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Aramberri M, González-Olmedo J, García-Villa A, Villanueva A, Maza CC, García-Gutiérrez S, Diaz-Pedroche C. Prediction of mortality in acute pulmonary embolism in cancer-associated thrombosis (MAUPE-C): derivation and validation of a multivariable model. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:668-676. [PMID: 38485844 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Optimal risk stratification of patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unclear. We constructed a clinical prediction rule (CPR) named 'MAUPE-C' to identify patients with low 30 days mortality. The study retrospectively developed and internally validated a CPR for 30 days mortality in a cohort of patients with cancer and PE (both suspected and unsuspected). Candidate variables were chosen based on the EPIPHANY study, which categorized patients into 3 groups based on symptoms, signs, suspicion and patient setting at PE diagnosis. The performance of 'MAUPE-C' was compared to RIETE and sPESI scores. Univariate analysis confirmed that the presence of symptoms, signs, suspicion and inpatient diagnosis were associated with 30 days mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis led to the exclusion of symptoms as predictive variable. 'MAUPE-C' was developed by assigning weights to risk factors related to the β coefficient, yielding a score range of 0 to 4.5. After receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cutoff point was established at ≤ 1. Prognostic accuracy was good with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.82), outperforming RIETE and sPESI scores in this cohort (AUC of 0.64 [95% CI 0.57-0.71] and 0.57 [95% CI 0.49-0.65], respectively). Forty-five per cent of patients were classified as low risk and experienced a 2.79% 30 days mortality. MAUPE-C has good prognostic accuracy in identifying patients at low risk of 30 days mortality. This CPR could help physicians select patients for early discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aramberri
- Internal Medicine, Gipuzkoa Cancer Unit, OSID-Onkologikoa, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Jesús González-Olmedo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Villa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research Unit, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Diaz-Pedroche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Ording AG, Nielsen PB, Skjøth F, Overvad TF, Noble S, Lash TL, Goldhaber SZ, Christensen TD, Larsen TB, Søgaard M. Risk of recurrent cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2023; 390:131271. [PMID: 37591413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive factors for recurrent cancer-associated venous thromboembolism have been inconsistent across previous studies. To provide data for improved risk stratification, we described the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism overall and across age, sex, calendar period, cancer type, Ottawa risk score, cancer stage, and cancer treatment in a nationwide cohort of patients with active cancer. METHODS Using Danish administrative registries, we identified a cohort of all adult patients with active cancer and a first-time diagnosis of venous thromboembolism during 2003-2018. We accounted for the competing risk of death and calculated absolute risks of recurrent venous thromboembolism at six months. RESULTS The population included 34,072 patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism. Recurrence risks at six months were higher for patients with genitourinary cancer (6.5%), lung cancer (6.1%), gastrointestinal cancer (5.6%), brain cancer (5.2%), and hematological cancer (5.1%) than for patients with gynecological cancer (4.7%), breast cancer (4.1%), and other cancer types (4.8%). Recurrence risks were similar for men (5.2%) and women (4.9%), with and without chemotherapy (5.1%), across Ottawa risk score group (low: 5.0%; high: 5.1%) and across calendar periods but increased with increasing cancer stage. The overall six-month all-cause mortality risk was 26%, and highest for patients with lung cancer (49%) and lowest among breast cancer patients (4.1%). CONCLUSIONS Six-month recurrence risk after first-time cancer-associated venous thromboembolism was high and varied by cancer type and patient characteristics. Refining risk stratification for recurrence may improve decision-making regarding treatment duration after cancer-associated thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbech Ording
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Brønnum Nielsen
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Flemming Skjøth
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark; Unit for Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thure Filskov Overvad
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Noble
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA; Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, USA
| | - Samuel Zachery Goldhaber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Decker Christensen
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Bjerregaard Larsen
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Mette Søgaard
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Li Q, Xia L, Wang Y, Jiang D, Chen X, Zheng Y, Liu W, Wang D, Xue D. Prognosis of incidental pulmonary embolism vs. symptomatic pulmonary embolism in cancer patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study in China. Thromb J 2023; 21:64. [PMID: 37280671 PMCID: PMC10245445 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) has greatly increased, but its clinical characteristics and outcomes are still controversial. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes between cancer patients with IPE and patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism (SPE). PATIENTS/METHODS Clinical data of 180 consecutive patients with cancer complicated with pulmonary embolism admitted to Beijing Cancer Hospital from July 2011 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected and analysed. General characteristics, diagnosis time of pulmonary embolism (PE), location of PE, concurrent deep venous thrombosis, anticoagulant treatment, impact of PE on anti-tumor treatment, recurrent venous thromboembolism, rate of bleeding after anticoagulation therapy, survival and risk factors of IPE were compared with SPE. RESULTS Of 180 patients, 88 (49%) had IPEs and 92 (51%) had SPEs. Patients with IPE and SPE did not differ in age, sex, tumor type, or tumor stage. Median diagnosis times of IPE and SPE after cancer were 108 (45, 432) days and 90 (7, 383) days, respectively. Compared to SPE, IPE tended to be central (44% versus 26%; P < 0.001), isolated (31.8% versus 0.0%; P < 0.001), and unilateral (67.1% versus 12.8%; P < 0.00). The rate of bleeding after anticoagulation therapy did not differ between IPE and SPE. Patients with IPE had a better prognosis than patients with SPE in terms of 30-, and 90-day mortality, as well as overall survival after diagnosis of PE (median: 314.5 vs. 192.0 days, log-rank P = 0.004) and cancer (median: 630.0 vs. 450.5 days, log-rank P = 0.018). SPE (compared to IPE) was an independent risk factor for poor survival after diagnosis of PE in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008-2.425, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS IPE accounts for nearly one half of PE cases among Chinese cancer patients. With active anticoagulation treatment, IPE is expected to achieve better survival rates than SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfen Liu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Department of Supportive Care, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyu Li
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xia
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Department of Supportive Care, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Wang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Jiang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqun Zheng
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Department of Supportive Care, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Xue
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Institute, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis and Transformation Research, Ministry of Education, 100142, Beijing, China.
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Barca-Hernando M, Lopez-Ruz S, Marin-Romero S, Elias-Hernandez T, Otero-Candelera R, Jara-Palomares L. Comparison of long-term complications in cancer patients with incidental and acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1118385. [PMID: 37273873 PMCID: PMC10237269 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1118385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical practice guidelines recommend that patients with incidental venous thromboembolism (VTE) receive the same anticoagulant therapy as those with symptomatic VTE. We aimed to compare the rate of complications between cancer patients with incidental and symptomatic VTE through a long-term follow-up cohort. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of prospective studies of cancer patients with VTE between 2008 and 2019, with the primary outcome of rates of recurrent VTE and clinically relevant bleeding (CRB) in incidental and symptomatic VTE groups. Results In total, 796 patients were included, of which 42.8% had incidental VTE. No significant differences were noted in the rate of recurrent VTE (0.4 per 100 patients/month vs. 0.5 per 100 patients/month; p = 0.313) and in the rate of CRB (0.6 per 100 patients/month vs. 0.5 per 100 patients/month; p = 0.128) between patients with incidental VTE and symptomatic VTE, respectively. At six-month follow-ups, the cumulative incidence of CRB was significantly higher in patients with incidental VTE than that in those with symptomatic VTE (7.9% vs. 4.4%, respectively; OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.01-3.2). Conclusion Cancer patients with incidental VTE had similar rates of CRB and VTE recurrence in long-term follow-up compared with patients with symptomatic VTE. At six-month follow-ups, patients with incidental VTE had a higher cumulative incidence of CRB than those with symptomatic VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Barca-Hernando
- Respiratory Department, Medical Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez-Ruz
- Respiratory Department, Medical Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Samira Marin-Romero
- Respiratory Department, Medical Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Teresa Elias-Hernandez
- Respiratory Department, Medical Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Remedios Otero-Candelera
- Respiratory Department, Medical Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jara-Palomares
- Respiratory Department, Medical Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Gounant V, Brosseau S, Lorut C, Guezour N, Vauchier C, Mohammad W, Khalil A, Zalcman G. [Non-infectious respiratory emergencies in patients with cancer]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:416-427. [PMID: 37085441 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a solid tumor or hematologic malignancy are often addressed to emergency units for an acute respiratory complication associated with the underlying cancer or secondary to treatments. The current article is part of a thematic series: "Intensive care and emergencies in solid tumours and blood cancer patients" and will develop the following points: (1) malignant proximal airway obstruction and, more specifically, the role of therapeutic bronchoscopy; (2) superior vena cava syndrome by tumor compression and/or secondary to thrombosis (diagnosis, local and systemic treatments); (3) cancer-related pulmonary embolism (incidence, indications for low-molecular weight heparins and direct oral anticoagulants). Other respiratory emergencies will be dealt in the other articles of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gounant
- Université Paris-Cité, France; CIC Inserm 1425, service d'oncologie thoracique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
| | - S Brosseau
- Université Paris-Cité, France; CIC Inserm 1425, service d'oncologie thoracique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - C Lorut
- Université Paris-Cité, France; Service de pneumologie, hôpital Cochin, GHU Paris-Centre, Institut Cochin (UMR 1016), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - N Guezour
- Université Paris-Cité, France; CIC Inserm 1425, service d'oncologie thoracique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - C Vauchier
- Université Paris-Cité, France; CIC Inserm 1425, service d'oncologie thoracique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - W Mohammad
- Université Paris-Cité, France; Service de radiologie, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - A Khalil
- Université Paris-Cité, France; Service de radiologie, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - G Zalcman
- Université Paris-Cité, France; CIC Inserm 1425, service d'oncologie thoracique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, GHU de Paris-Nord, Institut du cancer Paris-Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
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Luo Z, Ma G, Lu Y, Yao J, Xu N, Cao C, Ying K. Characteristics and 6-Month Mortality of Medical Oncology Patients With Incidental and Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism: A Single-Institutional Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231155177. [PMID: 36748784 PMCID: PMC9909045 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231155177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics of cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) and assess the variables associated with 30-day mortality in cancer patients with PE including symptomatic pulmonary embolism (SPE) and IPE. 6-Month mortality rate in cancer patients with SPE and IPE were also compared. We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records of cancer patients with newly diagnosed PE between January 2016 and June 2021. We compared clinical and radiological characteristics in cancer patients with IPE and SPE and identified variables associated with the overall 30-day mortality on multivariate analysis. All patients were followed up for 6 months and survival analysis was performed by use of Kaplan-Meier. Five hundred and nine eligible cancer patients with pulmonary embolism were identified during the study period. IPE is associated with lower BMI, colorectal and pancreas cancers, stage III/IV of cancer, recent antiangiogenic therapy, central venous catheter (CVC) and chronic cardiac or respiratory disease compared to SPE. The factors associated with 30-day mortality included poor performance status, lung/pleura or upper gastrointestinal cancers, stage III/IV of cancer, previous VTE, oxygen saturation < 95%, lactic acid > 2 mmol/l and bilateral PE. The overall survival in patients with IPE at 6-month follow-up was similar to those diagnosed with SPE. The present study has allowed the identification of factors associated with 30-day mortality in cancer patients with IPE and SPE. We also found similar mortality rate in cancer patients with IPE compared with patients with SPE at 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanbo Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfei Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hangzhou Fuyang District First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Disease, Deqing People’s Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Yao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Deqing People’s Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang, China,Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Kejing Ying, Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China.
