1
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Wu R, Lim MS. Updates in pathobiological aspects of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1241532. [PMID: 37810974 PMCID: PMC10556522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1241532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) encompass several distinct subtypes of mature T-cell neoplasms that are unified by the expression of CD30 and anaplastic cytomorphology. Identification of the cytogenetic abnormality t(2;5)(p23;q35) led to the subclassification of ALCLs into ALK+ ALCL and ALK- ALCL. According to the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours as well as the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms, ALCLs encompass ALK+ ALCL, ALK- ALCL, and breast implant-associated ALCL (BI-ALCL). Approximately 80% of systemic ALCLs harbor rearrangement of ALK, with NPM1 being the most common partner gene, although many other fusion partner genes have been identified to date. ALK- ALCLs represent a heterogeneous group of lymphomas with distinct clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. A subset harbor recurrent rearrangement of genes, including TYK2, DUSP22, and TP63, with a proportion for which genetic aberrations have yet to be characterized. Although primary cutaneous ALCL (pc-ALCL) is currently classified as a subtype of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, due to the large anaplastic and pleomorphic morphology together with CD30 expression in the malignant cells, this review also discusses the pathobiological features of this disease entity. Genomic and proteomic studies have contributed significant knowledge elucidating novel signaling pathways that are implicated in ALCL pathogenesis and represent candidate targets of therapeutic interventions. This review aims to offer perspectives on recent insights regarding the pathobiological and genetic features of ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S. Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Bhansali RS, Barta SK. Central Nervous System Progression/Relapse in Mature T- and NK-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:925. [PMID: 36765882 PMCID: PMC9913807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are cancers of mature B-, T-, and NK-cells which display marked biological heterogeneity between different subtypes. Mature T- and NK-cell neoplasms are an often-aggressive subgroup of NHL and make up approximately 15% of all NHL. Long-term follow up studies have demonstrated that patients with relapsed/refractory disease have dismal outcomes; in particular, secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement is associated with higher mortality, though it remains controversial whether this independently confers worse outcomes or if it simply reflects more aggressive systemic disease. Possible risk factors predictive of CNS involvement, such as an elevated lactate dehydrogenase and more than two sites of extranodal involvement, may suggest the latter, though several studies have suggested that discrete sites of anatomic involvement or tumor histology may be independent risk factors as well. Ultimately, small retrospective case series form the basis of our understanding of this rare but devastating event but have not yet demonstrated a consistent benefit of CNS-directed prophylaxis in preventing this outcome. Nonetheless, ongoing efforts are working to establish the epidemiology of CNS progression/relapse in mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas with the goal of identifying clinicopathologic risk factors, which may potentially help discern which patients may benefit from CNS-directed prophylactic therapy or more aggressive systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan K. Barta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Chiawpanit C, Panwong S, Sawasdee N, Yenchitsomanus PT, Panya A. Genistein Sensitizes Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines to Be Susceptible to Natural Killer Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081098. [PMID: 35892954 PMCID: PMC9330512 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal bile duct cancer, which has poor treatment outcomes due to its high resistance to chemotherapy and cancer recurrence. Activation of aberrant anti-apoptotic signaling pathway has been reported to be a mechanism of chemoresistance and immune escape of CCA. Therefore, reversal of anti-apoptotic signaling pathway represents a feasible approach to potentiate effective treatments, especially for CCA with high chemoresistance. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of genistein on reactivation of apoptosis cascade and increase the susceptibility of CCA cells to natural killer (NK-92) cells. Genistein at 50 and 100 µM significantly activated extrinsic apoptotic pathway in CCA cells (KKU055, KKU100, and KKU213A), which was evident by reduction of procaspase-8 and -3 expression. Pretreatment of CCA cells with genistein at 50 µM, but not NK-92 cells, significantly increased NK-92 cell killing ability over the untreated control, suggesting the ability of genistein to sensitize CCA cells. Interestingly, genistein treatment could greatly lower the expression of cFLIP, an anti-apoptotic protein involved in the immune escape pathway, in addition to upregulation of death receptors, Fas- and TRAIL-receptors, in CCA cells, which might be the underlying molecular mechanism of genistein to sensitize CCA to be susceptible to NK-92 cells. Taken together, this finding revealed the benefit of genistein as a sensitizer to enhance the efficiency of NK cell immunotherapy for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutipa Chiawpanit
- Doctoral Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Suthida Panwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Doctoral Program in Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nunghathai Sawasdee
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.-t.Y.)
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.-t.Y.)
