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Reiter T, Schoedel R. Never miss a beep: Using mobile sensing to investigate (non-)compliance in experience sampling studies. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:4038-4060. [PMID: 37932624 PMCID: PMC11133120 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing number of studies in various disciplines using experience sampling methods, it is important to examine compliance biases because related patterns of missing data could affect the validity of research findings. In the present study, a sample of 592 participants and more than 25,000 observations were used to examine whether participants responded to each specific questionnaire within an experience sampling framework. More than 400 variables from the three categories of person, behavior, and context, collected multi-methodologically via traditional surveys, experience sampling, and mobile sensing, served as predictors. When comparing different linear (logistic and elastic net regression) and non-linear (random forest) machine learning models, we found indication for compliance bias: response behavior was successfully predicted. Follow-up analyses revealed that study-related past behavior, such as previous average experience sampling questionnaire response rate, was most informative for predicting compliance, followed by physical context variables, such as being at home or at work. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for the design of experience sampling studies in applied research and future directions in methodological research addressing experience sampling methodology and missing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reiter
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ramona Schoedel
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
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Howard AL, Lamb M. Compliance Trends in a 14-Week Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Undergraduate Alcohol Drinkers. Assessment 2024; 31:277-290. [PMID: 36914966 PMCID: PMC10822069 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231159937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
High compliance is a priority for successful ecological momentary assessment (EMA) research, but meta-analyses of between-study differences show that reasons for missed prompts remain unclear. We examined compliance data from a 14-week, 182-survey EMA study of undergraduate alcohol use to test differences over time and across survey types between participants with better and worse compliance rates, and to evaluate the impact of incentives on ongoing participation. Participants were N = 196 students (65.8% female; Mage = 20.6). Overall compliance was 76.5%, declining gradually from 88.9% to 70% over 14 weeks. Declines were faster in participants with lower overall compliance, but we found no demographic, personality, mental health, or substance use differences between participants with better versus worse compliance rates. Compliance varied by survey type, and unannounced bonus incentives did not impact compliance rates. Participants completed fewer surveys the week after winning a gift card. We offer recommendations for designing future EMA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Lamb
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wilton AR, Sheffield K, Wilkes Q, Chesak S, Pacyna J, Sharp R, Croarkin PE, Chauhan M, Dyrbye LN, Bobo WV, Athreya AP. The Burnout PRedictiOn Using Wearable aNd ArtIficial IntelligEnce (BROWNIE) study: a decentralized digital health protocol to predict burnout in registered nurses. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:114. [PMID: 38347557 PMCID: PMC10863108 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When job demand exceeds job resources, burnout occurs. Burnout in healthcare workers extends beyond negatively affecting their functioning and physical and mental health; it also has been associated with poor medical outcomes for patients. Data-driven technology holds promise for the prediction of occupational burnout before it occurs. Early warning signs of burnout would facilitate preemptive institutional responses for preventing individual, organizational, and public health consequences of occupational burnout. This protocol describes the design and methodology for the decentralized Burnout PRedictiOn Using Wearable aNd ArtIficial IntelligEnce (BROWNIE) Study. This study aims to develop predictive models of occupational burnout and estimate burnout-associated costs using consumer-grade wearable smartwatches and systems-level data. METHODS A total of 360 registered nurses (RNs) will be recruited in 3 cohorts. These cohorts will serve as training, testing, and validation datasets for developing predictive models. Subjects will consent to one year of participation, including the daily use of a commodity smartwatch that collects heart rate, step count, and sleep data. Subjects will also complete online baseline and quarterly surveys assessing psychological, workplace, and sociodemographic factors. Routine administrative systems-level data on nursing care outcomes will be abstracted weekly. DISCUSSION The BROWNIE study was designed to be decentralized and asynchronous to minimize any additional burden on RNs and to ensure that night shift RNs would have equal accessibility to study resources and procedures. The protocol employs novel engagement strategies with participants to maintain compliance and reduce attrition to address the historical challenges of research using wearable devices. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05481138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Wilton
- Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Quantia Wilkes
- Division of Nursing Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sherry Chesak
- Division of Nursing Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Dept. of Nursing, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joel Pacyna
- Dept. of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard Sharp
- Dept. of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Mohit Chauhan
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 4315 Pablo Oaks Ct, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Liselotte N Dyrbye
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William V Bobo
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 4315 Pablo Oaks Ct, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Arjun P Athreya
- Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
