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Wang W, Li F, Wang J, Liu Z, Tian M, Wang Z, Li H, Qu J, Chen Y, Hou L. Disrupting Hedgehog signaling in melanocytes by SUFU knockout leads to ocular melanocytosis and anterior segment malformation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050210. [PMID: 37577930 PMCID: PMC10481947 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is well known for its crucial role during development, but its specific role in individual cell lineages is less well characterized. Here, we disrupted Hh signaling specifically in melanocytes by using Cre-mediated cell-type-specific knockout of the Hh regulator suppressor of fused (Sufu). Interestingly, corresponding mice were fully pigmented and showed no developmental alterations in melanocyte numbers or distribution in skin and hair follicles. However, there were ectopic melanoblasts visible in the anterior chamber of the eye that eventually displayed severe malformation. Choroidal melanocytes remained unaltered. Surprisingly, the abnormal accumulation of anterior uveal melanoblasts was not the result of increased cell proliferation but of increased migration to ectopic locations such as the cornea. In melanoblasts in vitro, Sufu knockdown replicated the increase in cell migration without affecting proliferation and was mediated by an increased level of phosphorylated-ERK brought about by a reduction in the levels of the repressor form of GLI3. These results highlight the developmental divergence of distinct melanocyte subpopulations and may shed light on the pathogenesis of human ocular melanocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zuimeng Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Meiyu Tian
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhenhang Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Ulhaq ZS, Nurputra DK, Soraya GV, Kurniawati S, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Tse WKF. A systematic review on Treacher Collins syndrome: Correlation between molecular genetic findings and clinical severity. Clin Genet 2023; 103:146-155. [PMID: 36203321 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS, OMIM: 154500) is a rare congenital craniofacial disorder that is caused by variants in the genes TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B. Studies on the association between phenotypic variability and their relative variants are very limited. This systematic review summarized the 53 literatures from PubMed and Scopus to explore the potential TCS genotype-phenotype correlations with statistical analysis. Studies reporting both complete molecular genetics and clinical data were included. We identified that the molecular anomaly within TCOF1 (88.71%) accounted for most TCS cases. The only true hot spot for TCOF1 was detected in exon 24, with recurrent c.4369_4373delAAGAA variant is identified. While the hot spot for POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B were identified in exons 3, 8, and 15, respectively. Our result suggested that the higher severity level was likely to be observed in Asian patients harboring TCOF1 variants rather than POLR1. Moreover, common 5-bp deletions tended to have a higher severity degree in comparison to any variants within exon 24 of TCOF1. In summary, this report suggested the relationship between genetic and clinical data in TCS. Our findings could be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis and further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Batu, Indonesia
| | | | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Siti Kurniawati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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The Role of TCOF1 Gene in Health and Disease: Beyond Treacher Collins Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052482. [PMID: 33804586 PMCID: PMC7957619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoli are membrane-less nuclear substructures that govern ribosome biogenesis and participate in multiple other cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, stress sensing, and DNA damage response. The proper functioning of these organelles is ensured by specific proteins that maintain nucleolar structure and mediate key nucleolar activities. Among all nucleolar proteins, treacle encoded by TCOF1 gene emerges as one of the most crucial regulators of cellular processes. TCOF1 was initially discovered as a gene involved in the Treacher Collins syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe craniofacial deformations. Later studies revealed that treacle regulates ribosome biogenesis, mitosis, proliferation, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Importantly, several reports indicate that treacle is also involved in cancer development, progression, and response to therapies, and may contribute to other pathologies such as Hirschsprung disease. In this manuscript, we comprehensively review the structure, function, and the regulation of TCOF1/treacle in physiological and pathological processes.