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-943346
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4
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Chioureas D, Beck J, Baltatzis G, Vardaki I, Fonseca P, Tsesmetzis N, Vega F, Leventaki V, Eliopoulos AG, Drakos E, Rassidakis GZ, Panaretakis T. ALK+ Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)-Derived Exosomes Carry ALK Signaling Proteins and Interact with Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122939. [PMID: 35740600 PMCID: PMC9221431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) is a distinct type of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell origin, which is characterized by overexpression and activation of ALK kinase due to chromosomal translocations of the gene. The most frequent chromosomal aberration is the t(2;5) resulting in the NPM-ALK chimeric protein, which exerts its oncogenic functions through activation of multiple oncogenic pathways. Exosomes, the best characterized type of extracellular vesicles, are secreted from the tumor cells, thus transferring signals to other cells that uptake exosomes. In this study, we demonstrate that ALK+ ALCL cells secrete exosomes that carry critical molecules of ALK signaling, which can be taken up by other cells with significant biologic effects including functional interactions with tumor microenvironment cells, which may contribute to tumor aggressiveness and possibly resistance to treatment. Abstract The oncogenic pathways activated by the NPM-ALK chimeric kinase of ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are well characterized; however, the potential interactions of ALK signaling with the microenvironment are not yet known. Here we report that ALK+ ALCL-derived exosomes contain critical components of ALK signaling as well as CD30, and that exosome uptake by lymphoid cells led to increased proliferation and expression of critical antiapoptotic proteins by the recipient cells. The bone marrow fibroblasts highly uptake ALK+ ALCL-derived exosomes and acquire a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Moreover, exosome-mediated activation of stromal cells altered the cytokine profile of the microenvironment. These interactions may contribute to tumor aggressiveness and possibly resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Chioureas
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Janina Beck
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - George Baltatzis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Ioulia Vardaki
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Pedro Fonseca
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tsesmetzis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Vasiliki Leventaki
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Drakos
- Department of Pathology, University of Crete Medical School, 715 00 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George Z. Rassidakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-851776162
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (J.B.); (G.B.); (I.V.); (P.F.); (N.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Sugihara E, Hashimoto N, Osuka S, Shimizu T, Ueno S, Okazaki S, Yaguchi T, Kawakami Y, Kosaki K, Sato TA, Okamoto S, Saya H. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Livin Confers Resistance to Fas-Mediated Immune Cytotoxicity in Refractory Lymphoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4439-4450. [PMID: 32928920 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Death receptor Fas-mediated apoptosis not only eliminates nonspecific and autoreactive B cells but also plays a major role in antitumor immunity. However, the possible mechanisms underlying impairment of Fas-mediated induction of apoptosis during lymphomagenesis remain unknown. In this study, we employed our developed syngeneic lymphoma model to demonstrate that downregulation of Fas is required for both lymphoma development and lymphoma cell survival to evade immune cytotoxicity. CD40 signal activation significantly restored Fas expression and thereby induced apoptosis after Fas ligand treatment in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Nevertheless, certain human lymphoma cell lines were found to be resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, with Livin (melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis protein; ML-IAP) identified as a driver of such resistance. High expression of Livin and low expression of Fas were associated with poor prognosis in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Livin expression was tightly driven by bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins BRD4 and BRD2, suggesting that Livin expression is epigenetically regulated in refractory lymphoma cells to protect them from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Accordingly, the combination of CD40-mediated Fas restoration with targeting of the BET proteins-Livin axis may serve as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for refractory B-cell lymphoma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings yield insights into identifying risk factors in refractory lymphoma and provide a promising therapy for tumors resistant to Fas-mediated antitumor immunity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/20/4439/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norisato Hashimoto
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wallace Tumor Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ueno
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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de Charette M, Houot R. Hide or defend, the two strategies of lymphoma immune evasion: potential implications for immunotherapy. Haematologica 2018; 103:1256-1268. [PMID: 30006449 PMCID: PMC6068015 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.184192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evading immune eradication is a prerequisite for neoplastic progression and one of the hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review the different immune escape strategies of lymphoma and classify them into two main mechanisms. First, lymphoma cells may “hide” to become invisible to the immune system. This can be achieved by losing or downregulating MHC and/or molecules involved in antigen presentation (including antigen processing machinery and adhesion molecules), thereby preventing their recognition by the immune system. Second, lymphoma cells may “defend” themselves to become resistant to immune eradication. This can be achieved in several ways: by becoming resistant to apoptosis, by expressing inhibitory ligands that deactivate immune cells and/or by inducing an immunosuppressive (humoral and cellular) microenvironment. These immune escape mechanisms may have therapeutic implications. Their identification may be used to guide “personalized immunotherapy” for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033, France .,INSERM, U1236, F-35043, France
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7