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7
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Mai AS, Matetić A, Elgendy IY, Lopez-Mattei J, Kotronias RA, Sun LY, Yong JH, Bagur R, Van Spall HGC, Mamas MA. The association between cancer diagnosis, care, and outcomes in 1 million patients hospitalized for acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:354-362. [PMID: 36167220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical care provided to cancer patients hospitalized for acute pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as the association between type of cancer, in-hospital care, and clinical outcomes. METHODS This study examined the in-hospital care (systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed thrombolysis, and surgical thrombectomy/embolectomy) and clinical outcomes (mortality, major bleeding, and hemorrhagic stroke) among adults hospitalized due to acute PE between October 2015 to December 2018 using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Of 1,090,130 hospital records included in the analysis, 216,825 (19.9%) had current cancer diagnoses, including lung (4.7%), hematological (2.5%), colorectal (1.6%), breast (1.3%), prostate (0.8%), and 'other' cancer (9.0%). Cancer patients had lower adjusted odds of receiving systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapy, and surgical thrombectomy/embolectomy compared with their non-cancer counterparts (P < 0.001), except for systemic thrombolysis (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.09, P = 0.553) and catheter-directed therapy (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-1.00, P = 0.053) for prostate cancer. Cancer patients had greater odds of mortality (P < 0.05). Lung cancer patients had the highest odds of mortality (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 2.61-2.76, P < 0.001) and hemorrhagic stroke (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.61-1.90, P < 0.001), while colorectal cancer patients had the greatest odds of bleeding (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.94-2.15, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Among those hospitalized for PE, cancer diagnoses were associated with lower odds of invasive management and poorer in-hospital outcomes, with metastatic status being an especially important determinant. Appropriateness of care could not be assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrija Matetić
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia; Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Islam Y Elgendy
- Deparment of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Juan Lopez-Mattei
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Lee Health System, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | | | - Louise Y Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jung Hahn Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo Bagur
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Research Institute of St. Joe's, Hamilton, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK.
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Luo Z, Xu N, Ma G, Lu Y, Yao J, Ying K. Incidentally Diagnosed With Pulmonary Embolism in Lung Cancer Patients: Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Mortality With Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231212482. [PMID: 37981734 PMCID: PMC10664439 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231212482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to compare the clinical characteristics, rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), bleeding complications and mortality of incidental and symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) detected on computed tomography in patients with lung cancer. Clinical data of lung cancer patients with PE were obtained from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ningbo First affiliated hospital of Ningbo University during January 2016 and June 2021 and were reviewed retrospectively. We compared clinical and radiological characteristics in lung cancer patients with incidental PE (IPE) and symptomatic PE (SPE) and identified variables associated with the 1-year survival on multivariate Cox analysis. All patients were followed up for 1 year to compare the risks of recurrent VTE, bleeding complications, and mortality. Survival analysis was performed by use of Kaplan-Meier. A total of 223 lung cancer patients with PE were enrolled over the period. Of these, 117 (52%) patients had symptomatic whereas 106 (48%) patients had incidental PE. Those with IPE were more likely to have adenocarcinoma, VTE history, chronic respiratory disease and chemotherapy within 30 days prior to PE, while SPE was more frequently observed in patients with squamous cancer, concomitant VTE, performance status 0-1, chronic heart disease and major surgery within 30 days prior to PE. During 1 year of follow-up, recurrent VTE was diagnosed in 10 patients (9.3%) in lung cancer patients with IPE and 13 patients (11.2%) with SPE. The 12-month cumulative recurrent VTE incidence was 9.6% for patients with incidental and 11.4% for patients with symptomatic PE (P = .61). The 12-month cumulative incidences of major bleeding complications were also comparable in the 2 groups (8.1% for incidental patients and 9.8% for symptomatic patients; P = .62). However, the respective 12-month mortality risks were 34.6% and 30.2% in lung cancer patients with IPE and SPE respectively (P = .03). On multivariate Cox analysis, we found that IPE occurrence was an independent risk factor associated with 1-year mortality in lung cancer patients complicated with PE after adjusting for age and sex (HR 1.517; 95% CI: 1.366-1.684; P = .027). Our findings suggest that lung cancer patients diagnosed with and treated for incidental PE had a similar rate of recurrent VTE, and incidence of hemorrhagic complications, but a significantly higher 1-year cumulative mortality rate after PE compared to those with symptomatic PE. IPE may be a marker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanbo Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfei Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hangzhou Fuyang District First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Yao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Asian Population. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236954. [PMID: 36498530 PMCID: PMC9741370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a common condition with increasing worldwide incidence. However, the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of APE in the Asian population especially in the Thai population are still limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of APE in the Asian population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with APE at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand during 2011-2020. RESULTS During the study period, 696 patients confirmed the diagnosis of APE with a mean age of 57.7 ± 15.7 years and 41.1% males. APE was suspected in 468 of 696 patients (67.2%), while 228 patients (32.8%) had incidental PE. Active malignancy during treatment was found in 388 (55.7%). Dyspnea, cough, and chest pain were the most common presenting symptoms. Respiratory failure was found in 129 patients (18.6%). The thirty-day all-cause mortality rate was 19.1%. PE-related mortality was 5.6%. Most PE-related mortality was high-risk PE. CONCLUSION APE was not uncommon in the Asian population. Active cancer, especially lung cancer was the most common risk factors. High-risk and intermediate-high-risk PE were associated with high mortality. Risk stratification and prompt management are warranted to improve outcomes.
