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Pryjmaková J, Vokatá B, Šlouf M, Hubáček T, Martínez-García P, Rebollar E, Slepička P, Siegel J. Silver-enriched microdomain patterns as advanced bactericidal coatings for polymer-based medical devices. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114067. [PMID: 38981327 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Today, it would be difficult for us to live a full life without polymers, especially in medicine, where its applicability is constantly expanding, giving satisfactory results without any harm effects on health. This study focused on the formation of hexagonal domains doped with AgNPs using a KrF excimer laser (λ=248 nm) on the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface that acts as an unfailing source of the antibacterial agent - silver. The hexagonal structure was formed with a grid placed in front of the incident laser beam. Surfaces with immobilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were observed by AFM and SEM. Changes in surface chemistry were studied by XPS. To determine the concentration of released Ag+ ions, ICP-MS analysis was used. The antibacterial tests proved the antibacterial efficacy of Ag-doped PEEK composites against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as the most common pathogens. Because AgNPs are also known for their strong toxicity, we also included cytotoxicity tests in this study. The findings presented here contribute to the advancement of materials design in the biomedical field, offering a novel starting point for combating bacterial infections through the innovative integration of AgNPs into inert synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pryjmaková
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Vokatá
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 162 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Hubáček
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, SoWa National Research Infrastructure, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Patricia Martínez-García
- Depto. Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid 28232, Spain; NANOesMAT, UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Las Rozas de Madrid 28232, Spain.
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, IQF-CSIC, Calle de Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Siegel
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
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Hekimoglu M, Akgun MY, Ozer H, Basak AT, Ucar EA, Oktenoglu T, Ates O, Ozer AF. Two-Stage Lumbar Dynamic Stabilization Surgery: A Comprehensive Analysis of Screw Loosening Rates and Functional Outcomes Compared to Single-Stage Approach in Osteopenic and Osteoporotic Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1505. [PMID: 39061642 PMCID: PMC11275406 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic lumbar stabilization aims to preserve spinal movement, offering stability and controlled motion. However, screw loosening, especially in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis, remains challenging. METHOD Between 2018 and 2022, a retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 119 patients diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis who underwent spinal dynamic instrumentation surgery. These patients were categorized into two groups: single-stage surgery (n = 67) and two-stage surgery (n = 52). Over the 48-month follow-up period, the occurrence and percentage of screw loosening were examined at each surgical level per patient, as well as by screw location (pedicular, corpus, tip). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. RESULTS Total screw loosening rates were significantly lower in the two-stage group (2.83%) compared to the single-stage group (14.63%, p < 0.001). Patient-based loosening occurred in 5 patients (9.6%) in the two-stage group and 16 patients (23.9%) in the single-stage group. Loosening rates were lower in the two-stage group at L2 (7.78%, p = 0.040), L3 (5.56%, p < 0.001), L4 (8.89%, p = 0.002), and L5 (10.00%, p = 0.006), but higher at S1 (21.11%, p = 0.964), T12 (15.56%, p = 0.031), and iliac levels (15.56%, p = 0.001). Pedicular section exhibited the highest loosening (37 cases). VAS and ODI scores improved significantly in both groups, with better outcomes in the two-stage group at the 48. months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The two-stage surgical approach significantly reduces screw loosening in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis undergoing dynamic stabilization surgery, offering enhanced stability and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hekimoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, American Hospital, Istanbul 34365, Turkey; (M.H.); (A.T.B.); (T.O.)
| | - Mehmet Yigit Akgun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (M.Y.A.); (E.A.U.); (O.A.)
| | - Hidir Ozer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Tulgar Basak
- Department of Neurosurgery, American Hospital, Istanbul 34365, Turkey; (M.H.); (A.T.B.); (T.O.)
| | - Ege Anil Ucar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (M.Y.A.); (E.A.U.); (O.A.)
| | - Tunc Oktenoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, American Hospital, Istanbul 34365, Turkey; (M.H.); (A.T.B.); (T.O.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (M.Y.A.); (E.A.U.); (O.A.)
| | - Ozkan Ates
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (M.Y.A.); (E.A.U.); (O.A.)
| | - Ali Fahir Ozer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (M.Y.A.); (E.A.U.); (O.A.)
