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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. PM 2.5 toxicity in blood impairs cardiac redox balance and promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in rat heart that further aggravates ischemia reperfusion injury by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-kB signaling axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23718. [PMID: 38738849 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
According to the pathophysiological mechanisms linking particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and cardiovascular diseases, PM2.5 may directly translocate into the blood stream and remote target organs and thereby induce cardiovascular effects. The toxicity of PM2.5 is known to induce oxidative stress in pulmonary tissue, but its impact on the redox state in heart (distant organ) is unknown and how it modulates the cardiac response to ischemia reperfusion (IR) remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the toxic effect of PM2.5 on cardiac physiology in the presence and absence of IR after introducing PM2.5 into the blood. Female Wistar rats were injected with diesel particulate matter (DPM) via i.p & i.v routes at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. The toxic impact of PM2.5 not only adversely affects the cardiac ultra-structure (leading to nuclear infiltration, edema, irregularities in heart muscle and nuclear infiltration), but also altered the cellular redox balance, elevated inflammation and promoted the upregulation of proapoptotic mediator genes at the basal level of myocardium. The results showed alterations in cardiac ultrastructure, elevated oxidative stress and significant redox imbalance, increased inflammation and proapoptotic mediators at the basal level of myocardium. Moreover, the cardioprotective pro survival signaling axis was declined along with an increased NF-kB activation at the basal level. IR inflicted further injury with deterioration of cardiac hemodynamic indices (Heart rate [HR], Left ventricular developed pressure [LVDP], Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [LVEDP] and rate pressure product [RPP]) along with prominent inactivation of signaling pathways. Furthermore, the levels of GSH/GSSG, NADH/NAD, NADPH/NADP were significantly low along with increased lipid peroxidation in mitochondria of PM2.5 treated IR rat hearts. This observation was supported by downregulation of glutaredoxin and peroxiredoxin genes in the myocardium. Similarly the presence of oxidative stress inducing metals was found at a higher concentration in cardiac mitochondria. Thus, the toxic impact of PM2.5 in heart augment the IR associated pathological changes by altering the physiological response, initiating cellular metabolic alterations in mitochondria and modifying the signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
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Tilianin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuronal Damage in Rats with Vascular Dementia via p-CaMKII/ERK/CREB and ox-CaMKII-Dependent MAPK/NF- κB Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6673967. [PMID: 34527176 PMCID: PMC8437593 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6673967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common cause of cognitive decline and dementia of vascular origin, but the precise pathological mechanisms are unknown, and so effective clinical treatments have not been established. Tilianin, the principal active compound of total flavonoid extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L., is a candidate therapy for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, its potential in the treatment of VaD is unclear. The present study is aimed at investigating the protective effects of tilianin on VaD and exploring the underlying mechanism of the action. A model of VaD was established by permanent 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) in rats. Human neurons (hNCs) differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells were used to establish an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. The therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of tilianin were identified using behavioral tests, histochemistry, and multiple molecular biology techniques such as Western blot analysis and gene silencing. The results demonstrated that tilianin modified spatial cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration, oxidation, and apoptosis in rats with VaD and protected hNCs against OGD by increasing cell viability and decreasing apoptosis rates. A study of the mechanism indicated that tilianin restored p-CaMKII/ERK1/2/CREB signaling in the hippocampus, maintaining hippocampus-independent memory. In addition, tilianin inhibited an ox-CaMKII/p38 MAPK/JNK/NF-κB associated inflammatory response caused by cerebral oxidative stress imbalance in rats with VaD. Furthermore, specific CaMKIIα siRNA action revealed that tilianin-exerted neuroprotection involved increase of neuronal viability, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppression of inflammation, which was dependent on CaMKIIα. In conclusion, the results suggested the neuroprotective effect of tilianin in VaD and the potential mechanism associated with dysfunction in the regulation of p-CaMKII-mediated long-term memory and oxidation and inflammation involved with ox-CaMKII, which may lay the foundation for clinical trials of tilianin for the treatment of VaD in the future.