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Gopalakrishnan A, Venkataraman R, Gururajan R, Zhou X, Genrich R. Mobile phone enabled mental health monitoring to enhance diagnosis for severity assessment of behaviours: a review. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e1042. [PMID: 36092018 PMCID: PMC9455148 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mental health issues are a serious consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, influencing about 700 million people worldwide. These physiological issues need to be consistently observed on the people through non-invasive devices such as smartphones, and fitness bands in order to remove the burden of having the conciseness of continuously being monitored. On the other hand, technological improvements have enhanced the abilities and roles of conventional mobile phones from simple communication to observations and improved accessibility in terms of size and price may reflect growing familiarity with the smartphone among a vast number of consumers. As a result of continuous monitoring, together with various embedded sensors in mobile phones, raw data can be converted into useful information about the actions and behaviors of the consumers. Thus, the aim of this comprehensive work concentrates on the literature work done so far in the prediction of mental health issues via passive monitoring data from smartphones. This study also explores the way users interact with such self-monitoring technologies and what challenges they might face. We searched several electronic databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Libraries, Soups, APA PsycInfo, and Mendeley Data) for published studies that are relevant to focus on the topic and English language proficiency from January 2015 to December 2020. We identified 943 articles, of which 115 articles were eligible for this scoping review based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria carried out manually. These studies provided various works regarding smartphones for health monitoring such as Physical activity (26.0 percent; 30/115), Mental health analysis (27.8 percent; 32/115), Student specific monitoring (15.6 percent; 18/115) are the three analyses carried out predominantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Networking and Communications, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Revathi Venkataraman
- Department of Networking and Communications, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Raj Gururajan
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Xujuan Zhou
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Rohan Genrich
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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Qirtas MM, Zafeiridi E, Pesch D, White EB. Loneliness and Social Isolation Detection Using Passive Sensing Techniques: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e34638. [PMID: 35412465 PMCID: PMC9044142 DOI: 10.2196/34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation are associated with multiple health problems, including depression, functional impairment, and death. Mobile sensing using smartphones and wearable devices, such as fitness trackers or smartwatches, as well as ambient sensors, can be used to acquire data remotely on individuals and their daily routines and behaviors in real time. This has opened new possibilities for the early detection of health and social problems, including loneliness and social isolation. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize recent scientific studies that used passive sensing techniques, such as the use of in-home ambient sensors, smartphones, and wearable device sensors, to collect data on device users' daily routines and behaviors to detect loneliness or social isolation. This review also aimed to examine various aspects of these studies, especially target populations, privacy, and validation issues. METHODS A scoping review was undertaken, following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Studies on the topic under investigation were identified through 6 databases (IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ACM, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase). The identified studies were screened for the type of passive sensing detection methods for loneliness and social isolation, targeted population, reliability of the detection systems, challenges, and limitations of these detection systems. RESULTS After conducting the initial search, a total of 40,071 papers were identified. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 (0.07%) studies were included in this scoping review. Most studies (20/29, 69%) used smartphone and wearable technology to detect loneliness or social isolation, and 72% (21/29) of the studies used a validated reference standard to assess the accuracy of passively collected data for detecting loneliness or social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Despite the growing use of passive sensing technologies for detecting loneliness and social isolation, some substantial gaps still remain in this domain. A population heterogeneity issue exists among several studies, indicating that different demographic characteristics, such as age and differences in participants' behaviors, can affect loneliness and social isolation. In addition, despite extensive personal data collection, relatively few studies have addressed privacy and ethical issues. This review provides uncertain evidence regarding the use of passive sensing to detect loneliness and social isolation. Future research is needed using robust study designs, measures, and examinations of privacy and ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Muhammad Qirtas
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Evi Zafeiridi
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dirk Pesch
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Bantry White
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Martinez GJ, Mattingly SM, Robles-Granda P, Saha K, Sirigiri A, Young J, Chawla N, De Choudhury M, D'Mello S, Mark G, Striegel A. Predicting Participant Compliance With Fitness Tracker Wearing and Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocols in Information Workers: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e22218. [PMID: 34766911 PMCID: PMC8663716 DOI: 10.2196/22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies that use ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) or wearable sensors to track numerous attributes, such as physical activity, sleep, and heart rate, can benefit from reductions in missing data. Maximizing compliance is one method of reducing missing data to increase the return on the heavy investment of time and money into large-scale studies. Objective This paper aims to identify the extent to which compliance can be prospectively predicted from individual attributes and initial compliance. Methods We instrumented 757 information workers with fitness trackers for 1 year and conducted EMAs in the first 56 days of study participation as part of an observational study. Their compliance with the EMA and fitness tracker wearing protocols was analyzed. Overall, 31 individual characteristics (eg, demographics and personalities) and behavioral variables (eg, early compliance and study portal use) were considered, and 14 variables were selected to create beta regression models for predicting compliance with EMAs 56 days out and wearable compliance 1 year out. We surveyed study participation and correlated the results with compliance. Results Our modeling indicates that 16% and 25% of the variance in EMA compliance and wearable compliance, respectively, could be explained through a survey of demographics and personality in a held-out sample. The likelihood of higher EMA and wearable compliance was associated with being older (EMA: odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; wearable: OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04), speaking English as a first language (EMA: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.80; wearable: OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.85), having had a wearable before joining the study (EMA: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51; wearable: OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.23-1.83), and exhibiting conscientiousness (EMA: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51; wearable: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58). Compliance was negatively associated with exhibiting extraversion (EMA: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.85; wearable: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57-0.78) and having a supervisory role (EMA: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.79; wearable: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.54-0.81). Furthermore, higher wearable compliance was negatively associated with agreeableness (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.83) and neuroticism (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.98). Compliance in the second week of the study could help explain more variance; 62% and 66% of the variance in EMA compliance and wearable compliance, respectively, was explained. Finally, compliance correlated with participants’ self-reflection on the ease of participation, usefulness of our compliance portal, timely resolution of issues, and compensation adequacy, suggesting that these are avenues for improving compliance. Conclusions We recommend conducting an initial 2-week pilot to measure trait-like compliance and identify participants at risk of long-term noncompliance, performing oversampling based on participants’ individual characteristics to avoid introducing bias in the sample when excluding data based on noncompliance, using an issue tracking portal, and providing special care in troubleshooting to help participants maintain compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo J Martinez
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Stephen M Mattingly
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Pablo Robles-Granda
- Thomas M Siebel Center for Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Koustuv Saha
- Microsoft Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anusha Sirigiri
- Indian School of Business Gachibowli, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Jessica Young
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Munmun De Choudhury
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sidney D'Mello
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Gloria Mark
- Informatics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Striegel
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Wu C, Fritz H, Bastami S, Maestre JP, Thomaz E, Julien C, Castelli DM, de Barbaro K, Bearman SK, Harari GM, Cameron Craddock R, Kinney KA, Gosling SD, Schnyer DM, Nagy Z. Multi-modal data collection for measuring health, behavior, and living environment of large-scale participant cohorts. Gigascience 2021; 10:giab044. [PMID: 34155505 PMCID: PMC8216865 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mobile technologies become ever more sensor-rich, portable, and ubiquitous, data captured by smart devices are lending rich insights into users' daily lives with unprecedented comprehensiveness and ecological validity. A number of human-subject studies have been conducted to examine the use of mobile sensing to uncover individual behavioral patterns and health outcomes, yet minimal attention has been placed on measuring living environments together with other human-centered sensing data. Moreover, the participant sample size in most existing studies falls well below a few hundred, leaving questions open about the reliability of findings on the relations between mobile sensing signals and human outcomes. RESULTS To address these limitations, we developed a home environment sensor kit for continuous indoor air quality tracking and deployed it in conjunction with smartphones, Fitbits, and ecological momentary assessments in a cohort study of up to 1,584 college student participants per data type for 3 weeks. We propose a conceptual framework that systematically organizes human-centric data modalities by their temporal coverage and spatial freedom. Then we report our study procedure, technologies and methods deployed, and descriptive statistics of the collected data that reflect the participants' mood, sleep, behavior, and living environment. CONCLUSIONS We were able to collect from a large participant cohort satisfactorily complete multi-modal sensing and survey data in terms of both data continuity and participant adherence. Our novel data and conceptual development provide important guidance for data collection and hypothesis generation in future human-centered sensing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Hagen Fritz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Sepehr Bastami
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Juan P Maestre
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Edison Thomaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Christine Julien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Darla M Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Kaya de Barbaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Sarah Kate Bearman
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Gabriella M Harari
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - R Cameron Craddock
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Kerry A Kinney
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Samuel D Gosling
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - David M Schnyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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Wetzel B, Pryss R, Baumeister H, Edler JS, Gonçalves ASO, Cohrdes C. "How Come You Don't Call Me?" Smartphone Communication App Usage as an Indicator of Loneliness and Social Well-Being across the Adult Lifespan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6212. [PMID: 34201322 PMCID: PMC8227237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness and lack of social well-being are associated with adverse health outcomes and have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Smartphone communication data have been suggested to help monitor loneliness, but this requires further evidence. We investigated the informative value of smartphone communication app data for predicting subjective loneliness and social well-being in a sample of 364 participants ranging from 18 to 78 years of age (52.2% female; mean age = 42.54, SD = 13.22) derived from the CORONA HEALTH APP study from July to December 2020 in Germany. The participants experienced relatively high levels of loneliness and low social well-being during the time period characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from positive associations with phone call use times, smartphone communication app use was associated with social well-being and loneliness only when considering the age of participants. Younger participants with higher use times tended to report less social well-being and higher loneliness, while the opposite association was found for older adults. Thus, the informative value of smartphone communication use time was rather small and became evident only in consideration of age. The results highlight the need for further investigations and the need to address several limitations in order to draw conclusions at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Wetzel
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany; (B.W.); (J.-S.E.)