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10
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Farmakis IT, Barco S, Mavromanoli AC, Konstantinides SV, Valerio L. Performance Status and Long-Term Outcomes in Cancer-Associated Pulmonary Embolism. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2022; 4:507-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Papadopoulos E, Abdulrehman J, Alibhai SM. The Value of Performance Status in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cancer-Associated Pulmonary Embolism. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2022; 4:519-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Wysokinska EM, Houghton DE, Vlazny DT, Ashrani AA, Froehling DA, Meverden R, Hodge DO, Peterson LG, McBane RD, Wysokinski WE, Casanegra AI. Incidental pulmonary embolism in cancer and noncancer patients: Prospective cohort study. Eur J Haematol Suppl 2022; 110:88-98. [PMID: 36210612 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical picture and outcome of incidental pulmonary embolism (iPE) compared to symptomatic pulmonary embolism (sPE) remain unclear. METHODS Demographics, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), mortality, major bleeding, and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) were compared between iPE and sPE patients who were followed prospectively at Mayo Thrombophilia Clinic (March 1, 2013 to August 1, 2020). RESULTS Out of 3576 VTE patients, 1417 (39.6%) had PE: 562 (39.7%) iPE and 855 sPE. Patients with cancer were more likely to have iPE (400 iPE vs. 314 sPE) compared to those without cancer (162 iPE vs. 541 sPE). VTE recurrence rate (all per 100 person-years) was similar in all iPE and sPE patients (3.34 vs. 3.68, p = .50), with cancer (4.16 vs. 4.89, p = .370), and without cancer patients (0.89 vs. 2.80, p = .25). Higher mortality observed in all patients with iPE compared to sPE (46.45 vs. 23.47, p < .001) and with cancer (56.41 vs. 45.77, p = .03) became not significant after adjustment for age, antiplatelet therapy, metastases, and cancer location. Noncancer iPE patients had higher mortality (15.95 vs. 7.18, p = .006) even after adjustment (p = .05). The major bleeding rate was also higher in all patients iPE compared to sPE (7.10 vs. 3.68, p = .03), but not after adjustment (p = .974); higher major bleeding rate in noncancer patients (6.49 vs. 1.25, p = .007) remained significant after adjustment (.02). CRNMB rate was similar to iPE and sPE patients. CONCLUSION iPE represents a more serious clinical condition compared to sPE as indicated by the higher mortality and major bleeding but these differences reflect underlying comorbidities rather than the seriousness of the embolic event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damon E Houghton
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danielle T Vlazny
- Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aneel A Ashrani
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David A Froehling
- Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan Meverden
- Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David O Hodge
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa G Peterson
- Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert D McBane
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Waldemar E Wysokinski
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ana I Casanegra
- Vascular Medicine Division, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Pulmonary Embolism in the Cancer Associated Thrombosis Landscape. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195650. [PMID: 36233519 PMCID: PMC9570910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer patients, pulmonary embolism (PE) is the second leading cause of death after the cancer itself, most likely because of difficulties in diagnosing the disease due to its nonclassical presentation. The risk of PE recurrence and possibly the case-fatality rate depends on whether the patient presents a symptomatic PE, an unsuspected PE, a subsegmental PE, or a catheter-related PE. Choosing the best therapeutic option is challenging and should consider the risk of both the recurrence of thrombosis and the occurrence of bleeding. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical characteristics and the treatment of cancer-associated PE, which could benefit clinicians to better manage the deadliest form of thrombosis associated with cancer. After a brief presentation of the epidemiological data, we will present the current attitude towards the diagnosis and the management of cancer patients with PE. Finally, we will discuss the perspectives of how the medical community can improve the management of this severe medical condition.
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14
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Qdaisat A, Wechsler AH, Cruz Carreras MT, Menendez JR, Lipe D, Highsmith EA, Kamal M, Al-Breiki A, Rojas Hernandez CM, Wu CC, Yeung SCJ. Concomitant Deep Vein Thrombosis in Cancer Patients with Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184510. [PMID: 36139673 PMCID: PMC9496711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer patients have a significantly higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism during their disease course when compared with the general population. During routine staging or follow-up imaging studies, incidental venous thromboemboli, including incidental pulmonary embolisms, can be identified. Identifying factors associated with incidental or unsuspected venous thromboembolism is important and can improve the management plan. In the current study, we found that 20.9% of patients with unsuspected pulmonary embolisms had concomitant deep vein thrombosis, and most of these patients were asymptomatic. In addition, we found that concomitant deep vein thrombosis increases the odds of venous thrombosis recurrence in cancer patients presenting with unsuspected pulmonary emboli. Therefore, for patients with isolated incidental subsegmental pulmonary embolism and concomitant deep vein thrombosis, initiating anticoagulants if no contraindications exist is recommended. In addition, the presence of concomitant deep vein thrombosis among cancer patients with unsuspected pulmonary embolisms is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes in these patients. Abstract Incidental venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in cancer patients and identifying factors associated with these events can improve the management plan. We studied the characteristics of concomitant deep vein thrombosis (C-DVT) in cancer patients presenting with unsuspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and the association of C-DVT with VTE recurrence and survival outcomes. Patients presenting to our emergency department with confirmed unsuspected/incidental PE between 1 January 2006 and 1 January 2016, were identified. Radiologic reports were reviewed to confirm the presence or absence of C-DVT. Logistic regression analyses and cox regression modeling were used to determine the effect of C-DVT on VTE recurrence and survival outcomes. Of 904 eligible patients, 189 (20.9%) had C-DVT. Patients with C-DVT had twice the odds of developing VTE recurrence (odds ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.21–3.48, p = 0.007). The mortality rates among C-DVT were significantly higher than in patients without. C-DVT was associated with reduced overall survival in patients with unsuspected PE (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.63, p = 0.005). In conclusion, C-DVT in cancer patients who present with unsuspected PE is common and is associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrence and poor short- and long-term survival. Identifying other venous thrombi in cancer patients presenting with unsuspected PE is recommended and can guide the management plan. For patients with isolated incidental subsegmental pulmonary embolism and concomitant deep vein thrombosis, initiating anticoagulants if no contraindications exist is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiham Qdaisat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adriana H. Wechsler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria T. Cruz Carreras
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jazmin R. Menendez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Demis Lipe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emily A. Highsmith
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mona Kamal
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aisha Al-Breiki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al Seeb 121, Oman
| | | | - Carol C. Wu
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-745-9911
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15
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Aramberri M, Benegas M, Sanchez M, Muñoz-Guglielmetti D, Zamora C, García-Villa A, Diaz-Pedroche C, Font C. Saddle Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Cancer in the Era of Incidental Events: Clinical Findings and Outcomes in a Single Centre Cohort. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e267-e275. [PMID: 36299808 PMCID: PMC9800169 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is scarce information regarding the prevalence and clinical impact of saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with cancer. Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical findings, and short-term outcomes of patients with cancer-related saddle PE including acute symptomatic and unsuspected events. Patients/Methods Consecutive patients with cancer-related PE (March 1, 2006-October 31, 2014) were retrospectively reviewed by a chest radiologist to assess PE burden and signs of right ventricular (RV) overload. The clinical outcomes within 30 days were evaluated according to saddle versus nonsaddle PE. Results Thirty-six (12%) out of 289 patients with newly diagnosed cancer-related PE presented with saddle PE. Saddle PE was found in 21 cases (58%) with acute symptomatic PE and the remaining 15 cases (42%) were found as unsuspected findings. Patients with saddle PE had more frequently experienced a previous thrombotic event (31 vs. 13%; p =0.008), and it occurred more frequently as an acute symptomatic event (58 vs. 39%; p =0.025) compared with those with nonsaddle PE. Signs of RV overload including RV/left ventricle ratio ≥1 (22 vs. 4%; p <0.001) and interventricular septum displacement (53 vs. 20%; p <0.001) were also more common in patients with saddle PE compared with nonsaddle PE. Overall, PE-related mortality, venous thromboembolism recurrence, and major bleeding within 30 days were found to be similar according to saddle versus nonsaddle PE. Conclusion Saddle PE is not uncommon in patients with cancer-related PE including in those with unsuspected PE. Similar 30-day outcomes were found according to saddle versus nonsaddle PE in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aramberri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Mariana Benegas
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Sanchez
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Zamora
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Villa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Carmen Diaz-Pedroche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Font
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer: An updated and operative guide for diagnosis and management. Int J Cardiol 2022; 358:95-102. [PMID: 35489655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Appropriate risk stratification for primary and secondary VTE prevention as well as for risk of early death in acute setting is needed for an adequate treatment. Despite enormous advances have been made in the management of VTE in the last two decades, optimal medical therapy remains a major concern due to still high incidence of both symptomatic and incidental pulmonary embolism (PE), its recurrence, poor survival rate, bleeding risk and multiple drugs interactions. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) simplified the treatment of VTE as compared to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) due to their oral administration, fixed dose regimens and lower cost. However, their prescription requires extra caution, especially in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Lastly, data on reperfusion approaches remain confined to case series and subgroups analysis. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge concerning PE in patients with malignancies, focusing on available treatments and decision making.
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17
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Font C, Cooksley T, Ahn S, Rapoport B, Escalante C. Emergency management of incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE). EMERGENCY CANCER CARE 2022; 1:7. [PMID: 35844667 PMCID: PMC9207846 DOI: 10.1186/s44201-022-00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Venous thrombo-embolic (VTE) disease is a common cause of complications in patients with cancer and is the second most common cause of death in oncology patients other than the malignant disease. Whilst symptomatic VTE comprises the majority of such presentations to an emergency department (ED), incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) is an increasingly frequent reason for attendance. Many studies report that the consequences of IPE do not differ significantly from those with symptomatic presentations and thus most guidelines recommend using the same approach. The complexity of treatment in cancer patients due to increased prevalence of co-morbidities, higher risk of bleeding, abnormal platelet and renal function, greater risk of VTE recurrence, and medications with the risk of anticoagulant interaction are consistent across patients with symptomatic and IPE. One of the initial challenges of the management of IPE is the design of a pathway that provides both patients and clinicians with a seamless journey from the radiological diagnosis of IPE to their initial clinical workup and management. Increased access to ambulatory care has successfully reduced ED utilisation and improved clinical outcomes in high-risk non-oncological populations, such as those with IPE. In this clinical review, we consider IPE management, its workup, the conundrums it may present for emergency physicians and the need to consider emergency ambulatory care for this growing cohort of patients.
