1
|
McLaurin KA, Cranston MN, Li H, Mactutus CF, Harrod SB, Booze RM. Synaptic dysfunction is associated with alterations in the initiation of goal-directed behaviors: Implications for HIV-1-associated apathy. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114174. [PMID: 35863502 PMCID: PMC9990912 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exhibit an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbities (e.g., apathy) relative to their seronegative counterparts. Given the profound functional consequences associated with apathy, characterizing the multidimensional neuropsychiatric syndrome, and associated neural mechanisms, following chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure remains a critical need. HIV-1-associated apathy was examined by quantifying goal-directed behaviors, indexed using voluntary wheel running, during the diurnal and nocturnal cycle. Apathetic behaviors in the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat were characterized by a profound decrease in the number of running bouts during both the diurnal and nocturnal cycle, supporting a prominent deficit in the self-initiation of spontaneous behaviors. Additionally, HIV-1 Tg animals exhibited a decreased reinforcing efficacy of voluntary wheel running during the nocturnal cycle. Following the completion of voluntary wheel running, synaptic dysfunction in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) was examined as a potential neural mechanism underlying HIV-1-associated apathy. HIV-1 Tg animals displayed prominent synaptic dysfunction in MSNs of the NAcc, characterized by enhanced dendritic branching complexity and a population shift towards an immature dendritic spine phenotype relative to control animals. Synaptic dysfunction, which accounted for 42.0% to 68.5% of the variance in the number of running bouts, was strongly associated with the self-initiation of spontaneous behaviors. Establishment of the relationship between synaptic dysfunction and apathy affords a key target for the development of novel therapeutics and cure strategies for affective alterations associated with HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A McLaurin
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Michael N Cranston
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Hailong Li
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Charles F Mactutus
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Steven B Harrod
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie M Booze
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
HIV-1 mutants expressing B cell clonogenic matrix protein p17 variants are increasing their prevalence worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122050119. [PMID: 35763571 PMCID: PMC9271197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the combined antiretroviral therapy era, lymphomas still represent the most frequent cause of death in HIV-1-infected patients. We expand previous observations dealing with the prevalence of HIV-1 matrix protein p17 variants (vp17s), characterized by peculiar amino acid insertions and endowed of B cell clonogenic activity, in HIV-1 patients with lymphoma as compared with patients without lymphoma. We show that the prevalence of HIV-1 mutants expressing vp17s is increasing worldwide over time. Moreover, we describe a cluster of HIV-1 mutants expressing a B cell clonogenic vp17 and highlight that insertions can be fixed and that viruses displaying clonogenic vp17s are actively spreading. This knowledge advocates for an extensive genomic surveillance program to monitor the evolution of such mutant virions worldwide. AIDS-defining cancers declined after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) introduction, but lymphomas are still elevated in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)–infected patients. In particular, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) represent the majority of all AIDS-defining cancers and are the most frequent cause of death in these patients. We have recently demonstrated that amino acid (aa) insertions at the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 COOH-terminal region cause protein destabilization, leading to conformational changes. Misfolded p17 variants (vp17s) strongly impact clonogenic B cell growth properties that may contribute to B cell lymphomagenesis as suggested by the significantly higher frequency of detection of vp17s with COOH-terminal aa insertions in plasma of HIV-1–infected patients with NHL. Here, we expand our previous observations by assessing the prevalence of vp17s in large retrospective cohorts of patients with and without lymphoma. We confirm the significantly higher prevalence of vp17s in lymphoma patients than in HIV-1–infected individuals without lymphoma. Analysis of 3,990 sequences deposited between 1985 and 2017 allowed us to highlight a worldwide increasing prevalence of HIV-1 mutants expressing vp17s over time. Since genomic surveillance uncovered a cluster of HIV-1 expressing a B cell clonogenic vp17 dated from 2011 to 2019, we conclude that aa insertions can be fixed in HIV-1 and that mutant viruses displaying B cell clonogenic vp17s are actively spreading.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains an important neurological manifestation in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) patients. Furthermore, the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) detection in the central nervous system (CNS) and its ability to form toxic assemblies in the brain has been recently confirmed. Here we show for the first time using both an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model and in vivo biodistribution studies in healthy mice that p17 can cross the BBB. There is fast brain uptake with 0.35 ± 0.19% of injected activity per gram of tissue (I.A./g) two minutes after administration, followed by brain accumulation with 0.28 ± 0.09% I.A./g after 1 h. The interaction of p17 with the chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) at the surface of brain endothelial cells triggers transcytosis. The present study supports the hypothesis of a direct role of free p17 in neuronal dysfunction in HAND by demonstrating its intrinsic ability to reach the CNS. IMPORTANCE The number of patients affected by HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) ranges from 30 to 50% of HIV-infected (HIV+) patients. The mechanisms leading to HAND development need to be elucidated, but the role of secreted viral proteins, chemokines, and proinflammatory molecules appears to be clear. In particular, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a route for entry into the central nervous system (CNS) thus playing an important role in HAND. Several findings suggest a key role for the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) as a microenvironmental factor capable of inducing neurocognitive disorders. Here we show, the ability of the p17 to cross the BBB and to reach the CNS thus playing a crucial role in neuronal dysfunction in HAND.