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Gao J, Santana-Santos L, Fu L, Alvey E, Chen Q, Wolniak K, Xia Z, Aqil B, Behdad A, Ji P, Sukhanova M, Abaza Y, Altman JK, Chen YH, Lu X. Clinical implications of additional chromosomal abnormalities in adult acute myeloid leukemia with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:964-974. [PMID: 38388794 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assesses the clinical significance of additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACAs) and/or the deletion of 3'CBFB (3'CBFBdel) resulting in unbalanced CBFB::MYH11 fusion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathologic features of 47 adult de novo AML with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11 fusion. There were 44 balanced and 3 unbalanced CBFB::MYH11 fusions. Given the low frequency of unbalanced cases, the latter group was combined with 19 published cases (N = 22) for statistic and meta-analysis. RESULTS Both balanced and unbalanced cases were characterized by frequent ACAs (56.5% and 72.7%, respectively), with +8, +22, and del(7q) as the most frequent abnormalities. The unbalanced group tends to be younger individuals (p = .04) and is associated with a lower remission rate (p = .02), although the median overall survival (OS) was not statistically different (p = .2868). In the balanced group, "ACA" subgroup had higher mortality (p = .013) and shorter OS (p = .011), and patients with relapsed disease had a significantly shorter OS (p = .0011). Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that ACAs and history of disease relapse are independent risk factors, irrespective of disease relapse status. In the combined cohort, cases with ACAs had shorter OS than those with "Sole" abnormality (p = .0109). CONCLUSIONS ACAs are independent high-risk factors in adult AML with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11 fusion and should be integrated for risk stratification in this disease. Larger studies are needed to assess the clinical significance of the unbalanced CBFB::MYH11 fusion resulting from the 3'CBFBdel.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Adult
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Chromosome Inversion
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Young Adult
- Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/genetics
- Adolescent
- Aged, 80 and over
- Translocation, Genetic
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lucas Santana-Santos
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lucy Fu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Alvey
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristy Wolniak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zongjun Xia
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Barina Aqil
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yasmin Abaza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica K Altman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Mavridou E, Lema Fernandez AG, Nardelli C, Pierini V, Quintini M, Arniani S, Di Giacomo D, Crescenzi B, Matteucci C, Sambani C, Mecucci C. A novel t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) translocation adds to the role of BCOR and RUNX1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23235. [PMID: 38656651 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In myeloid neoplasms, both fusion genes and gene mutations are well-established events identifying clinicopathological entities. In this study, we present a thus far undescribed t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) in five cases with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The translocation was isolated or accompanied by additional changes. It did not generate any fusion gene or gene deregulation by aberrant juxtaposition with regulatory sequences. Molecular analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing showed that the translocation was accompanied by at least one somatic mutation in TET2, EZH2, RUNX1, ASXL1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, DNMT3A, and NRAS genes. Co-occurrence of deletion of RUNX1 in 21q22 and of BCOR in Xp11 was associated with t(X;21). BCOR haploinsufficiency corresponded to a significant hypo-expression in t(X;21) cases, compared to normal controls and to normal karyotype AML. By contrast, RUNX1 expression was not altered, suggesting a compensatory effect by the remaining allele. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that overexpression of HOXA9 differentiated t(X;21) from both controls and t(8;21)-positive AML. In conclusion, we characterized a new recurrent reciprocal t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) chromosome translocation in MDS and AML, generating simultaneous BCOR and RUNX1 deletions rather than a fusion gene at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mavridou
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Nardelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pierini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Quintini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Arniani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danika Di Giacomo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Crescenzi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Matteucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Constantina Sambani
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Liu Q, Li S, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Rios FJ, Zou Z, Touyz RM. Cardiovascular toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors during cancer treatment: Potential involvement of TRPM7. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1002438. [PMID: 36818331 PMCID: PMC9936099 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of membrane spanning cell-surface receptors that transmit extracellular signals through the membrane to trigger diverse intracellular signaling through tyrosine kinases (TKs), and play important role in cancer development. Therapeutic approaches targeting RTKs such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and TKs, such as c-Src, ABL, JAK, are widely used to treat human cancers. Despite favorable benefits in cancer treatment that prolong survival, these tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies targeting RTKs are also accompanied by adverse effects, including cardiovascular toxicity. Mechanisms underlying TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity remain unclear. The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed chanzyme consisting of a membrane-based ion channel and intracellular α-kinase. TRPM7 is a cation channel that regulates transmembrane Mg2+ and Ca2+ and is involved in a variety of (patho)physiological processes in the cardiovascular system, contributing to hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and atrial arrhythmias. Of importance, we and others demonstrated significant cross-talk between TRPM7, RTKs, and TK signaling in different cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which might be a link between TKIs and their cardiovascular effects. In this review, we summarize the implications of RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) and TKIs in cardiovascular toxicities during anti-cancer treatment, with a focus on the potential role of TRPM7/Mg2+ as a mediator of RTKI/TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity. We also describe the important role of TRPM7 in cancer development and cardiovascular diseases, and the interaction between TRPM7 and RTKs, providing insights for possible mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease in cancer patients treated with RTKI/TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Francisco J. Rios
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Zhiguo Zou ✉
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Rhian M. Touyz ✉
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4
