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Chen Z, Wu S, Huang L, Li J, Li X, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Chen M. Colonic microflora and plasma metabolite-based comparative analysis of unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced chronic kidney disease after treatment with the Chinese medicine FuZhengHuaYuJiangZhuTongLuo and AST-120. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24987. [PMID: 38333870 PMCID: PMC10850519 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many researchers have investigated the use of Chinese herbs to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through their effects on colonic microflora and microbiota-derived metabolites. However, whether FuZhengHuaYuJiangZhuTongLuo (FZHY) has effects that are similar to those of AST-120 on CKD needs to be elucidated. Methods In this study, we compared the effects of FZHY and AST-120 on the colonic microbiota and plasma metabolites in the CKD rat model. We developed a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced CKD rat model and then administered FZHY and AST-120 to these model rats. Non-targeted metabolomic LC-MS analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and histopathological staining were performed on plasma, stool, and kidney tissues, respectively, and the joint correlation between biomarkers and metabolites of candidate bacteria was analyzed. Results Our results showed that administering FZHY and AST-120 effectively ameliorated UUO-induced abnormal renal function and renal fibrosis and regulated the composition of microbiota and metabolites. Compared to the UUO model group, the p_Firmicutes and o_Peptostreptococcales_Tissierellales were increased, while 14 negative ion metabolites were upregulated and 21 were downregulated after FZHY treatment. Additionally, 40 positive ion metabolites were upregulated and 63 were downregulated. On the other hand, AST-120 treatment resulted in an increase in the levels of g_Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group and f_Prevotellaceae, as well as 12 upregulated and 23 downregulated negative ion metabolites and 56 upregulated and 63 downregulated positive ion metabolites. Besides, FZHY increased the levels of candidate bacterial biomarkers that were found to be negatively correlated with some poisonous metabolites, such as 4-hydroxyretinoic acid, and positively correlated with beneficial metabolites, such as l-arginine. AST-120 increased the levels of candidate bacterial biomarkers that were negatively correlated with some toxic metabolites, such as glycoursodeoxycholic acid, 4-ethylphenol, and indole-3-acetic acid. Conclusion FZHY and AST-120 effectively reduced kidney damage, in which, the recovery of some dysregulated bacteria and metabolites are probably involved. As their mechanisms of regulation were different, FZHY might play a complementary role to AST-120 in treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Zejun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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Lucena R, Jasani A, Anastasia S, Kellogg D, Alcaide-Gavilan M. Casein kinase 1 controls components of a TORC2 signaling network in budding yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.578072. [PMID: 38352417 PMCID: PMC10862894 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Tor kinases play diverse and essential roles in control of nutrient signaling and cell growth. Tor kinases are assembled into two large multiprotein complexes referred to as Tor Complex 1 and Tor Complex 2 (TORC1 and TORC2). In budding yeast, TORC2 controls a signaling network that relays signals regarding carbon source that strongly influence growth rate and cell size. However, the mechanisms that control TORC2 signaling are poorly understood. Activation of TORC2 requires Mss4, a phosphoinositol kinase that initiates assembly of a multi-protein complex at the plasma membrane that recruits and activates downstream targets of TORC2. Localization of Mss4 to the plasma membrane is controlled by phosphorylation and previous work suggested that yeast homologs of casein kinase 1γ, referred to as Yck1 and Yck2, control phosphorylation of Mss4. Here, we generated a new analog-sensitive allele of YCK2 and used it to test whether Yck1/2 influence signaling in the TORC2 network. We found that multiple components of the TORC2 network are strongly influenced by Yck1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lucena
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Sawnta Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Present address: Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Akshi Jasani
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Sawnta Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Steph Anastasia
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Sawnta Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Present address: Monterey One Water, 5 Harris Ct, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
| | - Douglas Kellogg
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Sawnta Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Maria Alcaide-Gavilan
