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Dedert C, Salih L, Xu F. Progranulin Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction through GSK3β Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1803. [PMID: 37443837 PMCID: PMC10340575 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes affects over 530 million individuals worldwide and contributes to a host of neurological pathologies. Uncontrolled high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) is a major factor in diabetic pathology, and glucose regulation is a common goal for maintenance in patients. We have found that the neuronal growth factor progranulin protects against hyperglycemic stress in neurons, and although its mechanism of action is uncertain, our findings identified Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) as being potentially involved in its effects. In this study, we treated mouse primary cortical neurons exposed to high-glucose conditions with progranulin and a selective pharmacological inhibitor of GSK3β before assessing neuronal health and function. Whole-cell and mitochondrial viability were both improved by progranulin under high-glucose stress in a GSK3β-dependent manner. This extended to autophagy flux, indicated by the expressions of autophagosome marker Light Chain 3B (LC3B) and lysosome marker Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 2A (LAMP2A), which were affected by progranulin and showed heterogeneous changes from GSK3β inhibition. Lastly, GSK3β inhibition attenuated downstream calcium signaling and neuronal firing effects due to acute progranulin treatment. These data indicate that GSK3β plays an important role in progranulin's neuroprotective effects under hyperglycemic stress and serves as a jumping-off point to explore progranulin's protective capabilities in other neurodegenerative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cass Dedert
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (C.D.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Lyuba Salih
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (C.D.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (C.D.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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Wang J, Guo L, Lv C, Zhou M, Wan Y. Developing mRNA signatures as a novel prognostic biomarker predicting high risk multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1105196. [PMID: 36910651 PMCID: PMC9995860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an essentially incurable disease. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for estimating prognosis in newly diagnosed MM based on gene expression profiles. Methods RNA-seq data were downloaded from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass Study and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to identify hub genes. Enrichment analysis was also conducted. Patients were randomly split into training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets to build a prognostic scoring model based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). CIBERSORT was applied to estimate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the microenvironment. Drug sensitivity was analyzed using the OncoPredict algorithm. Results A total of 860 newly diagnosed MM samples and 444 normal counterparts were screened as the datasets. WGCNA was applied to analyze the RNA-seq data of 1589 intersecting genes between differentially expressed genes and prognostic genes. The blue module in the PPI networks was analyzed with Cytoscape, and 10 hub genes were identified using the MCODE plug-in. A three-gene (TTK, GINS1, and NCAPG) prognostic model was constructed. This risk model showed remarkable prognostic value. CIBERSORT assessment revealed the risk model to be correlated with activated memory CD4 T cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, eosinophils, activated dendritic cells, and activated mast cells. Furthermore, based on OncoPredict, high-risk MM patients were sensitive to eight drugs. Conclusions We identified and constructed a three-gene-based prognostic model, which may provide new and in-depth insights into the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Lili Guo
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglan Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, United States
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A True Foe in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214133. [PMID: 36430630 PMCID: PMC9696080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in multiple normal and pathological cell functions, including cell signalling and metabolism. GSK-3β is highly expressed in the onset and progression of multiple cancers with strong involvement in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Multiple studies showed pro- and anti-cancer roles of GSK-3β creating confusion about the benefit of targeting GSK-3β for treating cancer. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of GSK-3β in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrate that the proposed anti-cancer roles of GSK-3β are not relevant to pancreatic cancer, and we argue why GSK-3β is, indeed, a very promising therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Wang X, He K, Ma L, Wu L, Yang Y, Li Y. Puerarin attenuates isoproterenol‑induced myocardial hypertrophy via inhibition of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:306. [PMID: 35946454 PMCID: PMC9437969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy (MH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which in turn lead to arrhythmia or heart failure. Therefore, attention must be paid to formulation of therapeutic strategies for MH. Puerarin is a key bioactive ingredient isolated from Pueraria genera of plants that is beneficial for the treatment of MH. However, its molecular mechanism of action has not been fully determined. In the present study, 40 µM puerarin was demonstrated to be a safe dose for human AC16 cells using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The protective effects of puerarin against MH were demonstrated in AC16 cells stimulated with isoproterenol (ISO). These effects were characterized by a significant decrease in surface area of cells (assessed using fluorescence staining) and mRNA and protein expression levels of MH‑associated biomarkers, including atrial and brain natriuretic peptide, assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting, as well as β‑myosin heavy chain mRNA expression levels. Mechanistically, western blotting demonstrated that puerarin inhibited activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Puerarin also significantly decreased phosphorylation of p65; this was mediated via crosstalk between the Wnt and NF‑κB signaling pathways. An inhibitor (Dickkopf‑1) and activator (IM‑12) of the Wnt signaling pathway were used to demonstrate that puerarin‑mediated effects alleviated ISO‑induced MH via the Wnt signaling pathway. The results of the present study demonstrated that puerarin pre‑treatment may be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing ISO‑induced MH and managing MH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Kai He