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Högstrand K, Darmanin S, Forshell TP, Grandien A. Transformation of mouse T cells requires MYC and AKT activity in conjunction with inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21396-21410. [PMID: 29765548 PMCID: PMC5940390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by excessive proliferation of transformed mature T cells. The number and nature of genetic aberrations required and sufficient for transformation of normal T cells into lymphomas is unknown. Here, using a combinatorial in vitro-approach, we demonstrate that overexpression of MYC together with activated AKT in conditions of inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis rapidly resulted in transformation of mature mouse T cells with a frequency approaching 100%. Injection of transformed cells into mice resulted in rapid development of aggressive T cell lymphoma, characterized by spread to several organs, destruction of tissue architecture and rapid death of the animals. TcR-sequencing revealed a polyclonal repertoire of tumor cells indicating that co-expression of MYC, activated AKT and BCLXL is sufficient for tumor transformation and do not require acquisition of additional genetic events. When analyzing cells with inducible expression we found that proliferation of transformed T cells required sustained expression of both MYC and AKT. AKT exerted a dual function as it inhibited induction of, and promoted exit from, cellular quiescence and contributed to inhibion of apoptosis. Downregulation of AKT and/or MYC together with BCLXL resulted in rapid and complete elimination of cells through induction of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Högstrand
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Darmanin
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - TachaZi Plym Forshell
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alf Grandien
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Jeon MY, Min KJ, Woo SM, Seo SU, Kim S, Park JW, Kwon TK. Volasertib Enhances Sensitivity to TRAIL in Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells through Downregulation of c-FLIP Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122568. [PMID: 29186071 PMCID: PMC5751171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays major roles in cell cycle control and DNA damage response. Therefore, PLK1 has been investigated as a target for cancer therapy. Volasertib is the second-in class dihydropteridinone derivate that is a specific PLK1 inhibitor. In this study, we examined that combining PLK1 inhibitor with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) would have an additive and synergistic effect on induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. We found that volasertib alone and TRAIL alone had no effect on apoptosis, but the combined treatment of volasertib and TRAIL markedly induced apoptosis in Caki (renal carcinoma), A498 (renal carcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma) cells, but not in normal cells (human skin fibroblast cells and mesangial cells). Combined treatment induced accumulation of sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase 3 activity in Caki cells. Interestingly, combined treatment induced downregulation of cellular-FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) expression and ectopic expression of c-FLIP markedly blocked combined treatment-induced apoptosis. Therefore, this study demonstrates that volasertib may sensitize TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Caki cells via downregulation of c-FLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Jeon
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Mediine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
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9
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Min KJ, Um HJ, Seo SU, Woo SM, Kim S, Park JW, Lee HS, Kim SH, Choi YH, Lee TJ, Kwon TK. Angelicin potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma Caki cells through activation of caspase 3 and down-regulation of c-FLIP expression. Drug Dev Res 2017; 79:3-10. [PMID: 29044596 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research & Development Angelicin is a furocoumarin derived from Psoralea corylifolia L. fruit that has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. In the present study, the effect of angelicin in enhancing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptotic cell death was studied in Caki (renal carcinoma) cells. Angelicin alone and TRAIL alone had no effect on apoptosis, but in combination these compounds markedly induced apoptosis in the cancer cell lines while not inducing apoptosis in normal cells. The combination treatment induced accumulation of the sub-G1 population, DNA fragmentation, and activated caspase 3 activity in Caki cells, induced down-regulation of c-FLIP expression post-translationally, and over-expression of c-FLIP markedly blocked apoptosis induced by combined treatment with angelicin plus TRAIL. This study provides evidence that angelicin might be a TRAIL sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Um
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Min KJ, Han MA, Kim S, Park JW, Kwon TK. Osthole enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through downregulation of c-FLIP expression in renal carcinoma Caki cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2348-2354. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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11
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Patel S, Murphy D, Haralambieva E, Abdulla ZA, Wong KK, Chen H, Gould E, Roncador G, Hatton C, Anderson AP, Banham AH, Pulford K. Increased Expression of Phosphorylated FADD in Anaplastic Large Cell and Other T-Cell Lymphomas. Biomark Insights 2014; 9:77-84. [PMID: 25232277 PMCID: PMC4159367 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a major adaptor protein involved in extrinsic apoptosis, embryogenesis, and lymphocyte homeostasis. Although abnormalities of the FADD/death receptor apoptotic pathways have been established in tumorigenesis, fewer studies have analyzed the expression and role of phosphorylated FADD (pFADD). Our identification of FADD as a lymphoma-associated autoantigen in T-cell lymphoma patients raises the possibility that pFADD, with its correlation with cell cycle, may possess role(s) in human T-cell lymphoma development. This immunohistochemical study investigated pFADD protein expression in a range of normal tissues and lymphomas, particularly T-cell lymphomas that require improved therapies. Whereas pFADD was expressed only in scattered normal T cells, it was detected at high levels in T-cell lymphomas (eg, 84% anaplastic large cell lymphoma and 65% peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified). The increased expression of pFADD supports further study of its clinical relevance and role in lymphomagenesis, highlighting phosphorylation of FADD as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suketu Patel