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Sawnta Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Present address: Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Li Z, Wang L, Yi T, Liu D, Li G, Jin DC. The nuclear receptor gene E75 plays a key role in regulating the molting process of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:1-11. [PMID: 38112881 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor gene Ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75), as the component of ecdysone response genes in the ecdysone signaling pathway, has important regulatory function for insect molting. However, the regulatory function of E75 during the molting process of spider mites is not yet clear. In this study, the expression pattern of E75 in the molting process of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was analyzed. The results showed that there was a peak at 8 h post-molting, followed by a decline 8 h after entering each respective quiescent stage across various developmental stages. During the deutonymph stage, the expression dynamics of E75, observed at 4-h intervals, indicated that the transcript levels of TuE75 peaked at 24 h, coinciding with the onset of molting in the mites. To investigate the function of TuE75 during the molting process, silencing TuE75 through dsRNA injection into deutonymph mites at the age of 8 h yielded a notable outcome: 78% of the deutonymph mites were unable to progress to the adult stage. Among these phenotypic mites, 37% were incapable of transitioning into the quiescent state and eventually succumbed after a certain period. An additional 41% of the mites successfully entered the quiescent state but encountered difficulties in shedding the old epidermis, leading to eventual mortality. In summary, these results suggested that TuE75 plays a key role in the molting process of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Lin L, Li H, Zheng Q, Hu J, Wu W. Research Progress on the Regulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Insects by Sterol Hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone. INSECTS 2023; 14:871. [PMID: 37999070 PMCID: PMC10672190 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
20E (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a central steroid hormone that orchestrates developmental changes and metamorphosis in arthropods. While its molecular mechanisms have been recognized for some time, detailed elucidation has primarily emerged in the past decade. PCD (Programmed cell death), including apoptosis, necrosis, efferocytosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, plays a crucial role in regulated cell elimination, which is vital for cells' development and tissue homeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings on 20E signaling regulated autophagy and apoptosis in insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, Helicoverpa armigera, and other species. Firstly, we comprehensively explore the biosynthesis of the sterol hormone 20E and its subsequent signal transduction in various species. Then, we focus on the involvement of 20E in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, elucidating its roles in both developmental contexts and bacterial infection scenarios. Furthermore, our discussion unfolds as a panoramic exposition, where we delve into the fundamental questions with our findings, anchoring them within the grander scheme of our study in insects. Deepening the understanding of 20E-autophagy/apoptosis axis not only underscores the intricate tapestry of endocrine networks, but also offers fresh perspectives on the adaptive mechanisms that have evolved in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luobin Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Huaqin Li
- School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Xinhua University, 19 Huamei Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Qinzhou Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Wenmei Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Ahmad B, Lerma-Reyes R, Mukherjee T, Nguyen HV, Weber AL, Schulze WX, Comer JR, Schrick K. Nuclear localization of HD-Zip IV transcription factor GLABRA2 is driven by Importin α. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565550. [PMID: 37961624 PMCID: PMC10635128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
GLABRA2 (GL2), a class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip IV) transcription factor (TF) from Arabidopsis , is a developmental regulator of specialized cell types in the epidermis. GL2 contains a putative monopartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) partially overlapping with its homeodomain (HD). We demonstrate that NLS deletion or alanine substitution of its basic residues (KRKRKK) affects nuclear localization and results in a loss-of-function phenotype. Fusion of the predicted NLS (GTNKRKRKKYHRH) to the fluorescent protein EYFP is sufficient for its nuclear localization in roots and trichomes. The functional NLS is evolutionarily conserved in a distinct subset of HD-Zip IV members including PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2). Despite partial overlap of the NLS with the HD, genetic dissection of the NLS from PDF2 indicates that nuclear localization and DNA binding are separable functions. Affinity purification of GL2 from plant tissues followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified Importin α (IMPα) isoforms as potential GL2 interactors. NLS structural prediction and molecular docking studies with IMPα-3 revealed major interacting residues. Split-ubiquitin cytosolic yeast two-hybrid assays suggest interaction between GL2 and four IMPα isoforms from Arabidopsis. Direct interactions were verified in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation with recombinant proteins. IMPα triple mutants ( impα- 1,2,3 ) exhibit defects in EYFP:GL2 nuclear localization in trichomes but not in roots, consistent with tissue-specific and redundant functions of IMPα isoforms in Arabidopsis . Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic evidence for IMPα-dependent nuclear localization of GL2 and other HD-Zip IV TFs in plants. One sentence summary GLABRA2, a representative HD-Zip IV transcription factor from Arabidopsis , contains an evolutionarily conserved monopartite nuclear localization sequence that is recognized by Importin α for translocation to the nucleus, a process that is necessary for cell-type differentiation of the epidermis.
