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Delibegović M, Dall'Angelo S, Dekeryte R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in metabolic diseases and drug development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:366-378. [PMID: 38519567 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a non-transmembrane phosphatase, has a major role in a variety of signalling pathways, including direct negative regulation of classic insulin and leptin signalling pathways, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiometabolic diseases and cancers. As such, PTP1B has been a therapeutic target for over two decades, with PTP1B inhibitors identified either from natural sources or developed throughout the years. Some of these inhibitors have reached phase I and/or II clinical trials in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and/or metastatic breast cancer. In this Review, we summarize the cellular processes and regulation of PTP1B, discuss evidence from in vivo preclinical and human studies of the association between PTP1B and different disorders, and discuss outcomes of clinical trials. We outline challenges associated with the targeting of this phosphatase (which was, until the past few years, viewed as difficult to target), the current state of the field of PTP1B inhibitors (and dual phosphatase inhibitors) and future directions for manipulating the activity of this key metabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruta Dekeryte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
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2
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Perez-Quintero LA, Abidin BM, Tremblay ML. Immunotherapeutic implications of negative regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells: the emerging cases of PTP1B and TCPTP. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364778. [PMID: 38707187 PMCID: PMC11066278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of inflammation, T cell activation occurs by the concerted signals of the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors ligation, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment. Fine-tuning these signals is crucial to maintain T cell homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity while offering protection against infectious diseases and cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complex crosstalk between the molecular events controlling T cell activation and the balancing regulatory cues offer novel approaches for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Among the complex regulatory processes, the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) controls the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell function, fate decision, and activation. In those, PTPs are de facto regulators of signaling in T cells acting for the most part as negative regulators of the canonical TCR pathway, costimulatory molecules such as CD28, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we examine the function of two close PTP homologs, PTP1B (PTPN1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP; PTPN2), which have been recently identified as promising candidates for novel T-cell immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we focus on recent studies that examine the known contributions of these PTPs to T-cell development, homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, we describe the signaling networks that underscored the ability of TCPTP and PTP1B, either individually and notably in combination, to attenuate TCR and JAK/STAT signals affecting T cell responses. Thus, we anticipate that uncovering the role of these two PTPs in T-cell biology may lead to new treatment strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This review concludes by exploring the impacts and risks that pharmacological inhibition of these PTP enzymes offers as a therapeutic approach in T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620333. [PMID: 33692794 PMCID: PMC7938726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology highlights the two-way communication between bone and immune cells. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2), is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) essential in regulating immune responses and bone metabolism via dephosphorylating target proteins. Tcptp knockout in systemic or specific immune cells can seriously damage the immune function, resulting in bone metabolism disorders. This review provided fresh insights into the potential role of TCPTP in osteoimmunology. Overall, the regulation of osteoimmunology by TCPTP is extremely complicated. TCPTP negatively regulates macrophages activation and inflammatory factors secretion to inhibit bone resorption. TCPTP regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and T lymphocytes-related cytokines signaling to maintain bone homeostasis. TCPTP is also expected to regulate bone metabolism by targeting B lymphocytes under certain time and conditions. This review offers a comprehensive update on the roles of TCPTP in osteoimmunology, which can be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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4