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Azevedo LF, Porto Dechandt CR, Cristina de Souza Rocha C, Hornos Carneiro MF, Alberici LC, Barbosa F. Long-term exposure to bisphenol A or S promotes glucose intolerance and changes hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110694. [PMID: 31344369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of low-level long-term exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) on serum biochemical markers, glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, biogenesis and dynamics, and redox status in livers of Wistar rats. While only the exposure to BPS induces a significant body mass gain after 21 weeks, both compounds alter serum lipid levels and lead to the development of glucose intolerance. Regarding mitochondrial metabolism, both bisphenols augment the electron entry by complex II relative to complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), and reduce mitochondrial content; BPA reduces OXPHOS capacity and uncouples respiration (relative to maximal capacity of MRC) but promotes a significant increase in fatty acid oxidation. Either exposure to BPA or BPS leads to an increase in mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species, mainly at complex I. Additionally, BPA and BPS significantly upregulate the expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 related to mitochondrial fission, while BPA downregulates the expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In summary, our data shows that exposure to both compounds alters metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial energy metabolism, providing new mechanisms by which BPA and BPS impair the mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ferreira Azevedo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Porto Dechandt
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cecília Cristina de Souza Rocha
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Yu L, Ke HL, Du FS, Li ZC. Redox-Responsive Fluorescent Polycarbonates Based on Selenide for Chemotherapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2809-2820. [PMID: 31185717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is vital for some physiological processes, whereas the chronic and sustained high ROS level is usually implicated in the inflammatory diseases and cancers. Herein, we report the innovative redox-responsive theranostic micellar nanoparticles that are able to load anticancer drugs through coordination and hydrophobic interaction and to fluorescently monitor the intracellular redox status. The nanoparticles were formed by the amphiphilic block copolymers composed of a PEG segment and a selenide-containing hydrophobic polycarbonate block with a small fraction of coumarin-based chromophore. Under the alternative redox stimulation that might be encountered in the physiological process of some healthy cells, these nanoparticles underwent the reversible changes in size, morphology, and fluorescence intensity. With the assistance of small model compounds, we clarified the chemistry behind these changes, that is, the redox triggered reversible transformation between selenide and selenoxide. Upon the monotonic oxidation similar to the sustained high ROS level of cancer cells, the nanoparticles could be disrupted completely, which was accompanied by the drastic decrease in fluorescence. Cisplatin and paclitaxel were simultaneously coloaded in the nanoparticles with a moderate efficacy, and the coordination between selenide and platinum improved the stability of the drug-loaded nanoparticles against dilution. The naked nanoparticles are cytocompatible, whereas the dual drug-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a concentration dependent and synergistic cytotoxicity to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Of importance, the drug-loaded nanoparticles are much more toxic to TNBC cells than to normal cells due in part to ROS overproduction in the former cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - He-Liang Ke
- Emergency Center , First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325000 , China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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Wang J, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Qiu C, Zhu L, Zhao N, Liu Z. Matrine alleviates AGEs- induced cardiac dysfunctions by attenuating calcium overload via reducing ryanodine receptor 2 activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 842:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Miwa S, Treumann A, Bell A, Vistoli G, Nelson G, Hay S, von Zglinicki T. Carboxylesterase converts Amplex red to resorufin: Implications for mitochondrial H2O2 release assays. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:173-83. [PMID: 26577176 PMCID: PMC4708625 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amplex Red is a fluorescent probe that is widely used to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a reaction where it is oxidised to resorufin by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst. This assay is highly rated amongst other similar probes thanks to its superior sensitivity and stability. However, we report here that Amplex Red is readily converted to resorufin by a carboxylesterase without requiring H2O2, horseradish peroxidase or oxygen: this reaction is seen in various tissue samples such as liver and kidney as well as in cultured cells, causing a serious distortion of H2O2 measurements. The reaction can be inhibited by Phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) at concentrations which do not disturb mitochondrial function nor the ability of the Amplex Red-HRP system to detect H2O2.In vitro experiments and in silico docking simulations indicate that carboxylesterases 1 and 2 recognise Amplex Red with the same kinetics as carboxylesterase-containing mitochondria. We propose two different approaches to correct for this problem and re-evaluate the commonly performed experimental procedure for the detection of H2O2 release from isolated liver mitochondria. Our results call for a serious re-examination of previous data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Miwa