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Wang R, Lin Z, Zhou L, Chen C, Yu X, Zhang J, Zou Z, Lu Z. Rho 1 participates in parasitoid wasp eggs maturation and host cellular immunity inhibition. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:677-692. [PMID: 36271788 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoparasitoid wasps introduce venom into their host insects during the egg-laying stage. Venom proteins play various roles in the host physiology, development, immunity, and behavior manipulation and regulation. In this study, we identified a venom protein, MmRho1, a small guanine nucleotide-binding protein derived from ovary in the endoparasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator and found that knockdown of its expression by RNA interference caused down-regulation of vitellogenin and juvenile hormone, egg production, and cocoons formation in the female wasps. We demonstrated that MmRho1 entered the cotton bollworm's (host) hemocytes and suppressed cellular immune responses after parasitism using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, wasp MmRho1 interacted with the cotton bollworm's actin cytoskeleton rearrangement regulator diaphanous by yeast 2-hybrid and glutathione s-transferase pull-down. In conclusion, this study indicates that MmRho1 plays dual roles in wasp development and the suppression of the host insect cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Caihua Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianhao Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Herceg S, Janoštiak R. Diagnostic and Prognostic Profiling of Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:133-148. [PMID: 38410971 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the key features of eukaryotic cells is the separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments by a double-layer nuclear envelope. This separation is crucial for timely regulation of gene expression, mRNA biogenesis, cell cycle, and differentiation. Since transcription takes place in the nucleus and the major part of translation in the cytoplasm, proper distribution of biomolecules between these two compartments is ensured by nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins - karyopherins. Karyopherins transport biomolecules through nuclear pores bidirectionally in collaboration with Ran GTPases and utilize GTP as the source of energy. Different karyopherins transport different cargo molecules that play important roles in the regulation of cell physiology. In cancer cells, this nucleocytoplasmic transport is significantly dysregulated to support increased demands for the import of cell cycle-promoting biomolecules and export of cell cycle inhibitors and mRNAs. Here, we analysed genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data from published datasets to comprehensively profile karyopherin genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. We have found out that expression of multiple karyopherin genes is increased in hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to the normal liver, with importin subunit α-1, exportin 2, importin subunit β-1 and importin 9 being the most over-expressed. More-over, we have found that increased expression of these genes is associated with higher neoplasm grade as well as significantly worse overall survival of liver cancer patients. Taken together, our bioinformatic data-mining analysis provides a comprehensive geno-mic and transcriptomic landscape of karyopherins in hepatocellular carcinoma and identifies potential members that could be targeted in order to develop new treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herceg
- BIOCEV - First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Janoštiak
- BIOCEV - First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Shim KH, Sharma N, An SSA. Prion therapeutics: Lessons from the past. Prion 2022; 16:265-294. [PMID: 36515657 PMCID: PMC9754114 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of incurable zoonotic neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in humans and other animals caused by the prion proteins. The abnormal folding and aggregation of the soluble cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into scrapie isoform (PrPSc) in the Central nervous system (CNS) resulted in brain damage and other neurological symptoms. Different therapeutic approaches, including stalling PrPC to PrPSc conversion, increasing PrPSc removal, and PrPC stabilization, for which a spectrum of compounds, ranging from organic compounds to antibodies, have been explored. Additionally, a non-PrP targeted drug strategy using serpin inhibitors has been discussed. Despite numerous scaffolds being screened for anti-prion activity in vitro, only a few were effective in vivo and unfortunately, almost none of them proved effective in the clinical studies, most likely due to toxicity and lack of permeability. Recently, encouraging results from a prion-protein monoclonal antibody, PRN100, were presented in the first human trial on CJD patients, which gives a hope for better future for the discovery of other new molecules to treat prion diseases. In this comprehensive review, we have re-visited the history and discussed various classes of anti-prion agents, their structure, mode of action, and toxicity. Understanding pathogenesis would be vital for developing future treatments for prion diseases. Based on the outcomes of existing therapies, new anti-prion agents could be identified/synthesized/designed with reduced toxicity and increased bioavailability, which could probably be effective in treating prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Pajić T, Todorović NV, Živić M, Nikolić SN, Rabasović MD, Clayton AHA, Krmpot AJ. Label-free third harmonic generation imaging and quantification of lipid droplets in live filamentous fungi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18760. [PMID: 36335164 PMCID: PMC9637149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the utilization of Third-Harmonic Generation microscopy for label-free live cell imaging