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Bauer A, Boehme C, Mayer-Suess L, Rudzki D, Knoflach M, Kiechl S, Reindl M. Peripheral inflammatory response in people after acute ischaemic stroke and isolated spontaneous cervical artery dissection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12063. [PMID: 38802464 PMCID: PMC11130263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response following acute ischaemic stroke remains incompletely understood. We characterised the circulating inflammatory profile in 173 acute ischaemic stroke patients by measuring 65 cytokines and chemokines in plasma. Participants were grouped based on their inflammatory response, determined by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in the acute phase. We compared stroke patients' profiles with 42 people experiencing spontaneous cervical artery dissection without stroke. Furthermore, variations in cytokine levels among stroke aetiologies were analysed. Follow-up samples were collected in a subgroup of ischaemic stroke patients at three and twelve months. Ischaemic stroke patients had elevated plasma levels of HGF and SDF-1α, and lower IL-4 levels, compared to spontaneous cervical artery dissection patients without stroke. Aetiology-subgroup analysis revealed reduced levels of nine cytokines/chemokines (HGF, SDF-1α, IL-2R, CD30, TNF-RII, IL-16, MIF, APRIL, SCF), and elevated levels of IL-4 and MIP-1β, in spontaneous cervical artery dissection (with or without ischaemic stroke as levels were comparable between both groups) compared to other aetiologies. The majority of cytokine/chemokine levels remained stable across the study period. Our research indicates that stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and small vessel occlusion triggers a stronger inflammatory response than spontaneous cervical artery dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bauer
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Boehme
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Mayer-Suess
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dagmar Rudzki
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Potashnikova D, Maryukhnich E, Vorobyeva D, Rusakovich G, Komissarov A, Tvorogova A, Gontarenko V, Vasilieva E. Cytokine Profiling of Plasma and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1030. [PMID: 38256102 PMCID: PMC10816498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are sites of chronic inflammation with diverse cell contents and complex immune signaling. Plaque progression and destabilization are driven by the infiltration of immune cells and the cytokines that mediate their interactions. Here, we attempted to compare the systemic cytokine profiles in the blood plasma of patients with atherosclerosis and the local cytokine production, using ex vivo plaque explants from the same patients. The developed method of 41-plex xMAP data normalization allowed us to differentiate twenty-two cytokines produced by the plaque that were not readily detectable in free circulation and six cytokines elevated in blood plasma that may have other sources than atherosclerotic plaque. To verify the xMAP data on the putative atherogenesis-driving chemokines MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), and fractalkine (CX3CL1), qPCR was performed. The MIP1A (CCL3), MIP1B (CCL4), FKN (CX3CL1), and MCP1 (CCL2) genes were expressed at high levels in the plaques, whereas RANTES (CCL5) was almost absent. The expression patterns of the chemokines were restricted to the plaque cell types: the MCP1 (CCL2) gene was predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages, MIP1A (CCL3) in monocytes/macrophages, and MIP1B (CCL4) in monocytes/macrophages and T cells. RANTES (CCL5) was restricted to T cells, while FKN (CX3CL1) was not differentially expressed. Taken together, our data indicate a plaque-specific cytokine production profile that may be a useful tool in atherosclerosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - George Rusakovich
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Alexey Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tvorogova
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Vladimir Gontarenko
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Medical Research Centre of Surgery Named after A.V. Vishnevsky under the RF Public Health Ministry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
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3
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Niu C, Zhang P, Zhang L, Lin D, Lai H, Xiao D, Liu Y, Zhuang R, Li M, Ma L, Ye J, Pan Y. Molecular targets and mechanisms of Guanxinning tablet in treating atherosclerosis: Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35106. [PMID: 37773840 PMCID: PMC10545342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanxinning tablet (GXNT), a Chinese patent medicine, is composed of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and ligusticum striatum DC, which may play the role of endothelial protection through many pathways. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of GXNT against atherosclerosis (AS) through network pharmacology and molecular docking verification. METHODS The active ingredients and their potential targets of GXNT were obtained in traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform and bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine databases. DrugBank, TTD, DisGeNET, OMIM, and GeneCards databases were used to screen the targets of AS. The intersection targets gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis were performed in DAVID database. GXNT-AS protein-protein interaction network, ingredient-target network and herb-target-pathway network were constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, we used AutoDock for molecular docking. RESULTS We screened 65 active ingredients of GXNT and 70 GXNT-AS intersection targets. The key targets of protein-protein interaction network were AKT1, JUN, STAT3, TNF, TP53, IL6, EGFR, MAPK14, RELA, and CASP3. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the main pathways. The ingredient-target network showed that the key ingredients were luteolin, tanshinone IIA, myricanone, dihydrotanshinlactone, dan-shexinkum d, 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione, miltionone I, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, Isotanshinone II and 4-methylenemiltirone. The results of molecular docking showed that tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinlactone, dan-shexinkum d, 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione, miltionone I, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, Isotanshinone II and 4-methylenemiltirone all had good binding interactions with AKT1, EGFR and MAPK14. CONCLUSION The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that the multiple ingredients within GXNT may confer protective effects on the vascular endothelium against AS through multitarget and multichannel mechanisms. AKT1, EGFR and MAPK14 were the core potential targets of GXNT against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dingfeng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhang W, He J, Liu M, Huang M, Chen Q, Dong J, Zhang H, Xie T, Yuan J, Zha L. Genetic Analysis Reveals Different Mechanisms of IL-5 Involved in the Development of CAD in a Chinese Han Population. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1700857. [PMID: 36760349 PMCID: PMC9904894 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors or their interactions. Candidate gene association studies are an important genetic strategy for the study of complex diseases, and multiple variants of inflammatory cytokines have been found to be associated with CAD using this method. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is an important inflammatory immune response factor that plays a role in a various inflammatory disease. Clinical tests and animal experiments indicated that IL-5 is involved in CAD development, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the genetic relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL5 and CAD. Materials and Methods Based on the Chinese Han population, we collected 1,824 patients with CAD and 1,920 control subjects and performed a two-stage case-control association analysis for three SNPs in IL5 (rs2057687, rs78546665, and rs2069812) using the high resolution melt (HRM) technology. Logistic regression analyses were applied to adjust for traditional risk factors for CAD and to perform haplotype and gene interaction analyses. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to study relationships between the selected SNPs and serum lipid levels. Results In this study, two-stage case-control association analysis revealed that the allele and genotype frequency distributions of the three IL5 SNPs were not statistically significant between the case and control groups. In addition, none of the IL5 haplotypes were associated with CAD. Further stratified analyses were conducted by sex, age, hypertension, and disease status, respectively, and the results revealed that the rs2057687 and rs2069812 of IL5 were associated with CAD in the male group (p adj = 0.025, OR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.97); p adj = 0.016, OR, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70-0.97), respectively); the rs2057687 and rs78546665 of IL5 were associated with late-onset CAD (p adj = 0.039, OR, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.62-0.99); p adj = 0.036, OR, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.02-1.53), respectively); the rs2069812 of IL5 was associated with CAD in the hypertension group (p adj = 0.036, OR, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71-0.99)); and none of the SNPs in IL5 were associated with different CAD states (anatomical CAD and clinical CAD). In addition, the association between SNPs and the serum lipid levels indicated that rs78546665 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels (p = 0.012). Finally, SNP-SNP interaction analyses revealed that interactions of rs2057687 and rs2069812 were associated with CAD (p adj = 0.046, OR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.13-4.68)). Conclusion This study suggested that the common variants of IL5 might play a role in CAD by affecting the risk factors for CAD and through SNP-SNP interactions, which provides a new target for specific treatment of CAD patients and a theoretical basis for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingkai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qianwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingfeng Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu F, Liu T. Identification of co-expressed central genes and transcription factors in atherosclerosis-related intracranial aneurysm. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1055456. [PMID: 36937519 PMCID: PMC10017537 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1055456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous clinical studies have shown that atherosclerosis is one of the risk factors for intracranial aneurysms. Calcifications in the intracranial aneurysm walls are frequently correlated with atherosclerosis. However, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis-related intracranial aneurysms remains unclear. This study aims to investigate this mechanism. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download the gene expression profiles for atherosclerosis (GSE100927) and intracranial aneurysms (GSE75436). Following the identification of the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of atherosclerosis and intracranial aneurysm, the network creation of protein interactions, functional annotation, the identification of hub genes, and co-expression analysis were conducted. Thereafter, we predicted the transcription factors (TF) of hub genes and verified their expressions. Results A total of 270 common (62 downregulated and 208 upregulated) DEGs were identified for subsequent analysis. Functional analyses highlighted the significant role of phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways in this disease progression. Eight hub genes were identified and verified, namely, CCR5, FCGR3A, IL10RA, ITGAX, LCP2, PTPRC, TLR2, and TYROBP. Two TFs were also predicted and verified, which were IKZF1 and SPI1. Conclusion Intracranial aneurysms are correlated with atherosclerosis. We identified several hub genes for atherosclerosis-related intracranial aneurysms and explored the underlying pathogenesis. These discoveries may provide new insights for future experiments and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hengfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Hengfang Liu
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhang D, Li X, Jing B, Shi H, Chang S, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Pan Y, Qian G, Zhao G. Identification of pathways and key genes in male late‑stage carotid atherosclerosis using bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:460. [PMID: 35747144 PMCID: PMC9204528 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jing