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Sharma M, Anandram S, Ross C, Srivastava S. FUBP3 regulates chronic myeloid leukaemia progression through PRC2 complex regulated PAK1-ERK signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:15-29. [PMID: 36478132 PMCID: PMC9806296 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance and heterogeneity in differential response towards tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) treatment has led to the exploration of factors independent of the Philadelphia chromosome. Among these are the association of deletions of genes on derivative (der) 9 chromosome with adverse outcomes in CML patients. However, the functional role of genes near the breakpoint on der (9) in CML prognosis and progression remains largely unexplored. Copy number variation and mRNA expression were evaluated for five genes located near the breakpoint on der (9). Our data showed a significant association between microdeletions of the FUBP3 gene and its reduced expression with poor prognostic markers and adverse response outcomes in CML patients. Further investigation using K562 cells showed that the decrease in FUBP3 protein was associated with an increase in proliferation and survival due to activation of the MAPK-ERK pathway. We have established a novel direct interaction of FUBP3 protein and PRC2 complex in the regulation of ERK signalling via PAK1. Our findings demonstrate the role of the FUBP3 gene located on der (9) in poor response and progression in CML with the identification of additional druggable targets such as PAK1 in improving response outcomes in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sharma
- Department of MedicineSt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Seetharam Anandram
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Clinical HematologySt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
| | - Cecil Ross
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Clinical HematologySt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and ImmunohematologySt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
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5
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Tang G, Zou Y, Wang SA, Borthakur G, Toruner G, Hu S, Li S, Xu J, Medeiros LJ, Tang Z. 3′CBFB deletion in CBFB-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia retains morphological features associated with inv(16), but patients have higher risk of relapse and may require stem cell transplant. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:847-854. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Fernandes A, Shanmuganathan N, Branford S. Genomic Mechanisms Influencing Outcome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:620. [PMID: 35158889 PMCID: PMC8833554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents the disease prototype of genetically based diagnosis and management. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), that target the causal BCR::ABL1 fusion protein, exemplify the success of molecularly based therapy. Most patients now have long-term survival; however, TKI resistance is a persistent clinical problem. TKIs are effective in the BCR::ABL1-driven chronic phase of CML but are relatively ineffective for clinically defined advanced phases. Genomic investigation of drug resistance using next-generation sequencing for CML has lagged behind other hematological malignancies. However, emerging data show that genomic abnormalities are likely associated with suboptimal response and drug resistance. This has already been supported by the presence of BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutations in drug resistance, which led to the development of more potent TKIs. Next-generation sequencing studies are revealing additional mutations associated with resistance. In this review, we discuss the initiating chromosomal translocation that may not always be a straightforward reciprocal event between chromosomes 9 and 22 but can sometimes be accompanied by sequence deletion, inversion, and rearrangement. These events may biologically reflect a more genomically unstable disease prone to acquire mutations. We also discuss the future role of cancer-related gene mutation analysis for risk stratification in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.F.); (N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Naranie Shanmuganathan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.F.); (N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Susan Branford
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.F.); (N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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7
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Zhang H, Liu M, Wang X, Ren Y, Kim YM, Wang X, Lu X, Pang H, Liu G, Gu Y, Sun M, Shi Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li S, Zhang L. Genomic Copy Number Variants in CML Patients With the Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph+): An Update. Front Genet 2021; 12:697009. [PMID: 34447409 PMCID: PMC8383316 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.697009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Submicroscopic segmental imbalances detected by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) were discovered to be common in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with t(9;22) as the sole chromosomal anomaly. To confirm the findings of the previous study and expand the investigation, additional CML patients with t(9;22) as the sole chromosomal anomaly were recruited and copy number variants (CNVs) were searched for. Methods Karyotyping tests were performed on 106 CML patients during January 2010-September 2019 in our Genetics Laboratory. Eighty-four (79.2%) patients had the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome as the sole chromosomal anomaly. Only 49(58.3%) of these 84 patients had sufficient marrow or leukemia blood materials to additionally be included in the array-CGH analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out to confirm the genes covered by the deleted or duplicated regions of the CNVs. Results 11(22.4%) out of the 49 patients were found to have one to three somatic segmental somatic segmental (CNVs), including fourteen deletions and three duplications. The common region associated with deletions was on 9q33.3-34.12. Identified in five (45.5%) of the 11 positive patients with segmental CNVs, the deletions ranged from 106 kb to 4.1 Mb in size. Two (18.2%) cases had a deletion in the ABL1-BCR fusion gene on der (9), while three (27.3%) cases had a deletion in the ASS1 gene. The remaining CNVs were randomly distributed on different autosomes. Conclusion Subtle genomic CNVs are relatively common in CML patients without cytogenetically visible additional chromosomal aberrations (ACAs). Long-term studies investigating the potential impact on patient prognosis and treatment outcome is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingran Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anshan Hospital of First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Anshan, China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Dalian Children's Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Single-Strand Annealing in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042167. [PMID: 33671579 PMCID: PMC7926775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most serious forms of DNA damage. In humans, DSBs are repaired mainly by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). Single-strand annealing (SSA), another DSB repair system, uses homologous repeats flanking a DSB to join DNA ends and is error-prone, as it removes DNA fragments between repeats along with one repeat. Many DNA deletions observed in cancer cells display homology at breakpoint junctions, suggesting the involvement of SSA. When multiple DSBs occur in different chromosomes, SSA may result in chromosomal translocations, essential in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Inhibition of RAD52 (RAD52 Homolog, DNA Repair Protein), the master regulator of SSA, results in decreased proliferation of BRCA1/2 (BRCA1/2 DNA Repair Associated)-deficient cells, occurring in many hereditary breast and ovarian cancer cases. Therefore, RAD52 may be targeted in synthetic lethality in cancer. SSA may modulate the response to platinum-based anticancer drugs and radiation. SSA may increase the efficacy of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR associated 9) genome editing and reduce its off-target effect. Several basic problems associated with SSA, including its evolutionary role, interplay with HRR and NHEJ and should be addressed to better understand its role in cancer pathogenesis and therapy.