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Thaventhiran JED, Lango Allen H, Burren OS, Rae W, Greene D, Staples E, Zhang Z, Farmery JHR, Simeoni I, Rivers E, Maimaris J, Penkett CJ, Stephens J, Deevi SVV, Sanchis-Juan A, Gleadall NS, Thomas MJ, Sargur RB, Gordins P, Baxendale HE, Brown M, Tuijnenburg P, Worth A, Hanson S, Linger RJ, Buckland MS, Rayner-Matthews PJ, Gilmour KC, Samarghitean C, Seneviratne SL, Sansom DM, Lynch AG, Megy K, Ellinghaus E, Ellinghaus D, Jorgensen SF, Karlsen TH, Stirrups KE, Cutler AJ, Kumararatne DS, Chandra A, Edgar JDM, Herwadkar A, Cooper N, Grigoriadou S, Huissoon AP, Goddard S, Jolles S, Schuetz C, Boschann F, Lyons PA, Hurles ME, Savic S, Burns SO, Kuijpers TW, Turro E, Ouwehand WH, Thrasher AJ, Smith KGC. Whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort. Nature 2020; 583:90-95. [PMID: 32499645 PMCID: PMC7334047 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is characterized by recurrent and often life-threatening infections, autoimmunity and cancer, and it poses major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although the most severe forms of PID are identified in early childhood, most patients present in adulthood, typically with no apparent family history and a variable clinical phenotype of widespread immune dysregulation: about 25% of patients have autoimmune disease, allergy is prevalent and up to 10% develop lymphoid malignancies1-3. Consequently, in sporadic (or non-familial) PID genetic diagnosis is difficult and the role of genetics is not well defined. Here we address these challenges by performing whole-genome sequencing in a large PID cohort of 1,318 participants. An analysis of the coding regions of the genome in 886 index cases of PID found that disease-causing mutations in known genes that are implicated in monogenic PID occurred in 10.3% of these patients, and a Bayesian approach (BeviMed4) identified multiple new candidate PID-associated genes, including IVNS1ABP. We also examined the noncoding genome, and found deletions in regulatory regions that contribute to disease causation. In addition, we used a genome-wide association study to identify loci that are associated with PID, and found evidence for the colocalization of-and interplay between-novel high-penetrance monogenic variants and common variants (at the PTPN2 and SOCS1 loci). This begins to explain the contribution of common variants to the variable penetrance and phenotypic complexity that are observed in PID. Thus, using a cohort-based whole-genome-sequencing approach in the diagnosis of PID can increase diagnostic yield and further our understanding of the key pathways that influence immune responsiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E D Thaventhiran
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hana Lango Allen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver S Burren
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Rae
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Staples
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James H R Farmery
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilenia Simeoni
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Rivers
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jesmeen Maimaris
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Penkett
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sri V V Deevi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas S Gleadall
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Moira J Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- Gartnavel General Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ravishankar B Sargur
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pavels Gordins
- East Yorkshire Regional Adult Immunology and Allergy Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Helen E Baxendale
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Tuijnenburg
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Austen Worth
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steven Hanson
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel J Linger
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew S Buckland
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paula J Rayner-Matthews
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Crina Samarghitean
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silje F Jorgensen
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathleen E Stirrups
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antony J Cutler
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dinakantha S Kumararatne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anita Chandra
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J David M Edgar
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Nichola Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aarnoud P Huissoon
- West Midlands Immunodeficiency Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Goddard
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Boschann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- The NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Duval R, Bui LC, Mathieu C, Nian Q, Berthelet J, Xu X, Haddad I, Vinh J, Dupret JM, Busi F, Guidez F, Chomienne C, Rodrigues-Lima F. Benzoquinone, a leukemogenic metabolite of benzene, catalytically inhibits the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 and alters STAT1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12483-12494. [PMID: 31248982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it negatively regulates growth factor and cytokine signaling. PTPN2 is an important regulator of hematopoiesis and immune/inflammatory responses, as evidenced by loss-of-function mutations of PTPN2 in leukemia and lymphoma and knockout mice studies. Benzene is an environmental chemical that causes hematological malignancies, and its hematotoxicity arises from its bioactivation in the bone marrow to electrophilic metabolites, notably 1,4-benzoquinone, a major hematotoxic benzene metabolite. Although the molecular bases for benzene-induced leukemia are not well-understood, it has been suggested that benzene metabolites alter topoisomerases II function and thereby significantly contribute to leukemogenesis. However, several studies indicate that benzene and its hematotoxic metabolites may also promote the leukemogenic process by reacting with other targets and pathways. Interestingly, alterations of cell-signaling pathways, such as Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), have been proposed to contribute to benzene-induced malignant blood diseases. We show here that 1,4-benzoquinone directly impairs PTPN2 activity. Mechanistic and kinetic experiments with purified human PTPN2 indicated that this impairment results from the irreversible formation (k inact = 645 m-1·s-1) of a covalent 1,4-benzoquinone adduct at the catalytic cysteine residue of the enzyme. Accordingly, cell experiments revealed that 1,4-benzoquinone exposure irreversibly inhibits cellular PTPN2 and concomitantly increases tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of STAT1-regulated genes. Our results provide molecular and cellular evidence that 1,4-benzoquinone covalently modifies key signaling enzymes, implicating it in benzene-induced malignant blood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duval