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Ma
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Fregnani A, Saggin L, Gianesin K, Quotti Tubi L, Carraro M, Barilà G, Scapinello G, Bonetto G, Pesavento M, Berno T, Branca A, Gurrieri C, Zambello R, Semenzato G, Trentin L, Manni S, Piazza F. CK1α/RUNX2 Axis in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174173. [PMID: 36077711 PMCID: PMC9454895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease for which novel therapeutic approaches targeting the malignant cells and the associated bone disease are urgently needed. CK1α is a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in the signaling network that sustains plasma cell (PC) survival and bone disease. This protein regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is fundamental for both MM cell survival and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we investigated its involvement in MM–MSC cross-talk. We found that, by lowering CK1α expression levels in co-cultures of MM and MSC cells, expression of RUNX2—the master regulator of osteogenic differentiation—was regulated differently in the two cell types. Our data suggest the possibility of using a specific CK1α inhibitor as part of a novel therapeutic approach to selectively kill malignant PCs and overcome the blocking of osteogenic differentiation induced by MM cells in MSCs. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell (PC) neoplasm, which also displays pathological bone involvement. Clonal expansion of MM cells in the bone marrow causes a perturbation of bone homeostasis that culminates in MM-associated bone disease (MMABD). We previously demonstrated that the S/T kinase CK1α sustains MM cell survival through the activation of AKT and β-catenin signaling. CK1α is a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade, the activation of which promotes osteogenesis by directly stimulating the expression of RUNX2, the master gene regulator of osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of CK1α in the osteoblastogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and its involvement in MM–MSC cross-talk. We found that CK1α silencing in in vitro co-cultures of MMs and MSCs modulated RUNX2 expression differently in PCs and in MSCs, mainly through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our findings suggest that the CK1α/RUNX2 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for constraining malignant PC expansion and supporting the osteoblastic transcriptional program of MSCs, with potential for ameliorating MMABD. Moreover, considering that Lenalidomide treatment leads to MM cell death through Ikaros, Aiolos and CK1α proteasomal degradation, we examined its effects on the osteoblastogenic potential of MSC compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fregnani
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Lara Saggin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Ketty Gianesin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Carraro
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bonetto
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pesavento
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Tamara Berno
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Branca
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.P.); Tel.: +39-049-7923263 (S.M. & F.P.); Fax: +39-049-7923250 (S.M. & F.P.)
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.P.); Tel.: +39-049-7923263 (S.M. & F.P.); Fax: +39-049-7923250 (S.M. & F.P.)
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Manni S, Pesavento M, Spinello Z, Saggin L, Arjomand A, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Scapinello G, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Trentin L, Piazza F. Protein Kinase CK2 represents a new target to boost Ibrutinib and Venetoclax induced cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935023. [PMID: 36035991 PMCID: PMC9403710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by frequent relapses. In the last decade, the pro-survival pathways related to BCR signaling and Bcl-2 have been considered rational therapeutic targets in B cell derived lymphomas. The BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib and the Bcl-2 inhibitor Venetoclax are emerging as effective drugs for MCL. However, primary and acquired resistance also to these agents may occur. Protein Kinase CK2 is a S/T kinase overexpressed in many solid and blood-derived tumours. CK2 promotes cancer cell growth and clonal expansion, sustaining pivotal survival signaling cascades, such as the ones dependent on AKT, NF-κB, STAT3 and others, counteracting apoptosis through a “non-oncogene” addiction mechanism. We previously showed that CK2 is overexpressed in MCL and regulates the levels of activating phosphorylation on S529 of the NF-κB family member p65/RelA. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CK2 inactivation on MCL cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis and this kinase’s involvement in the BCR and Bcl-2 related signaling. By employing CK2 loss of function MCL cell models, we demonstrated that CK2 sustains BCR signaling (such as BTK, NF-κB and AKT) and the Bcl-2-related Mcl-1 expression. CK2 inactivation enhanced Ibrutinib and Venetoclax-induced cytotoxicity. The demonstration of a CK2-dependent upregulation of pathways that may antagonize the effect of these drugs may offer a novel strategy to overcome primary and secondary resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Francesco Piazza,
| | - Maria Pesavento
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Lara Saggin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Arash Arjomand
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Francesco Piazza,
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Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111812. [PMID: 35681507 PMCID: PMC9180032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders.