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9
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Gao M, Li S, Wang L, Nie S, Pang H, Lu X, Wang X, Wang M, Guo S, Ma Y, Meng F. Identification of a cryptic submicroscopic deletion using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization in a t(3;5)(q25;q35)-positive acute myeloid leukemia patient: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22789. [PMID: 33120794 PMCID: PMC7581054 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The advent of high-resolution genome arrays including array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has enabled the detection of cryptic submicroscopic deletions flanking translocation breakpoints in up to 20% of the apparently "balanced" structural chromosomal rearrangements in hematological disorders. However, reports of submicroscopic deletions flanking the breakpoints of t(3;5)(q25;q35) are rare and the clinical significance of submicroscopic deletions in t(3;5) has not been explicitly identified. PATIENT CONCERNS We present a 47-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia. G-banding analysis identified t(3;5)(q25;q35). DIAGNOSIS Array CGH-based detection initially confirmed only the deletion of chromosome 3. Further characterization using fluorescence in situ hybridization identified a cryptic submicroscopic deletion including 5' MLF1-3' NPM1 flanking the breakpoint on the derivative chromosome 3. INTERVENTIONS The patient started "7+3" induction chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin, and subsequently received 2 cycles of high-dose intermittent acronym of cytosine arabinoside or cytarabine. OUTCOMES The patient did not undergo complete remission and died from an infection due to neutropenia. LESSONS Haploinsufficiency of NPM1 or other deleted genes, including SSR3, may be responsible for the phenotype of t(3;5)(q25;q35)-positive myeloid neoplasms with submicroscopic deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin
| | - Shu Nie
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Public Health School of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin
| | - Fanzheng Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin
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10
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Mendes A, Jühlen R, Martinelli V, Fahrenkrog B. Targeted CRM1-inhibition perturbs leukemogenic NUP214 fusion proteins and exerts anti-cancer effects in leukemia cell lines with NUP214 rearrangements. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3371-3386. [PMID: 32934780 PMCID: PMC7486696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations fusing the locus of nucleoporin NUP214 each with the proto-oncogenes SET and DEK are recurrent in, largely intractable, acute leukemias. The molecular basis underlying the pathogenesis of SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 are still poorly understood, but both chimeras inhibit protein nuclear export mediated by the β-karyopherin CRM1. In this report, we show that SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 both disturb the localization of proteins essential for nucleocytoplasmic transport, in particular for CRM1-mediated protein export. Endogenous and exogenous SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 form nuclear bodies. These nuclear bodies disperse upon targeted inhibition of CRM1 and the two fusion proteins re-localize throughout the nucleoplasm. Moreover, SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 nuclear bodies reestablish shortly after removal of CRM1 inhibitors. Likewise, cell viability, metabolism, and proliferation of leukemia cell lines harboring SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 are compromised by CRM1 inhibition, which is even sustained after clearance from CRM1 antagonists. Our results indicate CRM1 as a possible therapeutic target in NUP214-related leukemia. This is especially important, since no specific or targeted treatment options for NUP214 driven leukemia are available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia Mendes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
| | - Ramona Jühlen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Valérie Martinelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
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11
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Molecular karyotyping and gene expression analysis in childhood cancer patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1107-1123. [PMID: 32577795 PMCID: PMC7769790 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The genetic etiology of sporadic childhood cancer cases remains unclear. We recruited a cohort of 20 patients who survived a childhood malignancy and then developed a second primary cancer (2N), and 20 carefully matched patients who survived a childhood cancer without developing a second malignancy (1N). Twenty matched cancer-free (0N) and additional 1000 (0N) GHS participants served as controls. Aiming to identify new candidate loci for cancer predisposition, we compared the genome-wide DNA copy number variations (CNV) with the RNA-expression data obtained after in vitro irradiation of primary fibroblasts. In 2N patients, we detected a total of 142 genes affected by CNV. A total of 53 genes of these were not altered in controls. Six genes (POLR3F, SEC23B, ZNF133, C16orf45, RRN3, and NTAN1) that we found to be overexpressed after irradiation were also duplicated in the genome of the 2N patients. For the 1N collective, 185 genes were affected by CNV and 38 of these genes were not altered in controls. Five genes (ZCWPW2, SYNCRIP, DHX30, DHRS4L2, and THSD1) were located in duplicated genomic regions and exhibited altered RNA expression after irradiation. One gene (ABCC6) was partially duplicated in one 1N and one 2N patient. Analysis of methylation levels of THSD1 and GSTT2 genes which were detected in duplicated regions and are frequently aberrantly methylated in cancer showed no changes in patient’s fibroblasts. In summary, we describe rare and radiation-sensitive genes affected by CNV in childhood sporadic cancer cases, which may have an impact on cancer development. Key messages • Rare CNV’s may have an impact on cancer development in sporadic, non-familial, non-syndromic childhood cancer cases. • In our cohort, each patient displayed a unique pattern of cancer-related gene CNVs, and only few cases shared similar CNV. • Genes that are transcriptionally regulated after radiation can be located in CNVs in cancer patients and controls. • THSD1 and GSTT2 methylation is not altered by CNV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-020-01937-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lv L, Yu J, Qi Z. Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) and deletion of the 5'MYH11/3'CBFB gene fusion: a report of two cases and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:4. [PMID: 32015759 PMCID: PMC6990480 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of chromosome 16 are found in about 5–8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t (16;16)(p13.1;q22) is associated with a high rate of complete remission (CR) and favorable overall survival (OS) when treated with high-dose Cytarabine. At the inversion breakpoints, deletion of 3’CBFB has been reported, but most of them were studied by chromosome and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. The genomic characteristics of such deletions remain largely undefined, hindering further understanding of the clinical significance of the deletions. Case presentation We report here two AML cases with inv(16) and deletion of the 5’MYH11/3’CBFB gene fusion, which were characterized by chromosome, FISH, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analyses. Both cases have achieved CR for more than three years. Conclusions Deletion of 3’CBFB in AML with inv(16) is also accompanied with deletion of 5’MYH11 in all the cases studied by SNP microarray, suggesting that 3’CBFB and 5’MYH11 were most likely deleted together as a fusion product of inv(16) instead of occurring separately. In concert with the findings of other published studies of similar patients, our study suggests that deletion of 5’MYH11/3’CBFB in AML with inv(16) may not have negative impact on the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lv
- 1Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Zhongxia Qi
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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13
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Rogers HJ, Hsi ED, Tang G, Wang SA, Bueso-Ramos CE, Lubin D, Morrissette JJD, Bagg A, Cherukuri DP, George TI, Peterson L, Liu YC, Mathew S, Orazi A, Hasserjian RP. Most Myeloid Neoplasms With Deletion of Chromosome 16q Are Distinct From Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13.1q22): A Bone Marrow Pathology Group Multicenter Study. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:411-419. [PMID: 28375434 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Isolated deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16 (del(16q)) is rare in myeloid neoplasms (MNs) and was historically considered a variant of inv(16)(p13.1q22) (inv(16)), a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with CBFB-MYH11 rearrangement and favorable prognosis. This study aims to determine clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with isolated del(16q) in MNs in comparison to AMLs with isolated inv(16). METHODS Clinicopathologic features were retrospectively reviewed in 18 MNs with del(16q) and 34 AMLs with inv(16) patients from seven institutions. RESULTS MNs with del(16q) occurred in elderly patients, often as secondary MNs. Blood monocytes and marrow eosinophils were lower in del(16q) than inv(16). Deletion of CBFB but not CBFB-MYH11 rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 14 of 14 del(16q) patients. The median overall survival was shorter in del(16q) than in inv(16) patients (12 vs 94 months, log rank P = .0002). CONCLUSIONS Myeloid neoplasms with isolated del(16q) with deletion of the CBFB but lacking CBFB-MYH11 rearrangement should not be considered a variant of the AML-defining inv(16).
