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Ren X, Shi Y, Xue Y, Xue J, Tian Y, Wang S, Zhang X. Seed Proteomic Profiles of Three Paeonia Varieties and Evaluation of Peony Seed Protein as a Food Product. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5271296. [PMID: 33274214 PMCID: PMC7695507 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5271296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peony (Paeonia) has high ornamental, edible, and medicinal values. In order to distinguish seeds varieties, describe the proteomic profiles correlated with stress tolerance, and evaluate peony seed protein (PSP) as a functional food product, we characterized the seed protein profiles of these three species and their glucosidase inhibition activities. Results showed that the intensity of protein bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and specific protein ID (especially for specifically expressed proteins (SEPs)) was effective to distinguish these peony seed varieties. Proteomic analysis of the three species showed that P. ostii "Fengdan" has heat and pathogen tolerance-related proteins, while P. rockii has higher content of proteins related to cold resistance, which were all highly consistent with their adaptation of heat or cold habitat. Moreover, stress-related proteins were also accumulated in P. lactiflora Pall "Hangshao" seeds, showing its potential for stress resistance. Further protein analysis showed that the primary composition of PSP was albumin and globulin. And the solubility of PSP was good. Furthermore, PSP also showed high glucosidase inhibition activity, indicating that PSP might have some potential function for the remission of hyperglycemia. And P. ostii "Fengdan" seeds may be a better source for protein production than seeds of the other two species in terms of protein solubility and the content of total protein, albumin, and globulin. In addition, an optimal protocol of microwave-assisted alkali extraction was developed to produce PSP. In conclusion, the evaluated stress-related proteins in three peony seed species by proteomic analysis quite agreed with their adaptation of heat or cold stress; proteomics could also be a very useful tool for distinguishing species in the production; and peony seeds may be a good source for protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yantong Shi
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
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Hu X, Peng Y, Ren X, Peng J, Nevo E, Ma W, Sun D. Allelic variation of low molecular weight glutenin subunits composition and the revealed genetic diversity in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf)). BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:524-535. [PMID: 30697113 PMCID: PMC6345234 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play an important role in determining the bread-making characteristics of dough in the end-use quality of wheat. In this study, A total of 149 worldwide-originated durum wheat were used to analyze the composition of LMW-GS using MALDI-TOF-MS. Based on the allelic variation of glutenin subunits, the genetic diversity was evaluated for the 149 durum wheat. Five types of alleles were identified at the Glu-A3 locus with Glu-A3e, Glu-A3a/c, Glu-A3f, Glu-A3d and Glu-A3b accounting for 43.0%, 16.1%, 12.8%, 10.1% and 7.4 % of the accessions, respectively. Five types of alleles were identified at the Glu-B3 locus: Glu-B3d (60.4%), Glu-B3b (6.0%), Glu-B3c (6.0%), Glu-B3h (2.7%) and Glu-B3f (0.7%). Two novel alleles encoding abnormal subunits 40500 Da and 41260 Da were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci, respectively. Further studies are needed to match these novel alleles to previously discovered novel alleles. Moreover, the genetic diversity analysis indicated that great genetic variation existed in durum wheat among encoding loci of glutenin subunits, released periods of varieties and different geographical origins. The results provide more important information of potential germplasm for the improvement of durum wheat and common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070, Hubei,
China
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University,
WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Yanchun Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070, Hubei,
China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070, Hubei,
China
| | - Junhua Peng
- Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd.,
Wuhan, 430075, Hubei,
China
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa,
Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905,
Israel
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University,
WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070, Hubei,
China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry,
Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei,
China
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Subburaj S, Luo N, Lu X, Li X, Cao H, Hu Y, Li J, Yan Y. Molecular characterization and evolutionary origins of farinin genes in Brachypodium distachyon L. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:287-303. [PMID: 26519166 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Farinins are one of the oldest members of the gluten family in wheat and Aegilops species, and they influence dough properties. Here, we performed the first detailed molecular genetic study on farinin genes in Brachypodium distachyon L., the model species for Triticum aestivum. A total of 51 b-type farinin genes were cloned and characterized, including 27 functional and 24 non-functional pseudogenes from 14 different B. distachyon accessions. All genes were highly similar to those previously reported from wheat and Aegilops species. The identification of deduced amino acid sequences showed that b-type farinins across Triticeae genomes could be classified as b1-, b2-, b3-, and b4-type farinins; however, B. distachyon had only b3- and b4-type farinins. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that farinin genes are transcribed into mRNA in B. distachyon at much lower levels than in Triticeae, despite the presence of cis-acting elements in promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Brachypodium farinins may have closer relationships with common wheat and further confirmed four different types of b-type farinins in Triticeae and Brachypodium genomes, corresponding to b1, b2, b3 (group 1), and b4 (group 2). A putative evolutionary origin model of farinin genes in Brachypodium, Triticum, and the related species suggests that all b-type farinins diverged from their common ancestor ~3.2 million years ago (MYA). The b3 and b4 types could be considered older in the farinin family. The results explain the loss of b1- and b2-type farinin alleles in Brachypodium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nana Luo
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yingkao Hu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), 434025, Jingzhou, China.