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Huimei Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Chang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yachun Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Department of Preventive Treatment of Disease, Tianhe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510665, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Qian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Kalinskaya A, Dukhin O, Lebedeva A, Maryukhnich E, Rusakovich G, Vorobyeva D, Shpektor A, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Circulating Cytokines in Myocardial Infarction Are Associated With Coronary Blood Flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837642. [PMID: 35242141 PMCID: PMC8886043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The level of systemic inflammation correlates with the severity of the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been shown that circulating cytokines and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the process of clot formation. The aim of our study was to assess the concentration of various circulating cytokines, endothelial function and blood clotting in AMI patients depending on the blood flow through the infarction-related artery (IRA). Methods We included 75 patients with AMI. 58 presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 17 had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI). A flow-mediated dilation test (FMD test), thrombodynamics and rotational thromboelastometry as well as assessment of 14 serum cytokines using xMAP technology were performed. Findings Non-STEMI-patients were characterized by higher levels of MDC, MIP-1β, TNF-α. Moreover, we observed that patients with impaired blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 0-1) had higher average and initial clot growth rates, earlier onset of spontaneous clots, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-10 compared to patients with preserved blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 2-3). Patients with TIMI 2-3 blood flow had higher level of IP-10. IL-10 correlated with CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, initial clot growth rate and clot lysis time in TIMI 0-1 patients. All these differences were statistically significant. Interpretation We demonstrated that concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines correlate not only with the form of myocardial infarction (STEMI or non-STEMI), but also with the blood flow through the infarct-related artery. Inflammatory response, functional state of endothelium, and clot formation are closely linked with each other. A combination of these parameters affects the patency of the infarct-related artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalinskaya
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Dukhin
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Rusakovich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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Ali F, Khan A, Muhammad SA, Hassan SSU. Quantitative Real-Time Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Peripheral Blood Samples of Hypertension Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020187. [PMID: 35205232 PMCID: PMC8872078 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is considered one of the most important and well-established reasons for cardiovascular abnormalities, strokes, and premature mortality globally. This study was designed to explore possible differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. To identify the DEGs of HTN, we investigated 22 publicly available cDNA Affymetrix datasets using an integrated system-level framework. Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and transcriptional factors were analyzed to reveal biological information. From 50 DEGs, we ranked 7 hypertension-related genes (p-value < 0.05): ADM, ANGPTL4, USP8, EDN, NFIL3, MSR1, and CEBPD. The enriched terms revealed significant functional roles of HIF-1-α transcription; endothelin; GPCR-binding ligand; and signaling pathways of EGF, PIk3, and ARF6. SP1 (66.7%), KLF7 (33.3%), and STAT1 (16.7%) are transcriptional factors associated with the regulatory mechanism. The expression profiles of these DEGs as verified by qPCR showed 3-times higher fold changes (2−ΔΔCt) in ADM, ANGPTL4, USP8, and EDN1 genes compared to control, while CEBPD, MSR1 and NFIL3 were downregulated. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with the pathophysiological development and cardiovascular abnormalities. This study will help to modulate the therapeutic strategies of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Arifullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (S.S.u.H.)
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (S.S.u.H.)
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9
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Emser SV, Schaschl H, Millesi E, Steinborn R. Extension of Mitogenome Enrichment Based on Single Long-Range PCR: mtDNAs and Putative Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides of Five Rodent Hibernators. Front Genet 2021; 12:685806. [PMID: 35027919 PMCID: PMC8749263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriching mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for sequencing entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be achieved by single long-range PCR. This avoids interference from the omnipresent nuclear mtDNA sequences (NUMTs). The approach is currently restricted to the use of samples collected from humans and ray-finned fishes. Here, we extended the use of single long-range PCR by introducing back-to-back oligonucleotides that target a sequence of extraordinary homology across vertebrates. The assay was applied to five hibernating rodents, namely alpine marmot, Arctic and European ground squirrels, and common and garden dormice, four of which have not been fully sequenced before. Analysis of the novel mitogenomes focussed on the prediction of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) providing another level of information encoded by mtDNA. The comparison of MOTS-c, SHLP4 and SHLP6 sequences across vertebrate species identified segments of high homology that argue for future experimentation. In addition, we evaluated four candidate polymorphisms replacing an amino acid in mitochondrially encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system that were reported in relation to cold-adaptation. No obvious pattern was found for the diverse sets of mammalian species that either apply daily or multiday torpor or otherwise cope with cold. In summary, our single long-range PCR assay applying a pair of back-to-back primers that target a consensus sequence motif of Vertebrata has potential to amplify (intact) mitochondrial rings present in templates from a taxonomically diverse range of vertebrates. It could be promising for studying novel mitogenomes, mitotypes of a population and mitochondrial heteroplasmy in a sensitive, straightforward and flexible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Emser
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Shi X, Zhang Y, Han J, Peng W, Fang Z, Qin Y, Xu X, Lin J, Xiao F, Zhao L, Lin Y. Tryptanthrin Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching in Atherosclerosis by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:642-649. [PMID: 33951699 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases involved in the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Tryptanthrin is a natural product with broad biological activities. However, the effect of tryptanthrin on atherosclerotic progression is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of tryptanthrin in AS and explore the potential mechanism. In vitro, primary VSMCs were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) to induce cell dedifferentiation. Treatment with tryptanthrin (5 μM or 10 μM) suppressed the proliferation and recovered the contractility of VSMCs in the presence of PDGF. The contractile proteins (α-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and SM22α) were increased, and the synthetic protein vimentin was decreased by tryptanthrin in PDGF-induced VSMCs. ApoE-/- mice fed with high-fat diet were used as an in vivo model of AS. Similarly, gavage administration of tryptanthrin (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) attenuated VSMC phenotypic changes from a contractile to a synthetic state in aortic tissues of AS mice. The serum lipid level, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and arterial intimal hyperplasia were attenuated by tryptanthrin. Furthermore, tryptanthrin increased the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reversed the inhibitory effect of tryptanthrin on VSMC dedifferentiation in vitro. Thus, we demonstrate that tryptanthrin protects against AS progression through the inhibition of VSMC switching from a contractile to a pathological synthetic phenotype by the activation of AMPK/ACC pathway. It provides novel insights into AS prevention and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cell Plasticity/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Lin
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; and
| | - Fucheng Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; and
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11
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Liao L, Yang Q, Li H, Meng R, Li Y. miR-454-3p prevents ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HAECs by targeting TRPC3. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 33732296 PMCID: PMC7905327 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-cell (EC) apoptosis serves a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has implicated microRNA (miRNA/miR) dysregulation in EC apoptosis. Although the role of miR-454-3p in carcinogenesis has been well documented, its role and underlying mechanism in EC apoptosis remain unclear. In the present study, the results revealed that miR-454-3p expression was substantially downregulated in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) following oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment. miR-454-3p suppression significantly attenuated the viability of HAECs, while miR-454-3p overexpression repressed ox-LDL-induced HAEC apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), a key regulator of atherosclerosis development, was the direct target of miR-454-3p. Furthermore, TRPC3 overexpression abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of miR-454-3p on HAECs. These results revealed a novel role of miR-454-3p in ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Qiaolan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Rongsen Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yuntian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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12
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Li M, Qi L, Li Y, Zhang S, Lin L, Zhou L, Han W, Qu X, Cai J, Ye M, Shi K. Association of Pericardiac Adipose Tissue With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:724859. [PMID: 34552562 PMCID: PMC8451419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.724859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a worldwide health threat. Compelling evidence shows that pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), a brown-like adipose adjacent to the external surface of the pericardium, is associated with CAD. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of PAT in CAD are elusive. This study aims to characterize human PAT and explore its association with CAD. METHODS We acquired samples of PAT from 31 elective cardiac surgery patients (17 CAD patients and 14 controls). The transcriptome characteristics were assessed in 5 CAD patients and 4 controls via RNA-sequencing. Cluster profile R package, String database, Cytoscape were applied to analyze the potential pathways and PPI-network key to DEGS, whereas the hubgenes were predicted via Metascape, Cytohubba, and MCODE. We use Cibersort, ENCORI, and DGIDB to predict immunoinfiltration, mRNA-miRNA target gene network, and search potential drugs targeting key DEGs. The predictable hubgenes and infiltrating inflammatory cells were validated in 22 patients (12 CAD samples and 10 control samples) through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 147 different genes (104 up-regulated genes and 43 down-regulated genes) were identified in CAD patients. These different genes were associated with immunity and inflammatory dysfunction. Cibersort analysis showed monocytes and macrophages were the most common subsets in immune cells, whereas immunohistochemical results revealed there were more macrophages and higher proportion of M1 subtype cells in PAT of CAD patients. The PPI network and module analysis uncovered several crucial genes, defined as candidate genes, including Jun, ATF3, CXCR4, FOSB, CCl4, which were validated through RT-qPCR. The miRNA-mRNA network implicated hsa-miR-185-5p as diagnostic targets and drug-gene network showed colchicine, fenofibrate as potential therapeutic drugs, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that PAT is mainly associated with the occurrence of CAD following the dysfunction of immune and inflammatory processes. The identified hubgenes, predicted drugs and miRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Computed Tomography, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanglei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
| | - Junfeng Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
| | - Maoqing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
| | - Kailei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
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13
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A Network Pharmacology Technique to Investigate the Synergistic Mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix puerariae in Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6937186. [PMID: 33082828 PMCID: PMC7566220 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6937186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to analyze the active ingredients, drug targets, and related pathways in the combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Radix puerariae (RP) in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs). Method The ingredients and targets of SM and RP were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the disease targets were obtained from Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) Database. The synergistic mechanisms of the SM and RP were evaluated by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) path enrichment analyses. Result A total of 61 active ingredients and 58 common targets were identified in this study. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that SM- and RP-regulated pathways were mainly inflammatory processes, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular systems. The component-target-pathway network indicated that SM and RP exert a synergistic mechanism for CCVDs through PTGS2 target in PI3k-Akt, TNF, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. Conclusion In summary, this study clarified the synergistic mechanisms of SM and RP, which can provide a better understanding of effect in the treatment of CCVDs.