- Spine Center, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
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Li C, Zhao Y, Qi L, Xu B, Yue L, Zhu R, Li C. Comparison of biomechanical effects of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods and titanium rods in lumbar long-segment instrumentation: a finite element study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1416046. [PMID: 39055340 PMCID: PMC11269095 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1416046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) lumbar fusion rods have been successfully used in short-segment posterior instrumentation to prevent adjacent segment degeneration. However, limited studies have reported their application in lumbar long-segment instrumentation. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical performances of PEEK rods and titanium rods in lumbar long-segment instrumentation using finite element (FE) models, with the expectation of providing clinical guidance. Methods A lumbar FE model (A) and four lumbar fixation FE models (BI, CI, BII, CII) of the L1-S1 vertebral body were developed using CT image segmentation (A: intact model; BI: intact model with L2-S1 PEEK rod internal fixation; CI: intact model with L2-S1 titanium rod internal fixation; BII: intact model with L3-S1 PEEK rod internal fixation; CII: intact model with L3-S1 titanium rod internal fixation). A 150-N preload was applied to the top surface of L1, similar to the intact model. The stresses on the lumbar intervertebral disc, facet joint, pedicle screws, and rods were calculated to evaluate the biomechanical effect of the different fixation procedures in lumbar long-segment instrumented surgery. Results Under the four physiological motion states, the average stresses on the adjacent segment intervertebral disc and facet joint in all fixation models were greater than those in the intact model. Furthermore, the average stresses on the adjacent segment intervertebral disc and facet joint were greater in models CI and CII than in models BI and BII, respectively. The average stresses on the pedicle screws and rods were decreased in models BI and BII compared with models CI and CII under the four physiological motion states, respectively. Discussion The PEEK rod internal fixation system may have better biomechanical properties than the titanium rod internal fixation system in delaying adjacent segment degeneration, improving the lumbar function of postoperative patients, and reducing the risk of screw loosening and breakage in lumbar long-segment instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunde Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jiang G, Xu L, Ma Y, Guan J, Feng N, Qiu Z, Zhou S, Li W, Yang Y, Qu Y, Zhao H, Li Z, Yu X. Clinical study on freehand of bicortical sacral screw fixation with the assistance of torque measurement device. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:516. [PMID: 38970034 PMCID: PMC11225279 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacral screw loosening is a typical complication after internal fixation surgery through the vertebral arch system. Bicortical fixation can successfully prevent screw loosening, and how improving the rate of bicortical fixation is a challenging clinical investigation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of improving the double corticality of sacral screws and the optimal fixation depth to achieve double cortical fixation by combining the torque measurement method with bare hands. METHODS Ninety-seven cases of posterior lumbar internal fixation with pedicle root system were included in this study. Based on the tactile feedback of the surgeon indicating the expected penetration of the screw into the contralateral cortex of the sacrum, the screws were further rotated by 180°, 360°, or 720°, categorized into the bicortical 180° group, bicortical 360° group, and bicortical 720° group, respectively. Intraoperatively, the torque during screw insertion was recorded. Postoperatively, the rate of double-cortex engagement was evaluated at 7 days, and screw loosening was assessed at 1 year follow-up. RESULTS The bicortical rates of the 180° group, 360° group, and 720° group were 66.13%, 91.18% and 93.75%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the 180° group and both the 360° and 720° groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the 360° group and the 720° group (P > 0.05).The rates of loosening of sacral screws in the 180° group, 360° group, and 720° group were 20.97%, 7.35% and 7.81%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the 180° group and both the 360° and 720° groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the 360° group and the 720° group (P > 0.05). The bicortical 360° group achieved a relatively satisfactory rate of dual cortical purchase while maintaining a lower rate of screw loosening. CONCLUSION Manual insertion of sacral screws with the assistance of a torque measurement device can achieve a relatively satisfactory dual cortical purchase rate while reducing patient hospitalization costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Jiang
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luchun Xu
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yukun Ma
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jianbin Guan
