1
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Yu X, Teng Y, Jiang X, Yuan H, Jiang W. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Pattern of Cancer Stem Cells in Esophageal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820983793. [PMID: 33357046 PMCID: PMC7768320 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820983793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the main cause of cancer recurrence and metastasis, and DNA methylation is involved in the maintenance of CSCs. However, the methylation profile of esophageal CSCs remains unknown. METHODS Side population (SP) cells were isolated from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines KYSE150 and EC109. Sphere-forming cells were collected from human primary esophageal cancer cells. SP cells and sphere-forming cells were used as substitutes for cancer stem-like cells. We investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation profile in esophageal cancer stem-like cells using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). RESULTS Methylated cytosine (mC) was found mostly in CpG dinucleotides, located mostly in the intronic, intergenic, and exonic regions. Forty intersected differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified in these 3 groups of samples. Thirteen differentially methylated genes with the same alteration trend were detected; these included OTX1, SPACA1, CD163L1, ST8SIA2, TECR, CADM3, GRM1, LRRK1, CHSY1, PROKR2, LINC00658, LOC100506688, and NKD2. DMRs covering ST8SIA2 and GRM1 were located in exons. These differentially methylated genes were involved in 10 categories of biological processes and 3 cell signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS When compared to non-CSCs, cancer stem-like cells have a differential methylation status, which provides an important biological base for understanding esophageal CSCs and developing therapeutic targets for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hosipital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingran Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Akbar MW, Isbilen M, Belder N, Canli SD, Kucukkaraduman B, Turk C, Sahin O, Gure AO. A Stemness and EMT Based Gene Expression Signature Identifies Phenotypic Plasticity and is A Predictive but Not Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:949-961. [PMID: 31949498 PMCID: PMC6959010 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer results in variation in morphology, metastatic potential and response to therapy. We previously showed that breast cancer cell line sub-groups obtained by a clustering approach using highly variable genes overlapped almost completely with sub-groups generated by a drug cytotoxicity-profile based approach. Two distinct cell populations thus identified were CSC(cancer stem cell)-like and non-CSC-like. In this study we asked whether an mRNA based gene signature identifying these two cell types would explain variation in stemness, EMT, drug sensitivity, and prognosis in silico and in vitro. Main methods:In silico analyses were performed using publicly available cell line and patient tumor datasets. In vitro analyses of phenotypic plasticity and drug responsiveness were obtained using human breast cancer cell lines. Key findings: We find a novel gene list (CNCL) that can generate both categorical and continuous variables corresponding to the stemness/EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) state of tumors. We are presenting a novel robust gene signature that unites previous observations related either to EMT or stemness in breast cancer. We show in silico, that this signature perfectly predicts behavior of tumor cells tested in vitro, and can reflect tumor plasticity. We thus demonstrate for the first time, that breast cancer subtypes are sensitive to either Lapatinib or Midostaurin. The same gene list is not capable of predicting prognosis in most cohorts, except for one that includes patients receiving neo-adjuvant taxene therapy. Significance: CNCL is a robust gene list that can identify both stemness and the EMT state of cell lines and tumors. It can be used to trace tumor cells during the course of phenotypic changes they undergo, that result in altered responses to therapeutic agents. The fact that such a list cannot be used to identify prognosis in most patient cohorts suggests that presence of factors other than stemness and EMT affect mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Isbilen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,DNAFect Genetics Consulting R&D and Biotechnology Inc., Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nevin Belder
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Demirkol Canli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Molecular Pathology Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baris Kucukkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Turk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Čipak Gašparović A, Milković L, Dandachi N, Stanzer S, Pezdirc I, Vrančić J, Šitić S, Suppan C, Balic M. Chronic Oxidative Stress Promotes Molecular Changes Associated with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, NRF2, and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E633. [PMID: 31835715 PMCID: PMC6943739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in carcinogenesis, but it also contributes to the modulation of tumor cells and microenvironment caused by chemotherapeutics. One of the consequences of oxidative stress is lipid peroxidation, which can, through reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), affect cell signaling pathways. On the other hand, cancer stem cells (CSC) are now recognized as a major factor of malignancy by causing metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. Here, we evaluated whether oxidative stress and HNE modulation of the microenvironment can influence CSC growth, modifications of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, the antioxidant system, and the frequency of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Our results showed that oxidative changes in the microenvironment of BCSC and particularly chronic oxidative stress caused changes in the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, changes associated with EMT, increase in glutathione (GSH) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were observed in breast cancer cells grown on HNE pretreated collagen and under chronic oxidative stress. Our results suggest that chronic oxidative stress can be a bidirectional modulator of BCSC fate. Low levels of HNE can increase differentiation markers in BCSC, while higher levels increased GSH and NRF2 as well as certain EMT markers, thereby increasing therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lidija Milković
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Iskra Pezdirc
- Outhospital Emergency Medicine Department of Krapina Zagorje County, HR-49000 Krapina, Croatia;
| | - Josip Vrančić
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sanda Šitić
- Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, University Hospital for Tumors, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Christoph Suppan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Marija Balic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