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14
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Chang TT, Yang HY, Chen C, Chen JW. CCL4 Inhibition in Atherosclerosis: Effects on Plaque Stability, Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness, and Macrophages Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186567. [PMID: 32911750 PMCID: PMC7555143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an arterial inflammatory disease. The circulating level of the C-C chemokine ligand (CCL4) is increased in atherosclerotic patients. This study aimed to investigate whether CCL4 inhibition could retard the progression of atherosclerosis. In ApoE knockout mice, CCL4 antibody treatment reduced circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and improved lipid profiles accompanied with upregulation of the liver X receptor. CCL4 inhibition reduced the atheroma areas and modified the progression of atheroma plaques, which consisted of a thicker fibrous cap with a reduced macrophage content and lower matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expressions, suggesting the stabilization of atheroma plaques. Human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) and macrophages were stimulated with TNF-α or oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The induced expression of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were attenuated by the CCL4 antibody or CCL4 si-RNA. CCL4 inhibition reduced the adhesiveness of HCAECs, which is an early sign of atherogenesis. CCL4 blockade reduced the activity of metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in stimulated macrophages. The effects of CCL4 inhibition on down-regulating adhesion and inflammation proteins were obtained through the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. The direct inhibition of CCL4 stabilized atheroma and reduced endothelial and macrophage activation. CCL4 may be a novel therapeutic target for modulating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Ying Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28757730; Fax: +886-2-28711601
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15
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Shao W, Li X, Peng J, Fan S, Liang M, Huang K. Apatinib attenuates phenotypic switching of arterial smooth muscle cells in vascular remodelling by targeting the PDGF Receptor-β. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10128-10139. [PMID: 32697395 PMCID: PMC7520274 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apatinib (YN968D1) is a small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)which can inhibit the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2). It has been reported that apatinib has anti‐tumour effect of inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of a variety of solid tumour cells, whereas its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of apatinib on phenotypic switching of arterial smooth muscle cells in vascular remodelling. Compared to the vehicle groups, mice that were performed carotid artery ligation injury and treated with apatinib produced a reduction in abnormal neointimal area. For in vitro experiment, apatinib administration inhibited VSMC proliferation, migration and reversed VSMC dedifferentiation with the stimulation of platelet‐derived growth factor type BB (PDGF‐BB).In terms of mechanism, with the preincubation of apatinib, the activations of PDGF receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β) and phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLC‐γ1) induced by PDGF‐BB were inhibited in VSMCs. With the preincubation of apatinib, the phosphorylation of PDGFR‐β, extracellular signal‐related kinases (ERK1/2) and Jun amino‐terminal kinases (JNK) induced by PDGF‐BB were also inhibited in rat vascular smooth muscle cell line A7r5. Herein, we found that apatinib attenuates phenotypic switching of arterial smooth muscle cells induced by PDGF‐BB in vitro and vascular remodelling in vivo. Therefore, apatinib is a potential candidate to treat vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Shao
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangtong Peng
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Fan
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Holvoet P, Klocke B, Vanhaverbeke M, Menten R, Sinnaeve P, Raitoharju E, Lehtimäki T, Oksala N, Zinser C, Janssens S, Sipido K, Lyytikainen LP, Cagnin S. RNA-sequencing reveals that STRN, ZNF484 and WNK1 add to the value of mitochondrial MT-COI and COX10 as markers of unstable coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225621. [PMID: 31821324 PMCID: PMC6903720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Markers in monocytes, precursors of macrophages, which are related to CAD, are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify genes in monocytes predictive of a new ischemic event in patients with CAD and/or discriminate between stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome. We included 66 patients with stable CAD, of which 24 developed a new ischemic event, and 19 patients with ACS. Circulating CD14+ monocytes were isolated with magnetic beads. RNA sequencing analysis in monocytes of patients with (n = 13) versus without (n = 11) ischemic event at follow-up and in patients with ACS (n = 12) was validated with qPCR (n = 85). MT-COI, STRN and COX10 predicted new ischemic events in CAD patients (power for separation at 1% error rate of 0.97, 0.90 and 0.77 respectively). Low MT-COI and high STRN were also related to shorter time between blood sampling and event. COX10 and ZNF484 together with MT-COI, STRN and WNK1 separated ACS completely from stable CAD patients. RNA expressions in monocytes of MT-COI, COX10, STRN, WNK1 and ZNF484 were independent of cholesterol lowering and antiplatelet treatment. They were independent of troponin T, a marker of myocardial injury. But, COX10 and ZNF484 in human plaques correlated to plaque markers of M1 macrophage polarization, reflecting vascular injury. Expression of MT-COI, COX10, STRN and WNK1, but not that of ZNF484, PBMCs paired with that in monocytes. The prospective study of relation of MT-COI, COX10, STRN, WNK1 and ZNF484 with unstable CAD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Holvoet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Roxane Menten
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Sinnaeve
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niku Oksala
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikainen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, Padova, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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17
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Preliminary observation of chemokine expression in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Cytokine 2019; 127:154920. [PMID: 31786503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stanford type A Aortic dissection (TAAD) is a deadly cardiovascular disease but the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and disease pathogenesis is still unclear. Observation of the changes of different chemokines may help to explore the etiology of TAAD much further. Clinical data was collected from TAAD patients (TAAD group) and healthy controls (HC group) in our institute between October 2013 and December 2014. Blood sample was harvested from each subject of two groups. The expression levels of eighty chemokines were examined by protein array technology. Then we tested the expressions of macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), interleukin 16 (IL-16), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3) ligand by using luminex technology. Osteopontin (OPN) and monocyte chemotaxis protein (MCP) levels were analyzed by ELISA kits. The mean age of TAAD group is 49.9 ± 11.2 and 48.7 ± 9.9 in HC group, respectively. 76.0% of TAAD patients and 72.0% of healthy controls were male. MIP-1β and ENA-78 expression in TAAD group were significantly lower than that in HC group, while significant increasing IL-16 level was found. Plasma levels of OPN in TAAD group increased remarkably compared with HC group, but MCP-1 and MCP-2 expression significantly decreased. No correlation was shown between serum CRP levels and plasma level of these cytokines by using Spearman analysis. ROC analysis showed that OPN could be indicators for TAAD diagnosis with sensitivity of 0.92 and specificity of 0.99. Our results provide a reasonable way to focus on the chemokines in understanding the pathogenesis of human TAAD.