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18
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Muñoz-Guglielmetti D, Cooksley T, Ahn S, Beato C, Aramberri M, Escalante C, Font C. Risk stratification for clinical severity of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer: a narrative review and MASCC clinical guidance for daily care. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8527-8538. [PMID: 35579753 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The clinical presentation and outcomes of PE range from an acute life-threatening condition requiring intensive care to a mild symptomatic condition associated with favorable outcomes and potentially candidate for early hospital discharge. The wide clinical spectrum of PE has led to the development of risk stratification models aimed at the triage of patients in emergency care departments and optimizing the utilization of health care resources. Incidental or unsuspected PE (UPE), detected during routine staging computed tomography scans, make up a significant proportion of this cohort among the oncology population. The present narrative review is aimed at examining the currently available PE risk assessment models developed for the general population and for patients with cancer including UPE. We include general recommendations for the daily care of patients with cancer-related PE and hypothesize on the factors that would potentially favor hospitalization with early discharge or ambulatory management in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Cooksley
- The Christie Hospital, University of Manchester, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Shin Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Carmen Beato
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario Aramberri
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Carmen Escalante
- Internal Medicine Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA
| | - Carme Font
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Chlapoutakis S, Georgakopoulou V, Trakas N, Kouvelos G, Papalexis P, Damaskos C, Sklapani P, Grivas A, Gouveris P, Tryfonopoulos D, Tzovaras A, Ardavanis‑Loukeris G, Grouzi E, Spandidos D, Matsagkas M. Characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients who develop pulmonary embolism: A cross‑sectional study. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:168. [PMID: 35496573 PMCID: PMC9019772 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE), along with deep vein thrombosis, are collectively known as venous thromboembolism (VTE). Predisposing factors for PE include post-operative conditions, pregnancy, cancer and an advanced age; of note, a number of genetic mutations have been found to be associated with an increased risk of PE. The association between cancer and VTE is well-established, and cancer patients present a higher risk of a thrombotic event compared to the general population. In addition, PE is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiology features and outcomes of cancer patients who developed PE, collected from an anticancer hospital. For this purpose, adult cancer patients diagnosed with PE by imaging with computed tomography pulmonary angiography were enrolled. The following data were recorded: Demographics, comorbidities, type of cancer, time interval between cancer diagnosis and PE occurrence, the type of therapy received and the presence of metastases, clinical signs and symptoms, predisposing factors for PE development, laboratory data, radiological findings, electrocardiography findings, and the type of therapy received for PE and outcomes in a follow-up period of 6 months. In total, 60 cancer patients were enrolled. The majority of the cancer patients were males. The most common type of cancer observed was lung cancer. The majority of cases of PE occurred within the first year from the time of cancer diagnosis, while the majority of patients had already developed metastases. In addition, the majority of cancer patients had received chemotherapy over the past month, while they were not receiving anticoagulants and had central obstruction. A large proportion of patients had asymptomatic PE. The in-hospital mortality rate was 13.3% and no relapse or mortality were observed during the follow-up period. The present study demonstrates that elevated levels of lactic acid and an increased platelet count, as well as low serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, albumin and D-dimer, may be potential biomarkers for asymptomatic PE among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kouvelos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Renal Transplantation Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Sklapani
- Department of Cytology, Mitera Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Grivas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Gouveris
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Tzovaras
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elissavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, Agios Savvas Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miltiadis Matsagkas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
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Maraveyas A, Kraaijpoel N, Bozas G, Huang C, Mahé I, Bertoletti L, Bartels-Rutten A, Beyer-Westendorf J, Constans J, Iosub D, Couturaud F, Muñoz AJ, Biosca M, Lerede T, van Es N, Di Nisio M. The prognostic value of respiratory symptoms and performance status in ambulatory cancer patients and unsuspected pulmonary embolism; analysis of an international, prospective, observational cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2791-2800. [PMID: 34532927 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal risk stratification of unsuspected pulmonary embolism (UPE) in ambulatory cancer patients (ACPs) remains unclear. Existing clinical predictive rules (CPRs) are derived from retrospective databases and have limitations. The UPE registry is a prospective international registry with pre-specified characteristics of ACPs with a recent UPE. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of risk factors captured in the UPE registry in predicting proximate (30-, 90- and 180-day) mortality and how they performed when applied to an existing CPR. OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors for proximate mortality, overall survival, recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding, in the patients enrolled in the UPE registry cohort. METHODS Data from the 695 ACPs in this registry were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify predictors independently associated with proximate mortality and overall survival. The most consistent predictors were applied to the Hull CPR, an existing 5-point prediction rule. RESULTS The most consistent predictors of mortality were patient-reported respiratory symptoms within 14 days before, and ECOG performance status at the time of UPE. These predictors applied to the Hull-CPR produced a consistent correlation with proximate mortality and overall survival (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.70 [95% CI 0.63, 077], AUC = 0.65 [95% CI 0.60, 070], AUC = 0.64 [95% CI 0.59, 068], and AUC = 0.61, 95% CI 0.57, 0.65, respectively). CONCLUSION In ACPs with UPE, ECOG performance status logged contemporaneously to the UPE diagnosis and respiratory symptoms prior to UPE diagnosis can stratify mortality risk. When applied to the HULL-CPR these risk predictors confirmed the risk stratification clusters of low-intermediate and high-risk for proximate mortality as seen in the original derivation cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Maraveyas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Centre for Cancer Studies, The Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull, UK
| | - Noémie Kraaijpoel
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Bozas
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | | | - Isabelle Mahé
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-_S1140, Paris, France
- INNOVTE-FCRIN, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Bertoletti
- CHU de St-Etienne, Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Thérapeutique, INSERM, UMR1059, Université Jean-Monnet, INSERM, CIC-1408, CHU de Saint-Etienne, INNOVTE, CHU de Saint-Etienne, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Annemarieke Bartels-Rutten
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Beyer-Westendorf
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Dresden, Germany
| | - Joel Constans
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diana Iosub
- Thromboembolic Disease Unit, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francis Couturaud
- Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Brest University Hospital Centre "La Cavale Blanche", EA 3878, Brest, France
| | - Andres J Muñoz
- Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Lerede
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Bergamo, Seriate, Italy
| | - Nick van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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21
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Qiu M, Meng Y, Wang H, Sun L, Liu Z, Kan S, Wang T, Zhang S. Concurrence of Gastric Cancer and Incidental Pulmonary Embolism May Be a Prognostic Factor for Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients with Incidental Pulmonary Embolism. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7637-7644. [PMID: 34675659 PMCID: PMC8500498 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s329329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer is well known as the most important risk factor for the emergence of pulmonary embolism (PE). The incidence of incidental PE (IPE) has increased with widely use of multi-detector-row computed tomography (CT) technology. Simultaneously, more new cancer patients diagnosed concomitantly with IPE are found. No study has examined the presentation and prognosis of incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) in gastric cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyse prognostic factors in patients with advanced gastric cancer complicated with IPE. Patients and Methods Ninety patients with histologically confirmed advanced gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed with IPE were enrolled. Continuous variables were compared using Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test if non-normally distributed. The Chi-squared test (or Fisher’s exact test where appropriate) was used to compare categorical variables. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Log rank test were used for survival analysis. Independent prognostic factors for survival were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model. A two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with IPE concomitantly with gastric cancer. Concurrence of gastric cancer and IPE, lack of anticoagulation therapy, and location of IPE were associated with survival. After adjusting for age and sex, the concurrence of gastric cancer and IPE, lack of anticoagulation, and central IPE independently influenced the survival of advanced gastric cancer patients with IPE. Subgroup analysis of patients with peripheral pulmonary embolisms confirmed that anticoagulant therapy provided a survival benefit. Conclusion Concurrence of gastric cancer and IPE may be a prognostic factor for advanced gastric cancer patients with IPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Qiu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Kan