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4
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Giordano A, Liu Y, Armeson K, Park Y, Ridinger M, Erlander M, Reuben J, Britten C, Kappler C, Yeh E, Ethier S. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibition synergizes with taxanes in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224420. [PMID: 31751384 PMCID: PMC6872222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within triple negative breast cancer, several molecular subtypes have been identified, underlying the heterogeneity of such an aggressive disease. The basal-like subtype is characterized by mutations in the TP53 gene, and is associated with a low pathologic complete response rate following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In a genome-scale short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen of breast cancer cells, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was a frequent and strong hit in the basal breast cancer cell lines indicating its importance for growth and survival of these breast cancer cells. Plk1 regulates progression of cells through the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. We assessed the activity of two ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors, GSK461364 and onvansertib, alone and with a taxane in a set of triple negative breast cancer cell lines and in vivo. GSK461364 showed synergism with docetaxel in SUM149 (Combination Index 0.70) and SUM159 (CI, 0.62). GSK461364 in combination with docetaxel decreased the clonogenic potential (interaction test for SUM149 and SUM159, p<0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and the tumorsphere formation of SUM149 and SUM159 (interaction test, p = 0.01 and p< 0.001). In the SUM159 xenograft model, onvansertib plus paclitaxel significantly decreased tumor volume compared to single agent paclitaxel (p<0.0001). Inhibition of Plk1 in combination with taxanes shows promising results in a subset of triple negative breast cancer intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy. Onvansertib showed significant tumor volume shrinkage when combined with paclitaxel in vivo and should be considered in clinical trials for the treatment of triple negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yeonhee Park
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maya Ridinger
- Trovagene Oncology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Erlander
- Trovagene Oncology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - James Reuben
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Britten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christiana Kappler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Stephen Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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5
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Bhatia S, Monkman J, Blick T, Pinto C, Waltham M, Nagaraj SH, Thompson EW. Interrogation of Phenotypic Plasticity between Epithelial and Mesenchymal States in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E893. [PMID: 31234417 PMCID: PMC6617164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interconversions between transitional epithelial and mesenchymal states underpin the epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) seen in some carcinoma cell systems. We have delineated epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations existing within the PMC42-LA breast cancer cell line by their EpCAM expression. These purified but phenotypically plastic states, EpCAMHigh (epithelial) and EpCAMLow (mesenchymal), have the ability to regain the phenotypic equilibrium of the parental population (i.e., 80% epithelial and 20% mesenchymal) over time, although the rate of reversion in the mesenchymal direction (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT) is higher than that in the epithelial direction (mesenchymal-epithelial transition; MET). Single-cell clonal propagation was implemented to delineate the molecular and cellular features of this intrinsic heterogeneity with respect to EMP flux. The dynamics of the phenotypic proportions of epithelial and mesenchymal states in single-cell generated clones revealed clonal diversity and intrinsic plasticity. Single cell-derived clonal progenies displayed differences in their functional attributes of proliferation, stemness marker (CD44/CD24), migration, invasion and chemo-sensitivity. Interrogation of genomic copy number variations (CNV) with whole exome sequencing (WES) in the context of chromosome count from metaphase spread indicated that chromosomal instability was not influential in driving intrinsic phenotypic plasticity. Overall, these findings reveal the stochastic nature of both the epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations, and the single cell-derived clones for differential functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biological/Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - James Monkman
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biological/Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Tony Blick
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biological/Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Cletus Pinto
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Mark Waltham
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biological/Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biological/Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
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6
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Taniguchi H, Suzuki Y, Natori Y. The Evolving Landscape of Cancer Stem Cells and Ways to Overcome Cancer Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040532. [PMID: 31013960 PMCID: PMC6520864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with therapeutic resistance and plasticity can be found in various types of tumors and are recognized as attractive targets for treatments. As CSCs are derived from tissue stem or progenitor cells, and/or dedifferentiated mature cells, their signal transduction pathways are critical in the regulation of CSCs; chronic inflammation causes the accumulation of genetic mutations and aberrant epigenetic changes in these cells, potentially leading to the production of CSCs. However, the nature of CSCs appears to be stronger than the treatments of the past. To improve the treatments targeting CSCs, it is important to inhibit several molecules on the signaling cascades in CSCs simultaneously, and to overcome cancer heterogeneity caused by the plasticity. To select suitable target molecules for CSCs, we have to explore the landscape of CSCs from the perspective of cancer stemness and signaling systems, based on the curated databases of cancer-related genes. We have been studying the integration of a broad range of knowledge and experiences from cancer biology, and also from other interdisciplinary basic sciences. In this review, we have introduced the concept of developing novel strategies targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan.