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Chen Q, Lv J, Yang W, Xu B, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Han Y. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 as a potential treatment strategy for atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:6424-6442. [PMID: 31588227 PMCID: PMC6771242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has attracted more attention in recent years. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays essential roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 activation has been shown to contribute to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the study of STAT3 inhibitors has gradually become a focal research topic. In this review, we describe the crucial roles of STAT3 in endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage polarization, inflammation, and immunity during atherosclerosis. STAT3 in mitochondria is mentioned as well. Then, we present a summary and classification of STAT3 inhibitors, which could offer potential treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we enumerate some of the problems that have interfered with the development of mature therapies utilizing STAT3 inhibitors to treat atherosclerosis. Finally, we propose ideas that may help to solve these problems to some extent. Collectively, this review may be useful for developing future STAT3 inhibitor therapies for atherosclerosis.
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19
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Li X, Lin S, Chen X, Huang W, Li Q, Zhang H, Chen X, Yang S, Jin K, Shao B. The Prognostic Value of Serum Cytokines in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2019; 10:544-556. [PMID: 31164999 PMCID: PMC6538221 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an unavoidable process and contributes to the destruction of cerebral tissue during the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) phase and has not been addressed fully to date. Insightful understanding of correlation of inflammatory mediators and stroke outcome may provide new biomarkers or therapeutic approaches for ischemic stroke. Here, we prospectively recruited 180 first-ever AIS patients within 72 hrs after stroke onset. We used the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to quantify stroke severity and modified Rankin scale (mRS) to assess the 3-month outcome for AIS patients. Initially, we screened 35 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in sera from 75 AIS patients and control subjects. Cytokines that were of interest were further investigated in the 180 AIS patients and 14 heathy controls. We found that IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, EGF, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF and Fractalkine levels were significantly decreased in severe stroke patients. In particular, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, G-CSF and GM-CSF were significantly reduced in AIS patients with poor outcome, compared to those with good prognosis. IL-6 was notably higher in the poor outcome group. Only IL-9 level decreased in the large infarct volume group. After adjusting for confounders, we found that IL-5 was an independent protective factor for prognosis in AIS patients with an adjusted OR of 0.042 (P = 0.007), whereas IL-6 was an independent risk predictor for AIS patients with an adjusted OR of 1.293 (P = 0.003). Our study suggests the levels of serum cytokines are related to stroke severity, short-term prognosis and cerebral infarct volume in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Li
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyang Lin
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wensi Huang
- 3Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- 4Department of Neurology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- 5Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Xudong Chen
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- 5Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 5Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Bei Shao
- 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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20
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Kashirina DN, Percy AJ, Pastushkova LK, Borchers CH, Kireev KS, Ivanisenko VA, Kononikhin AS, Nikolaev EN, Larina IM. The molecular mechanisms driving physiological changes after long duration space flights revealed by quantitative analysis of human blood proteins. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:45. [PMID: 30871558 PMCID: PMC6416832 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conditions of space flight have a significant effect on the physiological processes in the human body, yet the molecular mechanisms driving physiological changes remain unknown. Methods Blood samples of 18 Russian cosmonauts who had conducted long-duration missions to the International Space Station were collected 30 days before launch and on the first and seventh days after landing. Results A panel of 125 proteins in the blood plasma was quantitated by a well-established and highly regarded targeted mass spectrometry approach. This method involves the monitoring of multiple reactions in conjunction with stable isotope-labeled standards at the University of Victoria - Genome BC Proteomics Centre. Conclusions Reduction of circulating plasma volume during space flight and activation of fluid retention at the final stage of the flight affect the changes in plasma protein concentrations present in the first days after landing. Using an ANOVA approach, it was revealed that only 1 protein (S100A9) reliably responded to space flight conditions. This protein plays an important role in the functioning of the endothelium and can serve as a marker for activation of inflammatory reactions. Concentrations of the proteins of complement, coagulation cascades, and acute phase reactants increase in the blood of cosmonauts as measured the first day after landing. Most of these proteins’ concentrations continue to increase by the 7th day after space flight. Similar dynamics are observed for proteases and their inhibitors. Thus, there is a shift in proteolytic blood systems, which is necessary for the restoration of muscle tissue and maintenance of oncotic homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0490-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Kashirina
- Institute for Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center of RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrew J Percy
- Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Liudmila Kh Pastushkova
- Institute for Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kirill S Kireev
- Yu.A.Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star City, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kononikhin
- Institute for Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center of RAS, Moscow, Russia.,V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Eugene N Nikolaev
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skoltech, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Irina M Larina
- Institute for Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Functional pathways associated with human carotid atheroma: a proteomics analysis. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:362-373. [PMID: 30617313 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in large-scale analysis are becoming very useful in understanding health and disease. Here, we used high-throughput mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins between early and advanced lesions. Carotid endarterectomy samples were collected and dissected into early and advanced atherosclerotic lesion portions. Proteins were extracted and subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and verified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), on which advanced systems biology and enrichment analyses were performed. The identified proteins were further compared to the transcriptomic data of 32 paired samples obtained from early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. A total of 95 proteins were upregulated, and 117 proteins were downregulated in advanced lesions compared to early atherosclerotic lesions (p < 0.05). The upregulated proteins were associated with proatherogenic processes, whereas downregulated proteins were involved in extracellular matrix organization and vascular smooth muscle cytoskeleton. Many of the identified proteins were linked to various "upstream regulators", among which TGFβ had the highest connections. Specifically, a total of 19 genes were commonly upregulated, and 30 genes were downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels. These genes were involved in vascular smooth muscle cell activity, for which enriched transcription factors were identified. This study deciphers altered pathways in atherosclerosis and identifies upstream regulators that could be candidate targets for treatment.
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22
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Yu AZ, Ramsey SA. A Computational Systems Biology Approach for Identifying Candidate Drugs for Repositioning for Cardiovascular Disease. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 10:449-454. [PMID: 27778232 PMCID: PMC5403631 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an in silico method to screen for receptors or pathways that could be targeted to elicit beneficial transcriptional changes in a cellular model of a disease of interest. In our method, we integrate: (1) a dataset of transcriptome responses of a cell line to a panel of drugs; (2) two sets of genes for the disease; and (3) mappings between drugs and the receptors or pathways that they target. We carried out a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) test for each of the two gene sets against a list of genes ordered by fold-change in response to a drug in a relevant cell line (HL60), with the overall score for a drug being the difference of the two enrichment scores. Next, we applied GSEA for drug targets based on drugs that have been ranked by their differential enrichment scores. The method ranks drugs by the degree of anti-correlation of their gene-level transcriptional effects on the cell line with the genes in the disease gene sets. We applied the method to data from (1) CMap 2.0; (2) gene sets from two transcriptome profiling studies of atherosclerosis; and (3) a combined dataset of drug/target information. Our analysis recapitulated known targets related to CVD (e.g., PPARγ; HMG-CoA reductase, HDACs) and novel targets (e.g., amine oxidase A, δ-opioid receptor). We conclude that combining disease-associated gene sets, drug-transcriptome-responses datasets and drug-target annotations can potentially be useful as a screening tool for diseases that lack an accepted cellular model for in vitro screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Z Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 1148 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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23
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Park HS, Han JH, Jung SH, Lee DH, Heo KS, Myung CS. Anti-apoptotic effects of autophagy via ROS regulation in microtubule-targeted and PDGF-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:349-360. [PMID: 29719457 PMCID: PMC5928348 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been studied as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. However, insufficient studies have been reported concerning the influence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through autophagy regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of VSMCs on the regulation of autophagy under in vitro conditions similar to vascular status of the equipped microtubule target agent-eluting stent and increased release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Cell viability and proliferation were measured using MTT and cell counting assays. Immunofluorescence using an anti-α-tubulin antibody was performed to determine microtubule dynamic formation. Cell apoptosis was measured by cleavage of caspase-3 using western blot analysis, and by nuclear fragmentation using a fluorescence assay. Autophagy activity was assessed by microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC-II) using western blot analysis. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using H2DCFDA. The proliferation and viability of VSMCs were inhibited by microtubule regulation. Additionally, microtubule-regulated and PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs increased the cleavage of caspase-3 more than only the microtubule-regulated condition, similar to that of LC3-II, implying autophagy. Inhibitory autophagy of microtubule-regulated and PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs resulted in low viability. However, enhancement of autophagy maintained survival through the reduction of ROS. These results suggest that the apoptosis of conditioned VSMCs is decreased by the blocking generation of ROS via the promotion of autophagy, and proliferation is also inhibited. Thus, promoting autophagy as a therapeutic target for vascular restenosis and atherosclerosis may be a good strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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24