| | - Rüdiger Pryss
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Johanna-Sophie Edler
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany; (B.W.); (J.-S.E.)
| | | | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany; (B.W.); (J.-S.E.)
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Kim HN, Seo K. Smartphone-Based Health Program for Improving Physical Activity and Tackling Obesity for Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010015. [PMID: 31861359 PMCID: PMC6982141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The need for physical activity for health promotion is recognized, yet young adults still perform insufficient physical activity. Smartphone health programs can be applied easily without time and space constraints, and various mobile health programs based on smartphone applications have recently been developed and applied. This study aimed to measure the effects of mobile smartphone-based health programs on physical activity and obesity outcomes in young adults through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched publications in English through electronic databases up to May 2019. Studies were included that provided interventions to improve physical activity using smartphone applications for young adults. After assessing study quality, data were extracted and synthesized concerning whether smartphone interventions affect health outcomes including physical activity and weight using Meta-Analysis software. Four randomized controlled studies and a quasi-experimental study were analyzed. They provided information related to health management, diet, physical activity, and personalized feedback using smartphone applications. The meta-analysis showed that smartphone-based health interventions significantly affect weight loss and increase physical activity. This study provides modest evidence for using smartphone health programs to improve young adults’ physical activity, weight control, and body mass index (BMI). Future research is needed to understand long-term effects and the reliability of increasing physical activity through smartphone health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea;
| | - Kyoungsan Seo
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-229-8353
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10
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Harari GM. A process-oriented approach to respecting privacy in the context of mobile phone tracking. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 31:141-147. [PMID: 31693976 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mobile phone tracking poses challenges to individual privacy because a phone's sensor data and metadata logs can reveal behavioral, contextual, and psychological information about the individual who uses the phone. Here, I argue for a process-oriented approach to respecting individual privacy in the context of mobile phone tracking by treating informed consent as a process, not a mouse click. This process-oriented approach allows individuals to exercise their privacy preferences and requires the design of self-tracking systems that facilitate transparency, opt-in default settings, and individual control over personal data, especially with regard to: (1) what kinds of personal data are being collected and (2) how the data are being used and shared. In sum, I argue for the development of self-tracking systems that put individual user privacy and control at their core, while enabling people to harness their personal data for self-insight and behavior change. This approach to mobile phone privacy is a radical departure from current standard data practices and has implications for a wide range of stakeholders, including individual users, researchers, and corporations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Harari
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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11
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Trifan A, Oliveira M, Oliveira JL. Passive Sensing of Health Outcomes Through Smartphones: Systematic Review of Current Solutions and Possible Limitations. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12649. [PMID: 31444874 PMCID: PMC6729117 DOI: 10.2196/12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advancements, together with the decrease in both price and size of a large variety of sensors, has expanded the role and capabilities of regular mobile phones, turning them into powerful yet ubiquitous monitoring systems. At present, smartphones have the potential to continuously collect information about the users, monitor their activities and behaviors in real time, and provide them with feedback and recommendations. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to identify recent scientific studies that explored the passive use of smartphones for generating health- and well-being-related outcomes. In addition, it explores users' engagement and possible challenges in using such self-monitoring systems. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, to identify recent publications that explore the use of smartphones as ubiquitous health monitoring systems. We ran reproducible search queries on PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus online databases and aimed to find answers to the following questions: (1) What is the study focus of the selected papers? (2) What smartphone sensing technologies and data are used to gather health-related input? (3) How are the developed systems validated? and (4) What are the limitations and challenges when using such sensing systems? RESULTS Our bibliographic research returned 7404 unique publications. Of these, 118 met the predefined inclusion criteria, which considered publication dates from 2014 onward, English language, and relevance for the topic of this review. The selected papers highlight that smartphones are already being used in multiple health-related scenarios. Of those, physical activity (29.6%; 35/118) and mental health (27.9; 33/118) are 2 of the most studied applications. Accelerometers (57.7%; 67/118) and global positioning systems (GPS; 40.6%; 48/118) are 2 of the most used sensors in smartphones for collecting data from which the health status or well-being of its users can be inferred. CONCLUSIONS One relevant outcome of this systematic review is that although smartphones present many advantages for the passive monitoring of users' health and well-being, there is a lack of correlation between smartphone-generated outcomes and clinical knowledge. Moreover, user engagement and motivation are not always modeled as prerequisites, which directly affects user adherence and full validation of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Trifan