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Karati D, Shaoo KK, Mahadik K, Kumr D. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors as a novel promising target in the treatment of cancer: Medicinal chemistry perspective. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Cenni V, Faenza I, Blalock WL. Revisiting the Role of GSK3, A Modulator of Innate Immunity, in Idiopathic Inclusion Body Myositis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113255. [PMID: 34831477 PMCID: PMC8625526 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic or sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the leading age-related (onset >50 years of age) autoimmune muscular pathology, resulting in significant debilitation in affected individuals. Once viewed as primarily a degenerative disorder, it is now evident that much like several other neuro-muscular degenerative disorders, IBM has a major autoinflammatory component resulting in chronic inflammation-induced muscle destruction. Thus, IBM is now considered primarily an inflammatory pathology. To date, there is no effective treatment for sporadic inclusion body myositis, and little is understood about the pathology at the molecular level, which would offer the best hopes of at least slowing down the degenerative process. Among the previously examined potential molecular players in IBM is glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, whose role in promoting TAU phosphorylation and inclusion bodies in Alzheimer’s disease is well known. This review looks to re-examine the role of GSK3 in IBM, not strictly as a promoter of TAU and Abeta inclusions, but as a novel player in the innate immune system, discussing some of the recent roles discovered for this well-studied kinase in inflammatory-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Piazzi
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche and Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - William L. Blalock
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Manni S, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Spinello Z, Carraro M, Scapinello G, Visentin A, Barilà G, Pizzi M, Dei Tos AP, Vianello F, Zambello R, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Trentin L, Piazza F. Protein Kinase CK1α Sustains B-Cell Receptor Signaling in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733848. [PMID: 34722279 PMCID: PMC8551451 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is still an incurable B-cell malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and frequent relapses. B Cell Receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors, in particular of the kinases BTK and PI3Kγ/δ, have demonstrated clinically meaningful anti-proliferative effects in B cell tumors. However, refractoriness to these drugs may develop, portending a dismal prognosis. Protein kinase CK1α is an emerging pro-growth enzyme in B cell malignancies. In multiple myeloma, this kinase sustains β-catenin and AKT-dependent survival and is involved in the activation of NF-κB in B cells. In this study, we analyzed the role of CK1α on MCL cell survival and proliferation, on the regulation of BCR-related BTK, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT signaling cascades and the effects of CK1α chemical inhibition or gene silencing in association with the BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib or the PI3Kγ/δ inhibitor Duvelisib. CK1α was found highly expressed in MCL cells as compared to normal B cells. The inactivation/loss of CK1α caused MCL cell apoptosis and proliferation arrest. CK1α sustained BCR signaling, in particular the NF-κB, AKT and BTK pathways by modulating the phosphorylation of Ser 652 on CARD11, Ser 536 p65 on NF-κB, Ser 473 on AKT, Tyr 223 on BTK, as well as the protein levels. We also provided evidence that CK1α-mediated regulation of CARD11 and BTK likely implicates a physical interaction. The combination of CK1α inhibition with Ibrutinib or Duvelisib synergistically increased cytotoxicity, leading to a further decrease of the activation of BCR signaling pathways. Therefore, CK1α sustains MCL growth through the regulation of BCR-linked survival signaling cascades and protects from Ibrutinib/Duvelisib-induced apoptosis. Thus, CK1α could be considered as a rational molecular target for the treatment of MCL, in association with novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Carraro
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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11
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Yuan Y, Guo M, Gu C, Yang Y. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma (review). Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:9932-9949. [PMID: 34650674 PMCID: PMC8507016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory hematological malignancy characterized by aberrant accumulation of plasma cells. Patients with MM are susceptible to becoming resistant to chemotherapy, eventually leading to relapse. Progression of MM is largely dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment. Stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment secrete Wnt ligands to activate Wnt signaling in MM, which is mediated through the transcription regulator β-catenin. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin pathway encourages osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, dysregulation of which is responsible for proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. As a result, direct inhibition or silencing of β-catenin or associated genes in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been proposed to be an effective therapeutic anti-MM strategy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in MM remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we summarized research advances on the specific genes and molecular biology process of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in tumorigenesis of MM, as well as the interaction with bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of drugs or small molecule inhibitors acting on Wnt/β-catenin pathway and targeting MM were introduced. This review intends to provide an overview of theoretical supports for novel Wnt/β-catenin pathway based treatment strategies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Yuan
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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12
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AKT signaling restrains tumor suppressive functions of FOXO transcription factors and GSK3 kinase in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4151-4164. [PMID: 32898245 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositide-3 kinases and the downstream mediator AKT drive survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. AKT signaling is active in MM and has pleiotropic effects; however, the key molecular aspects of AKT dependency in MM are not fully clear. Among the various downstream AKT targets are the Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (TFs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which are negatively regulated by AKT signaling. Here we show that abrogation of AKT signaling in MM cells provokes cell death and cell cycle arrest, which crucially depends on both FOXO TFs and GSK3. Based on gene expression profiling, we defined a FOXO-repressed gene set that has prognostic significance in a large cohort of patients with MM, indicating that AKT-mediated gene activation is associated with inferior overall survival. We further show that AKT signaling stabilizes the antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) protein by inhibiting FOXO- and GSK3-mediated MCL1 turnover. In concordance, abrogation of AKT signaling greatly sensitized MM cells for an MCL1-targeting BH3-mimetic, which is currently in clinical development. Taken together, our results indicate that AKT activity is required to restrain the tumor-suppressive functions of FOXO and GSK3, thereby stabilizing the antiapoptotic protein MCL1 in MM. These novel insights into the role of AKT in MM pathogenesis and MCL1 regulation provide opportunities to improve targeted therapy for patients with MM.
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13
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GSK3α: An Important Paralog in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121683. [PMID: 33339170 PMCID: PMC7765659 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is fulfilled by two paralogs named GSK3α and GSK3β, which possess both redundancy and specific functions. The upregulated activity of these proteins is linked to the development of disorders such as neurodegenerative disorders (ND) and cancer. Although various chemical inhibitors of these enzymes restore the brain functions in models of ND such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and reduce the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, the particular contribution of each paralog to these effects remains unclear as these molecules downregulate the activity of both paralogs with a similar efficacy. Moreover, given that GSK3 paralogs phosphorylate more than 100 substrates, the simultaneous inhibition of both enzymes has detrimental effects during long-term inhibition. Although the GSK3β kinase function has usually been taken as the global GSK3 activity, in the last few years, a growing interest in the study of GSK3α has emerged because several studies have recognized it as the main GSK3 paralog involved in a variety of diseases. This review summarizes the current biological evidence on the role of GSK3α in AD and various types of cancer. We also provide a discussion on some strategies that may lead to the design of the paralog-specific inhibition of GSK3α.