of lipid droplets in the hypha of filamentous fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. THG microscopy images showed bright spherical features dispersed throughout the hypha cytoplasm in control conditions and a transient increase in the number of bright features after complete nitrogen starvation. Colocalization analysis of THG and lipid-counterstained images disclosed that the cytoplasmic particles were lipid droplets. Particle Size Analysis and Image Correlation Spectroscopy were used to quantify the number density and size of lipid droplets. The two analysis methods both revealed an increase from 16 × 10-3 to 23 × 10-3 lipid droplets/µm2 after nitrogen starvation and a decrease in the average size of the droplets (range: 0.5-0.8 µm diameter). In conclusion, THG imaging, followed by PSA and ICS, can be reliably used for filamentous fungi for the in vivo quantification of lipid droplets without the need for labeling and/or fixation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that ICS is suitable for THG microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Pajić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia
| | - Nataša V. Todorović
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Miroslav Živić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia
| | - Stanko N. Nikolić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - Mihailo D. Rabasović
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - Andrew H. A. Clayton
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Department of Physics and Astronomy, Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Aleksandar J. Krmpot
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
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Shen CH, Jin L, Fu KY, Guo WC, Li GQ. RNA interference targeting Ras GTPase gene Ran causes larval and adult lethality in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3849-3858. [PMID: 35104039 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) is a breakthrough technology in pest control. It is highly efficient to Coleopteran pests such as the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a serious pest defoliator mainly attacking potatoes worldwide. The first step for effective pest control by RNAi is the development of effective and reliable target genes. RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous ingestion of dsLdRan for 3 days successfully silenced the target gene, inhibited larval growth and killed 100% L. decemlineata larvae. When the bioassay began at the second-, third/fourth-instar larval stages, the larval lethality mainly occurred at the fourth larval instar and prepupal stages, respectively. Importantly, consumption of dsLdRan for 3 days by the newly-emerged males and females effectively knocked down the target transcript, reduced fresh weights and caused 100% of lethality within a week. The LdRan females possessed underdeveloped ovaries. CONCLUSION Considering that the larvae, adults and eggs are simultaneously sited on the potato plants, bacterially-expressed dsLdRan is a potential RNAi-based strategy for managing L. decemlineata in the potato field. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Shen
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China North-western Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Institute of Microbiological Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Stoiber P, Scribani Rossi P, Pokharel N, Germany JL, York EA, Schaus SE, Hansen U. Factor quinolinone inhibitors alter cell morphology and motility by destabilizing interphase microtubules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23564. [PMID: 34876605 PMCID: PMC8651680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor quinolinone inhibitors are promising anti-cancer compounds, initially characterized as specific inhibitors of the oncogenic transcription factor LSF (TFCP2). These compounds exert anti-proliferative activity at least in part by disrupting mitotic spindles. Herein, we report additional interphase consequences of the initial lead compound, FQI1, in two telomerase immortalized cell lines. Within minutes of FQI1 addition, the microtubule network is disrupted, resulting in a substantial, although not complete, depletion of microtubules as evidenced both by microtubule sedimentation assays and microscopy. Surprisingly, this microtubule breakdown is quickly followed by an increase in tubulin acetylation in the remaining microtubules. The sudden breakdown and partial depolymerization of the microtubule network precedes FQI1-induced morphological changes. These involve rapid reduction of cell spreading of interphase fetal hepatocytes and increase in circularity of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Microtubule depolymerization gives rise to FH-B cell compaction, as pretreatment with taxol prevents this morphological change. Finally, FQI1 decreases the rate and range of locomotion of interphase cells, supporting an impact of FQI1-induced microtubule breakdown on cell motility. Taken together, our results show that FQI1 interferes with microtubule-associated functions in interphase, specifically cell morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stoiber
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558MCBB Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.7841.aPresent Address: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Niranjana Pokharel
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jean-Luc Germany
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Emily A. York
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Scott E. Schaus
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Ulla Hansen
- MCBB Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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12