- Clinical and Translational Research Center Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Clinical and Translational Research Center Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yukikazu Natori
- BioThinkTank Co. Ltd. 4-10-1-E1706 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0012, Japan.
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7
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Wu YS, Lee ZY, Chuah LH, Mai CW, Ngai SC. Epigenetics in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Its Regulation and Implications in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutics. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:82-100. [PMID: 29714144 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180430130248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment regimen, the high incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) deaths is mostly caused by metastasis. Recently, the aberrant epigenetic modifications, which involve DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA (miRNA) regulations become attractive targets to treat metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this review, the epigenetic alterations of DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA regulations in regulating MBC are discussed. The preclinical and clinical trials of epigenetic drugs such as the inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTi) and the inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDACi), as a single or combined regimen with other epigenetic drug or standard chemotherapy drug to treat MBCs are discussed. The combined regimen of epigenetic drugs or with standard chemotherapy drugs enhance the therapeutic effect against MBC. Evidences that epigenetic changes could have implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics for MBC are also presented. Several genes have been identified as potential epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets for MBC. Endeavors in clinical trials of epigenetic drugs against MBC should be continued although limited success has been achieved. Future discovery of epigenetic drugs from natural resources would be an attractive natural treatment regimen for MBC. Further research is warranted in translating research into clinical practice with the ultimate goal of treating MBC by epigenetic therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhong Yang Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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9
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Yu B, Gu D, Zhang X, Li J, Liu B, Xie J. GLI1-mediated regulation of side population is responsible for drug resistance in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27412-27427. [PMID: 28404967 PMCID: PMC5432345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy is frequently used for gastric cancer treatment. Most patients with advanced gastric cancer eventually succumb to the disease despite some patients responded initially to chemotherapy. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse following chemotherapy will help design new ways to treat gastric cancer. In this study, we revealed that the residual cancer cells following treatment with chemotherapeutic reagent cisplatin have elevated expression of hedgehog target genes GLI1, GLI2 and PTCH1, suggestive of hedgehog signaling activation. We showed that GLI1 knockdown sensitized gastric cancer cells to CDDP whereas ectopic GLI1 expression decreased the sensitivity. Further analyses indicate elevated GLI1 expression is associated with an increase in tumor sphere formation, side population and cell surface markers for putative cancer stem cells. We have evidence to support that GLI1 is critical for maintenance of putative cancer stem cells through direct regulation of ABCG2. In fact, GLI1 protein was shown to be associated with the promoter fragment of ABCG2 through a Gli-binding consensus site in gastric cancer cells. Disruption of ABCG2 function, through ectopic expression of an ABCG2 dominant negative construct or a specific ABCG2 inhibitor, increased drug sensitivity of cancer cells both in culture and in mice. The relevance of our studies to gastric cancer patient care is reflected by our discovery that high ABCG2 expression was associated with poor survival in the gastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. Taken together, we have identified a molecular mechanism by which gastric cancer cells gain chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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10
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Kim YG, Yoon YN, Choi HS, Kim JH, Seol H, Lee JK, Seong MK, Park IC, Kim KI, Kim HA, Kim JS, Noh WC. Breast cancer stem cells in HER2-negative breast cancer cells contribute to HER2-mediated radioresistance and molecular subtype conversion: clinical implications for serum HER2 in recurrent HER2-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5811-5822. [PMID: 29464036 PMCID: PMC5814176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been proposed that the beneficial effect of HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-negative breast cancer is associated with the molecular subtype conversion, the underlying mechanism and the clinical biomarkers are unclear. Our study showed that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) mediated HER2 subtype conversion and radioresistance in HER2-negative breast cancer cells and evaluated serum HER2 as a clinical biomarker for HER2 subtype conversion. We found that the CD44+/CD24–/low BCSCs from HER2-negative breast cancer MCF7 cells overexpressed HER2 and EGFR and showed the radioresistant phenotype. In addition, we showed that trastuzumab treatment sensitized the radioresistant phenotype of the CD44+/CD24–/low cells with decreased levels of HER2 and EGFR, which suggested that HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-negative breast cancer could be useful for targeting BCSCs that overexpress HER2/EGFR. Importantly, our clinical data showed that serial serum HER2 measurement synchronously reflected the disease relapse and the change in tumor burden in some patients who were initially diagnosed as HER2-negative breast cancer, which indicated that serum HER2 could be a clinical biomarker for the evaluation of HER2 subtype conversion in patients with recurrent HER2-negative breast cancer. Therefore, our data have provided in vitro and in vivo evidence for the molecular subtype conversion of HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gyoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yi Na Yoon