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14
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He R, Du S, Lei T, Xie X, Wang Y. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2373-2385. [PMID: 33125126 PMCID: PMC7610307 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK 3β), a multifunctional serine and threonine kinase, plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, including signaling transduction, protein and glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant regulation of GSK 3β results in a broad range of human diseases, such as tumors, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that GSK 3β is correlated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, GSK 3β is controversial due to its bifacial roles of tumor suppression and activation. In addition, overexpression of GSK 3β is involved in tumor growth, whereas it contributes to the cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis remain obscure and require further in‑depth investigation. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the roles of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy, and focus on its potentials as an available target in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Union, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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15
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Taylor A, Rudd CE. Commentary: Small Molecule Inhibition of PD-1 Transcription is an Effective Alternative to Antibody Blockade in Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:9-12. [PMID: 31111120 PMCID: PMC6525092 DOI: 10.29245/2578-3009/2019/1.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, LEEDS LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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16
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Jin Y, Xu L, Wu X, Feng J, Shu M, Gu H, Gao G, Zhang J, Dong B, Chen X. Synergistic Efficacy of the Demethylation Agent Decitabine in Combination With the Protease Inhibitor Bortezomib for Treating Multiple Myeloma Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Oncol Res 2019; 27:729-737. [PMID: 30837032 PMCID: PMC7848415 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15443011011637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Bortezomib (BZM), the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor, has significant antimyeloma activity and prolongs the median survival of MM patients. However, MM remains incurable predominantly due to acquired drug resistance and disease relapse. β-Catenin, a key effector protein in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in regulating myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM. Decitabine (DAC) is an epigenetic modulating agent that induces tumor suppressor gene reexpression based on its gene-specific DNA hypomethylation. DAC has been implicated in modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the demethylation of the Wnt/β-catenin antagonists sFRP and DKK. In this study, we report the effects of single reagent DAC therapy and DAC combined with BZM on β-catenin accumulation, myeloma cell survival, apoptosis, and treatment sensitivity. Our study proved that DAC demethylated and induced the reexpression of the Wnt antagonists sFRP3 and DKK1. DAC also reduced GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation and decreased β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, which were induced by BZM. Thus, the transcription of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and LEF/TCF was reduced, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced BZM-induced apoptosis, and promoted BZM-induced cell cycle arrest in myeloma cells. In summary, these results indicated that DAC could synergistically enhance myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM at least partly by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results can be used to optimize therapeutic regimens for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Jin
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mimi Shu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Gu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Baoxia Dong
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiequn Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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17
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Small Molecule Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:225-233. [PMID: 31576552 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has proved successful in the immunotherapeutic treatment of various human cancers. Despite its success, most patients are still not cured while immunogenic cold cancers are still poorly responsive. There is a need for novel clinical interventions in immunotherapy, either alone or in conjunction with ICB. Here, we outline our recent discovery that the intracellular signaling kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a central regulator of PD-1 in T-cells. We demonstrate the application of small molecule inhibitor (SMI) approaches to down-regulate PD-1 in tumor immunotherapy. GSK-3 SMIs were found as effective as anti-PD-1 in the elimination of melanoma in mouse models. We propose the development of novel SMIs to target co-receptors for the future of immunotherapy.
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18
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Abdul AURM, De Silva B, Gary RK. The GSK3 kinase inhibitor lithium produces unexpected hyperphosphorylation of β-catenin, a GSK3 substrate, in human glioblastoma cells. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.030874. [PMID: 29212798 PMCID: PMC5829510 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium salt is a classic glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor. Beryllium is a structurally related inhibitor that is more potent but relatively uncharacterized. This study examined the effects of these inhibitors on the phosphorylation of endogenous GSK3 substrates. In NIH-3T3 cells, both salts caused a decrease in phosphorylated glycogen synthase, as expected. GSK3 inhibitors produce enhanced phosphorylation of Ser9 of GSK3β via a positive feedback mechanism, and both salts elicited this enhancement. Another GSK3 substrate is β-catenin, which has a central role in Wnt signaling. In A172 human glioblastoma cells, lithium treatment caused a surprising increase in phospho-Ser33/Ser37-β-catenin, which was quantified using an antibody-coupled capillary electrophoresis method. The β-catenin hyperphosphorylation was unaffected by p53 RNAi knockdown, indicating that p53 is not involved in the mechanism of this response. Lithium caused a decrease in the abundance of axin, a component of the β-catenin destruction complex that has a role in coordinating β-catenin ubiquitination and protein turnover. The axin and phospho-β-catenin results were reproduced in U251 and U87MG glioblastoma cell lines. These observations run contrary to the conventional view of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, in which a GSK3 inhibitor would be expected to decrease, not increase, phospho-β-catenin levels. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: GSK3 inhibitors have potential use against Alzheimer's disease and other conditions. In this study, a classic inhibitor produced unexpected molecular effects on key components of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhagya De Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Ronald K Gary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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20
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Taylor A, Rothstein D, Rudd CE. Small-Molecule Inhibition of PD-1 Transcription Is an Effective Alternative to Antibody Blockade in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2017; 78:706-717. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Manni S, Carrino M, Manzoni M, Gianesin K, Nunes SC, Costacurta M, Tubi LQ, Macaccaro P, Taiana E, Cabrelle A, Barilà G, Martines A, Zambello R, Bonaldi L, Trentin L, Neri A, Semenzato G, Piazza F. Inactivation of CK1α in multiple myeloma empowers drug cytotoxicity by affecting AKT and β-catenin survival signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14604-14619. [PMID: 28099937 PMCID: PMC5362429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that protein kinase CK1α may support the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells. Here, by analyzing a large cohort of MM cases, we found that high CK1α mRNA levels are virtually associated with all MM patients. Moreover, we provided functional evidence that CK1α activity is essential for malignant plasma cell survival even in the protective niche generated by co-cultures with bone marrow stromal cells. We demonstrated that CK1α inactivation, while toxic for myeloma cells, is dispensable for the survival of healthy B lymphocytes and stromal cells. Disruption of CK1α function in myeloma cells resulted in decreased Mdm2, increased p53 and p21 and reduced expression of β-catenin and AKT. These effects were mediated partially by p53 and caspase activity. Finally, we discovered that CK1α inactivation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of both bortezomib and lenalidomide. Overall, our study supports a role for CK1α as a potential therapeutic target in MM in combination with proteasome inhibitors and/or immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Carrino