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Pan Z, Xu H, Chen B, Tian Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Liu D, Liu H, Li R, Hu X, Guan J, Tang W, Lu W. Treacher Collins syndrome: Clinical report and retrospective analysis of Chinese patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1573. [PMID: 33332773 PMCID: PMC8077114 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treacher Collins syndrome‐1 (TCS1; OMIM# 154500) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is defined by congenital craniofacial dysplasia. Here, we report four sporadic and one familial case of TCS1 in Chinese patients with clinical features presenting as hypoplasia of the zygomatic complex and mandible, downslanting palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower eyelids, and conductive hearing loss. Materials and Methods Audiological, radiological, and physical examinations were performed. Targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to examine the genetics of this disease in five probands, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the identified variants. A literature review discusses the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of TCS1. Results We identified a novel insertion of c.939_940insA (p.Gly314Argfs*35; NM_001135243.1), a novel deletion of c.1766delC (p.Pro589Leufs*7), two previously reported insertions of c.1999_2000insC (p.Arg667Profs*31) and c.4218_4219insG (p.Ser1407Valfs*23), and one previously reported deletion of c.4369_4373delAAGAA (p.Lys1457Glufs*12) in the TCOF1 gene. All five cases exhibited a degree of interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. A review of the literature revealed no clear evidence of a genotype–phenotype correlation in TCS1. Conclusion Our results expand the variant spectrum of TCOF1 and highlight that NGS is essential for the diagnosis of TCS and that genetic counseling is beneficial for guiding prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Applied Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongan Tian
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danhua Liu
- Center for Applied Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanfei Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Guan
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Applied Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Li X, Su Y, Huang S, Gao B, Zhang D, Wang X, Gao Q, Pang H, Zhao Y, Yuan Y, Dai P. Genotype-phenotype variability in Chinese cases of Treacher Collins syndrome. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:567-575. [PMID: 31107123 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2019.1612530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder of craniofacial development mainly caused by variants in TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C. Objectives: This study examined the causative genes of five TCS cases. Materials and Methods: In this study, two familial cases and three sporadic cases clinically diagonsed with TCS are described. Mutational analysis in probands was performed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Mutations identified by NGS were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results: A novel gross deletion (exons 9-13), a novel small deletion (c.381_382delAG), and two known deletions (c.4131_4135delAAAAG and c.2394_2395delAG) within TCOF1 as well as a known mutation (c.91C > T) in POLR1D were identified. These five cases exhibited high inter- and intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity. Conclusion: This is the first report of Chinese TCS cases caused by a gross deletion within TCOF1 and mutations in POLR1D. In addition to expanding the spectrum of TCS-associated mutation in the Chinese population, our findings present the diversity of its clinical presentation. It is recommended that analyses such as NGS or MLPA capable of detecting large deletions be undertaken as a part of TCS molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Hong Pang
- Department of Genetics, Shenyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Shenyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongyi Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Terrazas K, Dixon J, Trainor PA, Dixon MJ. Rare syndromes of the head and face: mandibulofacial and acrofacial dysostoses. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:10.1002/wdev.263. [PMID: 28186364 PMCID: PMC5400673 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies account for approximately one-third of all congenital birth defects reflecting the complexity of head and facial development. Craniofacial development is dependent upon a multipotent, migratory population of neural crest cells, which generate most of the bone and cartilage of the head and face. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of a specific array of craniofacial anomalies, termed facial dysostoses, which can be subdivided into mandibulofacial dysostosis, which present with craniofacial defects only, and acrofacial dysostosis, which encompasses both craniofacial and limb anomalies. In particular, we focus on Treacher Collins syndrome, Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati Type as well as Nager and Miller syndromes, and animal models that provide new insights into the molecular and cellular basis of these congenital syndromes. We emphasize the etiologic and pathogenetic similarities between these birth defects, specifically their unique deficiencies in global processes including ribosome biogenesis, DNA damage repair, and pre-mRNA splicing, all of which affect neural crest cell development and result in similar tissue-specific defects. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e263. doi: 10.1002/wdev.263 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Terrazas
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jill Dixon
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Michael J Dixon
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Treacher Collins syndrome: a clinical and molecular study based on a large series of patients. Genet Med 2015; 18:49-56. [PMID: 25790162 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treacher Collins/Franceschetti syndrome (TCS; OMIM 154500) is a disorder of craniofacial development belonging to the heterogeneous group of mandibulofacial dysostoses. TCS is classically characterized by bilateral mandibular and malar hypoplasia, downward-slanting palpebral fissures, and microtia. To date, three genes have been identified in TCS:,TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C. METHODS We report a clinical and extensive molecular study, including TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and EFTUD2 genes, in a series of 146 patients with TCS. Phenotype-genotype correlations were investigated for 19 clinical features, between TCOF1 and POLR1D, and the type of mutation or its localization in the TCOF1 gene. RESULTS We identified 92/146 patients (63%) with a molecular anomaly within TCOF1, 9/146 (6%) within POLR1D, and none within POLR1C. Among the atypical negative patients (with intellectual disability and/or microcephaly), we identified four patients carrying a mutation in EFTUD2 and two patients with 5q32 deletion encompassing TCOF1 and CAMK2A in particular. Congenital cardiac defects occurred more frequently among patients with TCOF1 mutation (7/92, 8%) than reported in the literature. CONCLUSION Even though TCOF1 and POLR1D were associated with extreme clinical variability, we found no phenotype-genotype correlation. In cases with a typical phenotype of TCS, 6/146 (4%) remained with an unidentified molecular defect.
