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Jangjou A, Moqadas M, Mohsenian L, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S, Alshehery S, Ali MA, Dehbozorgi F, Yadav KK, Khorami M, Zarei Jelyani N. Awareness raising and dealing with methanol poisoning based on effective strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115886. [PMID: 37072082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication with methanol most commonly occurs as a consequence of ingesting, inhaling, or coming into contact with formulations that include methanol as a base. Clinical manifestations of methanol poisoning include suppression of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal symptoms, and decompensated metabolic acidosis, which is associated with impaired vision and either early or late blindness within 0.5-4 h after ingestion. After ingestion, methanol concentrations in the blood that are greater than 50 mg/dl should raise some concern. Ingested methanol is typically digested by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and it is subsequently redistributed to the body's water to attain a volume distribution that is about equivalent to 0.77 L/kg. Moreover, it is removed from the body as its natural, unchanged parent molecules. Due to the fact that methanol poisoning is relatively uncommon but frequently involves a large number of victims at the same time, this type of incident occupies a special position in the field of clinical toxicology. The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in erroneous assumptions regarding the preventative capability of methanol in comparison to viral infection. More than 1000 Iranians fell ill, and more than 300 of them passed away in March of this year after they consumed methanol in the expectation that it would protect them from a new coronavirus. The Atlanta epidemic, which involved 323 individuals and resulted in the deaths of 41, is one example of mass poisoning. Another example is the Kristiansand outbreak, which involved 70 people and resulted in the deaths of three. In 2003, the AAPCC received reports of more than one thousand pediatric exposures. Since methanol poisoning is associated with high mortality rates, it is vital that the condition be addressed seriously and managed as quickly as feasible. The objective of this review was to raise awareness about the mechanism and metabolism of methanol toxicity, the introduction of therapeutic interventions such as gastrointestinal decontamination and methanol metabolism inhibition, the correction of metabolic disturbances, and the establishment of novel diagnostic/screening nanoparticle-based strategies for methanol poisoning such as the discovery of ADH inhibitors as well as the detection of the adulteration of alcoholic drinks by nanoparticles in order to prevent methanol poisoning. In conclusion, increasing warnings and knowledge about clinical manifestations, medical interventions, and novel strategies for methanol poisoning probably results in a decrease in the death load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jangjou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moqadas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Mohsenian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sultan Alshehery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering King Khalid University, zip code - 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Azam Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering King Khalid University, zip code - 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farbod Dehbozorgi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Masoud Khorami
- Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Zarei Jelyani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mofokeng MM, Prinsloo G, Araya HT, Amoo SO, du Plooy CP, Mashela PW. NADES Compounds Identified in Hypoxis hemerocallidea Corms during Dormancy. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182387. [PMID: 36145788 PMCID: PMC9503605 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Soaking Hypoxis hemerocallidea corms in distilled water improved the propagation and development of cormlets, suggesting the potential leaching-out of inhibitory chemical compounds. To investigate the presence of inhibitory compounds, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data of the leachate from dormant H. hemerocallidea corms were obtained using a 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectrometer. The 1H-NMR analysis led to the identification of choline, succinate, propylene glycol, and lactose, as inhibitory compounds. These four chemical compounds are part of the “Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents” (NADES) that protect plant cells during stress periods, each of which has the potential to inhibit bud growth and development. These compounds are supposedly leached out of the corms during the first rain under natural conditions, possibly accompanied by changes in the ratios of dormancy-breaking phytohormones and inhibitory compounds, to release bud dormancy. The identified chemical compounds heralded a novel frontier in the vegetative propagation of H. hemerocallidea as a medicinal plant, and for its enhanced sustainable uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motiki M. Mofokeng
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Green Technologies Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (H.T.A.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-12-808-8000 (M.M.M. & H.T.A. & S.O.A)
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Hintsa T. Araya
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (H.T.A.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-12-808-8000 (M.M.M. & H.T.A. & S.O.A)
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (H.T.A.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-12-808-8000 (M.M.M. & H.T.A. & S.O.A)
| | - Christian P. du Plooy
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Phatu W. Mashela
- Green Technologies Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
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Langbroek PM, Dreijer AR, de Lange DW, Moorlag RD, Passier M, van Leer B, Koppen A. Lactic acidosis with elevated osmolal gap after ingestion of a lighter fluid containing dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGME), a case report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:990-992. [PMID: 35451912 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2064869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn M Langbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert R Dreijer
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, the Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie D Moorlag
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Passier
- Department of Critical Care, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Leer
- Department of Critical Care, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Koppen
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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BOKOV D, AL-ETHAFA LFOADMANHER, ABILMAZHINOV Y, THANGAVELU L, SURENDAR A, POKROVSKII M, ABDELBASSET WK. Study on the preservative properties of glycol on food. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.39021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry BOKOV
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
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Ahmed M, Jagadesh SK, Alhajhusain MA, Mutnuri S. Intoxication with Fireball Whiskey causing severe lactic acidosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2021; 34:521-522. [PMID: 34219946 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1906828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propylene glycol is a viscous, colorless liquid that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use as a preservative in foods and as a solvent in pharmaceuticals. Compared with methanol and ethylene glycol, it is regarded as a relatively safe alcohol. There have been several reports of severe lactic acidosis in the setting of iatrogenic unintentional overdosing of medications that use propylene glycol as a diluent, including lorazepam and diazepam. The laboratory findings may include high metabolic acidosis and high osmolal gap. Propylene glycol is also one of the ingredients used in Fireball Whiskey. We present two cases of severe lactic acidosis in the setting of Fireball Whiskey use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeed Ahmed
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
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Berend K, Duits AJ. The role of the clinical laboratory in diagnosing acid-base disorders. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:147-169. [PMID: 30917291 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1568965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acid-base homeostasis is fundamental for life. The body is exceptionally sensitive to changes in pH, and as a result, potent mechanisms exist to regulate the body's acid-base balance to maintain it in a very narrow range. Accurate and timely interpretation of an acid-base disorder can be lifesaving but establishing a correct diagnosis may be challenging. The underlying cause of the acid-base disorder is generally responsible for a patient's signs and symptoms, but laboratory results and their integration into the clinical picture is crucial. Important acid-base parameters are often available within minutes in the acute hospital care setting, and with basic knowledge it should be easy to establish the diagnosis with a stepwise approach. Unfortunately, many caveats exist, beginning in the pre-analytical phase. In the post-analytical phase, studies on the arterial reference pH are scarce and therefore many different reference values are used in the literature without any solid evidence. The prediction models that are currently used to assess the acid-base status are approximations that are mostly based on older studies with several limitations. The two most commonly used methods are the physiological method and the base excess method, both easy to use. The secondary response equations in the base excess method are the most convenient. Evaluation of acid-base disorders should always include the assessment of electrolytes and the anion gap. A major limitation of the current acid-base laboratory tests available is the lack of rapid point-of-care laboratory tests to diagnose intoxications with toxic alcohols. These intoxications can be fatal if not recognized and treated within minutes to hours. The surrogate use of the osmolal gap is often an inadequate substitute in this respect. This article reviews the role of the clinical laboratory to evaluate acid-base disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Berend
- a St. Elisabeth Hospital , Willemstad , Curaçao
| | - A J Duits
- b Red Cross Blood Bank Foundation , Willemstad , Curaçao
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