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun J Rogers
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Eric D Hsi
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Carlos E Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Daniel Lubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Tracy I George
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - LoAnn Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Susan Mathew
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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14
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Lund HL, Hughesman CB, McNeil K, Clemens S, Hocken K, Pettersson R, Karsan A, Foster LJ, Haynes C. Initial diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia based on quantification of M-BCR status using droplet digital PCR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1079-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Bennour A, Saad A, Sennana H. Chronic myeloid leukemia: Relevance of cytogenetic and molecular assays. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:263-74. [PMID: 26412717 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the prototype cytogenetic malignancy. Even before the development of basic G- and R-banding techniques, CML was found to be associated with a persistent chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Banding technology later showed the marker chromosome to be a translocation between the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) on chromosome 22q11.2 and the Abelson proto-oncogene (ABL) on chromosome 9q34. Further advances in cytogenetic and molecular biology have also contributed to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of CML. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has revealed cryptic translocations in most cases of Ph-negative CML. Additional rare chromosomal variant translocations have been discovered as well. The understanding of cytogenetic and molecular physiopathology of CML has led to the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as treatment for this disease with spectacular success. Over the 40 years since being identified as the first cytogenetic disease, CML has become the greatest success in translating the basic science of oncology into the treatment of patients with cancer. In this review we will not only summarize the biology of CML, recent progress in the delineation of mechanisms and treatment strategies, but also we will discuss the laboratory tools used for diagnosing CML, for monitoring during treatment and for revealing point mutations and additional chromosomal abnormalities. In doing so, we will describe in detail our individual research on CML, identifying why and how these tests were performed to help to explain CML subgroups and clinical significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Bennour
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Saad
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Halima Sennana
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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16
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Diagnosis and subclassification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2014; 6:e2014073. [PMID: 25408859 PMCID: PMC4235437 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2014.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a disseminated malignancy of B- or T-lymphoblasts which imposes a rapid and accurate diagnostic process to support an optimal risk-oriented therapy and thus increase the curability rate. The need for a precise diagnostic algorithm is underlined by the awareness that both ALL therapy and related success rates may vary greatly between ALL subsets, from standard chemotherapy in patients with standard-risk ALL, to allotransplantation (SCT) and targeted therapy in high-risk patients and cases expressing suitable biological targets, respectively. This review summarizes how best to identify ALL and the most relevant ALL subsets.
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17
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Kjeldsen E. A novel insertion ins(18;5)(q21.1;q31.2q35.1) in acute myeloid leukemia associated with microdeletions at 5q31.2, 5q35.1q35.2 and 18q12.3q21.1 detected by oligobased array comparative genomic hybridization. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:63. [PMID: 25279000 PMCID: PMC4180307 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonrandom clonal chromosomal aberrations can be detected in approximately 55% of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities play an important role in diagnosis, classification and prognosis of AML. However, several chromosomal abnormalities have not been completely determined or characterized, primarily because of their low incidence and limited amount of data. RESULTS We characterized an AML patient with a novel apparently balanced insertion ins(18;5)(q21;q31.2q35.1) that was cryptic by G-banding. The rearrangement was further examined by molecular cytogenetic methods and oligobased high-resolution array CGH (oaCGH) analysis. We show that an approximately 31.8 Mb large segment from chromosome 5 bands q31.2 to q35.1 has been inserted, by a direct mechanism, into chromosome 18 between bands q12.3 and q21.1. The insertion was unbalanced with concurrent submicroscopic deletions at 5q31.2 (approximately 0.37 Mb in size), 5q35.1q35.2 (approximately 1.98 Mb in size), and 18q12.3q21.1 (approximately 2.07 Mb in size). The microdeletions affect genes on 5q and 18q that have been associated with hematological malignancy and other cancers. A novel juxtaposition of the genes NPM1 and HAUS1 at 5q35.1 and 18q21.1, respectively, was detected by FISH analysis. Searching the literature and the Mitelman database revealed no previously reported ins(18;5) cases. Interestingly, however, two AML patients with translocation t(5;18)(q35;q21) encompassing the 5q35 and 18q21 breakpoint regions as detected in our present ins(18;5) patient have been reported. CONCLUSIONS It is well-known that cytogenetic abnormalities on the long arm of chromosome 5 affect hematopoiesis. However, the precise mechanism of their involvement in myeloid transformation is elusive. Our present data shed new light onto the frequent abnormalities on 5q as well as to the less frequent abnormalities observed on 18q in myeloid malignancies. In addition, we show that oaCGH analysis is a useful adjunct to revealing submicroscopic aberrations in regions of clinical importance. Reporting rare and nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities contribute to the identification of the whole spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities in AML and their prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Department of Hematology, HemoDiagnostic Laboratory, Cancer Cytogenetics Section, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Ent. 4A, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Trosclair C, Pollen M, Capraro G, Cotelingam J, Shackelford RE. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia without Maturation with a Retinoic Alpha-Receptor Deletion: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2014; 7:407-9. [PMID: 25076892 PMCID: PMC4107820 DOI: 10.1159/000365002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a t(15;17) which fuses the 17q retinoic acid alpha-receptor sequence to the 15q PML gene sequence. The resulting fusion product plays a role in the development and maintenance of APL, and is very rarely found in other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes. Rare complex APL genomic rearrangements have retinoic acid alpha-receptor sequence deletions. Here we report a retinoic acid alpha-receptor sequence deletion in a case of AML without differentiation. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a retinoic acid alpha-receptor sequence deletion in this AML subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, La., USA