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Moulton KS, Li M, Strand K, Burgett S, McClatchey P, Tucker R, Furgeson SB, Lu S, Kirkpatrick B, Cleveland JC, Nemenoff RA, Ambardekar AV, Weiser-Evans MC. PTEN deficiency promotes pathological vascular remodeling of human coronary arteries. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97228. [PMID: 29467331 PMCID: PMC5916252 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an essential regulator of the differentiated vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. Our goal was to establish that PTEN loss promotes SMC dedifferentiation and pathological vascular remodeling in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries exposed to continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Arteries were categorized as nonatherosclerotic hyperplasia (NAH), atherosclerotic hyperplasia (AH), or complex plaque (CP). NAH coronary arteries from CF-LVAD patients were compared to NAH coronaries from non-LVAD patients. Intimal PTEN and SMC contractile protein expression was reduced compared with the media in arteries with NAH, AH, or CP. Compared with NAH, PTEN and SMC contractile protein expression was reduced in the media and intima of arteries with AH and CP. NAH arteries from CF-LVAD patients showed marked vascular remodeling and reduced PTEN and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in medial SMCs compared with arteries from non-LVAD patients; this correlated with increased medial collagen deposition. Mechanistically, compared with ApoE–/– mice, SMC-specific PTEN-null/ApoE–/– double-knockout mice exhibited accelerated atherosclerosis progression and increased vascular fibrosis. By microarray and validated quantitative RT-PCR analysis, SMC PTEN deficiency promotes a global upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes. We propose that PTEN is an antiinflammatory, antifibrotic target that functions to maintain SMC differentiation. SMC loss of PTEN results in pathological vascular remodeling of human arteries. PTEN loss correlates with dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells of human coronary arteries affected with atherosclerosis or exposed to continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcella Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Keith Strand
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Shawna Burgett
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Rebecca Tucker
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Joseph C Cleveland
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Department of Surgery
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Mary Cm Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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25
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Stefanutti C, Mazza F, Pasqualetti D, Di Giacomo S, Watts GF, Massari MS, de Neve J, Morozzi C, Fischer M. Lipoprotein apheresis downregulates IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in severe dyslipidaemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017; 30:200-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Rezayani S, Farazmandfar T, shahbazi M. Association assessment of platelet derived growth factor B gene polymorphism and its expression status with susceptibility to coronary artery disease. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Park HS, Quan KT, Han JH, Jung SH, Lee DH, Jo E, Lim TW, Heo KS, Na M, Myung CS. Rubiarbonone C inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through the focal adhesion kinase, MAPK and STAT3 Tyr 705 signalling pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4140-4154. [PMID: 28832962 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are important steps in cardiovascular diseases, including neointimal lesion formation, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Here, we evaluated the rubiarbonone C-mediated signalling pathways that regulate PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell proliferation and migration were measured in cells treated with rubiarbonone C followed by PDGF BB using the MTT assay, [3 H]-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry and wound-healing migration assay, MMP gelatin zymography, a fluorescence assay for F-actin. Western blotting of molecules including MAPK, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and STAT3 and an immunofluorescence assay using anti-PCNA and -STAT3 antibodies were performed to evaluate rubiarbonone C signalling pathway(s). The medial thickness of the carotid artery was evaluated using a mouse carotid ligation model. KEY RESULTS Rubiarbonone C inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and diminished the ligation-induced increase in medial thickness of the carotid artery. In PDGF-stimulated VSMCs rubiarbonone C decreased the following: (i) levels of cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins, PCNA and hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein; (ii) levels and activity of MMP2 and MMP9; (iii) activation of MAPK; (iv) F-actin reorganization, by reducing FAK activation; (v) activation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that rubiarbonone C inhibits the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by inhibiting the FAK, MAPK and STAT3 signalling pathways. Therefore, rubiarbonone C could be a good candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Khong Trong Quan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Standardization, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunji Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea.,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea.,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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28
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Simmons RD, Kumar S, Thabet SR, Sur S, Jo H. Omics-based approaches to understand mechanosensitive endothelial biology and atherosclerosis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:378-401. [PMID: 27341633 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to d-flow can be used to indicate disturbed flow or disturbed blood flow. The mechanisms by which d-flow induces atherosclerosis involve changes in the transcriptome, methylome, proteome, and metabolome of multiple vascular cells, especially endothelial cells. Initially, we begin with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the changes that occur at multiple levels owing to d-flow, especially in the endothelium. Also, there are a variety of strategies used for the global profiling of the genome, transcriptome, miRNA-ome, DNA methylome, and metabolome that are important to define the biological and pathophysiological mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Finally, systems biology can be used to integrate these 'omics' datasets, especially those that derive data based on a single animal model, in order to better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development in a holistic manner and how this integrative approach could be used to identify novel molecular diagnostics and therapeutic targets to prevent or treat atherosclerosis. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:378-401. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1344 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Simmons
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Salim Raid Thabet
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanjoli Sur
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Goo YH, Son SH, Yechoor VK, Paul A. Transcriptional Profiling of Foam Cells Reveals Induction of Guanylate-Binding Proteins Following Western Diet Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in the Absence of Global Changes in Inflammation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002663. [PMID: 27091181 PMCID: PMC4859273 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Foam cells are central to two major pathogenic processes in atherogenesis: cholesterol buildup in arteries and inflammation. The main underlying cause of cholesterol deposition in arteries is hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to assess, in vivo, whether elevated plasma cholesterol also alters the inflammatory balance of foam cells. Methods and Results Apolipoprotein E–deficient mice were fed regular mouse chow through the study or were switched to a Western‐type diet (WD) 2 or 14 weeks before death. Consecutive sections of the aortic sinus were used for lesion quantification or to isolate RNA from foam cells by laser‐capture microdissection (LCM) for microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. WD feeding for 2 or 14 weeks significantly increased plasma cholesterol, but the size of atherosclerotic lesions increased only in the 14‐week WD group. Expression of more genes was affected in foam cells of mice under prolonged hypercholesterolemia than in mice fed WD for 2 weeks. However, most transcripts coding for inflammatory mediators remained unchanged in both WD groups. Among the main players in inflammatory or immune responses, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 13 was induced in foam cells of mice under WD for 2 weeks. The interferon‐inducible GTPases, guanylate‐binding proteins (GBP)3 and GBP6, were induced in the 14‐week WD group, and other GBP family members were moderately increased. Conclusions Our results indicate that acceleration of atherosclerosis by hypercholesterolemia is not linked to global changes in the inflammatory balance of foam cells. However, induction of GBPs uncovers a novel family of immune modulators with a potential role in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Goo
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Se-Hee Son
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Vijay K Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Antoni Paul
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
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30
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Significant Modules and Biological Processes between Active Components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Depside Salt and Aspirin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3439521. [PMID: 27069488 PMCID: PMC4812280 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3439521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine and compare the similarities and differences between active components of S. miltiorrhiza depside salt and aspirin using perspective of pharmacological molecular networks. Active components of S. miltiorrhiza depside salt and aspirin's related genes were identified via the STITCH4.0 and GeneCards Database. A text search engine (Agilent Literature Search 2.71) and MCODE software were applied to construct network and divide modules, respectively. Finally, 32, 2, and 28 overlapping genes, modules, and pathways were identified between active components of S. miltiorrhiza depside salt and aspirin. A multidimensional framework of drug network showed that two networks reflected commonly in human aortic endothelial cells and atherosclerosis process. Aspirin plays a more important role in metabolism, such as the well-known AA metabolism pathway and other lipid or carbohydrate metabolism pathways. S. miltiorrhiza depside salt still plays a regulatory role in type II diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and adipocytokine signaling pathway. Therefore, this study suggests that aspirin combined with S. miltiorrhiza depside salt may be more efficient in treatment of CHD patients, especially those with diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia. Further clinical trials to confirm this hypothesis are still needed.
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Nuclear PTEN functions as an essential regulator of SRF-dependent transcription to control smooth muscle differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10830. [PMID: 26940659 PMCID: PMC5411712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease progression is associated with marked changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and function. SMC contractile gene expression and, thus differentiation, is under direct transcriptional control by the transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF); however, the mechanisms dynamically regulating SMC phenotype are not fully defined. Here we report that the lipid and protein phosphatase, PTEN, has a novel role in the nucleus by functioning as an indispensible regulator with SRF to maintain the differentiated SM phenotype. PTEN interacts with the N-terminal domain of SRF and PTEN–SRF interaction promotes SRF binding to essential promoter elements in SM-specific genes. Factors inducing phenotypic switching promote loss of nuclear PTEN through nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation resulting in reduced myogenically active SRF, but enhanced SRF activity on target genes involved in proliferation. Overall decreased expression of PTEN was observed in intimal SMCs of human atherosclerotic lesions underlying the potential clinical importance of these findings. The transcription factor, serum response factor, SRF regulates critical smooth muscle (SM) contractile gene expression but what else controls SM differentiation is unclear. Here, Horita et al. demonstrate that nuclear PTEN acts with SRF at the transcriptional level to maintain the differentiated SM phenotype.
