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Liu X, Li Y, Gao Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. RNA interference-mediated silencing of coat protein II (COPII) genes affects the gut homeostasis and cuticle development in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131137. [PMID: 38537854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The coat protein II (COPII) complex consists of five primary soluble proteins, namely the small GTP-binding protein Sar1, the inner coat Sec23/Sec24 heterodimers, and the outer coat Sec13/Sec31 heterotetramers. COPII is essential for cellular protein and lipid trafficking through cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the roles of COPII assembly genes remain unknown in insects. In present study, we identified five COPII assembly genes (LmSar1, LmSec23, LmSec24, LmSec13 and LmSec31) in Locusta migratoria. RT-qPCR results revealed that these genes showed different expression patterns in multiple tissues and developmental days of fifth-instar nymphs. Injection of double-stranded RNA against each LmCOPII gene induced a high RNAi efficiency, and considerably suppressed feeding, and increased mortality to 100 %. Results from the micro-sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining of midguts showed that the brush border was severely damaged and the number of columnar cells was significantly reduced in dsLmCOPII-injected nymphs, as compared with the control. The dilated endoplasmic reticulum phenotype of columnar cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR results further indicated that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly repressed the expression of genes involved in insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Therefore, COPII assembly genes could be promising RNAi targets for insect pest management by disrupting gut and cuticle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Che YH, Choi IY, Song CE, Park C, Lim SK, Kim JH, Sung SH, Park JH, Lee S, Kim YJ. Peripheral Neuron-Organoid Interaction Induces Colonic Epithelial Differentiation via Non-Synaptic Substance P Secretion. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:269-280. [PMID: 37385635 PMCID: PMC10465334 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The colonic epithelial layer is a complex structure consisting of multiple cell types that regulate various aspects of colonic physiology, yet the mechanisms underlying epithelial cell differentiation during development remain unclear. Organoids have emerged as a promising model for investigating organogenesis, but achieving organ-like cell configurations within colonic organoids is challenging. Here, we investigated the biological significance of peripheral neurons in the formation of colonic organoids. Methods and Results Colonic organoids were co-cultured with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived peripheral neurons, resulting in the morphological maturation of columnar epithelial cells, as well as the presence of enterochromaffin cells. Substance P released from immature peripheral neurons played a critical role in the development of colonic epithelial cells. These findings highlight the vital role of inter-organ interactions in organoid development and provide insights into colonic epithelial cell differentiation mechanisms. Conclusions Our results suggest that the peripheral nervous system may have a significant role in the development of colonic epithelial cells, which could have important implications for future studies of organogenesis and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Che
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Eui Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chulsoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Haeng Sung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zhao X, Zhang T, Liu W, Zhang J. A ras-related nuclear protein Ran participates in the 20E signaling pathway and is essential for the growth and development of Locusta migratoria. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 178:104945. [PMID: 34446211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, which plays a key role in the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of LmRan gene was obtained, which consists of 648-nucleotides open reading frame (ORF) and encodes 215 amino acids. RT-qPCR results revealed that LmRan was expressed in all developmental days and tissues investigated. Injection of dsLmRan into 4th and 5th instar nymphs, resulted in a significant down-regulation of LmRan transcripts, respectively. All dsLmRan-injected nymphs died before molting. Further hematoxylin and eosin staining of the integument showed that there was no apolysis occurred after silencing LmRan. In addition, the weight of dsLmRan-injected nymphs was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the gastric caecum and midgut was severely smaller. Especiallly, the mRNA level of LmCYP302a1, LmCYP315a1 and LmCYP314a1 responsible for 20E synthesis, LmE75 and LmE74 genes involved in the 20E signaling pathway, LmGfat, LmUAP1 and LmCHT10 genes involved in chitin metabolism pathway were dramatically decreased in the dsLmRan-injected nymphs. Together, the results indicated that LmRan participate in the 20E signaling pathway, which is essential for the growth and development of locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Arshad MA, Hassan FU, Rehman MS, Huws SA, Cheng Y, Din AU. Gut microbiome colonization and development in neonatal ruminants: Strategies, prospects, and opportunities. Anim Nutr 2021; 7:883-895. [PMID: 34632119 PMCID: PMC8484983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices greatly influence the gut microbiota, subsequently leading to changes in nutrient utilization and immune response. A favorable microbiome can be implanted through dietary or management interventions of livestock animals, especially during early life. In this review, we explore all the possible factors (for example gestation, colostrum, and milk feeding, drinking water, starter feed, inoculation from healthy animals, prebiotics/probiotics, weaning time, essential oil and transgenesis), which can influence rumen microbiome colonization and development. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies used to manipulate gut development and microbial colonization to improve the production and health of newborn calves at an early age when they are most susceptible to enteric disease. Moreover, we provide insights into possible interventions and their potential effects on rumen development and microbiota establishment. Prospects of latest techniques like transgenesis and host genetics have also been discussed regarding their potential role in modulation of rumen microbiome and subsequent effects on gut development and performance in neonatal ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Muhammad S Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sharon A Huws
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, GB-NIR, UK
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ahmad U Din
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Jahnes BC, Poudel K, Staats AM, Sabree ZL. Microbial colonization promotes model cockroach gut tissue growth and development. J Insect Physiol 2021; 133:104274. [PMID: 34216600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive tissues are essential for diet processing and nutrient accessibility, especially in omnivores, and these functions occur despite and in collaboration with dynamic microbial communities that reside within and upon these tissues. Prolonged host development and reduced digestive tissue sizes have been observed in germ-free animals, and normal host phenotypes were recovered following the re-introduction of typical gut microbiomes via coprophagy. RESULTS High-resolution histological analyses of Periplaneta americana cockroach digestive tissues revealed that total prevention of microbial colonization of the gut had severe impacts on the growth and development of gut tissues, especially the posterior midgut and anterior hindgut subcompartments that are expected to be colonized and inhabited by the greatest number of bacteria. Juveniles that were briefly exposed to normal gut microbiota exhibited a partial gut morphological recovery, suggesting that a single inoculation was insufficient. These data highlight gut microbiota as integral to normal growth and development of tissues they are in direct contact with and, more broadly, the organism in which they reside. CONCLUSIONS We draw on these data, host life history traits (i.e. multigenerational cohousing, molting, and filial coprophagy and exuvia feeding), and previous studies to suggest a host developmental model in which gut tissues reflect a conflict-collaboration dynamic where 1) nutrient-absorptive anterior midgut tissues are in competition with transient and resident bacteria for easily assimilable dietary nutrients and whose growth is least-affected by the presence of gut bacteria and 2) posterior midgut, anterior hindgut, and to a lesser degree, posterior hindgut tissues are significantly impacted by gut bacterial presence because they are occupied by the greatest number of bacteria and the host is relying upon, and thus collaborating with, them to assist with complex polysaccharide catabolism processing and nutrient provisioning (i.e. short-chain fatty acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Jahnes
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keyshap Poudel
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amelia M Staats
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zakee L Sabree
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Schrankel CS, Hamdoun A. Early patterning of ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG transporters establishes unique territories of small molecule transport in embryonic mesoderm and endoderm. Dev Biol 2021; 472:115-124. [PMID: 33460641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Directed intercellular movement of diverse small molecules, including metabolites, signal molecules and xenobiotics, is a key feature of multicellularity. Networks of small molecule transporters (SMTs), including several ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, are central to this process. While small molecule transporters are well described in differentiated organs, little is known about their patterns of expression in early embryogenesis. Here we report the pattern of ABC-type SMT expression and activity during the early development of sea urchins. Of the six major ABCs in this embryo (ABCB1, -B4, -C1, -C4, -C5 and -G2), three expression patterns were observed: 1) ABCB1 and ABCC1 are first expressed ubiquitously, and then become enriched in endoderm and ectoderm-derived structures. 2) ABCC4 and ABCC5 are restricted to a ring of mesoderm in the blastula and ABCC4 is later expressed in the coelomic pouches, the embryonic niche of the primordial germ cells. 3) ABCB4 and ABCG2 are expressed exclusively in endoderm-fated cells. Assays with fluorescent substrates and inhibitors of transporters revealed a ring of ABCC4 efflux activity emanating from ABCC4+ mesodermal cells. Similarly, ABCB1 and ABCB4 efflux activity was observed in the developing gut, prior to the onset of feeding. This study reveals the early establishment of unique territories of small molecule transport during embryogenesis. A pattern of ABCC4/C5 expression is consistent with signaling functions during gut invagination and germ line development, while a later pattern of ABCB1/B4 and ABCG2 is consistent with roles in the embryonic gut. This work provides a conceptual framework with which to examine the function and evolution of SMT networks and to define the specific developmental pathways that drive the expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Schrankel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA.
