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Rao D, Venkataswamy MM, Vasanthapuram R, Satishchandra P, Desai A. Alteration of T Cell Phenotypes in HIV-Neurotuberculosis Coinfection. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 98:270-281. [PMID: 30450685 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotuberculosis is one of the commonest HIV associated opportunistic infections of the central nervous system in India. HIV-TB coinfection may lead to altered frequencies of T cells, thereby influencing the course and progression of the disease. METHODS We examined the frequencies of T cell subsets in HIV infected individuals with neurotuberculosis (HIV+nTB+) as compared to individuals with HIV associated systemic TB (HIV+sTB+), asymptomatic HIV (HIV+TB-), non-HIV neuro TB (HIV-nTB+), non-HIV systemic TB (HIV-sTB+), and healthy controls (HIV-TB-). Activation and senescence profiles of CD4 and CD8 T cells and memory subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS The significant observations among the T cell subsets in HIV+nTB+ were: (1) Naïve T cells: decreased CD4 T cells compared to HIV-sTB+ (P = 0.005); decreased CD8 T cells compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.007), (2) Memory T cells: expanded CD4 TEMRA cells compared to HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.003); expanded CD8 TEMRA cells compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.005), (3) Activated T cells: higher CD4 T cells compared to HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.004); higher CD8 T cells compared to HIV + TB-, HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.001), and (4) Senescent T cells: increased CD8 T cells compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- groups (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Increased activation compared to HIV+TB-, HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- groups and increased senescence compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- groups were observed in CD8 T cells in HIV+nTB+, suggesting that the frequencies of these T cell subsets are altered to a greater extent in these individuals. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepashri Rao
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Manjunatha M Venkataswamy
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - P Satishchandra
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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Siddiqui S, Sarro Y, Diarra B, Diallo H, Guindo O, Dabitao D, Tall M, Hammond A, Kassambara H, Goita D, Dembele P, Traore B, Hengel R, Nason M, Warfield J, Washington J, Polis M, Diallo S, Dao S, Koita O, Lane HC, Catalfamo M, Tounkara A. Tuberculosis specific responses following therapy for TB: Impact of HIV co-infection. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:1-12. [PMID: 25889622 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing perturbations in the immune response to tuberculosis in HIV can develop insights into the pathogenesis of coinfection. HIV+ TB+ and TB monoinfected (TB+) subjects recruited from clinics in Bamako prior to initiation of TB treatment were evaluated at time-points following initiation of therapy. Flow cytometry assessed CD4+/CD8+ T cell subsets and activation markers CD38/HLA-DR. Antigen specific responses to TB proteins were assessed by intracellular cytokine detection and proliferation. HIV+ TB+ subjects had significantly higher markers of immune activation in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to TB+ subjects. HIV+ TB+ had lower numbers of TB-specific CD4+ T cells at baseline. Plasma IFNγ levels were similar between HIV+ TB+ and TB+ subjects. No differences were observed in in-vitro proliferative capacity to TB antigens between HIV+ TB+ and TB+ subjects. Subjects with HIV+ TB+ coinfection demonstrate in vivo expansion of TB-specific CD4+ T cells. Immunodeficiency associated with CD4+ T cell depletion may be less significant compared to immunosuppression associated with HIV viremia or untreated TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siddiqui
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Y Sarro
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - B Diarra
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - H Diallo
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - O Guindo
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Dabitao
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Tall
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A Hammond
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - H Kassambara
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Goita
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - P Dembele
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - B Traore
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - R Hengel
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Nason
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Warfield
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Washington
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Polis
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Diallo
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Dao
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - O Koita
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - H C Lane
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Catalfamo
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A Tounkara
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rm 1167, Bldg. 6700B, Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Oswald-Richter KA, Beachboard DC, Zhan X, Gaskill CF, Abraham S, Jenkins C, Culver DA, Drake W. Multiple mycobacterial antigens are targets of the adaptive immune response in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2010; 11:161. [PMID: 21092305 PMCID: PMC2999599 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease for which the association with mycobacteria continues to strengthen. It is hypothesized that a single, poorly degradable antigen is responsible for sarcoidosis pathogenesis. Several reports from independent groups support mycobacterial antigens having a role in sarcoidosis pathogenesis. To identify other microbial targets of the adaptive immune response, we tested the ability of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to recognize multiple mycobacterial antigens. Methods Fifty-four subjects were enrolled in this study: 31 sarcoidosis patients, nine non-tuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) infection controls, and 14 PPD- controls. Using flow cytometry, we assessed for Th1 immune responses to ESAT-6, katG, Ag85A, sodA, and HSP. Results Alveolar T-cells from twenty-two of the 31 sarcoidosis patients produced a CD4+ response to at least one of ESAT-6, katG, Ag85A, sodA, or HSP, compared to two of 14 PPD- controls (p = 0.0008) and five of nine NTM controls (p = 0.44), while eighteen of the 31 sarcoidosis subjects tested produced a CD8+ response to at least one of the mycobacterial antigens compared to two of 14 PPD- controls (p = 0.009) and three of nine NTM controls (0.26). Not only did the BAL-derived T cells respond to multiple virulence factors, but also to multiple, distinct epitopes within a given protein. The detection of proliferation upon stimulation with the mycobacterial virulence factors demonstrates that these responses are initiated by antigen specific recognition. Conclusions Together these results reveal that antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responses to multiple mycobacterial epitopes are present within sites of active sarcoidosis involvement, and that these antigen-specific responses are present at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra A Oswald-Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA.
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Lahey T, Sheth S, Matee M, Arbeit R, Horsburgh CR, Mtei L, Mackenzie T, Bakari M, Vuola JM, Pallangyo K, von Reyn CF. Interferon γ responses to mycobacterial antigens protect against subsequent HIV-associated tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:1265-72. [PMID: 20812851 DOI: 10.1086/656332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular immune responses that protect against tuberculosis have not been identified. METHODS We assessed baseline interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) responses to antigen 85 (Ag85), early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT‐6), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell lysate (WCL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG)-immunized adults with CD4 cell counts of >or= 200 cells/μL who received placebo in the DarDar tuberculosis vaccine trial in Tanzania. Subjects were followed prospectively to diagnose definite or probable tuberculosis. RESULTS Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 92 of 979 subjects during a mean follow‐up of 3.2 years. The relative risk of tuberculosis among subjects with positive IFN‐γ responses to Ag85 was 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.99; P = .049), to ESAT‐6 was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.23-0.85; P = .004), and to WCL was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.49-0.88; P = .002). The relative risk of tuberculosis was not significantly associated with baseline LPA responses. In a multivariate Cox regression model, subjects with IFN‐γ responses to ESAT‐6 and WCL had a lower hazard of developing tuberculosis, with a hazard ratio for ESAT‐6 of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.16–0.77; P = .009) and a hazard ratio for WCL of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.16-0.56; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Baseline IFN‐γ responses to ESAT-6 and WCL were associated with protection from subsequent tuberculosis among HIV-infected subjects with childhood BCG immunization in a region of high tuberculosis prevalence. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00052195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lahey
- Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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