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Manzoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Ketty Gianesin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Canovas Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Costacurta
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Macaccaro
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Cabrelle
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Martines
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS- Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Bonaldi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS- Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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22
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Agostinelli C, Carloni S, Limarzi F, Righi S, Laginestra MA, Musuraca G, Fiorentino M, Napolitano R, Cuneo A, Vergara D, Zinzani PL, Sabattini E, Pileri SA, De Matteis S. The emerging role of GSK-3β in the pathobiology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Histopathology 2017; 71:72-80. [PMID: 28208230 DOI: 10.1111/his.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in glycogen metabolism, cell cycle progression, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, metabolism, survival and cellular senescence. Its main biological function is to inhibit β-catenin by sequestration and promotion of its proteasomal degradation in the Wnt canonical pathway; however, GSK-3β interacts with multiple signalling pathways, and aberrant expression of the enzyme was reported in many solid neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the biological relevance of GSK-3β in classical Hodgkin lymphomas (cHL). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the functional status of GSK-3β enzyme in cHL by using antibodies raised against fixation-resistant epitopes of phospho Y216 GSK-3β (active form), phospho S9 GSK-3β (inactive form) and β-catenin protein. We first detected the pY216 GSK-3β active form of the enzyme in 100 of 100 (100%) of the cases, and in line with the latter expression profile, the β-catenin protein was found in only 12 of 100 (12%) of the samples. As reported previously in bladder cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, we showed an aberrant nuclear localization in the neoplastic clone of active pY216 GSK-3β in 78 of 100 (78%) of cHL cases. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the activation of GSK-3β in cHL resulting in inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signal cascade and the aberrant accumulation of its activated form in nuclei of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells. These findings may be relevant for future clinical studies, identifying GSK-3β as a potential therapeutic target for cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Agostinelli
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Limarzi
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Righi
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Laginestra
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerardo Musuraca
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Service, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S-Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, 'Giovanni Paolo II' Hospital, ASL-Lecce, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Hemathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Professor Alma Mater Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.,Hematopathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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de Blas E, Estañ MC, Del Carmen Gómez de Frutos M, Ramos J, Del Carmen Boyano-Adánez M, Aller P. Selected polyphenols potentiate the apoptotic efficacy of glycolytic inhibitors in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Regulation by protein kinase activities. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:70. [PMID: 27610044 PMCID: PMC5015235 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is a safe, potentially useful anti-tumour drug, but its efficacy is normally low when used alone. Recent studies indicated that 2-DG stimulates the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK defensive pathways, which limits the apoptotic efficacy in tumour cell lines. We hypothesized that co-treatment with selected polyphenols could improve 2-DG-provoked apoptosis by preventing defensive kinase activation. Methods Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting or the MTT assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis and necrosis were determined by propidium iodide staining and/or annexin V labeling followed by flow cytometry. Mitochondria pore transition and depolarization were determined by calcein-ATM or rhodamine 123 labeling followed flow cytometry. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and GSH were determined by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate or monochlorobimane labeling followed by flow cytometry or fluorimetry. Expression and phosphorylation of protein kinases were analyzed by the Western blot. Results (i) 2-DG-provoked apoptosis was greatly potentiated by co-treatment with the sub-lethal concentrations of the flavonoid quercetin in human HL60 acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Allowing for quantitative differences, apoptosis potentiation was also obtained using NB4 promyelocytic and THP-1 promonocytic cells, using curcumin or genistein instead of quercetin, and using lonidamine instead of 2-DG, but not when 2-DG was substituted by incubation in glucose-free medium. (ii) Quercetin and 2-DG rapidly elicited the opening of mitochondria pore transition, which preceded the trigger of apoptosis. (iii) Treatments did not affect GSH levels, and caused disparate effects on reactive oxygen species generation, which did not match the changes in lethality. (iv) 2-DG and lonidamine stimulated defensive Akt and ERK phosphorylation/activation, while glucose starvation was ineffective. Polyphenols prevented the stimulation of Akt phosphorylation, and in some cases also ERK phosphorylation. In addition, quercetin and 2-DG stimulated GSK-3α,β phosphorylation/inactivation, although with different isoform specificity. The use of pharmacologic inhibitors confirmed the importance of these kinase modifications for apoptosis. Conclusions The present in vitro observations suggest that co-treatment with low concentrations of selected polyphenols might represent a manner of improving the poor anti-tumour efficacy of some glycolytic inhibitors, and that apoptosis potentiation may be at least in part explained by the regulation of defensive protein kinase activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-016-0345-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de Blas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cristina Estañ
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Gómez de Frutos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Boyano-Adánez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Aller
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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NKG2D and DNAM-1 Ligands: Molecular Targets for NK Cell-Mediated Immunotherapeutic Intervention in Multiple Myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:178698. [PMID: 26161387 PMCID: PMC4486747 DOI: 10.1155/2015/178698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A pivotal strategy to improve NK cell-mediated antitumor activity involves the upregulation of activating ligands on tumor cells. Enhancement of NK cell-mediated recognition of multiple myeloma cells was reported by us and others showing increased surface expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands on tumor cells following treatment with a number of chemotherapeutic agents, such as genotoxic drugs or inhibitors of proteasome, histone deacetylases, GSK3, and HSP-90. These compounds have the capability to affect tumor survival but also to activate specific transduction pathways associated with the upregulation of different NK cell activating ligands on the tumor cells. Here, we will summarize and discuss the molecular pathways whereby these drugs can regulate the expression of NK cell activating ligands in multiple myeloma cells.