- Department of Oncology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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22
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Caiano L, Carrier M, Marshall A, Young AM, Ageno W, Delluc A, Wang TF. Outcomes among patients with cancer and incidental or symptomatic venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2468-2479. [PMID: 34161655 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and it is commonly detected incidentally. The outcomes and optimal management for patients with cancer and incidental VTE remain debated. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the outcomes in patients with cancer and incidentally detected VTE compared to those with symptomatic events. PATIENTS/METHODS We searched the electronic databases and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies reporting recurrent VTE, major bleeding events, and mortality in patients with cancer and incidental VTE compared to symptomatic VTE. RESULTS We included 23 studies for the systematic review: 3 RCTs and 20 observational studies. The meta-analysis of the 3 RCTs showed a significantly lower rate of VTE recurrence at 6 months in patients with incidental VTE compared to those with symptomatic VTE (relative risk [RR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.87). The risk of major bleeding events at 6 months was numerically higher with incidental VTE compared to symptomatic VTE (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.99-2.20). There was no difference in overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with cancer, incidental VTE was associated with a lower rate of VTE recurrence compared to symptomatic VTE, with a trend in increased major bleeding events. The risk-benefit ratio of anticoagulation may differ between incidental and symptomatic events and should be considered in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caiano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marc Carrier
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa at The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Annie M Young
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Aurélien Delluc
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa at The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tzu-Fei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa at The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Ording AG, Skjøth F, Søgaard M, Højen AA, Overvad TF, Noble S, Goldhaber SZ, Larsen TB. Increasing Incidence and Declining Mortality After Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Med 2021; 134:868-876.e5. [PMID: 33631159 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism has increased, but whether short-term mortality after cancer-associated venous thromboembolism has changed remains uncertain. We investigated whether the increasing incidence of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients is associated with a change in mortality. METHODS We used administrative medical registries to identify a cohort of all Danish patients diagnosed with a first primary cancer from 2006 to 2017. We examined temporal changes in 1-year risks of venous thromboembolism and in mortality risks at 30 days and 1 year after venous thromboembolism. Cox regression was used to assess changes in mortality rate ratios over time. RESULTS We included 350,272 cancer patients (median age 68 years, 49.1% female), of whom 8167 developed venous thromboembolism within 1 year after cancer diagnosis. The cumulative 1-year risk of venous thromboembolism was 1.8% in 2006-2008, increasing to 2.8% for patients diagnosed in 2015-2017. The 30-day mortality after venous thromboembolism decreased from 15.1% in 2006-2008 to 12.7% in 2015-2017, and the 1-year mortality decreased from 52.4% to 45.8%, equivalent to a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.90). This pattern of declining 1-year mortality was consistent for patients with pulmonary embolism, HR 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.90), and deep venous thrombosis, HR 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.87). Lower mortality over time was evident across all strata of cancer stage, cancer type, and cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year risk of venous thromboembolism after a first primary cancer diagnosis in Denmark increased during 2006-2017. This increase was accompanied by declining mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flemming Skjøth
- Unit Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Søgaard
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Thure Filskov Overvad
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology; Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Noble
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel Zachary Goldhaber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Torben Bjerregaard Larsen
- Unit for Thrombosis and Drug Research, Department of Cardiology; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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24
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Kirkpatrick EC. Pulmonary Hypertension as a Complication of Pediatric Cancer. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211009094. [PMID: 33889681 PMCID: PMC8040614 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211009094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer is a life threatening disease known to create multi-organ complications that further compromise medical management affecting patient morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is becoming more recognized as a complication of cancer and its therapies but has not been well characterized in pediatrics. Cancer pathophysiology can be uniquely set up to promote pulmonary vascular injury and remodeling that is similar to PH patients without cancer. This highlights the need to evaluate for PH clinically and with routine testing such as echocardiography during the course of a patient's care even into adulthood. This review article will discuss the direct, indirect and therapy related aspects of cancer which can promote PH in these patients. This understanding is essential to target effective treatment options in a potentially fatal complication. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms are presented in relation to the most recent pediatric PH management guidelines.
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25
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Cost of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Patients with Lung Cancer: Costecat Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020394. [PMID: 33419138 PMCID: PMC7825488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with lung cancer (LC) are at significantly higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which may lead to increased use of health resources and the cost of the disease management. The main aim of the study was to determine the cost of the management of VTE events in patients with LC treated with Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) in Spain. Methods: Costecat was an observational, ambispective pharmacoeconomic study. Patients with LC, with a first episode of VTE (symptomatic or incidental) in treatment with LMWH, were recruited from six third-level hospitals and followed up for six months. Sociodemographic, clinical and resource use variables of VTE-related implications and its treatment were collected. Direct healthcare costs and direct non-healthcare costs were recorded. Data collection was documented in an electronic case report. Costs (€2018) were estimated from the healthcare perspective. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program R 3.4.3 version (30 November 2017). Results: Forty-seven patients were included. Mean age was 65.4 years, 66.0% were male. The percentage of patients with LC who had metastatic disease was 78.7%. Twenty-three patients (48.9%) needed hospital admissions due to thromboembolic episode. Total average cost of patients with cancer associated VTE (CAT) was €10,969.6 per patient/semester. The hospitalizations represent 65.8% of total costs (7207.3 € SD 13,996.9 €), followed by LMWH therapy which represents 18.6% (2033.8 € SD:630.5 €). Conclusions: Venous thromboembolism episodes induce an economic impact on patients and healthcare systems. Direct healthcare costs are the major burden of the total cost, in which hospitalizations are the main drivers of cost.
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26
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Peris M, López-Nuñez JJ, Maestre A, Jimenez D, Muriel A, Bikdeli B, Weinberg I, Ay C, Mazzolai L, Lorenzo A, Monreal M. Clinical characteristics and 3-month outcomes in cancer patients with incidental versus clinically suspected and confirmed pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir J 2020; 58:13993003.02723-2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02723-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundCurrent guidelines suggest treating cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) similarly to those with clinically suspected and confirmed PE. However, the natural history of these presentations has not been thoroughly compared.MethodsWe used the data from the RIETE (Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica) registry to compare the 3-month outcomes in patients with active cancer and incidental PE versus those with clinically suspected and confirmed PE. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were PE-related mortality, symptomatic PE recurrences and major bleeding.ResultsFrom July 2012 to January 2019, 946 cancer patients with incidental asymptomatic PE and 2274 with clinically suspected and confirmed PE were enrolled. Most patients (95% versus 90%) received low-molecular-weight heparin therapy. During the first 90 days, 598 patients died, including 42 from PE. Patients with incidental PE had a lower all-cause mortality rate than those with suspected and confirmed PE (11% versus 22%; OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34–0.54). Results were consistent for PE-related mortality (0.3% versus 1.7%; OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06–0.59). Multivariable analysis confirmed that patients with incidental PE were at lower risk of death (adjusted OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34–0.56). Overall, 29 (0.9%) patients developed symptomatic PE recurrences, and 122 (3.8%) had major bleeding. There were no significant differences in PE recurrences (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25–1.54) or major bleeding (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.51–1.18).ConclusionsCancer patients with incidental PE had a lower mortality rate than those with clinically suspected and confirmed PE. Further studies are required to validate these findings, and to explore optimal management strategies in these patients.