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Medina-Córdova N, Tovar-Ramírez D, Angulo C. Probiotic and nutritional effects of Debaryomyces hansenii on animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7689-7699. [PMID: 32686006 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii comes of age as a new potential probiotic for terrestrial and aquatic animals. Probiotic properties, including inmunostimulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, and digestive function improvements have been related to the oral delivery of D. hansenii. Its functional compounds, such as cell wall components and polyamines, have been identified and implicated in its immunomodulatory activity. In addition, in vitro studies using immune cells have shown standpoints on the possible recognition, regulation, and effector immune mechanisms stimulated by this yeast. This review describes historic, cutting-edge research findings, implications, and perspectives on the use of D. hansenii as a promising probiotic for animals. KEY POINTS: • Debaryomyces hansenii has probiotic effects in terrestrial and aquatic animals. • Nutritional effects could be associated to probiotic D. hansenii strains. • β-D-Glucan and polyamines from D. hansenii are associated to probiotic properties. • Adoption by the industry is expected in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Noe Medina-Córdova
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Todos Santos, Agricultura s/n entre México y Durango, Emiliano Zapata, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P: 23070, Mexico
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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Sabour S, Tabeidian SA, Sadeghi G. Dietary organic acid and fiber sources affect performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses and gut microflora in broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:156-162. [PMID: 31193926 PMCID: PMC6544572 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of a dietary organic acid (OA) mixture and 2 fiber sources on performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses and gut microflora in broilers. A total of 390 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to 6 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens and 13 chicks each based on a factorial arrangement (2 × 3) in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted 42 d. The following experimental diets and as well as their interaction were considered: a basal diet supplemented with or without OA (0 or 1 g/kg) and 2 fiber sources (sugar beet pulp [soluble fiber] or rice hull [insoluble fiber]; 0 or 30 g/kg). Dietary supplementation of OA increased daily weight gains of broilers across the entire rearing period (P < 0.05). The dietary fibrous materials did not affect the performance of broilers. Antibody titer against influenza disease virus was higher in birds fed diets containing rice hull compared with other experimental groups (P < 0.05). The population of Lactobacillus bacteria was greater in birds fed OA-added diets without or with 30 g/kg rice hull supplementation compared with other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplemental OA improved performance of broilers, and dietary supplemental OA with rice hull enhanced humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Sabour
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 81595-158, Iran
| | - Sayed A Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 81595-158, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
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Žídek R, Machoň O, Kozmik Z. Wnt/β-catenin signalling is necessary for gut differentiation in a marine annelid, Platynereis dumerilii. EvoDevo 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29942461 PMCID: PMC5996498 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt/β-catenin (or canonical) signalling pathway activity is necessary and used independently several times for specification of vegetal fate and endoderm, gut differentiation, maintenance of epithelium in adult intestine and the development of gut-derived organs in various vertebrate and non-vertebrate organisms. However, its conservation in later stages of digestive tract development still remains questionable due to the lack of detailed data, mainly from Spiralia. Results Here we characterize the Pdu-Tcf gene, a Tcf/LEF orthologue and a component of Wnt/β-catenin pathway from Platynereis dumerilii, a spiralian, marine annelid worm. Pdu-Tcf undergoes extensive alternative splicing in the C-terminal region of the gene generating as many as eight mRNA isoforms some of which differ in the presence or absence of a C-clamp domain which suggests a distinct DNA binding activity of individual protein variants. Pdu-Tcf is broadly expressed throughout development which is indicative of many functions. One of the most prominent domains that exhibits rather strong Pdu-Tcf expression is in the putative precursors of endodermal gut cells which are detected after 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). At day 5 post-fertilization (dpf), Pdu-Tcf is expressed in the hindgut and pharynx (foregut), whereas at 7 dpf stage, it is strongly transcribed in the now-cellularized midgut for the first time. In order to gain insight into the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, we disrupted its activity using pharmacological inhibitors between day 5 and 7 of development. The inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling led to the loss of midgut marker genes Subtilisin-1, Subtilisin-2, α-Amylase and Otx along with a drop in β-catenin protein levels, Axin expression in the gut and nearly the complete loss of proliferative activity throughout the body of larva. At the same time, a hindgut marker gene Legumain was expanded to the midgut compartment under the same conditions. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the midgut might be necessary for proper differentiation of the endoderm to an epithelium capable of secreting digestive enzymes. Together, our data provide evidence for the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in gut differentiation in Platynereis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Žídek
- 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Machoň
- 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,2Present Address: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Kozmik
- 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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10
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Song AT, Galli A, Leclerc S, Nattel S, Mandato C, Andelfinger G. Characterization of Sgo1 expression in developing and adult mouse. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 25-26:36-45. [PMID: 28465207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SGO1 has been characterized in its function in correct cell division and its role in centrosome cohesion in the nucleus. However, its organ-specific maturation-related expression pattern in vivo remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show clear SGO1 expression in post-developmental neuronal cells and cytoplasmic localisation in nucleated cells with a transgenic mice model and immunohistochemistry of wild type mice. We demonstrate extranuclear expression of Sgo1 in the developing heart and gut, which have been shown to be dysregulated in humans with homozygous SGO1 mutation. Additionally, we show Sgo1 expression in select population of retinal cells in developing and post-developmental retina. Our expression analysis strongly suggests that the function of SGO1 goes beyond its well characterized role in cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Song
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Severine Leclerc
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Craig Mandato
- McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Nagy N, Goldstein AM. Enteric nervous system development: A crest cell's journey from neural tube to colon. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:94-106. [PMID: 28087321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is comprised of a network of neurons and glial cells that are responsible for coordinating many aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) function. These cells arise from the neural crest, migrate to the gut, and then continue their journey to colonize the entire length of the GI tract. Our understanding of the molecular and cellular events that regulate these processes has advanced significantly over the past several decades, in large part facilitated by the use of rodents, avians, and zebrafish as model systems to dissect the signals and pathways involved. These studies have highlighted the highly dynamic nature of ENS development and the importance of carefully balancing migration, proliferation, and differentiation of enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs). Proliferation, in particular, is critically important as it drives cell density and speed of migration, both of which are important for ensuring complete colonization of the gut. However, proliferation must be tempered by differentiation among cells that have reached their final destination and are ready to send axonal extensions, connect to effector cells, and begin to produce neurotransmitters or other signals. Abnormalities in the normal processes guiding ENCC development can lead to failure of ENS formation, as occurs in Hirschsprung disease, in which the distal intestine remains aganglionic. This review summarizes our current understanding of the factors involved in early development of the ENS and discusses areas in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Nagy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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12