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Linh-Chi Bui
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Mathieu
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Qing Nian
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Ximing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Iman Haddad
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, USR 3149, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, USR 3149, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Busi
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, UMRS 1131, INSERM, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Christine Chomienne
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, UMRS 1131, INSERM, F-75010 Paris, France; Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
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6
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Hamel-Côté G, Lapointe F, Véronneau S, Mayhue M, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. Regulation of platelet-activating factor-mediated interleukin-6 promoter activation by the 48 kDa but not the 45 kDa isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:51. [PMID: 31289638 PMCID: PMC6593612 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An underlying state of inflammation is thought to be an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Among cells involved in the early steps of atherosclerosis, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) respond to inflammatory stimuli, including platelet-activating factor (PAF), by the induction of various cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). PAF is a potent phospholipid mediator involved in both the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. It mediates its effects by binding to its cognate G-protein coupled receptor, PAFR. Activation of PAFR-induced signaling pathways is tightly coordinated to ensure specific cell responses. Results Here, we report that PAF stimulated the phosphatase activity of both the 45 and 48 kDa isoforms of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2). However, we found that only the 48 kDa PTPN2 isoform has a role in PAFR-induced signal transduction, leading to activation of the IL-6 promoter. In luciferase reporter assays, expression of the 48 kDa, but not the 45 kDa, PTPN2 isoform increased human IL-6 (hIL-6) promoter activity by 40% after PAF stimulation of HEK-293 cells, stably transfected with PAFR (HEK-PAFR). Our results suggest that the differential localization of the PTPN2 isoforms and the differences in PAF-induced phosphatase activation may contribute to the divergent modulation of PAF-induced IL-6 promoter activation. The involvement of PTPN2 in PAF-induced IL-6 expression was confirmed in immature Mo-DCs (iMo-DCs), using siRNAs targeting the two isoforms of PTPN2, where siRNAs against the 48 kDa PTPN2 significantly inhibited PAF-stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression. Pharmacological inhibition of several signaling pathways suggested a role for PTPN2 in early signaling events. Results obtained by Western blot confirmed that PTPN2 increased the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway via the modulation of protein kinase D (PKD) activity. WT PKD expression counteracted the effect of PTPN2 on PAF-induced IL-6 promoter transactivation and phosphorylation of Akt. Using siRNAs targeting the individual isoforms of PTPN2, we confirmed that these pathways were also active in iMo-DCs. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that PTPN2, in an isoform-specific manner, could be involved in the positive regulation of PI3K/Akt activation, via the modulation of PKD activity, allowing for the maximal induction of PAF-stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Hamel-Côté
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Fanny Lapointe
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Steeve Véronneau
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Jana Stankova
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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Nian Q, Berthelet J, Zhang W, Bui LC, Liu R, Xu X, Duval R, Ganesan S, Leger T, Chomienne C, Busi F, Guidez F, Dupret JM, Rodrigues Lima F. T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Is Irreversibly Inhibited by Etoposide-Quinone, a Reactive Metabolite of the Chemotherapy Drug Etoposide. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:297-306. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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PTPN2 Regulates Inflammasome Activation and Controls Onset of Intestinal Inflammation and Colon Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1835-1848. [PMID: 29444435 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) are associated with inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. The anti-inflammatory role of PTPN2 is highlighted by the fact that PTPN2-deficient mice die a few weeks after birth because of systemic inflammation and severe colitis. However, the tissues, cells, and molecular mechanisms that contribute to this phenotype remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific deletion of PTPN2 in mice (PTPN2-LysMCre) promotes intestinal inflammation but protects from colitis-associated tumor formation in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Elevated levels of mature IL-1β production in PTPN2-LysMCre mice are a consequence of increased inflammasome assembly due to elevated phosphorylation of the inflammasome adaptor molecule ASC. Thus, we have identified a dual role for myeloid PTPN2 in directly regulating inflammasome activation and IL-1β production to suppress pro-inflammatory responses during colitis but promote intestinal tumor development.
