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Mak HWF, Ho SY, Wong JCY, Chiang V, Lee E, Yim JSH, Wong BYH, Li PH. Clinical utility of and correlation between Sniffin' Sticks and TIB smell identification test (TIBSIT) among Hong Kong Chinese with or without chronic rhinosinusitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1292342. [PMID: 38332895 PMCID: PMC10847303 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1292342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Validated and culturally specific tests, such as the "Sniffin' Sticks" test (SST) and the TIB Smell Identification Test (TIBSIT), are crucial for the diagnosis and monitoring of OD. However, they have not been utilised in Hong Kong Chinese and their correlations are unknown. Methods Twelve CRS patients and twenty healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited from a joint allergy-otorhinolaryngology clinic in Hong Kong and performed both SST and TIBSIT. Demographics, baseline characteristics and all test results were compared and analysed. Results Patients with CRS demonstrated significantly lower test scores than healthy controls (all p < 0.001). Significant and strong correlations were observed between all composite and subtest scores, particularly between the composite SST and TIBSIT scores (ρ = 0.789, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of CRS and increasing age were significantly associated with OD. Conclusion Both SST and TIBSIT are useful olfactory tests and are strongly correlated among Hong Kong Chinese. We advocate that either test can be used for measuring OD among CRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W F Mak
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Yeung Ho
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jane C Y Wong
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valerie Chiang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Lee
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jackie S H Yim
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Birgitta Y H Wong
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip H Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tran TN, Dang THT, Thai TT, Ha ULN, Le HT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen ANT, Vo KCN, Nguyen TV, van Nguyen T, Ly QX, Nguyen KV, Truong D. Normative data for the Vietnamese smell identification test. Clin Park Relat Disord 2023; 9:100222. [PMID: 37868821 PMCID: PMC10589741 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The 12-item Vietnamese smell identification test (VSIT) has been developed to evaluate the olfactory function of the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to investigate the normative value of the VSIT in different age groups and sexes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ho Chi Minh University Medical Center, Vietnam. All participants were evaluated for odor identification ability using the VSIT. We included healthy participants aged 18 years or older with no history of olfactory disturbances. Results A total of 391 healthy volunteers were recruited with a mean age of 45.80 years (SD: 17.62; range: 18-86; female: 63.4 %). The tenth percentile of scores on the 0-12 VSIT scale was 8.3 in participants aged 18-29 years, 9.0 in 30-39 years, 8.0 in 40-49 years, 7.8 in 50-59 years, 7.9 in 60-69 years and 6.0 in over 70 years. Young adults (18-39 years old) had better olfactory identification ability than older adults (over 50 years), p < 0.001. There was a significant main effect of sex on VSIT score (p = 0.02), suggesting that females outperformed males. Sensitivity to 8 odors were negatively correlated with age: lemon, garlic, banana, coffee, mango, guava, apple and watermelon (p < 0.05 in all cases) whereas four odors were age-independent including orange, fish sauce, soy sauce, and fish. Conclusion Normative data provide guidance for assessing individual olfactory function. However, there were significant sex and age effects on olfactory identification scores on the VSIT. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to better adjust for those confounders mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Ngoc Tran
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuong Huyen Thi Dang
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Truc Thanh Thai
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Uyen Le Ngoc Ha
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hien Thi Le
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Thu Thi Nguyen
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Thi Nguyen
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Ngoc Thi Nguyen
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Khang Chung Ngoc Vo
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh van Nguyen
- ENT Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Xuan Ly
- ENT Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Khang Vinh Nguyen
- Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Department, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Daniel Truong
- The Parkinson and Movement Disorder Institute, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Huang SK, Hsieh CH, Weng MC, Lai JT, Shen PH. Central Compartment Atopic Disease and Its Surgical Outcomes: Olfactory Changes and Technical Notes. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN ALLERGY AND RHINOLOGY 2023; 14:27534030231217423. [PMID: 38053675 PMCID: PMC10695077 DOI: 10.1177/27534030231217423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) is a recent, novel phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis. Only a few studies have assessed olfactory function in patients with CCAD. Objectives We aimed to investigate olfactory function changes after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in patients with CCAD and proposed some surgical techniques to enhance the postoperative olfactory outcomes in such patients. Design A retrospective cohort study. Methods We collected data from 23 patients (8 men and 15 women) with CCAD who underwent FESS performed by a surgeon in Taiwan, between June 2018 and December 2021. The demographic data, olfactory function, and serum and tissue eosinophil percentages of the included patients were analyzed. The Top International Biotech Smell Identification Test (TIBSIT; Top International Biotech, Taipei, Taiwan) was used to assess olfactory function. Results Of the 23 patients, most (95%) showed a positive reaction to aeroallergens, and 2 patients (8.7%) had asthma. Ten patients (43.5%) had peripheral eosinophilia, and 9 (39%) had eosinophilic nasal polyps. Moreover, the patients presented with variable olfactory dysfunction; the mean preoperative TIBSIT (pr-TIBSIT) score was 12.8 ± 2.3 (range: 0-43), whereas the mean postoperative TIBSIT (po-TIBSIT) score was 29.2 ± 1.9 (range: 16-44). The po-TIBSIT score was significantly better than the pre-TIBSIT score (paired t test, P < .0001). The improvement in olfactory function was not significantly correlated with the patients' age, serum eosinophil percentages, and nasal polyp eosinophil counts. Conclusion Our findings indicate that CCAD is significantly associated with olfactory dysfunction and that FESS can effectively improve olfactory function. To optimize postoperative olfactory outcomes, precise removal of polyps from the olfactory cleft without damaging the neuroepithelium is recommended. Our study provides valuable insights into the management of CCAD patients undergoing FESS and can guide surgical decision-making to achieve optimal olfactory function outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping-Hung Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee Y, Wang H, Yeh T, Yang S, Lin C, Huang P, Wang K, Lai D, Tseng H, Lin Y. Improved nasal recovery and intact olfactory function after a transseptal approach for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal adenomectomy: A retrospective analysis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1695-1703. [PMID: 36544964 PMCID: PMC9764772 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA) is the most frequently performed skull base surgery, and researchers have recently focused on preserving nasal function. The endoscopic transseptal approach is a promising procedure due to its reduced injury to the nasal mucosa; however, there are no studies comparing rhinological and neurosurgical outcomes concurrently with the standard endoscopic transnasal approach. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate whether the transseptal approach could reduce nasal morbidities with comparable neurosurgical outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transseptal TSA for pituitary adenoma without encasement of internal carotid artery from January 2019 to December 2020. Another 25 patients who received transnasal approach from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as controls. Patients with diseases affecting the nasal cavity/olfaction or usage of a nasoseptal flap were excluded for a better comparison of the two procedures. We collected data from radiological studies, endocrine studies, endoscopic evaluations, 22-item sinonasal outcome tests (SNOT-22) and Top International Biotech Smell Identification Test (TIBSIT) for comparison. Results Lower postoperative SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores were observed in the transseptal group. The effect size of differences were classified as large effect (The absolute value of Cohen's d > 0.8). Nevertheless, the TIBSIT scores were not significantly different. The rates of gross total resection, recovery of hormonal abnormalities, and complications were not significantly different. After controlling possible confounding factors using multivariate analysis, the endoscopic transseptal approach remained an independent factor for lower SNOT-22 scores and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores. Conclusions The endoscopic transseptal approach provides improved recovery of nasal mucosa and intact olfaction without compromising neurosurgical outcomes. Level of Evidence 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Hui Lee
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Huan‐Chih Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Te‐Huei Yeh
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Hung Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Feng Lin
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Po‐Hao Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Chuan Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Dar‐Ming Lai
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ham‐Min Tseng
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Tsen Lin
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Lin LJ, Li KY. Comparing the effects of olfactory-based sensory stimulation and board game training on cognition, emotion, and blood biomarkers among individuals with dementia: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1003325. [PMID: 36204759 PMCID: PMC9531625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction can indicate early cognitive decline and is associated with dementia symptoms. We developed an olfactory-based sensory stimulation program and investigated its effects on cognition and emotion, and board game training were used as a comparison. In this parallel design pilot study, 30 participants with mild to moderate dementia were equal randomly assigned to the control (CONT), olfactory stimulation with cognitive training (OS), and board game (BG) groups. Two participants were withdrawn from CONT and OS groups, respectively. The intervention was a 12-week program with one 30-min session twice a week. We employed a blood-based biomarker technique and several cognitive and psychological tests to measure basal and after-intervention values. No significant differences were observed between the groups after intervention, as measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), Top International Biotech Smell Identification Test, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The results showed that the OS group had a lower plasma Tau level than the other groups following intervention, whereas the CONT group had a significantly increased plasma amyloid ß1-42 level. OS participants had a lower concentration ratio of plasma Tau and amyloid Aß1-42 and showed more stable or improved cognition, olfactory function, and mood state. Both the OS and BG groups had a higher percentage of participants with stable or improved cognition and emotion. Taken together, these results suggest that olfactory-based sensory stimulation can be a beneficial intervention for patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure, and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-yi Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kuan-yi Li,
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Jiang RS, Wang JJ, Liang KL, Shih KH. Validation of the local applicability of the 'TIB' Olfactory Test Device in the era of COVID-19. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605211069281. [PMID: 34994243 PMCID: PMC8743949 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211069281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the validity and test–retest reliability of the novel ‘TIB’ Olfactory Test Device (TIB) and to determine its normative values. Methods The study stratified the study subjects into normosmic, hyposmic and anosmic groups according to their olfactory function. The olfactory function of the subjects was evaluated using both the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania of Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-TC) and the TIB. The normosmic group was used to retest with the UPSIT-TC and TIB at an inter-test interval of at least 7 days. The cut-off scores of TIB among the three different groups were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results This study enrolled 180 subjects: 60 in each group. The mean scores of TIB were 44.1 for the normosmic group, 27.5 for the hyposmic group and 10.9 for the anosmic group. The TIB scores were significantly different across the three groups. There was a significant correlation between the first and second TIB tests (r = 0.506). The cut-off scores were 41 for normosmic subjects and 24 for hyposmic subjects. Conclusion The validity and test–retest reliability results suggest that the TIB is an appropriate olfactory test for the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-San Jiang
- Department of Medical Research, 40293Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, 40293Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Centre for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, 40293Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, 40293Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Shih
- Department of Otolaryngology, 40293Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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