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Qin L, Liang Y, Yang D, Xia G, Liu S. Characterisation of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes from Pseudoroegneria spicata and Pd. strigosa. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:27-35. [PMID: 25099921 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterisation of nine novel low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes from two Pseudoroegneria species, Pd. spicata and Pd. strigosa. We found that all nine LMW-GS genes possess the same primary structure shared by other published LMW-GS. Five genes encode LMW-i type subunits, three encode LMW-m type subunits and one encodes a peptide similar to B-3 hordeins of Hordeum chilense. No LMW-s type subunit genes were found in Pseudoroegneria. One subunit, PSt24-LMW-2, contains six conserved cysteine residues, and the other eight subunits all contain eight cysteine residues. We show that one cysteine residue is located in the signal peptide of PSt24-LMW-1, suggesting a mature peptide containing only seven cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the LMW-GS genes from the St genome cluster together and suggests a distant relationship with LMW-GS of the A and B genomes of wheat. Slippage/unequal crossing over and illegitimate recombination are effective mechanisms for enriching variations of seed storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Chen G, Zhu J, Zhou J, Subburaj S, Zhang M, Han C, Hao P, Li X, Yan Y. Dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in Brachypodium distachyon: comparison with common wheat and Aegilops peregrina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:198. [PMID: 25095703 PMCID: PMC4256708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thorough understanding of seed starch biosynthesis and accumulation mechanisms is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. We conducted the first comprehensive study of the dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in Brachypodium distachyon and compared the findings with those reported for common wheat (Chinese Spring, CS) and Aegilops peregrina. RESULTS Only B-granules were identified in Brachypodium Bd21, and the shape variation and development of starch granules were similar in the B-granules of CS and Bd21. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the Bd21 starch synthesis-related genes were more similar to those in wheat than in rice. Early expression of key genes in Bd21 starch biosynthesis mediate starch synthesis in the pericarp; intermediate-stage expression increases the number and size of starch granules. In contrast, these enzymes in CS and Ae. peregrina were mostly expressed at intermediate stages, driving production of new B-granules and increasing the granule size, respectively. Immunogold labeling showed that granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI; related to amylose synthesis) was mainly present in starch granules: at lower levels in the B-granules of Bd21 than in CS. Furthermore, GBSSI was phosphorylated at threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 in the starch synthase catalytic domain in CS and Ae. peregrina, but neither site was phosphorylated in Bd21, suggesting GBSSI phosphorylation could improve amylose biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Bd21 contains only B-granules, and the expression of key genes in the three studied genera is consistent with the dynamic development of starch granules. GBSSI is present in greater amounts in the B-granules of CS than in Bd21; two phosphorylation sites (Thr183 and Tyr185) were found in Triticum and Aegilops; these sites were not phosphorylated in Bd21. GBSSI phosphorylation may reflect its importance in amylose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Chen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Jiantang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Han
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Pengchao Hao
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
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Cloning and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit alleles from Chinese wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.). ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:371045. [PMID: 24982945 PMCID: PMC4005046 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) are of great importance in processing quality and participate in the formation of polymers in wheat. In this study, eight new LMW-GS alleles were isolated from Chinese wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.) and designated as Glu-A3-1a, Glu-A3-1b, Glu-B3-1a, Glu-B3-1b, Glu-B3-1c, Glu-D3-1a, Glu-D3-1b, and Glu-D3-1c, which were located at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 loci, respectively. Based on the proteins encoded, the number of deduced amino acids of Glu-B3 alleles was approximately 50 more than those of Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 alleles. The first cysteine of Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 alleles was located at the N-terminal domain, while that of Glu-B3 alleles was found in the repetitive domain, which may lead to the different functioning in forming disulfide bonds. All the eight genes were LMW-m types and the new allele of Glu-B3-1a which had nine cysteine residues may be the desirable LMW-GS gene for improving bread-making quality.
