1
|
Pacheco HA, da Silva S, Sigdel A, Mak CK, Galvão KN, Texeira RA, Dias LT, Peñagaricano F. Gene Mapping and Gene-Set Analysis for Milk Fever Incidence in Holstein Dairy Cattle. Front Genet 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 30364193 PMCID: PMC6192420 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk fever is an important metabolic disorder that affects dairy cows around parturition. It is associated with a breakdown in the mechanisms of calcium homeostasis, resulting in very low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia). The main objective of this study was to dissect the genetic basis underlying milk fever incidence in Holstein cattle. Data consisted of 31.6 k producer-recorded lactation incidence records from 15.3 k cows. The analysis included a whole-genome scan and a subsequent gene-set analysis in order to reveal individual genes, genetic mechanisms and biological pathways implicated in the incidence of periparturient hypocalcemia. The association analysis identified at least eight different genomic regions that explain considerable amounts of additive genetic variance for milk fever incidence. Notably, some of these regions harbor genes, such as CYP27A1, CYP2J2, GC, SNAI2, and PIM1, that are directly involved in vitamin D metabolic pathway. Moreover, the gene-set analysis revealed several functional terms, such as calcium ion binding, calcium ion transportation, T cell differentiation, B cell activation, protein phosphorylation, apoptosis, and protein kinase activity, among others, that could be implicated in the development of periparturient hypocalcemia. Overall, this comprehensive study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic control of this complex disease. In addition, these findings may contribute to the development of novel breeding strategies for reducing the incidence of milk fever in dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendyel A Pacheco
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paranaì, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Simone da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paranaì, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anil Sigdel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chun Kuen Mak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rodrigo A Texeira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paranaì, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Laila T Dias
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paranaì, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo W, Johnson CS, Trump DL. Vitamin D Signaling Modulators in Cancer Therapy. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 100:433-72. [PMID: 26827962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3, 1,25D3, calcitriol) have been demonstrated in various tumor model systems in vitro and in vivo. However, limited antitumor effects of 1,25D3 have been observed in clinical trials. This may be attributed to a variety of factors including overexpression of the primary 1,25D3 degrading enzyme, CYP24A1, in tumors, which would lead to rapid local inactivation of 1,25D3. An alternative strategy for improving the antitumor activity of 1,25D3 involves the combination with a selective CYP24A1 inhibitor. The validity of this approach is supported by numerous preclinical investigations, which demonstrate that CYP24A1 inhibitors suppress 1,25D3 catabolism in tumor cells and increase the effects of 1,25D3 on gene expression and cell growth. Studies are now required to determine whether selective CYP24A1 inhibitors+1,25D3 can be used safely and effectively in patients. CYP24A1 inhibitors plus 1,25D3 can cause dose-limiting toxicity of vitamin D (hypercalcemia) in some patients. Dexamethasone significantly reduces 1,25D3-mediated hypercalcemia and enhances the antitumor activity of 1,25D3, increases VDR-ligand binding, and increases VDR protein expression. Efforts to dissect the mechanisms responsible for CYP24A1 overexpression and combinational effect of 1,25D3/dexamethasone in tumors are underway. Understanding the cross talk between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling axes is of crucial importance to the design of new therapies that include 1,25D3 and dexamethasone. Insights gained from these studies are expected to yield novel strategies to improve the efficacy of 1,25D3 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; Inova Dwight and Martha Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blischak JD, Tailleux L, Mitrano A, Barreiro LB, Gilad Y. Mycobacterial infection induces a specific human innate immune response. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16882. [PMID: 26586179 PMCID: PMC4653619 DOI: 10.1038/srep16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides the first response to infection and is now recognized to be partially pathogen-specific. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is able to subvert the innate immune response and survive inside macrophages. Curiously, only 5-10% of otherwise healthy individuals infected with MTB develop active tuberculosis (TB). We do not yet understand the genetic basis underlying this individual-specific susceptibility. Moreover, we still do not know which properties of the innate immune response are specific to MTB infection. To identify immune responses that are specific to MTB, we infected macrophages with eight different bacteria, including different MTB strains and related mycobacteria, and studied their transcriptional response. We identified a novel subset of genes whose regulation was affected specifically by infection with mycobacteria. This subset includes genes involved in phagosome maturation, superoxide production, response to vitamin D, macrophage chemotaxis, and sialic acid synthesis. We suggest that genetic variants that affect the function or regulation of these genes should be considered candidate loci for explaining TB susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Blischak
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Amy Mitrano
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang C, Li YY. Use of regulators and inhibitors of Pim-1, a serine/threonine kinase, for tumour therapy (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2051-60. [PMID: 24737044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pim-1 is a proto-oncogene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in a range of haematopoietic malignancies and solid cancers. Pim-1 expression is tightly regulated by multiple biomolecules at different levels. Several lines of evidence have indicated that dysregulation of Pim-1 can interfere with the cell cycle and apoptosis to promote malignant transformation of a number of types of tumour. Thus, investigation of Pim-1 regulation may provide important theoretical guidance for the development of molecular targeting therapies and drug treatments for Pim-1‑associated diseases. Regulators of Pim-1 expression, include microRNAs, oestrogen, inecalcitol, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mimetic inhibitors and ATP competitive inhibitors of Pim-1. Combinations of inhibitors of Pim-1 expression and Pim-1‑specific inhibitors may provide novel therapies for cancer patients and directions for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shaygannejad V, Tolou-Ghamari Z. What is the Real Fate of Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis? Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:S159-64. [PMID: 23776718 PMCID: PMC3678212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease (caused by both environmental and genetic features) that could results from a demyelination of the myelin sheath. Subsequently, it leads to many scars or lesions in different places within the central nervous system. The symptoms that occur depend on the site and rigorousness of the lesions and this is why people with MS experience different symptoms. Although, it is not clearly known that why people develop MS, research suggests that vitamin D plays a key role in preventing or repairing the damaged myelin. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D is a potent natural immune-regulator and has an anti-inflammatory action. Increased exposure to vitamin D may result in changed immunologic profiles or commotion that donates to MS risk. Vitamin D deficiency is caused by insufficient sunlight exposure or low dietary vitamin D3 intake. Recent studies have also indicated that, there are several polymorphisms for vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, but the effect of VDR gene polymorphisms on protein function of VDR and how exerts second signaling pathways in cells is still unknown. Therefore, this review focuses on vitamin D metabolism and genetic polymorphisms related to VDR and MS to better understand of discrepancies among patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shaygannejad
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Tolou-Ghamari
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Zahra Tolou-Ghamari, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nishi Y, Hatano S, Aihara K, Kihara M. [Significance of copper analysis in clinical tests]. Mol Nutr Food Res 1990; 60:119-33. [PMID: 2622002 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|