| | - Gerald Capraro
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, La., USA
| | - James Cotelingam
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, La., USA
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19
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Al‐Shehhi H, Konn ZJ, Schwab CJ, Erhorn A, Barber KE, Wright SL, Gabriel AS, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV. Abnormalities of the der(12)t(12;21) in
ETV6‐RUNX1
acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:202-13. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Halima Al‐Shehhi
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Zoe J. Konn
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Claire J. Schwab
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Amy Erhorn
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Kerry E. Barber
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah L. Wright
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Alem S. Gabriel
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Christine J. Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony V. Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
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20
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Abstract
SUMMARY Cytogenetic analysis is now considered a mandatory investigation in the diagnostic work-up of hematologic malignancies. Recurring structural aberrations serve as powerful markers not only for diagnosis and prognosis of these conditions, but also guide the selection of targeted drugs for personalized oncology. The FISH approach is established as an indispensable tool to complement conventional cytogenetics, in addition to basic and clinical research applications. FISH is used to identify specific chromosomal aberrations through the detection of target DNA sequences by fluorescently labeled DNA probes. Multicolor FISH analysis allows the accurate identification of recurring translocations in neoplastic cells by means of genomic probes that flank the breakpoints. This review summarizes the panel of FISH probes for selection and the current utilization of these FISH techniques in unraveling chromosomal aberrations. The niche of FISH analysis is also highlighted. Variant signal patterns of the clinically useful FISH probes for hematologic oncology illustrated here provide useful interpretative reference for molecular pathology laboratories. In addition, the recent application of FISH tests in contributing information on drug targets at the genomic level to support personalized oncology will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas SK Wan
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond SK Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Muvarak N, Nagaria P, Rassool FV. Genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia: targets for therapy? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:94-102. [PMID: 22427031 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Philadelphia positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the occurrence of nonrandom genetic and cytogenetic abnormalities during disease progression. Many of these abnormalities are markers for genes which, when altered, can drive the blastic transformation process. Thus, such genetic alterations may be manifestations of an underlying genomic instability resulting from a compromised DNA damage and repair response, leading to advanced stages of CML and resistance to therapy. This article examines the molecular pathways that may lead to genomic instability in CML and the potential of these pathway constituents to be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Muvarak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21230, USA
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22
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Bullinger L, Fröhling S. Array-Based Cytogenetic Approaches in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Impact and Biological Insights. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:37-46. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Yang JJ, Oh SH, Cho SY, Suh JT, Lee HJ, Lee WI, Lee J, Baek SK, Yoon HJ, Cho EH, Park TS. Submicroscopic deletion of RUNX1T1 gene confirmed by high-resolution microarray in acute myeloid leukemia with RUNX1/RUNX1T1 rearrangement. Acta Haematol 2012; 127:43-6. [PMID: 22025082 DOI: 10.1159/000330949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Jeongseok Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Developmental origins and impact of BCR-ABL1 fusion and IKZF1 deletions in monozygotic twins with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2011; 118:5559-64. [PMID: 21960589 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-366542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing and developmental sequence of events for BCR-ABL1(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), usually associated with IKAROS (IKZF1) deletions, are unknown. We assessed the status of BCR-ABL1 and IKZF1 genes in 2 pairs of monozygotic twins, one pair concordant, the other discordant for Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph(+)) ALL. The twin pair concordant for ALL shared identical BCR-ABL1 genomic sequence indicative of monoclonal, in utero origin. One twin had IKZF1 deletion and died after transplantation. The other twin had hyperdiploidy, no IKZF1 deletion, and is still in remission 8 years after transplantation. In the twin pair discordant for ALL, neonatal blood spots from both twins harbored the same clonotypic BCR-ABL1 sequence. Low level BCR-ABL1(+) cells were present in the healthy co-twin but lacked the IKZF1 deletion present in the other twin's leukemic cells. The twin with ALL relapsed and died after transplantation. The co-twin remains healthy and leukemia free. These data show that in childhood Ph(+) ALL, BCR-ABL1 gene fusion can be a prenatal and possibly initiating genetic event. In the absence of additional, secondary changes, the leukemic clone remains clinically silent. IKZF1 is a secondary and probable postnatal mutation in these cases, and as a recurrent but alternative copy number change is associated with poor prognosis.
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25
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Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of 25 Chilean patients with a variant Ph translocation. Cancer Genet 2011; 204:410-2. [PMID: 21872829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), which results from a balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, the t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). In 5-10% of the cases, variants of the Ph (vPh) are detected, involving various breakpoints in addition to 9q34 and 22q11.2. Deletions on the der(9) and der(22) can be detected in approximately 10-15% of CML patients. The frequency of a deletion of the der(9) in vPh CML is variable. Most studies have shown high frequencies (30-45%) in this subgroup. We report the cytogenetic evaluation of 25 vPh cases, which represents 6.8% of the CML cases diagnosed at one institution in 20 years. The breakpoints of the partners of the vPh in our patients agree with those reported previously, except for a novel 18q23. We found a low incidence of deletions of the der(9) (10%) and der(22) (5%) in these patients, contrasting with several reports in the literature. This finding may reflect the extensive spectrum of aberrations in vPh, and the possibility that a considerable group of these aberrations may not affect the genetic stability of 5'ABL1 and 3'BCR. Epidemiologic differences may also exist and could explain our results. These differences would require further investigation.