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Derek Murphy
- Center for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. ; School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland. ; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edith Gould
- Center for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chris Hatton
- Department of Hematology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda P Anderson
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Karen Pulford
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
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Na JY, Kim S, Song K, Kwon J. Rutin alleviates prion peptide-induced cell death through inhibiting apoptotic pathway activation in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1071-9. [PMID: 25048806 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prion disorders are progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by extensive neuronal loss and accumulation of the abnormal form of the scrapie prion protein (PrP). Rutin is a flavonoid that occurs naturally in plant-derived beverages and foods and is used in traditional and folkloric medicine worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of rutin against PrP fragment (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death. Rutin treatment blocked PrP (106-126)-mediated increases in reactive oxygen species production and nitric oxide release and helped slowing the decrease of neurotrophic factors that results from PrP accumulation. Rutin attenuated PrP (106-126)-associated mitochondrial apoptotic events by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition and caspase-3 activity and blocking expression of the apoptotic signals Bax and PARP. Additionally, rutin treatment significantly decreased the expression of the death receptor Fas and its ligand Fas-L. Overall, our results demonstrated that rutin protects against the neurodegenerative effects of prion accumulation by increasing production of neurotropic factors and inhibiting apoptotic pathway activation in neuronal cells. These results suggested that rutin may have clinical benefits for prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Na
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-156, Republic of Korea
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13
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Stutz N, Johnson RD, Wood GS. The Fas apoptotic pathway in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: frequent expression of phenotypes associated with resistance to apoptosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:1327.e1-10. [PMID: 22884443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low proliferation rates, sparse apoptotic cells, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents suggest that defective apoptotic mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Functional studies of CTCL cell lines and leukemic cells further support abnormal expression of Fas apoptotic pathway proteins as a mechanism for resistance to apoptosis. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the Fas apoptotic pathway protein expression of mycosis fungoides (MF) with CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30(+)d) in the context of insights gained from functional studies of CTCL cells. METHODS We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of 36 MF and 36 CD30(+)d skin biopsy specimens with antibodies against Fas, Fas ligand, FLICE-like inhibitory protein, Fas-associated death domain, and total and cleaved caspases 8 and 3. RESULTS Almost all MF lesions (94%) were Fas ligand-negative. In all, 64% of MF lesions were Fas low. An additional 25% of MF lesions were both Fas high and FLICE-like inhibitory protein high (Fas pathway inhibitor). Altogether, this equated to a phenotype predictive of apoptotic resistance in 89% of MF samples. In 9 of 10 cases of CD30(+)d, the apoptotic phenotype predictive of sensitivity/resistance correlated with signs of regression/progression, respectively. LIMITATIONS The study is limited by its retrospective design. DISCUSSION Our in situ analysis of MF and CD30(+)d tissue samples correlates well with previous functional studies of CTCL cell lines and leukemic blood. Our data strengthen the hypothesis that abnormal expression of upstream Fas pathway factors (Fas, Fas ligand) and the inhibitor FLICE-like inhibitory protein contributes to defective apoptosis in CTCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Stutz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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14
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Expression of serine 194-phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein correlates with proliferation in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1117-24. [PMID: 21315423 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fas-associated death domain protein is a key component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, in animal models, Fas-associated death domain protein phosphorylation at serine 194 has been shown to affect cell proliferation, especially in T lymphocytes. The importance of Fas-associated death domain protein phosphorylation at serine 194 for the proliferation of B lymphocytes, however, is uncertain. Here we show in reactive lymph nodes that serine 194 phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein is expressed predominantly in the dark (proliferative) zone of germinal centers. In B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines, serine 194 phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein levels are substantially higher in highly proliferating cells and lower in serum-starved cells. We also used immunohistochemical analysis to assess Fas-associated death domain protein phosphorylation at serine 194 expression in 122 B-cell non-Hodgkin-type lymphomas. The mean percentage of serine 194 phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein positive tumor cells was 81% in Burkitt lymphoma, 41% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 18% in follicular lymphoma, 18% in plasma cell myeloma, 12% in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, 11% in mantle cell lymphoma, and 2% in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (P < .0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). Furthermore, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, serine 194 phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein was detected predominantly in proliferation centers. In the entire study group, the percentage of cells positive for serine 194 phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein correlated significantly with the proliferation index Ki-67 (Spearman R = 0.9, P < .0001). These data provide evidence that serine 194 phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein is involved in the proliferation of normal and neoplastic B cells and has features of a novel proliferation marker.