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zhao X, Zhang T, Liu W, Zhang J. A ras-related nuclear protein Ran participates in the 20E signaling pathway and is essential for the growth and development of Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104945. [PMID: 34446211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, which plays a key role in the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of LmRan gene was obtained, which consists of 648-nucleotides open reading frame (ORF) and encodes 215 amino acids. RT-qPCR results revealed that LmRan was expressed in all developmental days and tissues investigated. Injection of dsLmRan into 4th and 5th instar nymphs, resulted in a significant down-regulation of LmRan transcripts, respectively. All dsLmRan-injected nymphs died before molting. Further hematoxylin and eosin staining of the integument showed that there was no apolysis occurred after silencing LmRan. In addition, the weight of dsLmRan-injected nymphs was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the gastric caecum and midgut was severely smaller. Especiallly, the mRNA level of LmCYP302a1, LmCYP315a1 and LmCYP314a1 responsible for 20E synthesis, LmE75 and LmE74 genes involved in the 20E signaling pathway, LmGfat, LmUAP1 and LmCHT10 genes involved in chitin metabolism pathway were dramatically decreased in the dsLmRan-injected nymphs. Together, the results indicated that LmRan participate in the 20E signaling pathway, which is essential for the growth and development of locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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13
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Saharkhiz M, Ayadilord M, Emadian Razavi F, Naseri M. Effects of phytosomal curcumin treatment on modulation of immunomodulatory and pulp regeneration genes in dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Odontology 2021; 110:287-295. [PMID: 34586536 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a new population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in the oral cavity with potential capacities for tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. The purpose from this study was to determine effects of curcumin nanoparticle into phytosomal formulation (PC) on the relative expression of DSPP, VEGF-A, HLA-G5, VCAM1, RelA and STAT3 genes which are among the most important factors influencing processes of immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative by DPSCs. After isolation and culture of DPSCs, these cells were characterized according to predetermined criteria including flow cytometric analysis for detection of the most important cell surface markers and also evaluation of multilineage differentiation potential. Then, the MTT method was employed to check the cell viability in treatment with different concentrations of PC. Following DPSCs' treatment with an optimal-non-toxic dose of this nanoparticle, quantification of expression of target genes was performed using real-time PCR procedure. According to results of immunophenotyping analysis and cell differentiation experiments, the isolated cells were confirmed as MSCs as more than 99% of them expressed specific mesenchymal markers while only about 0.5% of them were positive for hematopoietic marker. The real-time PCR results indicated that PC significantly reduced the expression of RelA, STAT3, VCAM1 and HLA-G5 genes up to many times over while optimally enhanced the expression of DSPP and VEGF-A genes, although this enhance was statistically significant only for VEGF-A (all P < 0.001). The study suggests that PC affects the stemness capabilities of DPSCs and it may facilitate the development of MSCs-based therapeutics in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Malaksima Ayadilord
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariba Emadian Razavi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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14
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Ge M, Zhang T, Zhang M, Cheng L. Ran participates in deltamethrin stress through regulating the nuclear import of Nrf2. Gene 2020; 769:145213. [PMID: 33069802 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ran has a variety of biological functions, one of the most prominent of which is to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. In our previous study, it was suggested that Ran is involved in the deltamethrin (DM) stress. In addition, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway was also confirmed to be associated with DM stress. We report here that under DM stress, interfering Ran or nuclear transport factor Ntf2 by RNAi could suppress the nuclear import of nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 which then down-regulates the expressions of detoxification enzyme genes (Cyp4d20, Cyp4ae1, GstD5, Sod3, etc.), ultimately resulting in a significant apoptosis of Drosophila Kc cells. In contrast, after overexpressing Ran in Kc cells, Nrf2 has a higher concentration in the nucleus, and the expressions of detoxification enzyme genes are up-regulated, while the DM-induced apoptosis is significantly lower than that of the control group. Additionally, we preliminary found silencing Ntf2 or Ran could prevent the nuclear import of transcription factor Dif under DM stress, subsequently decreased expressions of antimicrobial peptide genes (Drsl1). In summary, our data mainly indicates that Ran may participate in DM stress through regulating the nuclear import of Nrf2, which could help to study the mechanism of deltamethrin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Luogen Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Jiang M, Chu Z. Comparative analysis of plant MKK gene family reveals novel expansion mechanism of the members and sheds new light on functional conservation. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:407. [PMID: 29843611 PMCID: PMC5975520 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play critical functions in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, which regulates many physiological and biochemical processes. As a middle nodal point of the MAPK cascades, although evolutionary analysis of MKK from individual plant families had some reports, their evolutionary history in entire plants is still not clear. Results To better understand the evolution and function of plant MKKs, we performed systematical molecular evolutionary analysis of the MAPKK gene family and also surveyed their gene organizations, sequence features and expression patterns in different subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that plant MAPKK fall into five different groups (Group A–E). Majority orthology groups seemed to be a single or low-copy genes in all plant species analyzed in Group B, C and D, whereas group A MKKs undergo several duplication events, generating multiple gene copies. Further analysis showed that these duplication events were on account of whole genome duplications (WGDs) in plants and the duplicate genes maybe have undergone functional divergence. We also found that group E MKKs had mutation with one change of serine or theronine might lead to inactivity originated through the ancient tandem duplicates in monocots. Moreover, we also identified MKK3 integrated NTF2 domain that might have gradually lost the cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking activity, which suggests that they may involve with the gene function more and more sophistication in the evolutionary process. Moreover, expression analyses indicated that plant MKK genes play probable roles in UV-B signaling. Conclusion In general, ancient gene and genome duplications are significantly conducive to the expansion of the plant MKK gene family. Our study reveals two distinct evolutionary patterns for plant MKK proteins and sheds new light on the functional evolution of this gene family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4793-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqing Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wang W, Li K, Wan P, Lai F, Fu Q, Zhu T. Ras-like family small GTPases genes in Nilaparvata lugens: Identification, phylogenetic analysis, gene expression and function in nymphal development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172701. [PMID: 28241066 PMCID: PMC5328259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine cDNAs encoding Ras-like family small GTPases (RSGs) were cloned and sequenced from Nilaparvata lugens. Twenty-eight proteins are described here: 3 from Rho, 2 from Ras, 9 from Arf and 14 from Rabs. These RSGs from N.lugens have five conserved G-loop motifs and displayed a higher degree of sequence conservation with orthologues from insects. RT-qPCR analysis revealed NlRSGs expressed at all life stages and the highest expression was observed in hemolymph, gut or wing for most of NlRSGs. RNAi demonstrated that eighteen NlRSGs play a crucial role in nymphal development. Nymphs with silenced NlRSGs failed to molt, eclosion or development arrest. The qRT-PCR analysis verified the correlation between mortality and the down-regulation of the target genes. The expression level of nuclear receptors, Kr-h1, Hr3, FTZ-F1 and E93 involved in 20E and JH signal pathway was impacted in nymphs with silenced twelve NlRSGs individually. The expression of two halloween genes, Cyp314a1 and Cyp315a1 involved in ecdysone synthesis, decreased in nymphs with silenced NlSar1 or NlArf1. Cyp307a1 increased in nymphs with silenced NlArf6. In N.lugens with silenced NlSRβ, NlSar1 and NlRab2 at 9th day individually, 0.0% eclosion rate and almost 100.0% mortality was demonstrated. Further analysis showed NlSRβ could be served as a candidate target for dsRNA-based pesticides for N.lugens control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinjun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QF); (THZ)
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (QF); (THZ)
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17
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Samudram A, Mangalassery BM, Kowshik M, Patincharath N, Varier GK. Passive permeability and effective pore size of HeLa cell nuclear membranes. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:991-8. [PMID: 27338984 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear membrane act as the sole gateway of transport of molecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and vice versa. Studies on biomolecular transport through nuclear membranes provide vital data on the nuclear pore complexes. In this work, we use fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran molecules as a model system and study the passive nuclear import of biomolecules through nuclear pore complexes in digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells. Experiments are carried out under transient conditions in the time lapse imaging scheme using an in-house constructed confocal laser scanning microscope. Transport rates of dextran molecules having molecular weights of 4-70 kDa corresponding to Stokes radius of 1.4-6 nm are determined. Analyzing the permeability of the nuclear membrane for different sizes the effective pore radius of HeLa cell nuclear membrane is determined to be 5.3 nm, much larger than the value reported earlier using proteins as probe molecules. The range of values reported for the nuclear pore radius suggest that they may not be rigid structures and it is quite probable that the effective pore size of nuclear pore complexes is critically dependent on the probe molecules and on the environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkarthick Samudram
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, 403 726, Goa, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, 403 726, Goa, India
| | - Bijeesh M Mangalassery
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, 403 726, Goa, India
| | - Meenal Kowshik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, 403 726, Goa, India
| | - Nandakumar Patincharath
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, 403 726, Goa, India
| | - Geetha K Varier
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, 403 726, Goa, India
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18