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang Suk Choi
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesil Seol
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Mathis RA, Sokol ES, Gupta PB. Cancer cells exhibit clonal diversity in phenotypic plasticity. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.160283. [PMID: 28202626 PMCID: PMC5356442 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity in cancers is associated with invasive progression and drug resistance. This heterogeneity arises in part from the ability of cancer cells to switch between phenotypic states, but the dynamics of this cellular plasticity remain poorly understood. Here we apply DNA barcodes to quantify and track phenotypic plasticity across hundreds of clones in a population of cancer cells exhibiting epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation phenotypes. We find that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell ratio is highly variable across the different clones in cancer cell populations, but remains stable for many generations within the progeny of any single clone—with a heritability of 0.89. To estimate the effects of combination therapies on phenotypically heterogeneous tumours, we generated quantitative simulations incorporating empirical data from our barcoding experiments. These analyses indicated that combination therapies which alternate between epithelial- and mesenchymal-specific treatments eventually select for clones with increased phenotypic plasticity. However, this selection could be minimized by increasing the frequency of alternation between treatments, identifying designs that may minimize selection for increased phenotypic plasticity. These findings establish new insights into phenotypic plasticity in cancer, and suggest design principles for optimizing the effectiveness of combination therapies for phenotypically heterogeneous tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Austin Mathis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ethan S Sokol
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Piyush B Gupta
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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12
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Lynam-Lennon N, Heavey S, Sommerville G, Bibby BAS, Ffrench B, Quinn J, Gasch C, O'Leary JJ, Gallagher MF, Reynolds JV, Maher SG. MicroRNA-17 is downregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma cancer stem-like cells and promotes a radioresistant phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11400-11413. [PMID: 28002789 PMCID: PMC5355274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) remains a critical barrier to the effective treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a distinct subpopulation of cells implicated in the resistance of tumors to anti-cancer therapy. However, their role in the resistance of EAC to CRT is largely unknown. In this study, using a novel in vitro isogenic model of radioresistant EAC, we demonstrate that radioresistant EAC cells have enhanced tumorigenicity in vivo, increased expression of CSC-associated markers and enhanced holoclone forming ability. Further investigation identified a subpopulation of cells that are characterised by high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, enhanced radioresistance and decreased expression of miR-17-5p. In vitro, miR-17-5p was demonstrated to significantly sensitise radioresistant cells to X-ray radiation and promoted the repression of genes with miR-17-5p binding sites, such as C6orf120. In vivo, miR-17-5p was significantly decreased, whilst C6orf120 was significantly increased, in pre-treatment EAC tumour samples from patients who demonstrated a poor response to neoadjuvant CRT. This study sheds novel insights into the role of CSCs in the resistance of EAC to CRT and highlights miR-17-5p as a potential biomarker of CRT sensitivity and novel therapeutic target in treatment resistant EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Susan Heavey
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Gary Sommerville
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Becky A S Bibby
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Ffrench
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Quinn
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Claudia Gasch
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen G Maher
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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13
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Tiran V, Lindenmann J, Brcic L, Heitzer E, Stanzer S, Tabrizi-Wizsy NG, Stacher E, Stoeger H, Popper HH, Balic M, Dandachi N. Primary patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma cell culture challenges the association of cancer stem cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10040. [PMID: 28855609 PMCID: PMC5577216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) models have been closely associated and used to describe both the formation of metastasis and therapy resistance. We established a primary lung cell culture from a patient in a clinically rare and unique situation of primary resistant disease. This culture consisted of two biologically profoundly distinct adenocarcinoma cell subpopulations, which differed phenotypically and genotypically. One subpopulation initiated and sustained in spheroid cell culture (LT22s) whereas the other subpopulation was only capable of growth and proliferation under adherent conditions (LT22a). In contrast to our expectations, LT22s were strongly associated with the epithelial phenotype, and expressed additionally CSC markers ALDH1 and CD133, whereas the LT22a was characterized as mesenchymal with lack of CSC markers. The LT22s cells also demonstrated an invasive behavior and mimicked gland formation. Finally, LT22s were more resistant to Cisplatin than LT22a cells. We demonstrate a primary lung adenocarcinoma cell culture derived from a patient with resistant disease, with epithelial aggressive subpopulation of cells associated with stem cell features and therapy resistance. Our findings challenge the current model associating CSC and disease resistance mainly to mesenchymal cells and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tiran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Elvira Stacher