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15
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Kinney MC, Higgins RA, Medina EA. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: twenty-five years of discovery. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135:19-43. [PMID: 21204709 DOI: 10.5858/2010-0507-rar.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The year 2010 commemorates the 25th year since the seminal publication by Karl Lennert and Harald Stein and others in Kiel, West Germany, describing an unusual large cell lymphoma now known as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Investigators at many universities and hospitals worldwide have contributed to our current in-depth understanding of this unique peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which in its systemic form, principally occurs in children and young adults. OBJECTIVE To summarize our current knowledge of the clinical and pathologic features of systemic and primary cutaneous ALCL. Particular emphasis is given to the biology and pathogenesis of ALCL. DATA SOURCES Search of the medical literature (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE: 1950 to Present [National Library of Medicine]) and more than 20 years of diagnostic experience were used as the source of data for review. CONCLUSIONS Based on immunostaining for activation antigen CD30 and the presence of dysregulation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (2p23), the diagnosis of ALCL has become relatively straightforward for most patients. Major strides have been made during the last decade in our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of ALCL. Constitutive NPM-ALK signaling has been shown to drive oncogenesis via an intricate network of redundant and interacting pathways that regulate cell proliferation, cell fate, and cytoskeletal modeling. Nevertheless, pathomechanistic, therapeutic, and diagnostic challenges remain that should be resolved as we embark on the next generation of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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16
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Braun FK, Hirsch B, Al-Yacoub N, Dürkop H, Assaf C, Kadin ME, Sterry W, Eberle J. Resistance of cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells to apoptosis by death ligands is enhanced by CD30-mediated overexpression of c-FLIP. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:826-40. [PMID: 19890350 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Death ligands, including TNF-alpha, CD95L/FasL, and TRAIL, mediate safeguard mechanisms against tumor growth and critically contribute to lymphocyte homeostasis. We investigated death receptor-mediated apoptosis and CD30/CD95 crosstalk in four CD30-positive cell lines of cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (cALCL). Whereas CD95 stimulation strongly induced apoptosis in cALCL cells, the pro-apoptotic pathways of TNF-alpha and TRAIL were completely blocked at an early step. Expression of TNF receptor 1 was lost in three of four cell lines, providing an explanation for TNF-alpha unresponsiveness. TRAIL resistance may be explained by the consistent overexpression of cellular flice inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) (four of four cell lines) and frequent loss of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bid (three of four cell lines). Changes at the receptor-expression level were largely ruled out. CD30/CD95 crosstalk experiments showed that CD30 ligation leads to NF-kappaB-mediated c-FLIP upregulation in cALCL cells, which in turn conferred enhanced resistance to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Knockdown of c-FLIP by a lentiviral approach enhanced basic apoptosis rates in cALCL cells and diminished the CD30-mediated suppression of apoptosis, thus proving the significance of c-FLIP in this context. These in vitro findings may be indicative of the clinical situation of cALCL. Further clarifying the defects in apoptosis pathways in cutaneous lymphomas may lead to improved therapies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Braun
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, HTCC-Skin Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Ambrogio C, Martinengo C, Voena C, Tondat F, Riera L, di Celle PF, Inghirami G, Chiarle R. NPM-ALK oncogenic tyrosine kinase controls T-cell identity by transcriptional regulation and epigenetic silencing in lymphoma cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8611-9. [PMID: 19887607 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transformed cells in lymphomas usually maintain the phenotype of the postulated normal lymphocyte from which they arise. By contrast, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T-cell lymphoma with aberrant phenotype because of the defective expression of the T-cell receptor and other T-cell-specific molecules for still undetermined mechanisms. The majority of ALCL carries the translocation t(2;5) that encodes for the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK, fundamental for survival, proliferation, and migration of transformed T cells. Here, we show that loss of T-cell-specific molecules in ALCL cases is broader than reported previously and involves most T-cell receptor-related signaling molecules, including CD3epsilon, ZAP70, LAT, and SLP76. We further show that NPM-ALK, but not the kinase-dead NPM-ALK(K210R), downregulated the expression of these molecules by a STAT3-mediated gene transcription regulation and/or epigenetic silencing because this downregulation was reverted by treating ALCL cells with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine or by knocking down STAT3 through short hairpin RNA. Finally, NPM-ALK increased the methylation of ZAP70 intron 1-exon 2 boundary region, and both NPM-ALK and STAT3 regulated the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 in transformed T cells. Thus, our data reveal that oncogene-deregulated tyrosine kinase activity controls the expression of molecules that determine T-cell identity and signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/biosynthesis
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Silencing/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunoprecipitation
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Torino, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, ASO San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy
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18
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Lajmanovich A, Ribeyron JB, Florin A, Fournier A, Pasquier MA, Duley S, Chauvet M, Plumas J, Bonnefoix T, Gressin R, Leroux D, Callanan MB. Identification, characterisation and regulation by CD40 activation of novel CD95 splice variants in CD95-apoptosis-resistant, human, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3281-93. [PMID: 19751723 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD95 gene and splicing aberrations have been detected in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) where they are thought to contribute to CD95 apoptosis resistance. To further investigate this, we have performed extensive CD95 transcript sequencing and functional analysis in B-NHL with demonstrated resistance to CD95-induced apoptosis (B-NHLr). Strikingly, instead of showing CD95 mutations per se, B cells from B-NHLr co-expressed wild-type and multiple, normal (CD95nv) and novel alternatively spliced variant CD95 transcripts (CD95av). CD95av were predicted, by sequencing, to encode soluble, potentially apoptosis inhibitory proteins. However, their overexpression, by transfection, in Jurkat cells did not interfere with endogenous CD95 death signalling. Furthermore, CD95av-expressing B-NHLr did not show mutations in CD95 splice-regulatory elements and CD95av expression was 'reversible' by CD40 activation. This, in conjunction with treatment by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, could sensitise a subset of B-NHLr to CD95 apoptosis. In normal and lymphoma B cells, this correlated to increased CD95 membrane expression, enhanced DISC activity and engagement of the mitochondrial death pathway via Bid cleavage, although the latter occurred less efficiently in B-NHLr. Thus, immune modulation of CD95 transcription and alternative splicing combined with enhanced engagement of mitochondrial death signalling offer potential for restoration of CD95 apoptosis sensitivity in B-NHLr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lajmanovich
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.