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Nakhoul H, Ke J, Zhou X, Liao W, Zeng SX, Lu H. Ribosomopathies: mechanisms of disease. PLASMATOLOGY 2014; 7:7-16. [PMID: 25512719 PMCID: PMC4251057 DOI: 10.4137/cmbd.s16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomopathies are diseases caused by alterations in the structure or function of ribosomal components. Progress in our understanding of the role of the ribosome in translational and transcriptional regulation has clarified the mechanisms of the ribosomopathies and the relationship between ribosomal dysfunction and other diseases, especially cancer. This review aims to discuss these topics with updated information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nakhoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - Jiangwei Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, USA. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, USA
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Wang Y, Yin XJ, Han T, Peng W, Wu HL, Liu X, Feng ZC. A novel silent deletion, an insertion mutation and a nonsense mutation in the TCOF1 gene found in two Chinese cases of Treacher Collins syndrome. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:1237-40. [PMID: 24994558 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is the most common and well-known craniofacial disorder caused by mutations in the genes involved in pre-rRNA transcription, which include the TCOF1 gene. This study explored the role of TCOF1 mutations in Chinese patients with TCS. Mutational analysis of the TCOF1 gene was performed in three patients using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Among these three patients, two additional TCOF1 variations, a novel 18 bp deletion and a novel 1 bp insertion mutation, were found in patient 1, together with a novel nonsense mutation (p.Ser476X) and a previously reported 4 bp deletion (c.1872_1875delTGAG) in other patients. Pedigree analysis allowed for prediction of the character of the mutation, which was either pathological or not. The 18 bp deletion of six amino acids, Ser-Asp-Ser-Glu-Glu-Glu (798*803), which was located in the CKII phosphorylation site of treacle, seemed relatively benign for TCS. By contrast, another novel mutation of c.1072_1073insC (p.Gln358ProfsX23) was a frameshift mutation and expected to result in a premature stop codon. This study provides insights into the functional domain of treacle and illustrates the importance of clinical and family TCS screening for the interpretation of novel sequence alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- BaYi Children's Hospital of the General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China,
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Autosomal recessive POLR1D mutation with decrease of TCOF1 mRNA is responsible for Treacher Collins syndrome. Genet Med 2014; 16:720-4. [PMID: 24603435 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treacher Collins syndrome is a mandibulofacial dysostosis caused by mutations in genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and synthesis. TCOF1 mutations are observed in ~80% of the patients and are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Recently, two other genes have been reported in <2% of patients--POLR1D in patients with autosomal dominant inheritance, and POLR1C in patients with autosomal recessive inheritance. METHODS We performed direct sequencing of TCOF1, POLR1C, and POLR1D in two unrelated consanguineous families. RESULTS The four affected children shared the same homozygous mutation in POLR1D (c.163C>G, p.Leu55Val). This mutation is localized in a region encoding the dimerization domain of the RNA polymerase. It is supposed that this mutation impairs RNA polymerase, resulting in a lower amount of mature dimeric ribosomes. A functional analysis of the transcripts of TCOF1 by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed in the first family, demonstrating a 50% reduction in the index case, compatible with this hypothesis. CONCLUSION This is the first report of POLR1D mutation being responsible for an autosomal recessive inherited Treacher Collins syndrome. These results reinforce the concept of genetic heterogeneity of Treacher Collins syndrome and underline the importance of combining clinical expertise and familial molecular analyses for appropriate genetic counseling.