- Department of Honghui-Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ningning Feng
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ziye Qiu
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shibo Zhou
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongdong Yang
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Li J, Cao S, Zhao B. Biomechanical comparison of polyetheretherketone rods and titanium alloy rods in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a finite element analysis. BMC Surg 2024; 24:169. [PMID: 38811965 PMCID: PMC11134660 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods have potential as an alternative to titanium alloy (Ti) rods in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) remains unclear, especially in cases with insufficient anterior support due to the absence of a cage. The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical differences between PEEK rods and Ti rods in TLIF with and without a cage. METHODS An intact L1-L5 lumbar finite element model was constructed and validated. Accordingly, four TLIF models were developed: (1) Ti rods with a cage; (2) PEEK rods with a cage; (3) Ti rods without a cage; and (4) PEEK rods without a cage. The biomechanical properties were then compared among the four TLIF constructs. RESULTS With or without a cage, no obvious differences were found in the effect of PEEK rods and Ti rods on the range of motion, adjacent disc stress, and adjacent facet joint force. Compared to Ti rods, PEEK rods increase the average bone graft strain (270.8-6055.2 µE vs. 319.0-8751.6 µE). Moreover, PEEK rods reduced the stresses on the screw-rod system (23.1-96.0 MPa vs. 7.2-48.4 MPa) but increased the stresses on the cage (4.6-35.2 MPa vs. 5.6-40.9 MPa) and endplates (5.7-32.5 MPa vs. 6.6-37.6 MPa). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of whether a cage was used for TLIF, PEEK rods theoretically have the potential to serve as an alternative to Ti rods because they may provide certain stability, increase the bone graft strain, and reduce the posterior instrumentation stress, which might promote bony fusion and decrease instrumentation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157th West Fifth Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, No. 1, Gaojing Stress, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157th West Fifth Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Katiyar P, Malka M, Reyes JL, Lombardi JM, Lenke LG, Sardar ZM. Innovative technologies in thoracolumbar and lumbar spine surgery failing to reach standard of care: state-of-art review. Spine Deform 2024:10.1007/s43390-024-00898-9. [PMID: 38795313 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-024-00898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate previously popular technologies in the field of spine surgery, and to better understand their advantages and limitations to the current standards of care. Spine surgery is an ever-evolving field that serves to resolve various spinal pathologies in patients of all ages. While there are established treatments for various conditions, such as lumbar spinal stenosis, idiopathic scoliosis, and degenerative lumbar disease, there is always further research and development in these areas to produce innovative technologies that can lead to better outcomes. As this process progresses, we must remind ourselves of previously tried and tested inventions and their outcomes that have fallen short of becoming a standard to ensure we are able to learn lessons from the past. METHODS A thorough literature review was conducted with the aim of compiling literature of previously utilized technologies in spine surgery. Biomedical databases were utilized to gather relevant articles including PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Emphasis was placed on gathering articles with technologies or therapeutics aimed at treating common spinal pathologies including lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and other degenerative lumbar spine diseases. The keywords used were: "failed technologies", "historical technologies", "spine surgery", "spinal stenosis", "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis", and "degenerative lumbar spine disease". A total of 47 articles were gathered after initial review. RESULTS Different technologies pertaining to spine surgery were identified and critically evaluated. Some of these technologies included X-STOP, Vertiflex, Vertebral Body Stapling, and Dynesys. These technologies were evaluated for their strengths and limitations across their spinal pathology applications. While each type of technology had their benefits, the data tended to be mixed with various limitations across studies. CONCLUSION These technologies have been trialed in the field of spine surgery across various spinal pathologies, but still prove of limited efficacy and shortcomings to the current standards of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Katiyar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Och Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Allen, New York, USA
| | - Matan Malka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Och Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Allen, New York, USA
| | - Justin L Reyes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Och Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Allen, New York, USA.