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The role of endothelial mechanosensitive genes in atherosclerosis and omics approaches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:111-31. [PMID: 26686737 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S., and is a multifactorial disease that preferentially occurs in regions of the arterial tree exposed to disturbed blood flow. The detailed mechanisms by which d-flow induces atherosclerosis involve changes in the expression of genes, epigenetic patterns, and metabolites of multiple vascular cells, especially endothelial cells. This review presents an overview of endothelial mechanobiology and its relation to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with special reference to the anatomy of the artery and the underlying fluid mechanics, followed by a discussion of a variety of experimental models to study the role of fluid mechanics and atherosclerosis. Various in vitro and in vivo models to study the role of flow in endothelial biology and pathobiology are discussed in this review. Furthermore, strategies used for the global profiling of the genome, transcriptome, miR-nome, DNA methylome, and metabolome, as they are important to define the biological and pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis. These "omics" approaches, especially those which derive data based on a single animal model, provide unprecedented opportunities to not only better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development in a holistic and integrative manner, but also to identify novel molecular and diagnostic targets.
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Field SL, Dasgupta T, Cummings M, Savage RS, Adebayo J, McSara H, Gunawardena J, Orsi NM. Bayesian modeling suggests that IL-12 (p40), IL-13 and MCP-1 drive murine cytokine networks in vivo. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:76. [PMID: 26553024 PMCID: PMC4640223 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytokine-hormone network deregulations underpin pathologies ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer, but our understanding of these networks in physiological/pathophysiological states remains patchy. We employed Bayesian networks to analyze cytokine-hormone interactions in vivo using murine lactation as a dynamic, physiological model system. Results Circulatory levels of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and twenty-three cytokines were profiled in post partum mice with/without pups. The resultant networks were very robust and assembled about structural hubs, with evidence that interleukin (IL)-12 (p40), IL-13 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were the primary drivers of network behavior. Network structural conservation across physiological scenarios coupled with the successful empirical validation of our approach suggested that in silico network perturbations can predict in vivo qualitative responses. In silico perturbation of network components also captured biological features of cytokine interactions (antagonism, synergy, redundancy). Conclusion These findings highlight the potential of network-based approaches in identifying novel cytokine pharmacological targets and in predicting the effects of their exogenous manipulation in inflammatory/immune disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0226-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Field
- Women's Health Research Group, Section of Cancer & Pathology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Tathagata Dasgupta
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Michele Cummings
- Women's Health Research Group, Section of Cancer & Pathology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Richard S Savage
- Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Julius Adebayo
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA. .,IDeA Labs, Department of Computer Science, TMCB 1124, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Hema McSara
- Women's Health Research Group, Section of Cancer & Pathology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Jeremy Gunawardena
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Nicolas M Orsi
- Women's Health Research Group, Section of Cancer & Pathology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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Increased size and cellularity of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in mice with endothelial overexpression of the human TRPC3 channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2201-6. [PMID: 25870279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505410112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous in vitro studies, we showed that Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3), a calcium-permeable, nonselective cation channel endowed with high constitutive function, is an obligatory component of the inflammatory signaling that controls expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte adhesion to coronary artery endothelial cells. Also, TRPC3 expression in these cells was found to be up-regulated by proatherogenic factors, which enhanced inflammation and VCAM-1 expression. However, it remained to be determined whether these in vitro findings were of relevance to atherosclerotic lesion development in vivo. To answer this important question in the present work, we generated mice with endothelial-specific overexpression of human TRPC3 in an Apoe knockout background (TgEST3ApoeKO) and examined lesions in the aortic sinus following 10 and 16 wk on a high-fat diet. No significant differences were found in size or complexity of early stage lesions (10 wk). However, advanced plaques (16 wk) from TgEST3ApoeKO mice exhibited a significant increase in size and macrophage content compared with nontransgenic littermate controls. Remarkably, this change was correlated with increased VCAM-1 and phospho-IkBα immunoreactivity along the endothelial lining of lesions from transgenic animals compared with controls. These findings validate the in vivo relevance of previous in vitro findings and represent, to our knowledge, the first in vivo evidence for a proatherogenic role of endothelial TRPC3.
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Lee RH, Vazquez G. Reduced size and macrophage content of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in mice with bone marrow specific deficiency of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124584. [PMID: 25826262 PMCID: PMC4380454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In macrophages the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) modulates production of inflammatory cytokines, cholesterol accumulation and lipoprotein uptake. Recently, our laboratory showed that selective stimulation of the α7nAChR protects macrophages from apoptosis, an effect that is absent in α7nAChR-deficient macrophages. All these observations are suggestive of a potential role of macrophage α7nAChR in atherosclerosis. Mouse models of the disease with bone marrow deletion of α7nAChR represent an attractive approach to address the in vivo relevance of these in vitro findings. However, recent studies that focused on the impact of hematopoietic deficiency of α7nAChR on early atherosclerotic lesions of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLRKO) mice, yielded controversial results. The question also remained whether macrophage α7nAChR modulates the characteristics of advanced lesions. Here we used LDLR knockout mice transplanted with bone marrow from wild-type or α7nAChR knockout animals to revisit the effect of hematopoietic deficiency of α7nAChR on early lesions and to examine, for the first time, its impact on advanced plaques. Aortic sinus atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed following 8 and 14 weeks on a high fat diet. Early lesions in mice with α7nAChR deficient bone marrow were not different from those in control animals. However, advanced lesions of mice with bone marrow deletion of α7nAChR exhibited reduction in size, macrophage content and cell proliferation. These studies are the first in examining the impact of hematopoietic deficiency of α7nAChR on the characteristics of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in a mouse model of the disease and provide novel evidence underscoring a potential pro-atherogenic role of macrophage α7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Helicobacter pylori: Genomic Insight into the Host-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:386905. [PMID: 25722969 PMCID: PMC4334614 DOI: 10.1155/2015/386905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of genomic analyses has revolutionized the study of human health. Infectious disease research in particular has experienced an explosion of bacterial genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data complementing the phenotypic methods employed in traditional bacteriology. Together, these techniques have revealed novel virulence determinants in numerous pathogens and have provided information for potential chemotherapeutics. The bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, has been recognized as a class 1 carcinogen and contributes to chronic inflammation within the gastric niche. Genomic analyses have uncovered remarkable coevolution between the human host and H. pylori. Perturbation of this coevolution results in dysregulation of the host-pathogen interaction, leading to oncogenic effects. This review discusses the relationship of H. pylori with the human host and environment and the contribution of each of these factors to disease progression, with an emphasis on features that have been illuminated by genomic tools.