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Favaro F, Alvizi L, Zechi-Ceide R, Bertola D, Felix T, de Souza J, Raskin S, Twigg S, Weiner A, Armas P, Margarit E, Calcaterra N, Andersen G, McGowan S, Wilkie A, Richieri-Costa A, de Almeida M, Passos-Bueno M. A noncoding expansion in EIF4A3 causes Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome, a craniofacial disorder associated with limb defects. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:120-8. [PMID: 24360810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome is an autosomal-recessive acrofacial dysostosis characterized by mandibular median cleft associated with other craniofacial anomalies and severe limb defects. Learning and language disabilities are also prevalent. We mapped the mutated gene to a 122 kb region at 17q25.3 through identity-by-descent analysis in 17 genealogies. Sequencing strategies identified an expansion of a region with several repeats of 18- or 20-nucleotide motifs in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of EIF4A3, which contained from 14 to 16 repeats in the affected individuals and from 3 to 12 repeats in 520 healthy individuals. A missense substitution of a highly conserved residue likely to affect the interaction of eIF4AIII with the UPF3B subunit of the exon junction complex in trans with an expanded allele was found in an unrelated individual with an atypical presentation, thus expanding mutational mechanisms and phenotypic diversity of RCPS. EIF4A3 transcript abundance was reduced in both white blood cells and mesenchymal cells of RCPS-affected individuals as compared to controls. Notably, targeting the orthologous eif4a3 in zebrafish led to underdevelopment of several craniofacial cartilage and bone structures, in agreement with the craniofacial alterations seen in RCPS. Our data thus suggest that RCPS is caused by mutations in EIF4A3 and show that EIF4A3, a gene involved in RNA metabolism, plays a role in mandible, laryngeal, and limb morphogenesis.
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Bauer M, Saldarriaga W, Wolfe SA, Beckwith JB, Frias JL, Cohen MM. Two extraordinarily severe cases of Treacher Collins syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:445-52. [PMID: 23401420 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report two extraordinarily severe cases of Teacher Collins syndrome. Initially, amniotic bands and plical fold disruption were considered, but downslanting eyes made us consider severe Treacher Collins syndrome. A TCOF1 mutation in exon 24 was identified in Patient 1 (c.4355_4356ins14, resulting in p.1456Thrfs*18). Patient 2, who expired on day 4, is so similar to Patient 1 that severe Treacher Collins syndrome may be inferred in this instance. Neither the TCOF1 mutation nor the well-known variability in the expression in affected families with Treacher Collins syndrome (∼40% of reported cases) can explain the severity of these cases; otherwise, we would be aware of such cases within families from time to time. We are unaware of any recent sporadic cases (∼60% of reported cases) exactly like ours either with a single exception in the case reported by Writzl et al. [2008] with a TCOF1 mutation. The case described by Otto in 1841 is spectacular. We propose several hypotheses to be considered in explaining this developmental amplification, including some promoter effect on the gene, some position effect on the gene, a polymorphism elsewhere in the gene, a point mutation elsewhere in the gene, a polymorphism in another gene, or a point mutation in another gene, such as POLR1C (which maps to 6p21.1) or POLR1D (which maps to13q12.2). We also review the etiology and pathogenesis of Treacher Collins syndrome, and discuss several other severe cases from the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mislen Bauer
- Craniofacial Center, Miami Children's Hospital, Florida, USA
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Treacher Collins syndrome: clinical implications for the paediatrician--a new mutation in a severely affected newborn and comparison with three further patients with the same mutation, and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171:1611-8. [PMID: 22729243 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is the most common and well-known mandibulofacial dysostosis caused by mutations in at least three genes involved in pre-rRNA transcription, the TCOF1, POLR1D and POLR1C genes. We present a severely affected male individual with TCS with a heterozygous de novo frameshift mutation within the TCOF1 gene (c.790_791delAG,p.Ser264GlnfsX7) and compare the clinical findings with three previously unpublished, milder affected individuals from two families with the same mutation. We elucidate typical clinical features of TCS and its clinical implications for the paediatrician and mandibulofacial surgeon, especially in severely affected individuals and give a short review of the literature. CONCLUSION The clinical data of these three families illustrate that the phenotype associated with this specific mutation has a wide intra- and interfamilial variability, which confirms that variable expressivity in carriers of TCOF1 mutations is not a simple consequence of the mutation but might be modified by the combination of genetic, environmental and stochastic factors. Being such a highly complex disease treatment of individuals with TCS should be tailored to the specific needs of each individual, preferably by a multidisciplinary team consisting of paediatricians, craniofacial surgeons and geneticists.