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut H Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Tiran V, Stanzer S, Heitzer E, Meilinger M, Rossmann C, Lax S, Tsybrovskyy O, Dandachi N, Balic M. Genetic profiling of putative breast cancer stem cells from malignant pleural effusions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175223. [PMID: 28423035 PMCID: PMC5396869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A common symptom during late stage breast cancer disease is pleural effusion, which is related to poor prognosis. Malignant cells can be detected in pleural effusions indicating metastatic spread from the primary tumor site. Pleural effusions have been shown to be a useful source for studying metastasis and for isolating cells with putative cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. For the present study, pleural effusion aspirates from 17 metastatic breast cancer patients were processed to propagate CSCs in vitro. Patient-derived aspirates were cultured under sphere forming conditions and isolated primary cultures were further sorted for cancer stem cell subpopulations ALDH1+ and CD44+CD24-/low. Additionally, sphere forming efficiency of CSC and non-CSC subpopulations was determined. In order to genetically characterize the different tumor subpopulations, DNA was isolated from pleural effusions before and after cell sorting, and compared with corresponding DNA copy number profiles from primary tumors or bone metastasis using low-coverage whole genome sequencing (SCNA-seq). In general, unsorted cells had a higher potential to form spheres when compared to CSC subpopulations. In most cases, cell sorting did not yield sufficient cells for copy number analysis. A total of five from nine analyzed unsorted pleura samples (55%) showed aberrant copy number profiles similar to the respective primary tumor. However, most sorted subpopulations showed a balanced profile indicating an insufficient amount of tumor cells and low sensitivity of the sequencing method. Finally, we were able to establish a long term cell culture from one pleural effusion sample, which was characterized in detail. In conclusion, we confirm that pleural effusions are a suitable source for enrichment of putative CSC. However, sequencing based molecular characterization is impeded due to insufficient sensitivity along with a high number of normal contaminating cells, which are masking genetic alterations of rare cancer (stem) cells.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/diagnosis
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/genetics
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/metabolism
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prospective Studies
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Meilinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Second Internal Division of Pulmonology, Otto Wagner Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Rossmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Institute of Pathology, LKH Graz West, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nadia Dandachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (ND); (MB)
| | - Marija Balic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (ND); (MB)
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15
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The EpiTect Methyl qPCR Assay as novel age estimation method in forensic biology. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 264:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Abdel-Hafiz HA, Horwitz KB. Role of epigenetic modifications in luminal breast cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:847-62. [PMID: 25689414 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancers represent approximately 75% of cases. Explanations into the causes of endocrine resistance are complex and are generally ascribed to genomic mechanisms. Recently, attention has been drawn to the role of epigenetic modifications in hormone resistance. We review these here. Epigenetic modifications are reversible, heritable and include changes in DNA methylation patterns, modification of histones and altered microRNA expression levels that target the receptors or their signaling pathways. Large-scale analyses indicate distinct epigenomic profiles that distinguish breast cancers from normal and benign tissues. Taking advantage of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, drugs that target epigenetic modifiers, given in combination with chemotherapies or endocrine therapies, may represent promising approaches to restoration of therapy responsiveness in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn B Horwitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Shim Y, Song JM. Spectral overlap-free quantum dot-based determination of benzo[a]pyrene-induced cancer stem cells by concurrent monitoring of CD44, CD24 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:2118-21. [PMID: 25536409 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08953g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, it was found that breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are formed from MCF-7 cells by benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mutation. The breast CSCs were detected through simultaneous monitoring of CD44, CD24 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) by hypermulticolor cellular imaging using an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) and quantum dots (Q-dots).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea.