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26
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Nordgren A. Hidden Aberrations Diagnosed by Interphase FluorescenceIn SituHybridisation and Spectral Karyotyping in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 44:2039-53. [PMID: 14959846 DOI: 10.1080/1042819031000083361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common oncologic disease in childhood, accounting for approximately 25% of all paediatric malignancies. Based on clinical risk criteria and modern laboratory investigations including immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular genetics, patients can be divided into prognostic groups and assigned to risk-adjusted treatment protocols. The karyotype is an independent prognostic indicator and has for some aberrations that are associated with a poor outcome a direct impact on the choice of treatment. Cytogenetic analysis in ALL is often hampered by poor chromosome morphology, few malignant metaphases, undetectable chromosomal rearrangements due to regions of a similar size and banding pattern and sometimes only normal metaphases derived from normal cells are found after cell culture. Structural as well as numerical aberrations may therefore remain undetected using conventional G-banding. The application of modern molecular cytogenetic techniques including a broad set of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) methods and recent developments in comparative genomic hybridisation to DNA microarrays, together with molecular methods such as Southern blotting and RT-PCR has greatly improved the detection rate of genetic changes in ALL. This review emphasises the value of increasing the resolving power of the cytogenetic investigation by spectral karyotyping (SKY) and interphase FISH in identifying prognostically important and novel chromosomal rearrangements as a complement to conventional banding analysis. The results of investigations performed on cases with ALL have shown that interphase FISH is valuable and in many cases even mandatory for the detection of prognostically important genetic abnormalities and should therefore consistently be employed in the routine cytogenetic investigations in ALL. Likewise, SKY is a valuable tool for the cytogenetic analysis. Thus, the results of several different investigations described in this review revealed that SKY yielded additional information in 97/157 (62%) cases with chromosomal aberrations detected by G-banding, and in 10/66 (15%) cases with normal G-banding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8-02, Karolinska Hospital SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Abstract
The identification of molecular signatures predictive of clinical behavior and outcome in brain tumors has been the focus of many studies in the recent years. Despite the wealth of data that are available in the public domain on alterations in the genome, epigenome and transcriptome of brain tumors, the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to tumor initiation and progression remain largely unknown. Unfortunately, most of these data are scattered in multiple databases and supplementary materials of publications, thus making their retrieval, evaluation, comparison and visualization a rather arduous task. Here we report the development and implementation of an open access database (BTECH), a community resource for the deposition of a wide range of molecular data derived from brain tumor studies. This comprehensive database integrates multiple datasets, including transcript profiles, epigenomic CpG methylation data, DNA copy number alterations and structural chromosomal rearrangements, tumor-associated gene lists, SNPs, genomic features concerning Alu repeats and general genomic annotations. A genome browser has also been developed that allows for the simultaneous visualization of the different datasets and the various annotated features. Besides enabling an integrative view of diverse datasets through the genome browser, we also provide links to the original references for users to have a more accurate understanding of each specific dataset. This integrated platform will facilitate uncovering interactions among genetic and epigenetic factors associated with brain tumor development. BTECH is freely available at http://cmbteg.childrensmemorial.org/.
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Quintás-Cardama A, Kantarjian H, Shan J, Jabbour E, Abruzzo LV, Verstovsek S, Garcia-Manero G, O'Brien S, Cortes J. Prognostic impact of deletions of derivative chromosome 9 in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with nilotinib or dasatinib. Cancer 2011; 117:5085-93. [PMID: 21523765 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions of derivative chromosome 9 are a poor prognostic factor in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with hydroxyurea, interferon, or stem cell transplantation. Imatinib may overcome the adverse prognostic impact of deletions of derivative chromosome 9. METHODS A study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic impact of deletions of derivative chromosome 9 in 353 patients with CML receiving the second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) nilotinib (n = 161) or dasatinib (n = 192). RESULTS Deletion of derivative chromosome 9 status was determined in 245 (69%). Twenty-eight (11%) patients, 22 in chronic phase, 4 in accelerated phase, and 2 in blast phase, carried deletions of derivative chromosome 9, including 17 receiving nilotinib and 11 receiving dasatinib (P = .47). Overall survival (OS) at 24 months was similar between patients with or without deletions of derivative chromosome 9 (70% vs 71%, P = .76). For patients in chronic phase, no significant differences in overall major cytogenetic response (77% vs 82%, P = .57) or complete cytogenetic response (77% vs 81%, P = .71) rates were observed between patients with or without deletions of derivative chromosome 9. At 24 months, patients with CML in chronic phase without deletions of derivative chromosome 9 had improved event-free survival (EFS) (88% vs 66%, P = .07) and OS (96% vs 82%; P = .08) compared with those carrying deletions of derivative chromosome 9. However, multivariate analysis established second-line versus frontline second generation TKI therapy as the only adverse prognostic factor for EFS and increased bone marrow blast burden and older age as independent adverse prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS Deletions of derivative chromosome 9 do not appear to be an independent risk factor for survival among patients with CML in chronic phase receiving second generation TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Quintás-Cardama
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bennour A, Ouahchi I, Ben Youssef Y, Zaier M, Laatiri MA, Harrabi I, Meddeb B, Elloumi M, Khelif A, Saad A, Sennana H. Molecular cytogenetic study of derivative chromosome 9 deletion in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Poitras JL, Costa D, Kluk MJ, Amrein PC, Stone RM, Lee C, Dal Cin P, Morton CC. Genomic alterations in myeloid neoplasms with novel, apparently balanced translocations. Cancer Genet 2011; 204:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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HWANG Y, LEE JY, MUN YC, SEONG CM, CHUNG WS, HUH J. Various patterns of IgH deletion identified by FISH using combined IgH and IgH/CCND1 probes in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 33:299-304. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2010.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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De Braekeleer E, Meyer C, Le Bris MJ, Douet-Guilbert N, Basinko A, Morel F, Berthou C, Marschalek R, Férec C, De Braekeleer M. Identification of a MLL-MLLT4 fusion gene resulting from a t(6;11)(q27;q23) presenting as a del(11q) in a child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1570-3. [PMID: 20545580 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.494261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Giguère A, Hébert J. CLCA2, a novel RUNX1 partner gene in a therapy-related leukemia with t(1;21)(p22;q22). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 202:94-100. [PMID: 20875871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX1 gene is frequently rearranged in de novo and therapy-related leukemia. In the present study, we identified the CLCA2 gene as a novel fusion partner of RUNX1 in a case of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(1;21)(p22;q22). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing revealed that the t(1;21) results in out-of-frame RUNX1-CLCA2 fusions. Alternative splicing generates at least six fusion transcripts, including a major transcript fusing RUNX1 exon 6 with CLCA2 exon 2. These out-of-frame fusions produce putative truncated RUNX1 isoforms retaining the DNA binding Runt domain but not the transcriptional regulatory domain of RUNX1. No mutations were found in the exons encoding the Runt and C-terminal domains of the nonrearranged RUNX1 gene. Similar to truncated RUNX1 isoforms previously described, these shortened products could act as dominant negative inhibitors of RUNX1-dependent transactivation. CLCA2 is a breast tumor suppressor gene that encodes a member of the calcium-activated chloride channel family and is involved for the first time in a chromosomal translocation. The RUNX1-CLCA2 fusion is another example of out-of-frame fusion generating truncated RUNX1 isoforms that represent a recurrent molecular mechanism in RUNX1-related leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Giguère
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank and Hematology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