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Wisniewski SA, Trzeciak WH. A rare heterozygous TRAF6 variant is associated with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1353-6. [PMID: 22296312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the genes encoding components of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-like pathway cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). It has been postulated that the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is also involved in this pathway. OBJECTIVES To investigate mutations in the TRAF6 gene in an individual with HED. METHODS Genetic analysis was performed on TRAF6 in a patient with HED, her parents, her sister and 150 ethnically matched, healthy individuals. RESULTS In the patient, sequencing analysis of one DNA strand revealed a deletion of eight nucleotides (c.1074-1081delCAATTTG) in the 5' fragment of the last exon of TRAF6, while no deletion was detected in the other DNA strand indicating a heterozygous mutation. No such sequence abnormality was detected in the patient's parents and her sister. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a heterozygous TRAF6 sequence variant associated with symptoms typical of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Wisniewski
- Faculty of Public Health WSPiA, 213-215, 28 Czerwca St, 61-485 Poznan, Poland
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Beygo J, Buiting K, Seland S, Lüdecke HJ, Hehr U, Lich C, Prager B, Lohmann DR, Wieczorek D. First Report of a Single Exon Deletion in TCOF1 Causing Treacher Collins Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2012; 2:53-59. [PMID: 22712005 DOI: 10.1159/000335545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare craniofacial disorder characterized by facial anomalies and ear defects. TCS is caused by mutations in the TCOF1 gene and follows autosomal dominant inheritance. Recently, mutations in the POLR1D and POLR1C genes have also been identified to cause TCS. However, in a subset of patients no causative mutation could be found yet. Inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability is high as is the variety of mainly family-specific mutations identified throughout TCOF1. No obvious correlation between pheno- and genotype could be observed. The majority of described point mutations, small insertions and deletions comprising only a few nucleotides within TCOF1 lead to a premature termination codon. We investigated a cohort of 112 patients with a tentative clinical diagnosis of TCS by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to search for larger deletions not detectable with other methods used. All patients were selected after negative screening for mutations in TCOF1, POLR1D and POLR1C. In 1 patient with an unequivocal clinical diagnosis of TCS, we identified a 3.367 kb deletion. This deletion abolishes exon 3 and is the first described single exon deletion within TCOF1. On RNA level we observed loss of this exon which supposedly leads to haploinsufficiency of TREACLE, the nucleolar phosphoprotein encoded by TCOF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beygo
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
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Bueno DF, Sunaga DY, Kobayashi GS, Aguena M, Raposo-Amaral CE, Masotti C, Cruz LA, Pearson PL, Passos-Bueno MR. Human stem cell cultures from cleft lip/palate patients show enrichment of transcripts involved in extracellular matrix modeling by comparison to controls. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:446-57. [PMID: 21052871 PMCID: PMC3073041 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disease resulting from failure of fusion of facial primordia, a complex developmental process that includes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Detection of differential gene transcription between NSCL/P patients and control individuals offers an interesting alternative for investigating pathways involved in disease manifestation. Here we compared the transcriptome of 6 dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) cultures from NSCL/P patients and 6 controls. Eighty-seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The most significant putative gene network comprised 13 out of 87 DEGs of which 8 encode extracellular proteins: ACAN, COL4A1, COL4A2, GDF15, IGF2, MMP1, MMP3 and PDGFa. Through clustering analyses we also observed that MMP3, ACAN, COL4A1 and COL4A2 exhibit co-regulated expression. Interestingly, it is known that MMP3 cleavages a wide range of extracellular proteins, including the collagens IV, V, IX, X, proteoglycans, fibronectin and laminin. It is also capable of activating other MMPs. Moreover, MMP3 had previously been associated with NSCL/P. The same general pattern was observed in a further sample, confirming involvement of synchronized gene expression patterns which differed between NSCL/P patients and controls. These results show the robustness of our methodology for the detection of differentially expressed genes using the RankProd method. In conclusion, DPSCs from NSCL/P patients exhibit gene expression signatures involving genes associated with mechanisms of extracellular matrix modeling and palate EMT processes which differ from those observed in controls. This comparative approach should lead to a more rapid identification of gene networks predisposing to this complex malformation syndrome than conventional gene mapping technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Franco Bueno
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniele Yumi Sunaga
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Meire Aguena
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Cibele Masotti
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Lucas Alvizi Cruz
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Peter Lees Pearson
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Brazil
- Depto. Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil
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