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Molecular characterization and expression profiling of the protein disulfide isomerase gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94704. [PMID: 24747843 PMCID: PMC3991636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are involved in catalyzing protein disulfide bonding and isomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chaperone to inhibit the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Brachypodium distachyon is a widely used model plant for temperate grass species such as wheat and barley. In this work, we report the first molecular characterization, phylogenies, and expression profiles of PDI and PDI-like (PDIL) genes in B. distachyon in different tissues under various abiotic stresses. Eleven PDI and PDIL genes in the B. distachyon genome by in silico identification were evenly distributed across all five chromosomes. The plant PDI family has three conserved motifs that are involved in catalyzing protein disulfide bonding and isomerization, but a different exon/intron structural organization showed a high degree of structural differentiation. Two pairs of genes (BdPDIL4-1 and BdPDIL4-2; BdPDIL7-1 and BdPDIL7-2) contained segmental duplications, indicating each pair originated from one progenitor. Promoter analysis showed that Brachypodium PDI family members contained important cis-acting regulatory elements involved in seed storage protein synthesis and diverse stress response. All Brachypodium PDI genes investigated were ubiquitously expressed in different organs, but differentiation in expression levels among different genes and organs was clear. BdPDIL1-1 and BdPDIL5-1 were expressed abundantly in developing grains, suggesting that they have important roles in synthesis and accumulation of seed storage proteins. Diverse treatments (drought, salt, ABA, and H2O2) induced up- and down-regulated expression of Brachypodium PDI genes in seedling leaves. Interestingly, BdPDIL1-1 displayed significantly up-regulated expression following all abiotic stress treatments, indicating that it could be involved in multiple stress responses. Our results provide new insights into the structural and functional characteristics of the plant PDI gene family.
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Subburaj S, Chen G, Han C, Lv D, Li X, Zeller FJ, Hsam SLK, Yan Y. Molecular characterisation and evolution of HMW glutenin subunit genes in Brachypodium distachyon L. J Appl Genet 2013; 55:27-42. [PMID: 24306693 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-013-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon, a small wild grass within the Pooideae family, is a new model organism for exploring the functional genomics of cereal crops. It was shown to have close relationships to wheat, barley and rice. Here, we describe the molecular characterisation and evolutionary relationships of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) genes from B. distachyon. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses demonstrated that there was no HMW-GS expression in the Brachypodium grains due to the silencing of their encoding genes. Through allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) amplification and cloning, a total of 13 HMW-GS encoding genes from diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Brachypodium species were obtained, and all of them had typical structural features of y-type HMW-GS genes from common wheat and related species, particularly more similar to the 1Dy12 gene. However, the presence of an in-frame premature stop codon (TAG) at position 1521 in the coding region resulted in the conversion of all the genes to pseudogenes. Further, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that HMW-GS genes in B. distachyon displayed a similar trend, but with a low transcriptional expression profile during grain development due to the occurrence of the stop codon. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the highly conserved Glu-1-2 loci were presented in B. distachyon, which displayed close phylogenetic evolutionary relationships with Triticum and related species.
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The α-gliadin genes from Brachypodium distachyon L. provide evidence for a significant gap in the current genome assembly. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 14:149-60. [PMID: 24318766 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon, is a new model plant for most cereal crops while gliadin is a class of wheat storage proteins related with wheat quality attributes. In the published B. distachyon genome sequence databases, no gliadin gene is found. In the current study, a number of gliadin genes in B. distachyon were isolated, which is contradictory to the results of genome sequencing projects. In our study, the B. distachyon seeds were found to have no gliadin protein expression by gel electrophoresis, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and Western blotting analysis. However, Southern blotting revealed a presence of more than ten copies of α-gliadin coding genes in B. distachyon. By means of AS-PCR amplification, four novel full-ORF α-gliadin genes, and 26 pseudogenes with at least one stop codon as well as their promoter regions were cloned and sequenced from different Brachypodium accessions. Sequence analysis revealed a few of single-nucleotide polymorphisms among these genes. Most pseudogenes were resulted from a C to T change, leading to the generation of TAG or TAA in-frame stop codon. To compare both the full-ORFs and the pseudogenes among Triticum and Triticum-related species, their structural characteristics were analyzed. Based on the four T cell stimulatory toxic epitopes and two ployglutamine domains, Aegilops, Triticum, and Brachypodium species were found to be more closely related. The phylogenetic analysis further revealed that B. distachyon was more closely related to Aegilops tauschii, Aegilops umbellulata, and the A or D genome of Triticum aestivum. The α-gliadin genes were able to express successfully in E. coli using the functional T7 promoter. The relative and absolute quantification of the transcripts of α-gliadin genes in wheat was much higher than that in B. distachyon. The abundant pseudogenes may affect the transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional level of the α-gliadin in B. distachyon.
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