| | - Joseph M Lombardi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Och Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Allen, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Och Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Allen, New York, USA
| | - Zeeshan M Sardar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, The Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Och Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Allen, New York, USA
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Li W, Zhao H, Li C, Liu T, Guan J, Yang Y, Yu X. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods versus titanium rods for posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:348. [PMID: 37170362 PMCID: PMC10173510 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigid fixation, represented by titanium rods, is a widely used fixation technique for lumbar fusion. However, this technique carries the risk of degeneration of adjacent segments. In recent years, the semi-rigid fixation technique represented by PEEK rods has gradually matured, and its effectiveness has been verified by numerous studies. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of these two fixation modalities in posterior lumbar fusion surgery. METHODS Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. After data extraction and quality assessment of included studies, meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.1 software. The protocol for this systematic review was registered on INPLASY (2021110049) and is available in full on the inplasy.com ( https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-11-0049/ ). RESULTS Fifteen relevant studies were finally included, including eight prospective studies and seven retrospective studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that in ODI (P = 0.000), JOA score (P = 0.017), VAS score for lower limb pain (P = 0.027), fusion rate of bone graft at week 12 (P = 0.001), fusion rate of bone graft at last follow-up (P = 0.028), there was a statistical difference between the two groups. The PEEK rod group was superior to the titanium rod group in the above aspects. While in VAS score for LBP (P = 0.396), there was no statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Both PEEK rods and titanium rods are effective fixation materials in lumbar fusion surgery. PEEK rods may be superior to titanium rods in improving postoperative function and improving bone graft fusion rates. However, given the limitations of this study, whether these conclusions are applicable needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - He Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chuanhong Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jianbin Guan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongdong Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Alejo AL, McDermott S, Khalil Y, Ball HC, Robinson GT, Solorzano E, Alejo AM, Douglas J, Samson TK, Young JW, Safadi FF. A Pre-clinical Standard Operating Procedure for Evaluating Orthobiologics in an In Vivo Rat Spinal Fusion Model. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 4:224-240. [PMID: 36203492 PMCID: PMC9534599 DOI: 10.26502/josm.511500060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rat animal model is a cost effective and reliable model used in spinal pre-clinical research. Complications from various surgical procedures in humans often arise that were based on these pre-clinical animal models. Therefore safe and efficacious pre-clinical animal models are needed to establish continuity into clinical trials. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a validated method that allows researchers to safely and carefully replicate previously successful surgical techniques. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe in detail the procedures involved in a common rat bilateral posterolateral intertransverse spinal fusion SOP used to test the efficacy and safety different orthobiologics using a collagen-soaked sponge as an orthobiologic carrier. Only two orthobiologics are currently FDA approved for spinal fusion surgery which include recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), and I-FACTOR. While there are many additional orthobiologics currently being tested, one way to show their safety profile and gain FDA approval, is to use well established pre-clinical animal models. A preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical setup including specific anesthesia and euthanasia protocols are outlined. Furthermore, we describe different postoperative methods used to validate the spinal fusion SOP, which include μCT analysis, histopathology, biomechanical testing, and blood analysis. This SOP can help increase validity, transparency, efficacy, and reproducibly in future rat spinal fusion surgery procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Alejo
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Scott McDermott
- Roper St. Francis Physician Partners Orthopaedics, Summerville, SC, USA
| | - Yusuf Khalil
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Hope C Ball
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Gabrielle T Robinson
- College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Ernesto Solorzano
- College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Amanda M Alejo
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jacob Douglas
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Trinity K Samson
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jesse W Young
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
- GPN Therapeutics Inc., Redi Zone NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Wu T, Zhang X, Chen K, Chen Q, Yu Z, Feng C, Qi J, Zhang D. The antibacterial and wear-resistant nano-ZnO/PEEK composites were constructed by a simple two-step method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104986. [PMID: 34856483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has excellent comprehensive properties, its non-antibacterial and low wear-resistant limit the wide application in the field of artificial joint materials. In this paper, Nano-ZnO was generated in situ on the surface of PEEK powder by one-step hydrothermal method, which improved the binding force of Nano-ZnO and PEEK matrix. Then the PEEK-based nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending with the synthesized Nano-ZnO-PEEK powders and PEEK powders. The microstructure, mechanical, biological and tribological properties of PEEK-based nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the compressive strength of PEEK-based nanocomposites can reach up to 319.2 ± 2.4 MPa. Both PEEK and PEEK-based nanocomposites were non-toxic to cells. Meanwhile, PEEK-based nanocomposites showed good antibacterial activity against E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial activity was better with the increase of Nano-ZnO content. In addition, when the Nano-ZnO content was 5%, the wear rate of PEEK-based nanocomposites was about 68% lower than that of pure PEEK materials. Thus, PEEK-based nanocomposites has a dual function of good antibacterial property and excellent wear resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunao Feng
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Qi
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China.
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