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18
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Shargh SA, Sakizli M, Khalaj V, Movafagh A, Yazdi H, Hagigatjou E, Sayad A, Mansouri N, Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SA, Khorram Khorshid HR. Downregulation of E-cadherin expression in breast cancer by promoter hypermethylation and its relation with progression and prognosis of tumor. Med Oncol 2014; 31:250. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Klevebring D, Rosin G, Ma R, Lindberg J, Czene K, Kere J, Fredriksson I, Bergh J, Hartman J. Sequencing of breast cancer stem cell populations indicates a dynamic conversion between differentiation states in vivo. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R72. [PMID: 24998755 PMCID: PMC4227057 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cancer stem cell model implies a hierarchical organization within breast tumors maintained by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Accordingly, CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells with capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation. These cells can be isolated through the phenotypic markers CD44+/CD24-, expression of ALDH1 and an ability to form nonadherent, multicellular spheres in vitro. However, controversies to describe the stem cell model exist; it is unclear whether the tumorigenicity of CSCs in vivo is solely a proxy for a certain genotype. Moreover, in vivo evidence is lacking to fully define the reversibility of CSC differentiation. Methods In order to answer these questions, we undertook exome sequencing of CSCs from 12 breast cancer patients, along with paired primary tumor samples. As suggested by stem classical cell biology, we assumed that the number of mutations in the CSC subpopulation should be lower and distinct compared to the differentiated tumor cells with higher proliferation. Results Our analysis revealed that the majority of somatic mutations are shared between CSCs and bulk primary tumor, with similar frequencies in the two. Conclusions The data presented here exclude the possibility that CSCs are only a phenotypic consequence of certain somatic mutations, that is a distinct and non-reversible population of cells. In addition, our results imply that CSCs must be a population of cells that can dynamically switch from differentiated tumor cells, and vice versa. This finding increases our understanding of CSC function in tumor heterogeneity and the importance of identifying drugs to counter de-differentiation rather than targeting CSCs.
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Kolacinska A, Morawiec J, Fendler W, Malachowska B, Morawiec Z, Szemraj J, Pawlowska Z, Chowdhury D, Choi YE, Kubiak R, Pakula L, Zawlik I. Association of microRNAs and pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: preliminary report. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2851-7. [PMID: 24469723 PMCID: PMC4013446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has caught the attention of oncologists worldwide because of poor prognosis and paucity of targeted therapies. Gene pathways have been widely studied, but less is known about epigenetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in tailoring an individual systemic and surgical approach for breast cancer patients. The aim of the study was to examine selected miRNAs in TNBC core biopsies sampled before preoperative chemotherapy and the subsequent pathologic response in mastectomy or breast conservation specimens. Prior to treatment, core needle biopsies were collected from 11 female patients with inoperable locally advanced TNBC or large resectable tumors suitable for down-staging. In all 11 TNBC core biopsies we analyzed 19 miRNAs per sample: 512, 190, 200, 346, 148, 449, 203, 577, 93, 126, 423, 129, 193, 182, 136, 135, 191, 122 and 222 (miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT microRNA polymerase chain reaction Custom Pick & Mixpanels). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare related samples. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used to evaluate potential functional significance of differentially expressed miRNAs. Statistical analysis showed that 3 of 19 miRNAs differed in relation to pathologic response i.e. good versus poor. These differences failed to reach statistical significance, although a trend was observed (p = 0.06). Among these miRNAs, we identified—miR-200b-3p, miR-190a and miR-512-5p. In summary, our results indicate that higher miR-200b-3p, higher miR-190a and lower miR-512-5p expression levels in core biopsies sampled from TNBC patients may be associated with better pathologic response to chemotherapy and the increased feasibility of breast conserving surgery in these patients. Although these results were from a small cohort, they provide an important basis for larger, prospective, multicenter studies to investigate the potential role of miRNAs in neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kolacinska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Cancer Center, Paderewskiego 4, 93-509, Lodz, Poland,
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