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Faust A, Völler T, Busch F, Schäfers M, Roth J, Hermann S, Vogl T. Development and evaluation of a non-peptidic ligand for the molecular imaging of inflammatory processes using S100A9 (MRP14) as a novel target. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15637-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development and first evaluation of a novel S100A9 specific molecular imaging probe (Cy5.5-CES271) for optical imaging of local inflammatory activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM)
| | - T. Völler
- Institute of Immunology
- University Hospital of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - F. Busch
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - M. Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM)
| | - J. Roth
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM)
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Institute of Immunology
| | - S. Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM)
| | - T. Vogl
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM)
- University of Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Institute of Immunology
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Sikorski K, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Data mining of atherosclerotic plaque transcriptomes predicts STAT1-dependent inflammatory signal integration in vascular disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14313-31. [PMID: 25196434 PMCID: PMC4159852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque development involves multiple extra- and intra-cellular signals engaging cells from the immune system and from the vasculature. Pro-inflammatory pathways activated by interferon gamma (IFNγ) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligands are profoundly involved in plaque formation and have been shown to involve cross-talk in all atheroma-interacting cell types leading to increased activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Here we demonstrate that in Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GEO) deposited microarray datasets, obtained from human coronary and carotid atherosclerotic plaques, a significant increase in expression of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes can be detected. Moreover, increased expression of multiple chemokines, adhesion molecules and matrix-remodeling molecules was commonly detected in both plaque types and correlated with the presence of putative STAT1 binding sites in their promoters, suggesting strong involvement of STAT1 in plaque development. We also provide evidence to suggest that STAT1-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) or STAT1-interferon-regulated factor (IRF) regulatory modules are over-represented in the promoters of these inflammatory genes, which points to a possible contribution of IFNγ and TLR4 cross-talk in the process of atherogenesis. Finally, a subset of these genes encodes for secreted proteins that could serve as a basis of a non-invasive diagnostic assay. The results of our in silico analysis in vitro provide potential evidence that STAT1-dependent IFNγ-TLR4 cross-talk plays a crucial role in coronary and carotid artery plaque development and identifies a STAT1-dependent gene signature that could represent a novel diagnostic tool to monitor and diagnose plaque progression in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sikorski
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High-Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
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Zhang H, Li T, Wu G, Ma F. Integration of partial least squares and Monte Carlo gene expression analysis in coronary artery disease. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1151-1154. [PMID: 24940402 PMCID: PMC3991499 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease and leading cause of mortality worldwide. Microarray technology for gene expression analysis has facilitated the identification of the molecular mechanism that underlies the pathogenesis of CAD. Previous studies have primarily used variance or regression analysis, without considering array specific factors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of CAD using partial least squares (PLS)-based analysis, which was integrated with the Monte Carlo technique. Microarray analysis was performed with a data set of 110 CAD patients and 111 controls obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A total of 390 dysregulated genes were acquired. Significantly increased representations of dysregulated genes in Gene Ontology items, including transforming growth factor β-activated receptor activity and acyl-CoA oxidase activity, were identified. Network analysis revealed three hub genes with a degree of >10, including ESR1, ITGA4 and ARRB2. The results of the present study provide novel information on the gene expression signatures of CAD patients and offer further theoretical support for future therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Guanji Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
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Ivanov SM, Lagunin AA, Pogodin PV, Filimonov DA, Poroikov VV. Identification of Drug-Induced Myocardial Infarction-Related Protein Targets through the Prediction of Drug–Target Interactions and Analysis of Biological Processes. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1263-81. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Ivanov
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Lagunin
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Medico-biological
Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1,
Ostrovitianova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Pogodin
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Medico-biological
Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1,
Ostrovitianova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Filimonov
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Medico-biological
Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1,
Ostrovitianova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Choudhury SS, Bashyam L, Manthapuram N, Bitla P, Kollipara P, Tetali SD. Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts attenuate human monocytic (THP-1) cell activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:148-155. [PMID: 24732112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ocimum sanctum (OS), commonly known as Holy basil/Tulsi, has been traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and manage general cardiac health. The present study is designed to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of O. sanctum and its phenolic compound and eugenol (EUG) in human monocytic (THP-1) cells and validate its traditional use for treating cardiovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical analysis of alcoholic and water extracts of OS-dry leaves (OSAE and OSWE) was done using LC-QTOF-MS. A phenolic compound, EUG was quantified in both OSAE and OSWE by an LC-MS technique using a mass hunter work station software quantitative analysis system. The effect of both OSAE, OSWE, pure compound EUG and positive control imatinib (IMT) was investigated in THP-1 cells by studying the following markers: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion by ELISA, gene expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α and MCP-1) by real time PCR and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) by confocol microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of the extracts, EUG and IMT, was studied on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) induced monocyte to macrophage differentiation and gene expression of CD14, TLR2 and TLR4. RESULTS The LC-MS analysis of OSAE and OSWE revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds including eugenol. Quantitative analysis revealed that OSAE and OSWE had EUG of 12 ng/mgdwt and 19 ng/mgdwt respectively. OSAE, OSWE (1 mg dwt/mL) pure compound EUG (60 µg/mL) and positive control IMT (20 µg/mL) showed marked inhibition on LPS induced TNF-α secretion by THP-1 cells. At the selected concentration, the plant extracts, EUG and IMT inhibited gene expression of cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MCP-1) and translocation of NF-κB-p65 to the nuclei. In addition, they showed significant inhibition on PMA induced monocyte to macrophage differentiation and the gene expression of CD14, TLR2 and TLR4 markers. CONCLUSION The result of the present study validated traditional use of Ocimum sanctum for treating cardiovascular disease for the first time by testing antiinflammatory activity of Ocimum sanctum in acute inflammatory model, LPS induced THP-1 cells. The plant extracts showed significant antiinflammatory activity, however, further to be evaluated using chronic inflammatory animal models like diabetic or apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to make it evidence based medicine. The phenolic compound eugenol (60 µg/mL) showed significant antiinflammatory activity. However the amount of eugenol present in 1mg of OSAE and OSWE (12 ng/mg and 19 ng/mg dwt respectively) used for cell based assays was very low. It suggests that several other metabolites along with eugenol are responsible for the efficacy of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leena Bashyam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Nalini Manthapuram
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Prasanth Bitla
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Padmasree Kollipara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sarada D Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, INDIA.
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Martini P, Sales G, Brugiolo M, Gandaglia A, Naso F, De Pittà C, Spina M, Gerosa G, Chemello F, Romualdi C, Cagnin S, Lanfranchi G. Tissue-specific expression and regulatory networks of pig microRNAome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89755. [PMID: 24699212 PMCID: PMC3974652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the economic and medical importance of the pig, knowledge about its genome organization, gene expression regulation, and molecular mechanisms involved in physiological processes is far from that achieved for mouse and rat, the two most used model organisms in biomedical research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a wide class of molecules that exert a recognized role in gene expression modulation, but only 280 miRNAs in pig have been characterized to date. Results We applied a novel computational approach to predict species-specific and conserved miRNAs in the pig genome, which were then subjected to experimental validation. We experimentally identified candidate miRNAs sequences grouped in high-confidence (424) and medium-confidence (353) miRNAs according to RNA-seq results. A group of miRNAs was also validated by PCR experiments. We established the subtle variability in expression of isomiRs and miRNA-miRNA star couples supporting a biological function for these molecules. Finally, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles produced from the same sample of 20 different tissue of the animal were combined, using a correlation threshold to filter miRNA-target predictions, to identify tissue-specific regulatory networks. Conclusions Our data represent a significant progress in the current understanding of miRNAome in pig. The identification of miRNAs, their target mRNAs, and the construction of regulatory circuits will provide new insights into the complex biological networks in several tissues of this important animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Martini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Brugiolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gandaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Naso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Michele Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Lanfranchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Heinzel A, Mühlberger I, Fechete R, Mayer B, Perco P. Functional molecular units for guiding biomarker panel design. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1159:109-133. [PMID: 24788264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0709-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of biomarker research has experienced a major boost in recent years, and the number of publications on biomarker studies evaluating given, but also proposing novel biomarker candidates is increasing rapidly for numerous clinically relevant disease areas. However, individual markers often lack sensitivity and specificity in the clinical context, resting essentially on the intra-individual phenotype variability hampering sensitivity, or on assessing more general processes downstream of the causative molecular events characterizing a disease term, in consequence impairing disease specificity. The trend to circumvent these shortcomings goes towards utilizing multimarker panels, thus combining the strength of individual markers to further enhance performance regarding both sensitivity and specificity. A way of identifying the optimal composition of individual markers in a panel approach is to pick each marker as representative for a specific pathophysiological (mechanistic) process relevant for the disease under investigation, hence resulting in a multimarker panel for covering the set of pathophysiological processes underlying the frequently multifactorial composition of a clinical phenotype.Here we outline a procedure of identifying such sets of disease-specific pathophysiological processes (units) delineated on the basis of disease-associated molecular feature lists derived from literature mining as well as aggregated, publicly available Omics profiling experiments. With such molecular units in hand, providing an improved reflection of a specific clinical phenotype, biomarker candidates can then be assigned to or novel candidates are to be selected from these units, subsequently resulting in a multimarker panel promising improved accuracy in disease diagnosis as well as prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinzel
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Gersthofer Strasse 29-31, 1180, Vienna, Austria
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Valanti E, Tsompanidis A, Sanoudou D. Pharmacogenomics in the development and characterization of atheroprotective drugs. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:259-300. [PMID: 25150873 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. The clinically available atheroprotective drugs aim mainly at reducing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and attenuating inflammation. However, the cardiovascular risk remains high, along with morbidity, mortality, and incidence of adverse drug events. Pharmacogenomics is increasingly contributing towards the characterization of existing atheroprotective drugs, the evaluation of novel ones, and the identification of promising, unexplored therapeutic targets, at the global molecular pathway level. This chapter presents highlights of pharmacogenomics investigations and discoveries that have contributed towards the elucidation of pharmacological atheroprotection, while opening the way to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Valanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 115 27, Greece
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Tano JY, Solanki S, Lee RH, Smedlund K, Birnbaumer L, Vazquez G. Bone marrow deficiency of TRPC3 channel reduces early lesion burden and necrotic core of advanced plaques in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:138-44. [PMID: 24101197 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage apoptosis plays a determinant role in progression of atherosclerotic lesions. An important goal in atherosclerosis research is to identify new components of macrophage apoptosis that can eventually be exploited as molecular targets in strategies aimed at manipulating macrophage function in the lesion. In the previous work from our laboratory, we have shown that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel is an obligatory component of survival mechanisms in human and murine macrophages and that TRPC3-deficient non-polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibit increased apoptosis, suggesting that in vivo TRPC3 might influence lesion development. In the present work, we used a bone marrow transplantation strategy as a first approach to examine the impact of macrophage deficiency of TRPC3 on early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS After 3 weeks of high-fat diet, lesions in mice transplanted with bone marrow from Trpc3(-/-) donors were smaller and with reduced cellularity than controls. Advanced lesions from these mice exhibited reduced necrotic core, less apoptotic macrophages, and increased collagen content and cap thickness. In vitro, TRPC3-deficient macrophages polarized to the M1 phenotype showed reduced apoptosis, whereas both M1 and M2 macrophages had increased efferocytic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow deficiency of TRPC3 has a dual beneficial effect on lesion progression by reducing cellularity at early stages and necrosis in the advanced plaques. Our findings represent the first evidence for a role of a member of the TRPC family of cation channels in mechanisms associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Tano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Heinzel A, Fechete R, Mühlberger I, Perco P, Mayer B, Lukas A. Molecular models of the cardiorenal syndrome. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1649-56. [PMID: 23494759 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular profiling techniques have provided extensive sets of molecular features characterizing clinical phenotypes, but further extrapolation to mechanistic molecular models of disease pathophysiology faces major challenges. Here, we describe a computational procedure for delineating molecular disease models utilizing omics profiles, and exemplify the methodology on aspects of the cardiorenal syndrome describing the clinical association of declining kidney function and increased cardiovascular event rates. Individual molecular features as well as selected molecular processes were identified as linking cardiovascular and renal pathology as a combination of cross-organ mediators and common pathophysiology. The molecular characterization of the disease presents as a set of molecular processes together with their interactions, composing a molecular disease model of the cardiorenal syndrome. Integrating omics profiles describing aspects of cardiovascular disease and respective profiles for advanced chronic kidney disease on molecular interaction networks, computation of disease term-specific subgraphs, and complemented by subgraph segmentation allowed delineation of disease term-specific molecular models, at their intersection providing contributors to cardiorenal pathology. Building such molecular disease models allows in a generic way to integrate multi-omics sources for generating comprehensive sets of molecular processes, on such basis providing rationale for biomarker panel selection for further characterizing clinical phenotypes.