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25
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Bertrand FE, Davis NM, Sokolosky M, Abrams SL, Montalto G, D'Assoro AB, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Maestro R, Basecke J, Rakus D, Gizak A, Demidenko ZN, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Cervello M. GSK-3 as potential target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2881-911. [PMID: 24931005 PMCID: PMC4102778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified and studied in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK-3 functions in a wide range of cellular processes. Aberrant activity of GSK-3 has been implicated in many human pathologies including: bipolar depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and others. In some cases, suppression of GSK-3 activity by phosphorylation by Akt and other kinases has been associated with cancer progression. In these cases, GSK-3 has tumor suppressor functions. In other cases, GSK-3 has been associated with tumor progression by stabilizing components of the beta-catenin complex. In these situations, GSK-3 has oncogenic properties. While many inhibitors to GSK-3 have been developed, their use remains controversial because of the ambiguous role of GSK-3 in cancer development. In this review, we will focus on the diverse roles that GSK-3 plays in various human cancers, in particular in solid tumors. Recently, GSK-3 has also been implicated in the generation of cancer stem cells in various cell types. We will also discuss how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Wnt/beta-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858 USA
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26
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Grassilli E, Ianzano L, Bonomo S, Missaglia C, Cerrito MG, Giovannoni R, Masiero L, Lavitrano M. GSK3A is redundant with GSK3B in modulating drug resistance and chemotherapy-induced necroptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100947. [PMID: 24984063 PMCID: PMC4077702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 alpha (GSK3A) and beta (GSK3B) isoforms are encoded by distinct genes, are 98% identical within their kinase domain and perform similar functions in several settings; however, they are not completely redundant and, depending on the cell type and differentiative status, they also play unique roles. We recently identified a role for GSK3B in drug resistance by demonstrating that its inhibition enables necroptosis in response to chemotherapy in p53-null drug-resistant colon carcinoma cells. We report here that, similarly to GSK3B, also GSK3A silencing/inhibition does not affect cell proliferation or cell cycle but only abolishes growth after treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapy. In particular, blocking GSK3A impairs DNA repair upon exposure to DNA-damaging drugs. As a consequence, p53-null cells overcome their inability to undergo apoptosis and mount a necroptotic response, characterized by absence of caspase activation and RIP1-independent, PARP-dependent AIF nuclear re-localization. We therefore conclude that GSK3A is redundant with GSK3B in regulating drug-resistance and chemotherapy-induced necroptosis and suggest that inhibition of only one isoform, or rather partial inhibition of overall cellular GSK3 activity, is enough to re-sensitize drug-resistant cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Grassilli
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
- BiOnSil srl, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail: (EG); (ML)
| | - Leonarda Ianzano
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Bonomo
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
| | - Carola Missaglia
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Masiero
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, Medical School, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail: (EG); (ML)
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Wang H, Zheng S, Tu Y, Zhang Y. [Screening and identification of novel drug-resistant genes in CD133+ and CD133- lung adenosarcoma cells using cDNA microarray]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 17:437-43. [PMID: 24949682 PMCID: PMC6000102 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 肿瘤干细胞可能是肿瘤多药耐药的主要原因,CD133是目前较为公认的肿瘤干细胞标记物。本研究旨在应用功能分类基因芯片筛选CD133+和CD133-肺腺癌细胞中差异表达的肿瘤耐药基因,寻求新的肺癌耐药相关基因。 方法 免疫磁珠分选法分选A549细胞,采用功能分类基因芯片筛选CD133+和CD133-肺腺癌细胞中差异表达的肿瘤耐药基因,并使用RT-qPCR验证。顺铂半数有效抑制浓度(half inhibiting concentration, IC50)、阿霉素IC50作用A549细胞48 h后,RT-qPCR检测肿瘤耐药基因CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1、GSK3α、PPARα和PPARβ/δ的表达变化。 结果 共筛查出31个差异表达的肿瘤耐药基因,与CD133-细胞相比,CD133+细胞有30个基因表达上调,1个基因表达下调。RT-qPCR结果与芯片一致。A549细胞经1.97 μg/mL顺铂或0.61 μg/mL阿霉素作用48 h后,CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1、GSK3α、PPARα和PPARβ/δ等肿瘤耐药基因表达上调。 结论 利用功能分类基因芯片筛选出31个可能与CD133+肺腺癌细胞耐药相关的基因,其中CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1、GSK3α、PPARα和PPARβ/δ为新发现的肺癌耐药相关基因。