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TC-PTP and PTP1B: Regulating JAK-STAT signaling, controlling lymphoid malignancies. Cytokine 2016; 82:52-7. [PMID: 26817397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies are characterized by an accumulation of genetic lesions that act co-operatively to perturb signaling pathways and alter gene expression programs. The Janus kinases (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) pathway is one such pathway that is frequently mutated in leukemia and lymphoma. In response to cytokines and growth factors, a cascade of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation events propagates the JAK-STAT pathway from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activated STAT family members then play a fundamental role in establishing the transcriptional landscape of the cell. In leukemia and lymphoma, somatic mutations have been identified in JAK and STAT family members, as well as, negative regulators of the pathway. Most recently, inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes PTPN1 (PTP1B) and PTPN2 (TC-PTP) were sequenced in B cell lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) respectively. The loss of PTP1B and TC-PTP phosphatase activity is associated with an increase in cytokine sensitivity, elevated JAK-STAT signaling, and changes in gene expression. As inactivation mutations in PTPN1 and PTPN2 are restricted to distinct subsets of leukemia and lymphoma, a future challenge will be to identify in which cellular contexts do they contributing to the initiation or maintenance of leukemogenesis or lymphomagenesis. As well, the molecular mechanisms by which PTP1B and TC-PTP loss co-operates with other genetic aberrations will need to be elucidated to design more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Spalinger MR, McCole DF, Rogler G, Scharl M. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1034-1044. [PMID: 26811645 PMCID: PMC4716018 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory disorders. Expression of PTPN2 is enhanced in actively inflamed intestinal tissue featuring a marked up-regulation in intestinal epithelial cells. PTPN2 deficient mice suffer from severe intestinal and systemic inflammation and display aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, PTPN2 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory signalling cascades, and critical for protecting intestinal epithelial barrier function, regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, and finally for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. On one hand, dysfunction of PTPN2 has drastic effects on innate host defence mechanisms, including increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, limited autophagosome formation in response to invading pathogens, and disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. On the other hand, PTPN2 function is crucial for controlling adaptive immune functions, by regulating T cell proliferation and differentiation as well as maintaining T cell tolerance. In this way, dysfunction of PTPN2 contributes to the manifestation of IBD. The aim of this review is to present an overview of recent findings on the role of PTPN2 in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dysfunctional PTPN2 on intestinal inflammation.
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Role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in regulating the immune system: implications for chronic intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:645-55. [PMID: 25581833 PMCID: PMC4329025 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current hypothesis suggests that genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors contribute essentially to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Variations within the gene loci encoding protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have been associated with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease. PTPs modulate the activity of their substrates by dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues and are critical for the regulation of fundamental cellular signaling processes. Evidence emerges that expression levels of PTPN2, PTPN11, and PTPN22 are altered in actively inflamed intestinal tissue. PTPN2 seems to be critical for protecting intestinal epithelial barrier function, regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and finally for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. These observations have been confirmed in PTPN2 knockout mice in vivo. Those animals are clearly more susceptible to intestinal and systemic inflammation and feature alterations in innate and adaptive immune responses. PTPN22 controls inflammatory signaling in lymphocytes and mononuclear cells resulting in aberrant cytokine secretion pattern and autophagosome formation. PTPN22 deficiency in vivo results in more severe colitis demonstrating the relevance of PTPN22 for intestinal homeostasis in vivo. Of note, loss of PTPN22 promotes mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced cytokine secretion but limits secretion of nuclear factor κB-associated cytokines and autophagy in mononuclear cells. Loss of PTPN11 is also associated with increased colitis severity in vivo. In summary, dysfunction of those PTPs results in aberrant and uncontrolled immune responses that result in chronic inflammatory conditions. This way, it becomes more and more evident that dysfunction of PTPs displays an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation, in particular inflammatory bowel disease.
