoma cells by magnetic fields. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:423-438. [PMID: 29345190 PMCID: PMC5810849 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We studied externally controlled anticancer effects of binding tumor growth inhibiting synthetic peptides to magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) on treatment of glioblastomas. METHODS Hydrothermally synthesized 30-nm MENs had the core-shell composition of CoFe2O4@BaTiO3. Molecules of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist of the MIA class (MIA690) were chemically bound to MENs. In vitro experiments utilized human glioblastoma cells (U-87MG) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS The studies demonstrated externally controlled high-efficacy binding of MIA690 to MENs, targeted specificity to glioblastoma cells and on-demand release of the peptide by application of d.c. and a.c. magnetic fields, respectively. CONCLUSION The results support the use of MENs as an effective drug delivery carrier for growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists in the treatment of human glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie S Stewart
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Nano Science & Technology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Abhignyan Nagesetti
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rakesh Guduru
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ping Liang
- Cellular Nanomed, Coral Springs, FL, USA
| | - Emmanuel Stimphil
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali Hadjikhani
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Luis Salgueiro
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Renzhi Cai
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Brain Center, Miami, FL, USA
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