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Steegenga WT, Mischke M, Lute C, Boekschoten MV, Lendvai A, Pruis MGM, Verkade HJ, van de Heijning BJM, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Plösch T, Müller M, Hooiveld GJEJ. Maternal exposure to a Western-style diet causes differences in intestinal microbiota composition and gene expression of suckling mouse pups. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27129739 PMCID: PMC5215441 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scope The long‐lasting consequences of nutritional programming during the early phase of life have become increasingly evident. The effects of maternal nutrition on the developing intestine are still underexplored. Methods and results In this study, we observed (1) altered microbiota composition of the colonic luminal content, and (2) differential gene expression in the intestinal wall in 2‐week‐old mouse pups born from dams exposed to a Western‐style (WS) diet during the perinatal period. A sexually dimorphic effect was found for the differentially expressed genes in the offspring of WS diet‐exposed dams but no differences between male and female pups were found for the microbiota composition. Integrative analysis of the microbiota and gene expression data revealed that the maternal WS diet independently affected gene expression and microbiota composition. However, the abundance of bacterial families not affected by the WS diet (Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) correlated with the expression of genes playing a key role in intestinal development and functioning (e.g. Pitx2 and Ace2). Conclusion Our data reveal that maternal consumption of a WS diet during the perinatal period alters both gene expression and microbiota composition in the intestinal tract of 2‐week‐old offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma T Steegenga
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mona Mischke
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Lute
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Lendvai
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurien G M Pruis
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Olnood CG, Beski SS, Choct M, Iji PA. Novel probiotics: Their effects on growth performance, gut development, microbial community and activity of broiler chickens. Anim Nutr 2015; 1:184-191. [PMID: 29767136 PMCID: PMC5945945 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 294 one-day-old Cobb broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of four Lactobacillus strains on gut microbial profile and production performance. The six dietary treatments, each with 7 replicates were: 1) basal diet (negative control), 2) one of four strains of Lactobacillus (tentatively identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus salivarius and an unidentified Lactobacillus sp.) and 3) basal diet with added zinc-bacitracin (ZnB, 50 mg/kg). Results showed that the addition of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. to the feed did not significantly improve weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) of broiler chickens raised in cages during the 6-week experimental period, but tended to increase the number of total anaerobic bacteria in the ileum and caeca, and the number of lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli in the caeca; and to significantly increase the small intestinal weight (jejunum and ileum). Furthermore, all 4 probiotics tended to reduce the number of Enterobacteria in the ileum, compared with the control treatments. The probiotics did not affect the pH and the concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid in both the ileum and caeca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen G. Olnood
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale 2351, Australia
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Company, Zhongmu Research Centre, Beijing 100095, China
| | | | - Mingan Choct
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale 2351, Australia
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, Armidale 2351, Australia
| | - Paul A. Iji
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale 2351, Australia
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Potockova H, Sinkorova J, Karova K, Sinkora M. The distribution of lymphoid cells in the small intestine of germ-free and conventional piglets. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 51:99-107. [PMID: 25743381 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine ileum is populated with a high proportion of B cells but previous studies have shown that they are not developed there. While B cells prevail in the ileum even in germ-free animals, microbial colonization is a major factor that causes even a greater prevalence of B cells in the ileum and further differential representation of lymphoid cells throughout small intestine. Analysis of lymphoid subpopulations showed that the effector cells appear only after colonization. These include class-switched IgM(+)IgA(+) B cells, primed CD2(-)CD21(+) B cells, antibody-producing/memory CD2(+)CD21(-) B cells, and effector/memory CD4(+)CD8(+) αβ Th cells. While colonization resulted in a uniform distribution of effector cells throughout the gut, it caused a decrease in the frequency of cytotoxic αβ and CD2(+)CD8(+) γδ T cells. These results suggest that the ileum is a site where naive B cells expand presumably to increase antibody repertoire but the entire small intestine is immunofunctionally comparable.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Bacteria/immunology
- Germ-Free Life/immunology
- Ileum/immunology
- Ileum/microbiology
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Microbiota/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Sus scrofa/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Potockova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sinkorova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Karova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic.
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