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Datta S, Parajuli N, Tymoszuk P, Ottina E, Parson W, Sgonc R, Villunger A, Doppler W. Replenishment of the B cell compartment after doxorubicin-induced hematopoietic toxicity is facilitated by STAT1. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:853-66. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Bourdeau A, Trop S, Doody KM, Dumont DJ, Tremblay ML, Tremblayef ML. Inhibition of T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase enhances interleukin-18-dependent hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Stem Cells 2013; 31:293-304. [PMID: 23135963 PMCID: PMC3593175 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of hematopoietic progenitor cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological diseases is hindered by current protocols, which are cumbersome and have limited efficacy to augment the progenitor cell pool. We report that inhibition of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), an enzyme involved in the regulation of cytokine signaling, through gene knockout results in a ninefold increase in the number of hematopoietic progenitors in murine bone marrow (BM). This effect could be reproduced using a short (48 hours) treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of TC-PTP in murine BM, as well as in human BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood. We also demonstrate that the ex vivo use of TC-PTP inhibitor only provides a temporary effect on stem cells and did not alter their capacity to reconstitute all hematopoietic components in vivo. We establish that one of the mechanisms whereby inhibition of TC-PTP mediates its effects involves the interleukin-18 (IL-18) signaling pathway, leading to increased production of IL-12 and interferon-gamma by progenitor cells. Together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for IL-18 in contributing to the augmentation of the stem cell pool and provide a novel and simple method to rapidly expand progenitor cells from a variety of sources using a pharmacological compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bourdeau
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cerosaletti K, Buckner JH. Protein tyrosine phosphatases and type 1 diabetes: genetic and functional implications of PTPN2 and PTPN22. Rev Diabet Stud 2012; 9:188-200. [PMID: 23804260 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2012.9.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a central role in modulating the transduction of cellular signals, including the cells of the immune system. Several PTPs, PTPN22, PTPN2, and UBASH3A, have been associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by genome wide association studies. Based on the current understanding of PTPs, it is clear that these variants impact antigen receptor signaling and cytokine signaling. This impact likely contributes to the development and progression of autoimmunity through multiple mechanisms, including failures of central and peripheral tolerance and the promotion of proinflammatory T cell responses. In this review, we discuss the genetic and functional implications of two of these PTPs, PTPN22 and PTPN2, in the development of T1D. We describe the known roles of these proteins in immune function, and how the expression and function of these proteins is altered by the genetic variants associated with T1D. Yet, there are still controversies in the field that require further study and the development of new approaches to extend our understanding of these PTP variants, with the goal of using the information gained to improve our ability to predict and cure T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Labbé DP, Hardy S, Tremblay ML. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer: friends and foes! PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 106:253-306. [PMID: 22340721 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396456-4.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins serves as an exquisite switch in controlling several key oncogenic signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Since protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counteract protein kinases by removing phosphate moieties on target proteins, one may intuitively think that PTPs would act as tumor suppressors. Indeed, one of the most described PTPs, namely, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), is a tumor suppressor. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that PTPs can also function as potent oncoproteins. In this chapter, we provide a broad historical overview of the PTPs, their mechanism of action, and posttranslational modifications. Then, we focus on the dual properties of classical PTPs (receptor and nonreceptor) and dual-specificity phosphatases in cancer and summarize the current knowledge of the signaling pathways regulated by key PTPs in human cancer. In conclusion, we present our perspective on the potential of these PTPs to serve as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Labbé
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Wiede F, Chew SH, van Vliet C, Poulton IJ, Kyparissoudis K, Sasmono T, Loh K, Tremblay ML, Godfrey DI, Sims NA, Tiganis T. Strain-dependent differences in bone development, myeloid hyperplasia, morbidity and mortality in ptpn2-deficient mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36703. [PMID: 22590589 PMCID: PMC3348136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP (encoded by PTPN2) have been linked with the development of autoimmunity. Here we have used Cre/LoxP recombination to generate Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice with a global deficiency in TCPTP on a C57BL/6 background and compared the phenotype of these mice to Ptpn2(-/-) mice (BALB/c-129SJ) generated previously by homologous recombination and backcrossed onto the BALB/c background. Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice exhibited growth retardation and a median survival of 32 days, as compared to 21 days for Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice, but the overt signs of morbidity (hunched posture, piloerection, decreased mobility and diarrhoea) evident in Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice were not detected in Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice. At 14 days of age, bone development was delayed in Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice. This was associated with increased trabecular bone mass and decreased bone remodeling, a phenotype that was not evident in Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice. Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice had defects in erythropoiesis and B cell development as evident in Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice, but not splenomegaly and did not exhibit an accumulation of myeloid cells in the spleen as seen in Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice. Moreover, thymic atrophy, another feature of Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice, was delayed in Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice and preceded by an increase in thymocyte positive selection and a concomitant increase in lymph node T cells. Backcrossing Ptpn2(-/-) (BALB/c) mice onto the C57BL/6 background largely recapitulated the phenotype of Ptpn2(ex2-/ex2-) mice. Taken together these results reaffirm TCPTP's important role in lymphocyte development and indicate that the effects on morbidity, mortality, bone development and the myeloid compartment are strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sock Hui Chew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Tedjo Sasmono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- McGill Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Pike KA, Tremblay ML. Regulating naïve and memory CD8 T cell homeostasis - a role for protein tyrosine phosphatases. FEBS J 2012; 280:432-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key pathological feature of type 2 diabetes and is characterized by defects in signaling by the insulin receptor (IR) protein tyrosine kinase. The inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that antagonize IR signaling may provide a means for enhancing the insulin response and alleviating insulin resistance. The prototypic phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatase PTP1B dephosphorylates the IR and attenuates insulin signaling in muscle and liver. Mice that are deficient for PTP1B exhibit improved glucose homeostasis in diet and genetic models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The phosphatase TCPTP shares 72% catalytic domain sequence identity with PTP1B and has also been implicated in IR regulation. Despite their high degree of similarity, PTP1B and TCPTP act together in vitro and in vivo to regulate insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. This review highlights their capacity to act specifically and nonredundantly in cellular signaling, describes their roles in IR regulation and glucose homeostasis, and discusses their potential as drug targets for the enhancement of IR phosphorylation and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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Corfe SA, Paige CJ. The many roles of IL-7 in B cell development; mediator of survival, proliferation and differentiation. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:198-208. [PMID: 22421572 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays several important roles during B cell development including aiding in; the specification and commitment of cells to the B lineage, the proliferation and survival of B cell progenitors; and maturation during the pro-B to pre-B cell transition. Regulation and modulation of IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) signaling is critical during B lymphopoiesis, because excessive or deficient IL-7R signaling leads to abnormal or inhibited B cell development. IL-7 works together with E2A, EBF, Pax-5 and other transcription factors to regulate B cell commitment, while also functions to regulate Ig rearrangement by modulating FoxO protein activation and Rag enhancer activity. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are inhibitors of cytokine activation and, in B cells, function to fine tune IL-7R signaling; ensuring that appropriate IL-7 signals are transmitted to allow for efficient B cell commitment and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Corfe
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Doody KM, Bussières-Marmen S, Li A, Paquet M, Henderson JE, Tremblay ML. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase deficiency results in spontaneous synovitis and subchondral bone resorption in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:752-61. [DOI: 10.1002/art.33399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Corfe SA, Rottapel R, Paige CJ. Modulation of IL-7 Thresholds by SOCS Proteins in Developing B Lineage Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3499-510. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Queiroz KCS, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM. Reversible phosphorylation in haematological malignancies: potential role for protein tyrosine phosphatases in treatment? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:287-303. [PMID: 20659529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Most aspects of leukocyte physiology are under the control of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation. It is clear that excessive phosphorylation of signal transduction elements is a pivotal element of many different pathologies including haematological malignancies and accordingly, strategies that target such phosphorylation have clinically been proven highly successful for treatment of multiple types of leukemias and lymphomas. Cellular phosphorylation status is dependent on the resultant activity of kinases and phosphatases. The cell biology of the former is now well understood; for most cellular phosphoproteins we now know the kinases responsible for their phosphorylation and we understand the principles of their aberrant activity in disease. With respect to phosphatases, however, our knowledge is much patchier. Although the sequences of whole genomes allow us to identify phosphatases using in silico methodology, whereas transcription profiling allows us to understand how phosphatase expression is regulated during disease, most functional questions as to substrate specificity, dynamic regulation of phosphatase activity and potential for therapeutic intervention are still to a large degree open. Nevertheless, recent studies have allowed us to make meaningful statements on the role of tyrosine phosphatase activity in the three major signaling pathways that are commonly affected in leukemias, i.e. the Ras-Raf-ERK1/2, the Jak-STAT and the PI3K-PKB-mTOR pathways. Lessons learned from these pathways may well be applicable elsewhere in leukocyte biology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Ruela-de-Sousa