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27
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Meyer G, Planquette B. Incidental venous thromboembolism, detected by chance, but still venous thromboembolism. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:55/2/2000028. [PMID: 32029648 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00028-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Meyer
- Division of Respiratory Disease, APHP Centre, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Planquette
- Division of Respiratory Disease, APHP Centre, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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28
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Chang H, Kim MS, Lee SY, Shin SH, Park HY, Chang SA, Park TK, Kim DK, Kim EK. Does anticoagulation needed for distally located incidental pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with active cancer? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222149. [PMID: 31514205 PMCID: PMC6742487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) is frequently detected in of cancer patients undergoing CT scans for staging work up or treatment response evaluation. Nevertheless, the optimal management of IPE remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of IPE in cancer patients and to compare the clinical prognosis according to anticoagulation therapy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of cancer patients with newly diagnosed PE between March 2010 and December 2013. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, cancer status and clinical presentation of PE were recorded. We compared all cause death, recurrent venous thromboembolism and clinically relevant bleeding events in those with PE. Survival analysis was performed to assess effect of anticoagulation on IPE. Results Among 703 cancer patients diagnosed with PE, IPE was identified in 474 (67.3%) patients. Compared to symptomatic patients, those with IPE had more advanced malignancy, were more likely to be on current chemotherapy at the time of IPE diagnosis. These patients tend to have smaller embolic burden, as demonstrated by the lower rate of bilateral lung involvement and RV dysfunction. While symptomatic PE showed better survival with anticoagulation (median survival 6.0 vs. 17.3 months, p = 0.003), anticoagulation did not result in significant survival benefit in IPE (median survival 15.1 vs. 21.3, p = 0.225). However, in subgroup analysis, there was significant improvement in survival with anticoagulation in patients with proximal IPE (median survival 12.2 vs. 23.4 months, p = 0.023), but not in patients with distal IPE (21.2 vs. 15.1, p = 0.906). Conclusions In cancer patients who were diagnosed with IPE, the overall survival was different according to the embolic burden and anticoagulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseong Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-A Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taek Kyu Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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29
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Kraaijpoel N, Bleker SM, Meyer G, Mahé I, Muñoz A, Bertoletti L, Bartels-Rutten A, Beyer-Westendorf J, Porreca E, Boulon C, van Es N, Iosub DI, Couturaud F, Biosca M, Lerede T, Lacroix P, Maraveyas A, Aggarwal A, Girard P, Büller HR, Di Nisio M. Treatment and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Incidental Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With Cancer: An International Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:1713-1720. [PMID: 31116676 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary embolism is incidentally diagnosed in up to 5% of patients with cancer on routine imaging scans. The clinical relevance and optimal therapy for incidental pulmonary embolism, particularly distal clots, is unclear. The aim of the current study was to assess current treatment strategies and the long-term clinical outcomes of incidentally detected pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an international, prospective, observational cohort study between October 22, 2012, and December 31, 2017. Unselected adults with active cancer and a recent diagnosis of incidental pulmonary embolism were eligible. Outcomes were recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality during 12 months of follow-up. Outcome events were centrally adjudicated. RESULTS A total of 695 patients were included. Mean age was 66 years and 58% of patients were male. Most frequent cancer types were colorectal (21%) and lung cancer (15%). Anticoagulant therapy was initiated in 675 patients (97%), of whom 600 (89%) were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin. Recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 41 patients (12-month cumulative incidence, 6.0%; 95% CI, 4.4% to 8.1%), major bleeding in 39 patients (12-month cumulative incidence, 5.7%; 95% CI, 4.1% to 7.7%), and 283 patients died (12-month cumulative incidence, 43%; 95% CI, 39% to 46%). The 12-month incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism was 6.4% in those with subsegmental pulmonary embolism compared with 6.0% in those with more proximal pulmonary embolism (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.9; P = .93). CONCLUSION In patients with cancer with incidental pulmonary embolism, risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism is significant despite anticoagulant treatment. Patients with subsegmental pulmonary embolism seemed to have a risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism comparable to that of patients with more proximal clots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne M Bleker
- 1 Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guy Meyer
- 2 Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France.,3 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,4 French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Isabelle Mahé
- 4 French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Saint-Étienne, France.,5 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.,6 Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,7 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Andrés Muñoz
- 8 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Bertoletti
- 4 French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Saint-Étienne, France.,9 Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Thérapeutique, CHU de St-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,10 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1059, Equipe Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,11 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CIC-1408, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | | | | | - Carine Boulon
- 15 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nick van Es
- 1 Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francis Couturaud
- 17 Centre Hospitalier Régionaux et Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | | | - Teresa Lerede
- 19 Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Philippe Lacroix
- 20 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | | | - Anita Aggarwal
- 22 George Washington University School of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Philippe Girard
- 23 Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Paris, France.,24 Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Harry R Büller
- 1 Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Fuentes HE, Tafur AJ, Caprini JA, Alatri A, Trujillo-Santos J, Farge-Bancel D, Rosa V, Font L, Vilaseca A, Monreal M. Prediction of early mortality in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis in the RIETE Database. INT ANGIOL 2019; 38:173-184. [PMID: 31112023 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.19.04110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper risk stratification of patients for early mortality after cancer-associated thrombosis may lead to personalized anticoagulation protocols. Therefore, we aimed to derive and validate a scoring system to predict early mortality in this population. To this end, we selected patients with active cancer and thrombosis from the Computerized Registry of Patients with Venous Thromboembolism database. METHODS The main outcome was all cause mortality within the month following a thrombotic event. We used a simple random selection to split are data in a derivation and a validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, we used recursive partitioning and binary logistic regression to identify groups at risk and to determine the likelihood of the primary outcome. The risk score was developed based on odds ratios from the final multivariate model, and then tested in the validation cohort. RESULTS In 10,025 eligible patients, we identified 6 predictors of 30-day mortality: leukocytosis ≥11.5x109/L; platelet count ≤160x109/L, metastasis, recent immobility, initial presentation as pulmonary embolism and Body Mass Index <18.5. The model divided the population into 3 risk categories: low (score 0-3), moderate (score 4-6), and high (score ≥7). The AUC for the overall score was 0.74, and using a cutoff ≥7 points, the model had a negative predictive value of 94.4%, a positive predictive value of 23.1%, a sensitivity of 73.3%, and a specificity of 64.6% in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our validated risk model may assist physicians in the selection of patients for outpatient management, and perhaps anticoagulant, considering expanding anticoagulation options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry E Fuentes
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA -
| | - Alfonso J Tafur
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Cardiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph A Caprini
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,NorthShore University, HealthSystem-Emeritus, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Adriano Alatri
- Division of Angiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Javier Trujillo-Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Vladimir Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Llorenç Font
- Department of Hematology, Tortosa Verge de la Cinta Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alicia Vilaseca
- Department of Hematology and Hemostasis, San Camilo Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Monreal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Peacock WF, Singer AJ. Reducing the hospital burden associated with the treatment of pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:720-736. [PMID: 30851227 PMCID: PMC6849869 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most feared clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Patients with PE have traditionally been treated in hospital; however, many are at low risk of adverse outcomes and current guidelines suggest outpatient treatment as an option. Outpatient treatment of PE offers several advantages, including reduced risk of hospital-acquired conditions and potential cost savings. Despite this, patients with low-risk PE are still frequently hospitalized for treatment. This narrative review summarizes current guideline recommendations for the identification of patients with low-risk PE who are potentially suitable for outpatient treatment, using prognostic assessment tools (e.g. the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index [PESI] and simplified PESI) and clinical exclusion criteria (e.g. Hestia criteria) alone or in combination with additional cardiac assessments. Treatment options are discussed along with recommendations for the follow-up of patients managed in the non-hospital environment. The available data on outpatient treatment of PE are summarized, including details on patient selection, anticoagulant choice, and short-term outcomes in each study. Accumulating evidence suggests that outcomes in patients with low-risk PE treated as outpatients are at least as good as, if not better than, those of patients treated in the hospital. With mounting pressures on health care systems worldwide, increasing the proportion of patients with PE treated as outpatients has the potential to reduce health care burdens associated with VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Adam J. Singer
- Department of Emergency MedicineStony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
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Ogunbayo GO, Pecha R, Misumida N, Goodwin E, Ayoub K, Hillerson D, Elbadawi A, Abdel-Latif A, Elayi CS, Messerli AW, Smyth SS. Outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy for patients with metastatic cancer and acute pulmonary embolism. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 56:104-107. [PMID: 30959093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignancy is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and around the world and the second leading cause of death in the United States. There is little data on the impact of metastatic cancer on the risk of hemorrhagic stroke or mortality among patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy (FT) for acute PE. METHODS Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we extracted admissions with a primary diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism that underwent FT from 2010 to 2014. We performed a case control matched analysis between patients with and without metastatic cancer. Our primary outcome of interest was Mortality and our secondary outcome of interest was hemorrhagic stroke (HS). RESULTS Of the 883,183 patients with a primary diagnosis of acute PE between 2010 and 12014, 23,690 patients (2.7%) underwent FT. After exclusion, 22,592 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 941 patients (4.2%) were reported to have metastatic cancer. There was a higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents and intubation/mechanical ventilation in the metastatic cancer arm. Mortality was significantly higher in the metastatic cancer arm with no difference in the incidence of HS. In multivariate regression analysis, among all patients that underwent FT for acute PE, metastatic cancer was associated with a significant odds for mortality (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.11-5.82, p < .001). CONCLUSION The presence of metastatic cancer in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy for acute pulmonary embolism is associated with increase mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Pecha
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Naoki Misumida
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Karam Ayoub
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Claude S Elayi
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Susan S Smyth
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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Quezada CA, Bikdeli B, Barrios D, Barbero E, Chiluiza D, Muriel A, Casazza F, Monreal M, Yusen RD, Jiménez D. Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Short-Term Prognosis of Hemodynamically Unstable Patients With Symptomatic Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:684-689. [PMID: 30528278 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There remains limited information about the prevalence and outcomes of hemodynamic unstable patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective registries that enrolled patients with acute PE to assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of hemodynamic instability for the primary outcome of short-term all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome of short-term PE-related mortality. We also assessed the association between use of thrombolytic therapy versus no use and short-term outcomes in the subgroup of unstable patients. We used a random-effects model to pool study results; and I2 testing to assess for heterogeneity. The authors' search retrieved 4 studies that enrolled 1,574 patients with unstable PE (1,574/40,363; 3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7% to 4.1%). Hemodynamic instability had a significant association with short-term all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR], 5.9; 95% CI, 2.7 to 13.0; I2 = 94%), and with PE-related death (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 3.4 to 19.7). In unstable patients, thrombolytic therapy was associated with reduced odds of short-term all-cause mortality (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.95), and PE-related death (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.97). In conclusion, hemodynamic instability significantly increased the risk of death shortly after PE diagnosis. Use of thrombolytic therapy was associated with significantly reduced short-term mortality.