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19
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The therapeutic potential of p53 reactivation by nutlin-3a in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma with wild-type or mutated p53. Leukemia 2009; 23:2290-9. [PMID: 19741726 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53 is expressed frequently, but is rarely mutated in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) tumours. Nutlin-3a is a recently developed small molecule that targets Mdm2, a critical negative regulator of p53, and disrupts the p53-Mdm2 interaction resulting in p53 stabilization and activation. We show that nutlin-3a activates p53 in ALK+ ALCL cells carrying a wild type (wt) or mutated but partially functional p53 gene resulting in p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest was associated with upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Nutlin-3a-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by Bax and Puma upregulation, downregulation of Bcl-xl, survivin, and caspase-3 cleavage, and this was reduced when p53-dependent transactivation activity was inhibited by pifithrin-alpha, or when pifithrin-mu was used to inhibit direct p53 targeting of mitochondria. Nutlin-3a sensitized the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in wt-p53 ALK+ ALCL cells, in part, through upregulation of DR-5 and downregulation of c-Flip(S/L), and was synergistic with TRAIL in cell death induction. In addition, nutlin-3a treatment enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity against ALK+ ALCL cells harbouring mt p53, and this was associated with p73 upregulation. These data suggest that disruption of the p53-mdm2 interaction by nutlin-3a offers a novel therapeutic approach for ALK+ ALCL patients.
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20
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The natural diterpenoid ovatodiolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma Ca9-22 cells. Life Sci 2009; 85:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Lack of T-Cell Receptor–Induced Signaling Is Crucial for CD95 Ligand Up-regulation and Protects Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells from Activation-Induced Cell Death. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4175-83. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Shi B, Tran T, Sobkoviak R, Pope RM. Activation-induced degradation of FLIP(L) is mediated via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14513-23. [PMID: 19339247 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807918200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular FLIP (Flice-like inhibitory protein) is critical for the protection against death receptor-mediated cell apoptosis. In macrophages, FLIP long (FLIP(L)) and FLIP short (FLIP(S)) mRNA was induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, mediated through NF-kappaB. However, we observed TNFalpha reduced the protein level of FLIP(L), but not FLIP(S), at 1 and 2 h. Similar results were observed with lipopolysaccharide. The reduction of FLIP(L) by TNFalpha was not mediated by caspase 8, or through JNK or Itch, but was suppressed by inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway employing chemical inhibitors, a dominant negative Akt-1, or Akt-1 small interfering RNA. The reduction of FLIP(L) resulted in the short term induction of caspase 8-like activity, which augmented NF-kappaB activation. A co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that Akt-1 physically interacts with FLIP(L). Moreover, TNFalpha enhanced FLIP(L) serine phosphorylation, which was increased by activated Akt-1. Serine 273, a putative Akt-1 phosphorylation site in FLIP(L), was critical for the activation-induced reduction of FLIP(L). Thus, these observations document a novel mechanism where by TNFalpha facilitates the reduction of FLIP(L) protein, which is dependent on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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23
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Differential responses of FLIPLong and FLIPShort-overexpressing human myeloid leukemia cells to TNF-alpha and TRAIL-initiated apoptotic signals. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1660-72. [PMID: 18838202 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonal marrow cells from patients with early myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergo apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Cells from advanced MDS are resistant to TRAIL. Two isoforms of the Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP) short (FLIPS) and FLIP long (FLIPL), which modulate TRAIL signals, showed disease-stage-dependent differential regulation. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing potential differential effects of FLIPL and FLIPS, on TRAIL and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in model leukemic cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using lentiviral constructs, FLIPL and FLIPS, as well as a green fluorescent protein control were overexpressed in ML-1 cells, which constitutively express very low levels of FLIP and are highly sensitive to apoptosis induction. Cells were then exposed to TRAIL or TNF-alpha, and effects on the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis induction were assessed. RESULTS Overexpression of FLIP reduced TRAIL and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in ML-1 cells. However, while FLIPL completely abrogated apoptosis, FLIPS allowed for BID cleavage and caspase-3 activation. Concurrently, there was a decline of Bcl-xL and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in FLIPS cells followed by apoptosis. Further, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in TNF-alpha-treated cells resulted in profound apoptosis in FLIPS, but not in FLIPL-overexpressing cells, consistent with the observations in patients with early stage MDS. Inhibition of NF-kappaB had only minimal effects on TRAIL signaling. CONCLUSION Thus, FLIPL and FLIPS exerted differential effects in myeloid leukemic cell lines in response to TRAIL and TNF-alpha. It might be possible to therapeutically exploit those differences with effector molecules specific for the FLIP isoforms.