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kammers K, Chen A, Monaco DR, Hudelson SE, Grant-McAuley W, Moore RD, Alter G, Deeks SG, Morrison CS, Eller LA, Blankson JN, Laeyendecker O, Ruczinski I, Eshleman SH, Larman HB. HIV Antibody Profiles in HIV Controllers and Persons With Treatment-Induced Viral Suppression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740395. [PMID: 34512672 PMCID: PMC8428532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low HIV viral load is associated with delayed disease progression and reduced HIV transmission. HIV controllers suppress viral load to low levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART). We used an antibody profiling system, VirScan, to compare antibody reactivity and specificity in HIV controllers, non-controllers with treatment-induced viral suppression, and viremic non-controllers. Methods The VirScan library contains 3,384 phage-displayed peptides spanning the HIV proteome. Antibody reactivity to these peptides was measured in plasma from a Discovery Cohort that included 13 elite controllers, 27 viremic controllers, 12 viremic non-controllers, and 21 non-controllers who were virally suppressed on ART. Antibody reactivity to selected peptides was also assessed in an independent cohort of 29 elite controllers and 37 non-controllers who were virally suppressed on ART (Validation Cohort) and in a longitudinal cohort of non-controllers. Results In the Discovery Cohort, 62 peptides were preferentially targeted in HIV controllers compared to non-controllers who were virally suppressed on ART. These specificities were not significantly different when comparing controllers versus viremic non-controllers. Aggregate reactivity to these peptides was also high in elite controllers from the independent Validation Cohort. The 62 peptides formed seven clusters of homologous epitopes in env, gag, integrase, and vpu. Reactivity to one of these clusters located in gag p17 was inversely correlated with viral load set point in an independent cohort of non-controllers. Conclusions Antibody reactivity was low in non-controllers suppressed on ART, but remained high in viremic controllers despite viral suppression. Antibodies in controllers and viremic non-controllers were directed against epitopes in diverse HIV proteins; higher reactivity against p17 peptides was associated with lower viral load set point. Further studies are needed to determine if these antibodies play a role in regulation of HIV viral load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kammers
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Athena Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel R. Monaco
- Department of Pathology and the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah E. Hudelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wendy Grant-McAuley
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard D. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Department of Medicine, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles S. Morrison
- Behavioral, Epidemiologic and Clinical Sciences, Family Health International (FHI) 360, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leigh A. Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joel N. Blankson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan H. Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: H. Benjamin Larman, ; Susan H. Eshleman,
| | - H. Benjamin Larman
- Department of Pathology and the Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: H. Benjamin Larman, ; Susan H. Eshleman,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porchetta A, Ippodrino R, Marini B, Caruso A, Caccuri F, Ricci F. Programmable Nucleic Acid Nanoswitches for the Rapid, Single-Step Detection of Antibodies in Bodily Fluids. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:947-953. [PMID: 29313682 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibody detection plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of pathogens and monitoring the success of vaccine immunization. However, current serology techniques require multiple, time-consuming washing and incubation steps, which limit their applicability in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and high-throughput assays. We developed here a nucleic acid nanoswitch platform able to instantaneously measure immunoglobulins of type G and E (IgG and IgE) levels directly in blood serum and other bodily fluids. The system couples the advantages of target-binding induced colocalization and nucleic acid conformational-change nanoswitches. Due to the modular nature of the recognition platform, the method can potentially be applied to the detection of any antibody for which an antigen can be conjugated to a nucleic acid strand. In this work we show the sensitive, fast and cost-effective detection of four different antibodies and demonstrate the possible use of this approach for the monitoring of antibody levels in HIV+ patients immunized with AT20 therapeutic vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rudy Ippodrino
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. , Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Marini
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. , Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School , Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School , Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|