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Mulder FI, Candeloro M, Kamphuisen PW, Di Nisio M, Bossuyt PM, Guman N, Smit K, Büller HR, van Es N. The Khorana score for prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Haematologica 2019; 104:1277-1287. [PMID: 30606788 PMCID: PMC6545838 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.209114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the performance of the Khorana score in predicting venous thromboembolic events in ambulatory cancer patients. Embase and MEDLINE were searched from January 2008 to June 2018 for studies which evaluated the Khorana score. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Additional data on the 6-month incidence of venous thromboembolism were sought by contacting corresponding authors. The incidence in each Khorana score risk group was estimated with random effects meta-analysis. A total of 45 articles and eight abstracts were included, comprising 55 cohorts enrolling 34,555 ambulatory cancer patients. For 27,849 patients (81%), 6-month follow-up data were obtained. Overall, 19% of patients had a Khorana score of 0 points, 64% a score of 1 or 2 points, and 17% a score of 3 or more points. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in the first six months was 5.0% (95%CI: 3.9-6.5) in patients with a low-risk Khorana score (0 points), 6.6% (95%CI: 5.6-7.7) in those with an intermediate-risk Khorana score (1 or 2 points), and 11.0% (95%CI: 8.8-13.8) in those with a high-risk Khorana score (3 points or higher). Of the patients with venous thromboembolism in the first six months, 23.4% (95%CI: 18.4-29.4) had been classified as high risk according to the Khorana score. In conclusion, the Khorana score can be used to select ambulatory cancer patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism for thromboprophylaxis; however, most events occur outside this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits I Mulder
- Tergooi Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands .,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matteo Candeloro
- University G. D'Annunzio, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pieter W Kamphuisen
- Tergooi Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- University G. D'Annunzio, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrick M Bossuyt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noori Guman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Smit
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry R Büller
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nick van Es
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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How I treat cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. Blood 2018; 133:291-298. [PMID: 30478093 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-835595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common complication of cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several cancer-related risk factors contribute to the development of VTE including cancer type and stage, chemotherapy, surgery, and patient-related factors such as advanced age and immobilization. Patients with cancer frequently undergo diagnostic imaging scans for cancer staging and treatment response evaluation, which is increasing the underlying risk of VTE detection. The management of cancer-associated VTE is challenging. Over the years, important advances have been made and, recently, randomized controlled trials have been published helping clinicians' management of this patient population. In this review, we will discuss common cancer-associated VTE scenarios and critically review available evidence to guide treatment decisions.
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Weeda ER, Caranfa JT, Lyman GH, Kuderer NM, Nguyen E, Coleman CI, Kohn CG. External validation of three risk stratification rules in patients presenting with pulmonary embolism and cancer. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:921-925. [PMID: 30090992 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous risk stratification rules exist to predict post-pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality; however, few were designed for use in cancer patients. In the EPIPHANY registry, adapted versions of common rules (the Hestia criteria, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index [PESI], and simplified PESI [sPESI]) displayed high sensitivity for prognosticating mortality in PE patients with cancer. These adapted rules have yet to be externally validated. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the performance of an adapted Hestia criteria, PESI, and sPESI for predicting 30-day post-PE mortality in patients with cancer. We identified consecutive, adults presenting with objectively confirmed PE and cancer to our institution (November 2010 to January 2014). The proportion of patients categorized as low or high risk by these three risk stratification rules was calculated, and each rule's accuracy for predicting 30-day all-cause mortality was determined. Of the 124 patients with PE and active cancer identified, 25 (20%) experienced mortality at 30 days. The adapted Hestia criteria categorized 23 (19%) patients as low risk, while exhibiting a sensitivity of 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 68-97%), a negative predictive value NPV of 87% (95% CI = 65-97%), and a specificity of 20% (95% CI = 13-30%). A total of 38 (31%) and 30 (24%) patients were low risk by the adapted PESI and sPESI, with both displaying sensitivities of 92% and NPVs > 93%. Specificities were 36% (95% CI = 27-47%) and 28% (95% CI = 20-38%) for PESI and sPESI. In our external validation, the adapted Hestia, PESI, and sPESI demonstrated high sensitivity but low specificity for 30-day PE mortality in patients with cancer. Larger, prospective trials are needed to optimize strategies for risk stratification in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Weeda
- Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Gary H Lyman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Elaine Nguyen
- Idaho State University College of Pharmacy, Meridian, ID, USA
| | - Craig I Coleman
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-Based Practice Center, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06102, USA
| | - Christine G Kohn
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA. .,University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-Based Practice Center, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06102, USA.
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Validation of the EPIPHANY index for predicting risk of serious complications in cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:3601-3607. [PMID: 29725804 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The EPIPHANY index was developed to classify cancer associated pulmonary embolism (PE) into different risk categories using decision tree modeling. In this study, we tried to externally validate this index in a distinct group of patients solely composed of incidental PE (IPE). METHODS A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with IPE in two Emergency Departments in the USA and South Korea from 2013 to 2014 was performed. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a serious medical complication within 15 days of presentation to ED. Thirty-day complication was the secondary outcome. Cumulative hazard curves for each prognostic category were drawn to show the change in hazards over time. RESULTS A total of 258 patients with IPE were included (193 from MD Anderson Cancer Center and 65 from Asan Medical Center). Serious complication within 15 days occurred in 23 (8.9%) patients. The risk of overall 15-day and 30-day serious complications increased with each category (low, intermediate, and high risk: 3.4, 8.9, and 23.8%, P = 0.033; 6.9, 9.5, and 33.3%, P = 0.011). Cumulative hazard curves for each prognostic category were drawn and the survival functions factored by prognostic categories were significantly different over 15 days (P = 0.015) and 30 days (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the EPIPHANY index could be a useful adjunct tool in risk stratification of cancer patients with IPE.
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Tafur AJ, Fuentes H, Caprini JA, Rivas A, Uresandi F, Duce R, Lopez-Reyes R, Visona A, Merah A, Monreal M. Predictors of Early Mortality in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Analysis of the RIETE Database. TH OPEN 2018; 2:e158-e166. [PMID: 31249939 PMCID: PMC6524871 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CT) carries a high, heterogeneous, and poorly predicted likelihood of mortality. Thus, we aimed to define predictors of 30-day mortality in 10,025 patients with CT. In a randomly selected derivation cohort, we used recursive partitioning analysis to detect variables that select for a risk of mortality within 30 days. In a validation cohort, we evaluated our results using Cochran–Armitage test. The most common types of cancer were lung (16%), breast (14%), and colorectal (14%); median age was 69 years (range, 14–101); most had metastatic disease (63%); 13% of patients died within 30 days. In the derivation cohort (
n
= 6,660), a white blood cell (WBC) count in the highest quartile predicted early mortality (odds ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6–13.1); and the presence of metastatic disease, pulmonary embolism (PE), and immobility defined the risk of those with normal WBC count. We defined death risk according four sequential questions: (1) Does the patient have an elevated WBC count? (Yes, group D). (2) If no, does the patient have metastasis? (No, group A). (3) If yes, is the patient immobile? (Yes, group D). (4) If no, does the patient have a PE? (Yes, group C; no, group B). In the validation cohort (
n
= 3,365), the 30-day risk of death was 2.9% in group A (95% CI, 1.9–4.3), compared with 25% in group D (95% CI, 22.5–27.5), and there was a rate escalation between groups (
p
for trend < 0.01). In conclusion, with four sequential questions, the risk of death in CT can be easily stratified. An elevated WBC count at baseline predicted 30-day mortality better than metastases, PE, or immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Tafur
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Harry Fuentes
- John Stroger Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joseph A Caprini
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - F Uresandi
- Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | | | | | - Adriana Visona
- Ospedale Castelfranco Veneto, Castelfranco Veneto, Italy
| | - Adel Merah
- Université Jean-Monnet, Service de Medecine Vasculaire et Therapeutique, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Manuel Monreal
- Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Barcelona, Spain
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Lee AYY. When can we stop anticoagulation in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis? HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2017; 2017:128-135. [PMID: 29222247 PMCID: PMC6142616 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2017.1.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown. Without well-designed studies evaluating the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of continuing anticoagulant therapy beyond the acute treatment period of 3 to 6 months, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Consensus guidelines generally suggest continuing anticoagulation treatment in patients with active cancer or receiving cancer treatment, with periodic reassessment of the risks and benefits. Unfortunately, with very little published data on the epidemiology of cancer-associated VTE beyond the initial 6 months, it is not possible for clinicians and patients to weigh risks and benefits in a quantitatively informed manner. Further research is needed to provide reliable and contemporary estimates on the risk of recurrent VTE off anticoagulant therapy, risk of bleeding on anticoagulant therapy, case fatality or all-cause mortality, and other important consequences of living with cancer-associated VTE. This chapter provides an overview of the published literature on real-world data on anticoagulant therapy use, the risks and risk factors of recurrent VTE and bleeding, and patient preference and values regarding long-term anticoagulation treatment. It will conclude with a pragmatic, experience-informed approach for tailoring anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Y Y Lee
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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40
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When can we stop anticoagulation in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis? Blood 2017; 130:2484-2490. [PMID: 29212805 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-787929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown. Without well-designed studies evaluating the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of continuing anticoagulant therapy beyond the acute treatment period of 3 to 6 months, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Consensus guidelines generally suggest continuing anticoagulation in patients with active cancer or receiving cancer treatment, with periodic reassessment of the risks and benefits. Unfortunately, with very little published data on the epidemiology of cancer-associated VTE beyond the initial 6 months, it is not possible for clinicians and patients to weigh risks and benefits in a quantitatively informed manner. Further research is needed to provide reliable and contemporary estimates on the risk of recurrent VTE off anticoagulation, risk of bleeding on anticoagulation, case fatality or all-cause mortality, and other important consequences of living with cancer-associated VTE. This chapter provides an overview of the published literature on real-world data on anticoagulant therapy use, the risks and risk factors of recurrent VTE and bleeding, and patient preference and values regarding long-term anticoagulation. It will conclude with a pragmatic, experience-informed approach for tailoring anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated VTE.