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24
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Mathematical modeling identified c-FLIP as an apoptotic switch in death receptor induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1198-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Wang X, Chen W, Zeng W, Bai L, Tesfaigzi Y, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. Akt-mediated eminent expression of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 confers acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1156-63. [PMID: 18483303 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential anticancer agent due to its selectivity in killing transformed cells. However, TRAIL can also stimulate the proliferation and metastasis of TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Thus, acquired TRAIL resistance during TRAIL therapy would shift the patient's treatment from beneficial to detrimental. In this study, we focused on the acquired TRAIL resistance mechanism and showed that the elevated expression of the antiapoptotic factor cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and the prosurvival Bcl-2 family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) underlie the main mechanism of this type of TRAIL resistance in lung cancer cells. Chronic exposure to TRAIL resulted in lung cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity, and this resistance was associated with the increase in the cellular levels of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L). Overexpresssion of c-FLIP(L) suppressed recruitment of caspase-8 to the death-inducing signaling complex, whereas increased Mcl-1(L) expression blunted the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The elevation of c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L) expression was due to Akt-mediated stabilization of these proteins in TRAIL-resistant cells. Importantly, suppressing c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L) expression by RNA interference collectively alleviated acquired TRAIL resistance. Taken together, these results identify c-FLIP(L) and Mcl-1(L) as the major determinants of acquired TRAIL resistance and could be molecular targets for improving the therapeutic value of TRAIL against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive Southeast, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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26
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Perez LE, Parquet N, Shain K, Nimmanapalli R, Alsina M, Anasetti C, Dalton W. Bone marrow stroma confers resistance to Apo2 ligand/TRAIL in multiple myeloma in part by regulating c-FLIP. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1545-55. [PMID: 18209050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apo2 ligand (Apo2L)/TRAIL induces apoptosis of cancer cells that express the specific receptors while sparing normal cells. Because the tumor microenvironment protects myeloma from chemotherapy, we investigated whether hemopoietic stroma induces resistance to Apo2L/TRAIL apoptosis in this disease. Apo2L/TRAIL-induced death was diminished in myeloma cell lines (RPMI 8226, U266, and MM1s) directly adhered to a human immortalized HS5 stroma cell line but not adhered to fibronectin. In a Transwell assay, with myeloma in the upper well and HS5 cells in the lower well, Apo2L/TRAIL apoptosis was reduced when compared with cells exposed to medium in the lower well. Using HS5 and myeloma patients' stroma-conditioned medium, we determined that soluble factor(s) produced by stroma-myeloma interactions are responsible for a reversible Apo2/TRAIL apoptosis resistance. Soluble factor(s) attenuated procaspase-8, procaspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential changes without affecting Bcl-2 family proteins and/or Apo2L/TRAIL receptors. Soluble factor(s) increased the baseline levels of the anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP in all cell lines tested. Inhibition of c-FLIP by means of RNA interference increased Apo2/TRAIL sensitivity in RPMI 8226 cells. Unlike direct adhesion to fibronectin, soluble factor(s) have no impact on c-FLIP redistribution within cellular compartments. Cyclohexamide restored Apo2L/TRAIL sensitivity in association with down-regulation of c-FLIP, suggesting that c-FLIP synthesis, not intracellular traffic, is essential for soluble factor(s) to regulate c-FLIP. Additionally, IL-6 conferred resistance to Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in association with increased c-FLIP levels. In conclusion, the immune cytotoxic effect of Apo2L/TRAIL can be restored at least in part by c-FLIP pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Elena Perez
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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27
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van Houdt IS, Muris JJ, Hesselink AT, Kramer D, Cillessen SAGM, Moesbergen LM, Vos W, Hooijberg E, Meijer CJLM, Kummer JA, Oudejans JJ. Expression of c-FLIP is primarily detected in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma and correlates with lack of caspase 8 activation. Histopathology 2007; 51:778-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Antigen activation and impaired Fas-induced death-inducing signaling complex formation in T-large-granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2007; 111:1610-6. [PMID: 17993614 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-06-093823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal T-cell expansion in patients with T-large-granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia occurs by an undefined mechanism that may be related to Fas apoptosis resistance. Here, we demonstrate polarized expansion of CD8(+) terminal-memory differentiation in such patients, as demonstrated by CD45RA expression and absence of CD62L expression, suggesting repeated stimulation by antigen in vivo. Elimination of antigen-stimulated T cells normally occurs through Fas-mediated apoptosis. We show that cells from LGL leukemia patients express increased levels of c-FLIP and display resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis and abridged recruitment of proteins that comprise the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), including the Fas-associated protein with death-domain (FADD) and caspase-8. Exposure to interleukin-2 (IL-2) for only 24 hours sensitized leukemic LGL to Fas-mediated apoptosis with enhanced formation of the DISC, and increased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities. We observed dysregulation of c-FLIP by IL-2 in leukemic LGL, suggesting a role in Fas resistance. Our results demonstrate that expanded T cells in patients with LGL leukemia display both functional and phenotypic characteristics of prior antigen activation in vivo and display reduced capacity for Fas-mediated DISC formation.