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We sought to determine the contributions of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas. We found that T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) was overexpressed in transformed B cells. We hypothesized that TC-PTP may be a tumor-promoting gene that is regulated by MYC overexpression in B cells. Knockdown of TC-PTP in murine tumors resulted in decreased cell viability in vitro because of an arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, cells with reduced TC-PTP expression were unable to either engraft or expand in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that TC-PTP is required for B-cell tumor maintenance. Our data also suggested a correlation between TC-PTP expression and MYC overexpression. To investigate this further, we used malignant murine B cells that contain a doxycycline-repressible MYC transgene. We found that repression of MYC overexpression with doxycycline reduced TC-PTP expression. Moreover, enforced expression of TC-PTP showed partial rescue of the expansion of tumor cells after suppression of MYC overexpression. These results suggest that MYC overexpression induces TC-PTP overexpression, which in turn promotes tumor proliferation, implicating TC-PTP as an important effector of the MYC-driven proliferation program in B-cell lymphomas. Thus, TC-PTP may be a suitable molecular target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
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Lee SW, Salek-Ardakani S, Mittler RS, Croft M. Hypercostimulation through 4-1BB distorts homeostasis of immune cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6753-62. [PMID: 19454670 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious side effects associated with a recent clinical trial with anti-CD28 superagonist Abs have questioned the use of reagents to costimulatory molecules in human therapy. We now show that sustained signaling from an agonist Ab to 4-1BB, a member of the TNFR superfamily, results in detrimental effects on immune cell homeostasis. Repeated anti-4-1BB treatment during the reconstitution of hematopoietic cells in irradiated mice engrafted with bone marrow, or in mice infected with vaccinia virus, induced abnormal apoptosis of premature and immature B cells in the bone marrow, and led to peripheral B cell depletion. Inhibition of B cell development was indirect and due to costimulation of CD8 T cells and dependent on IFN-gamma. Moreover, anti-4-1BB also suppressed the development of NK and NKT cells, but in this case independently of T cells and IFN-gamma. The altered NK cell homeostasis resulted from activation-induced cell death triggered by anti-4-1BB. These results show that hypercostimulation elicits strong T cell immunity, but it can simultaneously distort immune homeostasis, suggesting that careful attention to activity, dose, and periodicity of treatment will be needed in any immunotherapeutic strategy with agonist Abs to costimulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Moore F, Colli ML, Cnop M, Esteve MI, Cardozo AK, Cunha DA, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. PTPN2, a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes, modulates interferon-gamma-induced pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis. Diabetes 2009; 58:1283-91. [PMID: 19336676 PMCID: PMC2682688 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes has a strong genetic component. Genome-wide association scans recently identified novel susceptibility genes including the phosphatases PTPN22 and PTPN2. We hypothesized that PTPN2 plays a direct role in beta-cell demise and assessed PTPN2 expression in human islets and rat primary and clonal beta-cells, besides evaluating its role in cytokine-induced signaling and beta-cell apoptosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PTPN2 mRNA and protein expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot. Small interfering (si)RNAs were used to inhibit the expression of PTPN2 and downstream STAT1 in beta-cells, allowing the assessment of cell death after cytokine treatment. RESULTS PTPN2 mRNA and protein are expressed in human islets and rat beta-cells and upregulated by cytokines. Transfection with PTPN2 siRNAs inhibited basal- and cytokine-induced PTPN2 expression in rat beta-cells and dispersed human islets cells. Decreased PTPN2 expression exacerbated interleukin (IL)-1beta + interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced beta-cell apoptosis and turned IFN-gamma alone into a proapoptotic signal. Inhibition of PTPN2 amplified IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, whereas double knockdown of both PTPN2 and STAT1 protected beta-cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis, suggesting that STAT1 hyperactivation is responsible for the aggravation of cytokine-induced beta-cell death in PTPN2-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified a functional role for the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 in modulating IFN-gamma signal transduction at the beta-cell level. PTPN2 regulates cytokine-induced apoptosis and may thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Moore
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP-1B and TC-PTP play nonredundant roles in macrophage development and IFN-gamma signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:9368-72. [PMID: 19474293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of tyrosine phosphorylation depends on the fine balance between kinase and phosphatase activities. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) and T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) are 2 closely related phosphatases known to control cytokine signaling. We studied the functional redundancy of PTP-1B and TC-PTP by deleting 1 or both copies of these genes by interbreeding TC-PTP and PTP-1B parental lines. Our results indicate that the double mutant (tcptp(-/-)ptp1b(-/-)) is lethal at day E9.5-10.5 of embryonic development with constitutive phosphorylation of Stat1. Mice heterozygous for TC-PTP on a PTP-1B-deficient background (tcptp(+/-)ptp1b(-/-)) developed signs of inflammation. Macrophages from these animals were highly sensitive to IFN-gamma, as demonstrated by increased Stat1 phosphorylation and nitric oxide production. In addition, splenic T cells demonstrated increased IFN-gamma secretion capacity. Mice with deletions of single copies of TC-PTP and PTP-1B (tcptp(+/-)ptp1b(+/-)) exhibited normal development, confirming that these genes are not interchangeable. Together, these data indicate a nonredundant role for PTP-1B and TC-PTP in the regulation of IFN signaling.