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Khan UT, Walker AJ, Baig S, Card TR, Kirwan CC, Grainge MJ. Venous thromboembolism and mortality in breast cancer: cohort study with systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:747. [PMID: 29126386 PMCID: PMC5681811 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer patients are at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, current evidence as to whether VTE increases the risk of mortality in breast cancer patients is conflicting. We present data from a large cohort of patients from the UK and pool these with previous data from a systematic review. METHODS Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) dataset, we identified a cohort of 13,202 breast cancer patients, of whom 611 were diagnosed with VTE between 1997 and 2006 and 12,591 did not develop VTE. Hazard ratios (HR) were used to compare mortality between the two groups. These were then pooled with existing data on this topic identified via a search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (until January 2015) using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Within the CPRD, VTE was associated with increased mortality when treated as a time-varying covariate (HR = 2.42; 95% CI, 2.13-2.75), however, when patients were permanently classed as having VTE based on presence of a VTE event within 6 months of cancer diagnosis, no increased risk was observed (HR = 1.22; 0.93-1.60). The pooled HR from seven studies using the second approach was 1.69 (1.12-2.55), with no effect seen when restricted to studies which adjusted for key covariates. CONCLUSION A large HR for VTE in the time-varying covariate analysis reflects the known short-term mortality following a VTE. When breast cancer patients are fortunate to survive the initial VTE, the influence on longer-term mortality is less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair T. Khan
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Alex J. Walker
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Sadaf Baig
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Tim R. Card
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Cliona C. Kirwan
- Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9PL UK
| | - Matthew J. Grainge
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
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Jiménez-Fonseca P, Carmona-Bayonas A, Font C, Plasencia-Martínez J, Calvo-Temprano D, Otero R, Beato C, Biosca M, Sánchez M, Benegas M, Varona D, Faez L, Antonio M, de la Haba I, Madridano O, Solis MP, Ramchandani A, Castañón E, Marchena PJ, Martín M, de la Peña FA, Vicente V. The prognostic impact of additional intrathoracic findings in patients with cancer-related pulmonary embolism. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:230-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Carmona-Bayonas A, Sánchez-Cánovas M, Plasencia JM, Custodio A, Martínez de Castro E, Virizuela JA, Ayala de la Peña F, Jiménez-Fonseca P. Key points to optimizing management and research on cancer-associated thrombosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:119-126. [PMID: 28593335 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that thromboembolism is relatively common in oncology patients and that the interrelationship between thrombotic risk and specific mechanisms of tumorigenesis has long been known, many cardinal elements of prevention and treatment remain unresolved. Among the existing knowledge gaps, the need to validate the Ay scale and compare it to the Khorana index, develop, and standardize the use of predictive biomarkers for thrombotic risk, conduct clinical trials in thromboprophylaxis adapted to thrombotic risk, evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct anticoagulants, select patients who can benefit from anticoagulants for antitumor treatment, validate the EPIPHANY study decision tree to choose patients with low-risk pulmonary embolism, and accumulate more practical experience in special situations (rethrombosis, prolonged therapy beyond 6 months, etc.) are especially remarkable. These gray areas surrounding cancer-related thromboembolism explain why it continues to be a relatively common cause of serious events, at times interfering significantly with the development of new tumor-fighting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carmona-Bayonas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, UMU, IMIB, Calle Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | - M Sánchez-Cánovas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, UMU, IMIB, Calle Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Plasencia
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Custodio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Martínez de Castro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - J A Virizuela
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - F Ayala de la Peña
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, UMU, IMIB, Calle Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Jiménez-Fonseca
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Predicting serious complications in patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism using decision tree modelling: the EPIPHANY Index. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:994-1001. [PMID: 28267709 PMCID: PMC5396106 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our objective was to develop a prognostic stratification tool that enables patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism (PE), whether incidental or symptomatic, to be classified according to the risk of serious complications within 15 days. Methods: The sample comprised cases from a national registry of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with cancer (1075 patients from 14 Spanish centres). Diagnosis was incidental in 53.5% of the events in this registry. The Exhaustive CHAID analysis was applied with 10-fold cross-validation to predict development of serious complications following PE diagnosis. Results: About 208 patients (19.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 17.1–21.8%) developed a serious complication after PE diagnosis. The 15-day mortality rate was 10.1%, (95% CI, 8.4–12.1%). The decision tree detected six explanatory covariates: Hestia-like clinical decision rule (any risk criterion present vs none), Eastern Cooperative Group performance scale (ECOG-PS; <2 vs ⩾2), O2 saturation (<90 vs ⩾90%), presence of PE-specific symptoms, tumour response (progression, unknown, or not evaluated vs others), and primary tumour resection. Three risk classes were created (low, intermediate, and high risk). The risk of serious complications within 15 days increases according to the group: 1.6, 9.4, 30.6% P<0.0001. Fifteen-day mortality rates also rise progressively in low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients: 0.3, 6.1, and 17.1% P<0.0001. The cross-validated risk estimate is 0.191 (s.e.=0.012). The optimism-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.779 (95% CI, 0.717–0.840). Conclusions: We have developed and internally validated a prognostic index to predict serious complications with the potential to impact decision-making in patients with cancer and PE.
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Jimenez-Fonseca P, Carmona-Bayonas A, Calderon C, Fontcuberta Boj J, Font C, Lecumberri R, Monreal M, Muñoz Martín AJ, Otero R, Rubio A, Ruiz-Artacho P, Suarez Fernández C, Colome E, Pérez Segura P. FOTROCAN Delphi consensus statement regarding the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis in areas of uncertainty and low quality of evidence. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:997-1009. [PMID: 28243988 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decision-making in cancer-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often founded on scant lines of evidence and weak recommendations. The aim of this work is to evaluate the percentage of agreement surrounding a series of statements about complex, clinically relevant, and highly uncertain aspects to formulate explicit action guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Opinions were based on a structured questionnaire with appropriate scores and were agreed upon using a Delphi method. Questions were selected based on a list of recommendations with low evidence from the Spanish Society of Oncology Clinical Guideline for Thrombosis. The questionnaire was completed in two iterations by a multidisciplinary panel of experts in thrombosis. RESULTS Of the 123 statements analyzed, the panel concurred on 22 (17%) and another 81 (65%) were agreed on by qualified majority, including important aspects of long-term and prolonged anticoagulation, major bleeding and rethrombosis management, treatment in special situations, catheter-related thrombosis and thromboprophylaxis. Among them, the panelists agreed the incidental events should be equated to symptomatic ones, long-term and extended use of full-dose low-molecular weight heparin, and concluded that the Khorana score is not sensitive enough to uphold an effective thromboprophylaxis strategy. CONCLUSION Though the level of consensus varied depending on the scenario presented, overall, the iterative process achieved broad agreement as to the general treatment principles of cancer-associated VTE. Clinical validation of these statements in genuine practice conditions would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jimenez-Fonseca
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Carmona-Bayonas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, UMU, IMIB, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Calderon
- Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Fontcuberta Boj
- Unitat d'Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital Universitari de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Font
- Medical Oncology Department, IDIBAPS/Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Hospital Universitari Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Lecumberri
- Hemaotology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Monreal
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - A J Muñoz Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Otero
- Medical-Surgical Unit for Respiratory Disease, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Rubio
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Artacho
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Suarez Fernández
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Colome
- Scientific Affairs, LEO Pharma, Barcelona, S.A, Spain
| | - P Pérez Segura
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Posch F, Ay C. Symptoms, signs, suspicion and setting: a PESI score for cancer-associated pulmonary embolism? Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/1/1602225. [PMID: 28052963 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02225-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Posch
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Dept of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Division of Oncology, Dept of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Dept of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria .,Dept of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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