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Toydemir R, Rowe L, Hibbard M, Salama M, Shetty S. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of double inversion 3 associated with a cryptic BCR-ABL1 rearrangement and additional genetic changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 201:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shao L, Kang SHL, Li J, Hixson P, Taylor J, Yatsenko SA, Shaw CA, Milosavljevic A, Chang CC, Cheung SW, Patel A. Array comparative genomic hybridization detects chromosomal abnormalities in hematological cancers that are not detected by conventional cytogenetics. J Mol Diagn 2010; 12:670-9. [PMID: 20724749 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has allowed an unprecedented high-resolution analysis of cancer genomes. We developed a custom genome-wide oligonucleotide microarray interrogating 493 genes involved in hematological disorders. We analyzed 55 patients with hematological neoplasms by using this microarray. In 33 patients with apparent normal conventional cytogenetic analysis, aneuploidy or isochromosomes were detected in 12% (4 of 33) of the patients by aCGH. The chromosomal changes included trisomy of chromosomes 10, 14, and 15, tetrasomy 11, and isochromosome 17q. In 17 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who were initially investigated by using a panel of standard fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, additional copy number changes that were not interrogated by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panel were detected in 47% (8 of 17) of the patients by aCGH. Important copy number changes included gain on 2p16 involving REL and BCL11A genes, rearrangements of chromosomes 8 and 15, and trisomy of chromosomes 19 and 22. In five patients with known abnormal karyotypes, aCGH identified the origin of two marker chromosomes and detected microdeletions at five breakpoints involved in three apparent balanced translocations. Our results suggest that a subset of potentially significant genomic alterations is missed by the currently available cytogenetic techniques. This pilot study clearly demonstrates high sensitivity of oligonucleotide aCGH for potential use in diagnosis and follow-up in patients with hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Shao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77021-2039, USA
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Walz C, Grimwade D, Saussele S, Lengfelder E, Haferlach C, Schnittger S, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Hochhaus A, Cross NCP, Reiter A. Atypical mRNA fusions in PML-RARA positive, RARA-PML negative acute promyelocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:471-9. [PMID: 20155840 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal RARA-PML transcripts are not detected in approximately 25% of patients with PML-RARA positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the reasons for this are poorly understood. We studied 21 PML-RARA positive/RARA-PML negative cases by bubble PCR and multiplex long template PCR to identify the genomic breakpoints. Additional RT-PCR analysis was performed based on the DNA findings. Three cases were found to have complex rearrangements involving a third locus: the first had a PML-CDC6-RARA forward DNA fusion and expressed a chimeric PML-CDC6-RARA mRNA in addition to a PML-RARA. The other two had HERC1-PML and NT_009714.17-PML genomic fusion sequences at their respective reciprocal breakpoints. Six patients were falsely classified as RARA-PML negative due to deletions on chromosome 15 and/or 17, or alternative splicing leading to atypical RARA-PML fusion transcripts, which were not identified by conventional RT-PCR assays. This study demonstrates that the frequency of RARA-PML expression has been underestimated and highlights remarkable complexity at chromosomal breakpoint regions in APL even in cases with an apparently simple balanced t(15;17)(q24;q12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Walz
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
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Wang Y, Xue Y, Chen S, Wu Y, Pan J, Zhang J, Shen J. A novel t(5;11)(q31;p15) involving the NUP98 gene on 11p15 is associated with a loss of the EGR1 gene on 5q31 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 199:9-14. [PMID: 20417862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, at least 25 translocations involving the NUP98 gene and different partner genes have been reported in the literature. Here, we describe a novel reciprocal t(5;11)(q31;p15) involving NUP98, as revealed by conventional karyotypic analysis using R-banding technique and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a BAC RP11-120E20 probe and whole chromosome paint probes for chromosomes 5 and 11 in a 77-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having de novo acute myeloid leukemia. The patient received two courses of intensive combined chemotherapy but did not reach complete remission. She eventually died from the progressive disease, surviving for only 1 month after diagnosis. FISH analysis using WCP5 together with BAC RP11-878F9 or RP11-155N22 demonstrated that the breakpoint of chromosome 5 is located on 5q31. In addition, the EGR1 gene was unexpectedly found to be lost in the FISH study using EGR1 (red)/D5S23, D5S721 (green) dual-color probe. We supposed that the fusion gene created by t(5;11)(q31;p15) consisting of the NUP98 and its partner gene, as well as the loss of the EGR1 gene, may play a cooperative role in leukemogenesis. The partner gene of NUP98 in t(5;11)(q31;p15) is unclear at this time. Further molecular study is required to identify this partner gene in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institutes of Hematology, Suzhou, PR China
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38
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Castagnetti F, Testoni N, Luatti S, Marzocchi G, Mancini M, Kerim S, Giugliano E, Albano F, Cuneo A, Abruzzese E, Martino B, Palandri F, Amabile M, Iacobucci I, Alimena G, Pane F, Martinelli G, Saglio G, Baccarani M, Rosti G. Deletions of the derivative chromosome 9 do not influence the response and the outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia in early chronic phase treated with imatinib mesylate: GIMEMA CML Working Party analysis. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2748-54. [PMID: 20439635 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Deletions of the derivative chromosome 9 [der(9)] have been associated with a poor prognosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) across different treatment modalities. In the imatinib era, the prognostic impact of der(9) deletions has been evaluated mainly in patients with late chronic-phase (CP) CML, giving partially conflicting results. Few data are available in the early CP setting. For this reason, in 2006, the European LeukemiaNet recommendations still considered der(9) deletions as a candidate adverse prognostic factor and required a careful monitoring of the patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS To investigate the prognostic value of der(9) deletions in early CP CML, we performed an analysis of three prospective imatinib trials of the Italian Group for Hematological Malignancies of the Adult (GIMEMA) CML Working Party. RESULTS A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of bone marrow cells was performed at diagnosis; der(9) deletions were detected in 60 (12%) of 521 evaluable patients. At 60 months, the cumulative incidence of complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response-and the probability of event-free survival, failure-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival-in patients with and without deletions were not statistically different. CONCLUSION Our data strongly support the notion that, when investigated by FISH, der(9) deletions are not a poor prognostic factor in patients with early CP CML treated with imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Castagnetti
- Department of Hematology and Oncological Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
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De Braekeleer E, Meyer C, Douet-Guilbert N, Morel F, Le Bris MJ, Berthou C, Arnaud B, Marschalek R, Férec C, De Braekeleer M. Complex and cryptic chromosomal rearrangements involving the MLL gene in acute leukemia: A study of 7 patients and review of the literature. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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The identification of chromosomal translocation, t(4;6)(q22;q15), in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2010; 13:117-25. [PMID: 20177423 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work identified a chromosomal translocation t(4;6) in prostate cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Using probes located on 4q22 and 6q15, the breakpoints identified in LNCaP cells, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to detect this translocation in a large series of clinical localized prostate cancer samples treated conservatively. We found that t(4;6)(q22;q15) occurred in 78 of 667 cases (11.7%). The t(4;6)(q22;q15) was not independently associated with patient outcome. However, it occurs more frequently in high clinical T stage, high tumor volume specimens and in those with high baseline PSA (P=0.001, 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The t(4;6)(q22;q15) occurred more frequently in samples with two or more TMPRSS2:ERG fusion genes caused by internal deletion than in samples without these genomic alterations, but this correlation is not statistically significant (P=0.0628). The potential role of this translocation in the development of human prostate cancer is discussed.