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Khojasteh A, Nazeman P, Rad MR. Dental Stem Cells in Oral, Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Ran Involved in the Development and Reproduction Is a Potential Target for RNA-Interference-Based Pest Management in Nilaparvata lugens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142142. [PMID: 26554926 PMCID: PMC4640576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran (RanGTPase) in insects participates in the 20-hydroxyecdysone signal transduction pathway in which downstream genes, FTZ-F1, Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and vitellogenin, are involved. A putative Ran gene (NlRan) was cloned from Nilaparvata lugens, a destructive phloem-feeding pest of rice. NlRan has the typical Ran primary structure features that are conserved in insects. NlRan showed higher mRNA abundance immediately after molting and peaked in newly emerged female adults. Among the examined tissues ovary had the highest transcript level, followed by fat body, midgut and integument, and legs. Three days after dsNlRan injection the NlRan mRNA abundance in the third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs was decreased by 94.3%, 98.4% and 97.0%, respectively. NlFTZ-F1 expression levels in treated third- and fourth-instar nymphs were reduced by 89.3% and 23.8%, respectively. In contrast, NlKr-h1 mRNA levels were up-regulated by 67.5 and 1.5 folds, respectively. NlRan knockdown significantly decreased the body weights, delayed development, and killed >85% of the nymphs at day seven. Two apparent phenotypic defects were observed: (1) Extended body form, and failed to molt; (2) The cuticle at the notum was split open but cannot completely shed off. The newly emerged female adults from dsNlRan injected fifth-instar nymphs showed lower levels of NlRan and vitellogenin, lower weight gain and honeydew excretion comparing with the blank control, and no offspring. Those results suggest that NlRan encodes a functional protein that was involved in development and reproduction. The study established proof of concept that NlRan could serve as a target for dsRNA-based pesticides for N. lugens control.
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Li J, Li X, Chen Y, Yang Z, Guo S. Solexa sequencing based transcriptome analysis of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:11051-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Zhu JQ, Liu S, Ma Y, Zhang JQ, Qi HS, Wei ZJ, Yao Q, Zhang WQ, Li S. Improvement of pest resistance in transgenic tobacco plants expressing dsRNA of an insect-associated gene EcR. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38572. [PMID: 22685585 PMCID: PMC3369839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoption of pest-resistant transgenic plants to reduce yield loss and pesticide utilization has been successful in the past three decades. Recently, transgenic plant expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting pest genes emerges as a promising strategy for improving pest resistance in crops. The steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), predominately controls insect molting via its nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP. Here we report that pest resistance is improved in transgenic tobacco plants expressing dsRNA of EcR from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, a serious lepidopteran pest for a variety of crops. When H. armigera larvae were fed with the whole transgenic tobacco plants expressing EcR dsRNA, resistance to H. armigera was significantly improved in transgenic plants. Meanwhile, when H. armigera larvae were fed with leaves of transgenic tobacco plants expressing EcR dsRNA, its EcR mRNA level was dramatically decreased causing molting defects and larval lethality. In addition, the transgenic tobacco plants expressing H. armigera EcR dsRNA were also resistant to another lepidopteran pest, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, due to the high similarity in the nucleotide sequences of their EcR genes. This study provides additional evidence that transgenic plant expressing dsRNA targeting insect-associated genes is able to improve pest resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Park RS. Effect of Oxygen Concentration, Physical Trauma on Proliferation of Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.4.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Zheng W, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Morphology and ultrastructure of the hindgut fermentation chamber of a melolonthine beetle Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) during larval development. Micron 2011; 43:638-42. [PMID: 22217981 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The morphology and ultrastructure of the hindgut fermentation chamber of a melolonthine beetle, Holotrichia parallela, were examined using light and electron microscopy. The results showed that the anterior portion of the hindgut expanded into a characteristic lobe-like structure described as a fermentation chamber. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the wall of the fermentation chamber was composed of three main layers: the longitudinal muscle layer, the circular muscle layer, and the columnar epithelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ultrastructure of the inner surface of the fermentation chamber was subjected to significant changes during larval development. Only some folds and a few cocci attached to the folds were found in the first-instar larvae. In the fermentation chambers of the second-instar larvae, a cuticular intima began to emerge, and the bacteria multiplied to form bacterial groups attached to the intima. A special lobe-like structure was formed in the third-instar larvae, constituted by bacteria and the bacteria-covered cuticular intima. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the lobe-like structure held large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. These data suggest that the hindgut fermentation chamber may have an important role in the symbiotic relationship between microbes and their insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, and Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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