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maryse Oliveira
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Luís Oliveira
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Reeves B, Ram N, Robinson TN, Cummings JJ, Giles CL, Pan J, Chiatti A, Cho MJ, Roehrick K, Yang X, Gagneja A, Brinberg M, Muise D, Lu Y, Luo M, Fitzgerald A, Yeykelis L. Screenomics: A Framework to Capture and Analyze Personal Life Experiences and the Ways that Technology Shapes Them. HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2019; 36:150-201. [PMID: 33867652 PMCID: PMC8045984 DOI: 10.1080/07370024.2019.1578652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digital experiences capture an increasingly large part of life, making them a preferred, if not required, method to describe and theorize about human behavior. Digital media also shape behavior by enabling people to switch between different content easily, and create unique threads of experiences that pass quickly through numerous information categories. Current methods of recording digital experiences provide only partial reconstructions of digital lives that weave - often within seconds - among multiple applications, locations, functions and media. We describe an end-to-end system for capturing and analyzing the "screenome" of life in media, i.e., the record of individual experiences represented as a sequence of screens that people view and interact with over time. The system includes software that collects screenshots, extracts text and images, and allows searching of a screenshot database. We discuss how the system can be used to elaborate current theories about psychological processing of technology, and suggest new theoretical questions that are enabled by multiple time scale analyses. Capabilities of the system are highlighted with eight research examples that analyze screens from adults who have generated data within the system. We end with a discussion of future uses, limitations, theory and privacy.
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13
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Jagadeeswari V, Subramaniyaswamy V, Logesh R, Vijayakumar V. A study on medical Internet of Things and Big Data in personalized healthcare system. Health Inf Sci Syst 2018; 6:14. [PMID: 30279984 PMCID: PMC6146872 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-018-0049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized healthcare systems deliver e-health services to fulfill the medical and assistive needs of the aging population. Internet of Things (IoT) is a significant advancement in the Big Data era, which supports many real-time engineering applications through enhanced services. Analytics over data streams from IoT has become a source of user data for the healthcare systems to discover new information, predict early detection, and makes decision over the critical situation for the improvement of the quality of life. In this paper, we have made a detailed study on the recent emerging technologies in the personalized healthcare systems with the focus towards cloud computing, fog computing, Big Data analytics, IoT and mobile based applications. We have analyzed the challenges in designing a better healthcare system to make early detection and diagnosis of diseases and discussed the possible solutions while providing e-health services in secure manner. This paper poses a light on the rapidly growing needs of the better healthcare systems in real-time and provides possible future work guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Jagadeeswari
- School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - R. Logesh
- School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - V. Vijayakumar
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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14
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Wang W, Harari GM, Wang R, Müller SR, Mirjafari S, Masaba K, Campbell AT. Sensing Behavioral Change over Time. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1145/3264951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits describe individual differences in patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving ("between-person" variability). But individuals also show changes in their own patterns over time ("within-person" variability). Existing approaches to measuring within-person variability typically rely on self-report methods that do not account for fine-grained behavior change patterns (e.g., hour-by-hour). In this paper, we use passive sensing data from mobile phones to examine the extent to which within-person variability in behavioral patterns can predict self-reported personality traits. Data were collected from 646 college students who participated in a self-tracking assignment for 14 days. To measure variability in behavior, we focused on 5 sensed behaviors (ambient audio amplitude, exposure to human voice, physical activity, phone usage, and location data) and computed 4 within-person variability features (simple standard deviation, circadian rhythm, regularity index, and flexible regularity index). We identified a number of significant correlations between the within-person variability features and the self-reported personality traits. Finally, we designed a model to predict the personality traits from the within-person variability features. Our results show that we can predict personality traits with good accuracy. The resulting predictions correlate with self-reported personality traits in the range of r = 0.32, MAE = 0.45 (for Openness in iOS users) to r = 0.69, MAE = 0.55 (for Extraversion in Android users). Our results suggest that within-person variability features from smartphone data has potential for passive personality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Wang
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sandrine R. Müller
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kizito Masaba
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, USA
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