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GHAITH F, ABDOU S, EL-BENDARY A, SHAHIN D, EID M, MEGEED WA, EL-SHEIKH I, FARRAG W, YOUSUF S. Prognostic relevance of 9q34 deletion and the suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 in CML patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2010; 32:103-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2009.01143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Gulten T, Yakut T, Gunes AM, Demirkaya M. 5′ MLL Gene Deletion in a Case with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Lab Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1309/lmc5lw0imkng5lcn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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43
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Genomic segmental duplications on the basis of the t(9;22) rearrangement in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2010; 29:2509-16. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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De Weer A, Poppe B, Vergult S, Van Vlierberghe P, Petrick M, De Bock R, Benoit Y, Noens L, De Paepe A, Van Roy N, Menten B, Speleman F. Identification of two critically deleted regions within chromosome segment 7q35-q36 in EVI1 deregulated myeloid leukemia cell lines. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8676. [PMID: 20084277 PMCID: PMC2800774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving the EVI1 proto-oncogene are a recurrent finding in myeloid leukemias and are indicative of a poor prognosis. Rearrangements of the EVI1 locus are often associated with monosomy 7 or cytogenetic detectable deletions of part of 7q. As EVI1 overexpression alone is not sufficient to induce leukemia, loss of a 7q tumour suppressor gene might be a required cooperating event. To test this hypothesis, we performed high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of twelve EVI1 overexpressing patients and three EVI1 deregulated cell lines to search for 7q submicroscopic deletions. This analysis lead to the delineation of two critical regions, one of 0.39 Mb on 7q35 containing the CNTNAP2 gene and one of 1.33 Mb on chromosome bands 7q35-q36 comprising nine genes in EVI1 deregulated cell lines. These findings open the way to further studies aimed at identifying the culprit EVI1 implicated tumour suppressor genes on 7q.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Weer
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Marjan Petrick
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Hematology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Yves Benoit
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucien Noens
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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45
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Han Y, Xue Y, Zhang J, Pan J, Wu Y, Bai S. Y-chromosome loss as the sole karyotypic anomaly with 3′RARα submicroscopic deletion in a case of M3r subtype of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1433-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Bennour A, Sennana H, Laatiri MA, Elloumi M, Khelif A, Saad A. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia: genesis and deletion of derivative chromosome 9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 194:30-7. [PMID: 19737651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the formation of variant Philadelphia (Ph) translocations that occur in 5-10% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are not fully characterized. Studies on the prognosis of these variant translocations have yielded conflicting results, especially regarding imatinib outcome and the status of deletions on the derivative chromosome 9. To shed light on these controversial subjects, we sought to analyze all variant translocation cases presented at diagnosis and identified in our institution between the years 2001 and 2008. Of 336 CML patients who presented at diagnosis and were studied by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 25 patients (7.44%) exhibited variant Ph-rearrangements. All chromosomes could be implicated in variant Ph rearrangements, with 32 breakpoints defined. Their distribution was located preferentially in the CG-richest regions of the genome. Deletions on der(9) were observed in 15 of the 25 cases (60%), a greater proportion in typical Ph translocations (12-15%). Both one- and two-step mechanisms were encountered in our series, as well as multiple-step mechanisms, which originate more complex rearrangements. Higher prevalence was observed for the two-step mechanism (56%). Proper assessment of the prognostic significance of variant translocations requires better categorization of these translocations based on their mechanisms of genesis and 9q34 deletion status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Bennour
- Cytogenetics Division, Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics, and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia.
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47
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia following severe congenital neutropenia or de novo ALL? Leuk Res 2009; 33:e139-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Hernández-Boluda JC, Cervantes F. Prognostic factors in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2009; 22:343-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Acquired copy number alterations in adult acute myeloid leukemia genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:12950-5. [PMID: 19651600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has accelerated the identification of genes important for AML pathogenesis. To complement cytogenetic studies and to identify genes altered in AML genomes, we performed genome-wide copy number analysis with paired normal and tumor DNA obtained from 86 adult patients with de novo AML using 1.85 million feature SNP arrays. Acquired copy number alterations (CNAs) were confirmed using an ultra-dense array comparative genomic hybridization platform. A total of 201 somatic CNAs were found in the 86 AML genomes (mean, 2.34 CNAs per genome), with French-American-British system M6 and M7 genomes containing the most changes (10-29 CNAs per genome). Twenty-four percent of AML patients with normal cytogenetics had CNA, whereas 40% of patients with an abnormal karyotype had additional CNA detected by SNP array, and several CNA regions were recurrent. The mRNA expression levels of 57 genes were significantly altered in 27 of 50 recurrent CNA regions <5 megabases in size. A total of 8 uniparental disomy (UPD) segments were identified in the 86 genomes; 6 of 8 UPD calls occurred in samples with a normal karyotype. Collectively, 34 of 86 AML genomes (40%) contained alterations not found with cytogenetics, and 98% of these regions contained genes. Of 86 genomes, 43 (50%) had no CNA or UPD at this level of resolution. In this study of 86 adult AML genomes, the use of an unbiased high-resolution genomic screen identified many genes not previously implicated in AML that may be relevant for pathogenesis, along with many known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
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50
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Pieńkowska-Grela B, Rygier J, Woroniecka R, Grygalewicz B, Pastwińska A, Krawczyk P, Ceglerek B, Seferyńska I, Sikorska A, Konopka L. Karyotype changes during long-term targeted therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:952-65. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190902838384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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