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Doody KM, Bourdeau A, Tremblay ML. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a key regulator in immune cell signaling: lessons from the knockout mouse model and implications in human disease. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:325-41. [PMID: 19290937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system requires for its proper ontogeny, differentiation, and maintenance the function of several tyrosine kinases and adapters that create and modify tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial protein modification in immune cell signaling and can be reversed by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Much progress has been made in identifying and understanding PTP function in the immune system. In this review, we present one of these proteins, named T-cell PTPs (TC-PTP) (gene name PTPN2), a classical, non-receptor PTP that is ubiquitously expressed with particularly high expression in hematopoietic tissues. TC-PTP is remarkable not only by the fact that it appears to influence most, if not all, cells involved in the development of the immune system, from stem cells to differentiated lineages, but also recent findings have positioned it at the core of several human diseases from autoimmune disease to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doody
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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An Ehrlichia chaffeensis tandem repeat protein interacts with multiple host targets involved in cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle trafficking. Infect Immun 2009; 77:1734-45. [PMID: 19273555 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00027-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular bacterium that exhibits tropism for mononuclear phagocytes forming cytoplasmic membrane-bound microcolonies called morulae. To survive and replicate within phagocytes, E. chaffeensis exploits the host cell by modulating a number of host cell processes, but the ehrlichial effector proteins involved are unknown. In this study, we determined that p47, a secreted, differentially expressed, tandem repeat (TR) protein, interacts with multiple host proteins associated with cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle trafficking. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that p47 interacts with polycomb group ring finger 5 (PCGF5) protein, Src protein tyrosine kinase FYN (FYN), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), and adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1). p47 interaction with these proteins was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation assays and colocalization in HeLa cells transfected with p47-green fluorescent fusion protein (AcGFP1-p47). Moreover, confocal microscopy demonstrated p47-expressing dense-cored (DC) ehrlichiae colocalized with PCGF5, FYN, PTPN2, and CAP1. An amino-terminally truncated form of p47 containing TRs interacted only with PCGF5 and not with FYN, PTPN2, and CAP1, indicating differences in p47 domains that are involved in these interactions. These results demonstrate that p47 is involved in a complex network of interactions involving numerous host cell proteins. Furthermore, this study provides a new insight into the molecular and functional distinction of DC ehrlichiae, as well as the effector proteins involved in facilitating ehrlichial survival in mononuclear phagocytes.
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Modulation of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Activity by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2008; 18:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xu D, Qu CK. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in the JAK/STAT pathway. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2008; 13:4925-32. [PMID: 18508557 DOI: 10.2741/3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is crucial in controlling cellular activities in response to extracellular cytokines. Dysfunctions of the JAK/STAT pathway result in various hematopoietic and immune disorders. The central events in regulating this pathway are tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the signaling components, which are carried out by protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), respectively. Here, we review recent advances in the regulatory roles of PTPs, in particular, SHP2 phosphatase, in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Stuible M, Doody KM, Tremblay ML. PTP1B and TC-PTP: regulators of transformation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:215-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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