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Karagiannis GS, Weile J, Bader GD, Minta J. Integrative pathway dissection of molecular mechanisms of moxLDL-induced vascular smooth muscle phenotype transformation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:4. [PMID: 23324130 PMCID: PMC3556327 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AT) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells, lipoproteins and fibrous tissue in the walls of arteries. AT is the primary cause of heart attacks and stroke and is the leading cause of death in Western countries. To date, the pathogenesis of AT is not well-defined. Studies have shown that the dedifferentiation of contractile and quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) to the proliferative, migratory and synthetic phenotype in the intima is pivotal for the onset and progression of AT. To further delineate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AT, we analyzed the early molecular pathways and networks involved in the SMC phenotype transformation. Methods Quiescent human coronary artery SMCs were treated with minimally-oxidized LDL (moxLDL), for 3 hours and 21 hours, respectively. Transcriptomic data was generated for both time-points using microarrays and was subjected to pathway analysis using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, GeneMANIA and Ingenuity software tools. Gene expression heat maps and pathways enriched in differentially expressed genes were compared to identify functional biological themes to elucidate early and late molecular mechanisms of moxLDL-induced SMC dedifferentiation. Results Differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in cholesterol biosynthesis, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell cycle control and myogenic contraction themes. These pathways are consistent with inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, migration and ECM production, which are characteristic of SMC dedifferentiation. Furthermore, up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism was observed in moxLDL-induced SMC. These observations are consistent with the accumulation of cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol esters, which induce proinflammatory reactions during atherogenesis. Our data implicate for the first time IL12, IFN-α, HGF, CSF3, and VEGF signaling in SMC phenotype transformation. GPCR signaling, HBP1 (repressor of cyclin D1 and CDKN1B), and ID2 and ZEB1 transcriptional regulators were also found to have important roles in SMC dedifferentiation. Several microRNAs were observed to regulate the SMC phenotype transformation via an interaction with IFN-γ pathway. Also, several “nexus” genes in complex networks, including components of the multi-subunit enzyme complex involved in the terminal stages of cholesterol synthesis, microRNAs (miR-203, miR-511, miR-590-3p, miR-346*/miR- 1207-5p/miR-4763-3p), GPCR proteins (GPR1, GPR64, GPRC5A, GPR171, GPR176, GPR32, GPR25, GPR124) and signal transduction pathways, were found to be regulated. Conclusions The systems biology analysis of the in vitro model of moxLDL-induced VSMC phenotype transformation was associated with the regulation of several genes not previously implicated in SMC phenotype transformation. The identification of these potential candidate genes enable hypothesis generation and in vivo functional experimentation (such as gain and loss-of-function studies) to establish causality with the process of SMC phenotype transformation and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Fan S, Geng Q, Pan Z, Li X, Tie L, Pan Y, Li X. Clarifying off-target effects for torcetrapib using network pharmacology and reverse docking approach. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:152. [PMID: 23228038 PMCID: PMC3547811 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Torcetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor which raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, has been documented to increase mortality and cardiac events associated with adverse effects. However, it is still unclear the underlying mechanisms of the off-target effects of torcetrapib. Results In the present study, we developed a systems biology approach by combining a human reassembled signaling network with the publicly available microarray gene expression data to provide unique insights into the off-target adverse effects for torcetrapib. Cytoscape with three plugins including BisoGenet, NetworkAnalyzer and ClusterONE was utilized to establish a context-specific drug-gene interaction network. The DAVID functional annotation tool was applied for gene ontology (GO) analysis, while pathway enrichment analysis was clustered by ToppFun. Furthermore, potential off-targets of torcetrapib were predicted by a reverse docking approach. In general, 10503 nodes were retrieved from the integrative signaling network and 47660 inter-connected relations were obtained from the BisoGenet plugin. In addition, 388 significantly up-regulated genes were detected by Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) in adrenal carcinoma cells treated with torcetrapib. After constructing the human signaling network, the over-expressed microarray genes were mapped to illustrate the context-specific network. Subsequently, three conspicuous gene regulatory networks (GRNs) modules were unearthed, which contributed to the off-target effects of torcetrapib. GO analysis reflected dramatically over-represented biological processes associated with torcetrapib including activation of cell death, apoptosis and regulation of RNA metabolic process. Enriched signaling pathways uncovered that IL-2 Receptor Beta Chain in T cell Activation, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) beta signaling pathway, IL2-mediated signaling events, ErbB signaling pathway and signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR, c-Met) might play decisive characters in the adverse cardiovascular effects associated with torcetrapib. Finally, a reverse docking algorithm in silico between torcetrapib and transmembrane receptors was conducted to identify the potential off-targets. This screening was carried out based on the enriched signaling network analysis. Conclusions Our study provided unique insights into the biological processes of torcetrapib-associated off-target adverse effects in a systems biology visual angle. In particular, we highlighted the importance of PDGFR, HGFR, IL-2 Receptor and ErbB1tyrosine kinase might be direct off-targets, which were highly related to the unfavorable adverse effects of torcetrapib and worthy of further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Overview of micro- and nano-technology tools for stem cell applications: micropatterned and microelectronic devices. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23202240 PMCID: PMC3522993 DOI: 10.3390/s121115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades the scientific community has been recognizing the paramount role of the cell microenvironment in determining cell behavior. In parallel, the study of human stem cells for their potential therapeutic applications has been progressing constantly. The use of advanced technologies, enabling one to mimic the in vivo stem cell microenviroment and to study stem cell physiology and physio-pathology, in settings that better predict human cell biology, is becoming the object of much research effort. In this review we will detail the most relevant and recent advances in the field of biosensors and micro- and nano-technologies in general, highlighting advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention will be devoted to those applications employing stem cells as a sensing element.
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Laguna JC, Alegret M. Regulation of gene expression in atherosclerosis: insights from microarray studies in monocytes/macrophages. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:477-95. [PMID: 22380002 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a pathological phenomenon in which the walls of large arteries thicken and lose elasticity as a result of the growth of atheromatous lesions. It is a complex, multifactorial disease that involves several cell types and various pathobiological processes. Its genetic basis has not yet been deciphered, but it is related to complex multigene patterns influenced by environmental interactions. In this review, we focus specifically on the application of microarrays to atherosclerosis research using monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, as these are key cells in all phases of atherosclerosis, from the formation of foam cells to the destabilization and rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. These studies have provided relevant information on genes involved in atherosclerosis development, contributing to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Laguna
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy & Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Spain
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