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Braun FK, Fecker LF, Schwarz C, Walden P, Assaf C, Dürkop H, Sterry W, Eberle J. Blockade of death receptor-mediated pathways early in the signaling cascade coincides with distinct apoptosis resistance in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:2425-37. [PMID: 17495957 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Control of apoptosis via death ligands plays a basic role for lymphocyte homeostasis and lymphoma development. In this study, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines revealed pronounced resistance to death ligands as compared to cell lines of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The proapoptotic activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was blocked, sensitivity to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand was significantly reduced, and 1/4 CTCL cell lines was resistant to CD95 activation. In parallel, there was no activation of effector caspase-3 and initiator caspase-8 in nonresponsive CTCL cells, whereas caspase-10 was cleaved selectively in sensitive CTCL cells. No indication for a responsibility of typical downstream regulators of apoptosis was obtained, but loss of CD95 was found in 1/4, loss of TNF-R1 in 3/4, loss of caspase-10 in 2/4, loss of Bid in 1/4, and overexpression of cellular flice inhibitory protein was found in 4/4 CTCL cell lines. This clearly indicates an inhibition of apoptosis early in the extrinsic cascade, namely at the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex. Parallels with regard to expression of apoptosis regulators were seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and biopsies of CTCL patients. This study may indicate defects in apoptosis in CTCL and may help to guide CTCL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Braun
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Oyarzo MP, Drakos E, Atwell C, Amin HM, Medeiros LJ, Rassidakis GZ. Intrinsic apoptotic pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2006; 37:874-82. [PMID: 16784988 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) includes a subset of tumors that has abnormalities of chromosome 2p23, resulting in overexpression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Previous studies have reported differences in apoptotic rate and expression levels of apoptosis regulatory proteins between ALK+ and ALK- ALCL. In this study, we assessed for expression of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway proteins cytochrome c, apoptosis protease-activating factor 1, and procaspase 9 in 2 ALK+ ALCL cell lines and 42 ALCL tumors (17 ALK+, 25 ALK-). We used the Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1 cell lines, and the inhibitors Z-LEHD-FMK (specific for caspase 9) and Boc-D-FMK (general caspase inhibitor) to investigate the role of caspase 9 activation in chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cell death. Caspase 9 activity was significantly increased in Karpas-299 and SU-DHL-1 cells after chemotherapy treatment, but remained as low as control levels with addition of either caspase inhibitor. Both caspase inhibitors rescued a substantial fraction of Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1 cells from drug-induced cell death. In ALCL tumors, expression of cytochrome c, apoptosis protease-activating factor 1, and procaspase 9 was also assessed and correlated with apoptotic rate and activated caspase 3 levels. Cytochrome c was expressed in all 13 (100%) ALK+ and 18 (95%) of 19 ALK- ALCL tumors. Apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 was detected in 14 (88%) of 16 ALK+ and 19 (79%) of 24 ALK- ALCL tumors. Procaspase 9 was expressed in 5 (30%) of 17 ALK+ and 2 (8%) of 25 ALK- ALCL tumors (P = .09). In the entire study group (ALK+ and ALK- ALCL), procaspase 9 expression levels significantly correlated with apoptotic rate (P = .02) and activated caspase 3 levels (P = .05). This correlation could not be shown in the ALK+ or ALK- ALCL subgroups, presumably because of the small sample size. In conclusion, chemotherapy-induced cell death in ALK+ ALCL cells involves the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and apoptosome function may be an important determinant of apoptosis in ALCL tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio P Oyarzo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jacobsen E, LaCasce A. Update on the therapy of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006; 6:699-708. [PMID: 16805709 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.7.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the current understanding of the biology of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma and adult T cell lymphoma/leukaemia. Specifically, this review will examine how our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases can be used to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jacobsen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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