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Achim Treumann
- Newcastle University Protein and Proteome Analysis, Devonshire Building, Devonshire Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Amy Bell
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; Bioimaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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Zhang H, Sun R, Liu XY, Shi XM, Wang WF, Yu LG, Guo XL. A tetramethylpyrazine piperazine derivate CXC137 prevents cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells and improves memory dysfunction of rats with vascular Dementia. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:276-86. [PMID: 24357351 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of CXC137, a tetramethylpyrazine piperazine derivate, on cell damage induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in human derived neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and its effect on memory dysfunction of rats with vascular dementia. It was found that the presence of CXC137 increased SH-SY5Y cells viability by inhibition of cell apoptosis induced by NMDA. These effects of CXC137 were accompanied by increases of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity and the level of reduced glutathione, and a decrease of lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde. The presence of CXC137 also showed to produce strong inhibition of cellular lactate dehydrogenase leakage, cell apoptosis and intracellular calcium overload. In a vascular dementia rat model established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion, treatment with CXC137 from 2 to 35 day of post-operation significantly improves the motor performance, spatial learning and memory capability of rats in both the prehensile traction test and Morris water maze test, an effect that was companied by reductions of the animal glutamic acid levels and the degree of brain mitochondrial swelling. These results suggest that CXC137 can improve the memory dysfunction in dementia and thus has important therapeutic potential for the treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
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C-Phycocyanin protects SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative injury, rat retina from transient ischemia and rat brain mitochondria from Ca2+/phosphate-induced impairment. Brain Res Bull 2012; 89:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Belyaeva EA, Sokolova TV, Emelyanova LV, Zakharova IO. Mitochondrial electron transport chain in heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity: effects of cadmium, mercury, and copper. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:136063. [PMID: 22619586 PMCID: PMC3349094 DOI: 10.1100/2012/136063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) in heavy-metal-induced neurotoxicity, we studied action of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ on cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, respiratory function, and mitochondrial membrane potential of rat cell line PC12. As found, the metals produced, although in a different way, dose- and time-dependent changes of all these parameters. Importantly, Cd2+ beginning from 10 [mu]M and already at short incubation time (3 h) significantly inhibited the FCCP-uncoupled cell respiration; besides, practically the complete inhibition of the respiration was reached after 3 h incubation with 50 [mu]M Hg2+ or 500 [mu]M Cd2+, whereas even after 48 h exposure with 500 [mu]M Cu2+, only a 50% inhibition of the respiration occurred. Against the Cd2+-induced cell injury, not only different antioxidants and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors were protective but also such mtETC effectors as FCCP and stigmatellin (complex III inhibitor). However, all mtETC effectors used did not protect against the Hg2+- or Cu2+-induced cell damage. Notably, stigmatellin was shown to be one of the strongest protectors against the Cd2+-induced cell damage, producing a 15–20% increase in the cell viability. The mechanisms of the mtETC involvement in the heavy-metal-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell death are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Belyaeva
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Rodrigues FP, Pestana CR, Polizello ACM, Pardo-Andreu GL, Uyemura SA, Santos AC, Alberici LC, da Silva RS, Curti C. Release of NO from a nitrosyl ruthenium complex through oxidation of mitochondrial NADH and effects on mitochondria. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:174-81. [PMID: 22349020 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosyl ruthenium complexes are promising NO donor agents with numerous advantages for the biologic applications of NO. We have characterized the NO release from the nitrosyl ruthenium complex [Ru(NO(2))(bpy)(2)(4-pic)](+) (I) and the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)-mediated NO actions on isolated rat liver mitochondria. The results indicated that oxidation of mitochondrial NADH promotes NO release from (I) in a manner mediated by NO(2) formation (at neutral pH) as in mammalian cells, followed by an oxygen atom transfer mechanism (OAT). The NO released from (I) uncoupled mitochondria at low concentrations/incubation times and inhibited the respiratory chain at high concentrations/incubation times. In the presence of ROS generated by mitochondria NO gave rise to peroxynitrite, which, in turn, inhibited the respiratory chain and oxidized membrane protein-thiols to elicit a Ca(2+)-independent mitochondrial permeability transition; this process was only partially inhibited by cyclosporine-A, almost fully inhibited by the thiol reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and fully inhibited by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO). These actions correlated with the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria as detected by Western blotting analysis. These events, typically involved in cell necrosis and/or apoptosis denote a potential specific action of (I) and analogs against tumor cells via mitochondria-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil
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