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Shaoqiu Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yongsheng Tu
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Nekova TS, Dotterweich J, Schütze N, Einsele H, Stuhler G. Small molecule enhancers of rapamycin induce apoptosis in myeloma cells via GSK3A/B preferentially within a protective bone marrow microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:272-4. [PMID: 24916065 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Nekova
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Julius-Maximilians University, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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29
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Manni S, Brancalion A, Mandato E, Tubi LQ, Colpo A, Pizzi M, Cappellesso R, Zaffino F, Di Maggio SA, Cabrelle A, Marino F, Zambello R, Trentin L, Adami F, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Piazza F. Protein kinase CK2 inhibition down modulates the NF-κB and STAT3 survival pathways, enhances the cellular proteotoxic stress and synergistically boosts the cytotoxic effect of bortezomib on multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75280. [PMID: 24086494 PMCID: PMC3785505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a pivotal pro-survival protein kinase in multiple myeloma that may likely impinge on bortezomib-regulated cellular pathways. In the present study, we investigated CK2 expression in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, two bortezomib-responsive B cell tumors, as well as its involvement in bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity and signaling cascades potentially mediating bortezomib resistance. In both tumors, CK2 expression correlated with that of its activated targets NF-κB and STAT3 transcription factors. Bortezomib-induced proliferation arrest and apoptosis were significantly amplified by the simultaneous inhibition of CK2 with two inhibitors (CX-4945 and K27) in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, in a model of multiple myeloma bone marrow microenvironment and in cells isolated from patients. CK2 inhibition empowered bortezomib-triggered mitochondrial-dependent cell death. Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 on Ser529 (a CK2 target site) and rise of the levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase/endoribonuclease Ire1α were markedly reduced upon CK2 inhibition, as were STAT3 phospho Ser727 levels. On the contrary, CK2 inhibition increased phospho Ser51 eIF2α levels and enhanced the bortezomib-dependent accumulation of poly-ubiquitylated proteins and of the proteotoxic stress-associated chaperone Hsp70. Our data suggest that CK2 over expression in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma cells might sustain survival signaling cascades and can antagonize bortezomib-induced apoptosis at different levels. CK2 inhibitors could be useful in bortezomib-based combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brancalion
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mandato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Colpo
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fortunato Zaffino
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Cabrelle
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Marino
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Fausto Adami
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (FP); (GS)
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (FP); (GS)
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Multifaceted roles of GSK-3 and Wnt/β-catenin in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Leukemia 2013; 28:15-33. [PMID: 23778311 PMCID: PMC3887408 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is well documented to participate in a complex array of critical cellular processes. It was initially identified in rat skeletal muscle as a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. This versatile protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that influence metabolism, embryogenesis, differentiation, migration, cell cycle progression and survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been implicated in leukemia stem cell pathophysiology and may be an appropriate target for its eradication. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis as how this pivotal kinase can interact with multiple signaling pathways such as: Wnt/β-catenin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Notch and others. Moreover, we will discuss how targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways can improve leukemia therapy and may overcome therapeutic resistance. In summary, GSK-3 is a crucial regulatory kinase interacting with multiple pathways to control various physiological processes, as well as leukemia stem cells, leukemia progression and therapeutic resistance. GSK-3 and Wnt are clearly intriguing therapeutic targets.
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Fionda C, Malgarini G, Soriani A, Zingoni A, Cecere F, Iannitto ML, Ricciardi MR, Federico V, Petrucci MT, Santoni A, Cippitelli M. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 increases NKG2D ligand MICA expression and sensitivity to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cells: role of STAT3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6662-72. [PMID: 23686482 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of NKG2D and DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) receptors on lymphocytes plays an important role for anticancer response and represents an interesting therapeutic target for pharmacological modulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibitors targeting the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) on the expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. GSK3 is a pleiotropic serine-threonine kinase point of convergence of numerous cell-signaling pathways, able to regulate the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, including MM. We found that inhibition of GSK3 upregulates both MICA protein surface and mRNA expression in MM cells, with little or no effects on the basal expression of the MICB and DNAM-1 ligand poliovirus receptor/CD155. Moreover, exposure to GSK3 inhibitors renders myeloma cells more efficient to activate NK cell degranulation and to enhance the ability of myeloma cells to trigger NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We could exclude that increased expression of β-catenin or activation of the heat shock factor-1 (transcription factors inhibited by active GSK3) is involved in the upregulation of MICA expression, by using RNA interference or viral transduction of constitutive active forms. On the contrary, inhibition of GSK3 correlated with a downregulation of STAT3 activation, a negative regulator of MICA transcription. Both Tyr(705) phosphorylation and binding of STAT3 on MICA promoter are reduced by GSK3 inhibitors; in addition, overexpression of a constitutively active form of STAT3 significantly inhibits MICA upregulation. Thus, we provide evidence that regulation of the NKG2D-ligand MICA expression may represent an additional immune-mediated mechanism supporting the antimyeloma activity of GSK3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation-Pasteur Institute, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Piazza F, Manni S, Semenzato G. Novel players in multiple myeloma pathogenesis: role of protein kinases CK2 and GSK3. Leuk Res 2012; 37:221-7. [PMID: 23174190 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, which causes a significant morbidity due to organ damage and bone tissue destruction. In recent years, novel drugs have become available for MM therapy thanks to a more deepened knowledge of this disease's pathogenesis. The perspective of employing targeted therapies has considerably changed the expectations on the clinical outcome for patients affected by this malignancy and among the targetable molecules identified for MM therapy are several protein kinases, which have been proven to play relevant roles in supporting malignant plasma cell growth by regulating critical signaling cascades and by sustaining oncogenic mechanisms. Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) are two multifaceted serine-threonine kinases whose task in the pathogenesis of malignant cell growth is increasingly emerging both in solid and blood tumors. In hematologic malignancies, CK2 and GSK3 have been shown to play an oncogenic function in chronic and acute leukemias as well as in MM. They have been demonstrated to act by impinging on pivotal signaling pathways that control malignant clone growth. We will herein briefly review the more recent advancements on the role of these two kinases in regulating the NF-κB, STAT3 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in MM and discuss the rationale of using small selective inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy to hamper the growth of malignant plasma cells or to improve the MM-associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piazza
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Laboratory, Hematologic Malignancies Unit, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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Darrington RS, Campa VM, Walker MM, Bengoa-Vergniory N, Gorrono-Etxebarria I, Uysal-Onganer P, Kawano Y, Waxman J, Kypta RM. Distinct expression and activity of GSK-3α and GSK-3β in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E872-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Manni S, Brancalion A, Tubi LQ, Colpo A, Pavan L, Cabrelle A, Ave E, Zaffino F, Di Maira G, Ruzzene M, Adami F, Zambello R, Pitari MR, Tassone P, Pinna LA, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Piazza F. Protein kinase CK2 protects multiple myeloma cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis and from the cytotoxic effect of HSP90 inhibition through regulation of the unfolded protein response. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:1888-900. [PMID: 22351691 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein kinase CK2 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth by regulating critical signaling pathways. CK2 also modulates proper HSP90-dependent client protein folding and maturation by phosphorylating its co-chaperone CDC37. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) is central in myeloma pathogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that the CK2/CDC37/HSP90 axis could be involved in UPR in myeloma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed CK2 activity upon ER stress, the effects of its inactivation on the UPR pathways and on ER stress-induced apoptosis. The consequences of CK2 plus HSP90 inhibition on myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo and CK2 regulation of HSP90-triggered UPR were determined. RESULTS CK2 partly localized to the ER and ER stress triggered its kinase activity. CK2 inhibition reduced the levels of the ER stress sensors IRE1α and BIP/GRP78, increased phosphorylation of PERK and EIF2α, and enhanced ER stress-induced apoptosis. Simultaneous inactivation of CK2 and HSP90 resulted in a synergic anti-myeloma effect (combination index = 0.291) and in much stronger alterations of the UPR pathways as compared with the single inhibition of the two molecules. Cytotoxicity from HSP90 and CK2 targeting was present in a myeloma microenvironment model, on plasma cells from patients with myeloma and in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, CK2 inhibition led to a reduction of IRE1α/HSP90/CDC37 complexes in multiple myeloma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results place CK2 as a novel regulator of the ER stress/UPR cascades and HSP90 function in myeloma cells and offer the groundwork to design novel combination treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
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Banerji V, Frumm SM, Ross KN, Li LS, Schinzel AC, Hahn CK, Kakoza RM, Chow KT, Ross L, Alexe G, Tolliday N, Inguilizian H, Galinsky I, Stone RM, DeAngelo DJ, Roti G, Aster JC, Hahn WC, Kung AL, Stegmaier K. The intersection of genetic and chemical genomic screens identifies GSK-3α as a target in human acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:935-47. [PMID: 22326953 DOI: 10.1172/jci46465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults. Long-term survival of patients with AML has changed little over the past decade, necessitating the identification and validation of new AML targets. Integration of genomic approaches with small-molecule and genetically based high-throughput screening holds the promise of improved discovery of candidate targets for cancer therapy. Here, we identified a role for glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK-3α) in AML by performing 2 independent small-molecule library screens and an shRNA screen for perturbations that induced a differentiation expression signature in AML cells. GSK-3 is a serine-threonine kinase involved in diverse cellular processes, including differentiation, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation. We demonstrated that specific loss of GSK-3α induced differentiation in AML by multiple measurements, including induction of gene expression signatures, morphological changes, and cell surface markers consistent with myeloid maturation. GSK-3α-specific suppression also led to impaired growth and proliferation in vitro, induction of apoptosis, loss of colony formation in methylcellulose, and anti-AML activity in vivo. Although the role of GSK-3β has been well studied in cancer development, these studies support a role for GSK-3α in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versha Banerji
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston 02215, Massachusetts, USA
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