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Zia Z, Zhong R, Akbar MW. Analyzing the impact of fintech industry and green financing on energy poverty in the European countries. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27532. [PMID: 38515686 PMCID: PMC10955323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the fourth industrial revolution, the fintech has significantly expanded during the last several years, and this has caused scholars to worry about how much electricity is being used. Because energy poverty is one of the most critical social policy concerns facing the majority of nations in the world in the modern era. This study adds to what has already been written by looking at how the fintech industry affects the environment and energy in European countries. The current study investigates how the growing awareness of the need to preserve energy and the environment has an effect on society, and analyzes the role of the fintech industry, green finance, energy efficiency, and research and development on energy poverty across European nations from 2013 to 2020. To estimate long- and short-term impacts, DOLS and FMOLS are used along with diagnostic tests. The outcomes found that there is a tight relationship between energy poverty and all the factors taken into consideration (fintech, green finance, energy efficiency, and R&D). EU governments should employ "green finance" to encourage and enable the fintech industry since fintech plays a vital role in enhancing environmental effectiveness. The financing of environmentally friendly projects is very beneficial and might help alleviate energy poverty. The findings also indicate that more financing, ecological subsidies, and social assistance programs are necessary in order to satisfy the needs for energy and put an end to energy poverty in Europe. Policymakers in the tech world may be especially interested in the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Zia
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
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2
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Zhong R, Wu W, Akbar MW, Zia Z. How environmental protection activities and industrial revolution contributes in the nexus of energy security and environmental sustainability? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:104620-104632. [PMID: 37707734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The booming fintech industry seeks to revolutionize traditional financial practices, introducing new business models and innovative applications to enhance financial services. However, the widespread adoption of fintech may lead to increased energy consumption, posing environmental challenges. Comprehensive research is essential to understand the impact of fintech on economies, financial culture, and the environment, facilitating informed decision-making to foster sustainable growth in the sector. Therefore, the present research will explore how the fintech industry, green finance, and energy efficiency play their role in energy security and the achievement of a sustainable environment. The current study used data from 2000 to 2020 by employing Fourier autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), fully modified least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) econometric techniques to explore how the industrial revolution, environmental protection activities, and energy efficiency affect energy security and the environment across European countries. According to the findings, the fintech sector encourages the use of eco-friendly and energy-efficient technology, which assists in lowering carbon emissions and boosting energy security and efficiency. The outcomes of energy efficiency show a negative relationship with carbon emissions but a considerably positive relationship with energy security. This research shows that green financing has a favorable influence on energy security, and in European nations, green financing drives the majority of investments made for environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhong
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzong Wu
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zeenat Zia
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
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3
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Mooring M, Yeung GA, Luukkonen P, Liu S, Akbar MW, Zhang GJ, Balogun O, Yu X, Mo R, Nejak-Bowen K, Poyurovsky MV, Booth CJ, Konnikova L, Shulman GI, Yimlamai D. Hepatocyte CYR61 polarizes profibrotic macrophages to orchestrate NASH fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade3157. [PMID: 37756381 PMCID: PMC10874639 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing worldwide and leads to a multitude of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is associated with the progression of NASH, but it has been described to have anti- and proinflammatory properties. We sought to examine the role of liver CYR61 in NASH progression. CYR61 liver-specific knockout mice on a NASH diet showed improved glucose tolerance, decreased liver inflammation, and reduced fibrosis. CYR61 polarized infiltrating monocytes promoting a proinflammatory/profibrotic phenotype through an IRAK4/SYK/NF-κB signaling cascade. In vitro, CYR61 activated a profibrotic program, including PDGFa/PDGFb expression in macrophages, in an IRAK4/SYK/NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, targeted-antibody blockade reduced CYR61-driven signaling in macrophages in vitro and in vivo, reducing fibrotic development. This study demonstrates that CYR61 is a key driver of liver inflammation and fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Mooring
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Grace A. Yeung
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Panu Luukkonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Gary J. Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Oluwashanu Balogun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC; 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Rigen Mo
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC; 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Masha V. Poyurovsky
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC; 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Carmen J. Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Section of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- The Yale Liver Center, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
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Sheng W, Meng F, Akbar MW. How institutional quality, and energy production sources, affect the environmental sustainability of bri countries: A comparison of different income groups. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291144. [PMID: 37699037 PMCID: PMC10497143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Institutions and energy production sources shape environmental policies and practices. Institutions establish frameworks for renewable energy and enforce environmental protection measures. Conventional energy sources cause pollution and climate change, while green energy sources have lower environmental impacts. In this study we analyzed how quality institutions, along with different types of energy production sources affect the quality of environment in 101 countries that are part of the BRI, a global development project. We used a statistical method called panel quantile regression to analyze data from 2000 to 2020. We found that producing energy from renewable sources, such as wind and solar, reduces CO2 emissions by 0.003% in BRI countries. However, producing energy from non-renewable sources, such as gas and coal, harms the environment more in high-income and middle-income countries. We also found that having better institutional quality reduces CO2 emissions by 3.421%, 2.710%, and 0.006% in different groups of BRI countries. This means that having stronger and fairer institutions can help protect the environment by limiting the use of non-renewable energy sources and encouraging the use of renewable ones. Our study suggests that improving institutional quality is a key factor for achieving green energy and environmental sustainability in BRI countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Sheng
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Meng
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Guo Q, Wu Z, Ding C, Akbar MW, Guo B. Unveiling the nexus between marine energy consumption, seaborne trade, and greenhouse gases emissions from international shipping. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:62553-62565. [PMID: 36943566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the globalization of production processes and the expansion of international trade, both water-based trade and the use of marine energy are expanding quickly. Marine energy consumption is rapidly increasing as a result of globalization. Despite being ignored for many decades, reducing marine emissions is today a top priority among European nations. Thus, the present study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the nexus between marine energy consumption, seaborne trade, and GHG emissions by employing time series data for eight Northern European nations from 2005 to 2017. The extended EKC model and three proxy variables for seaborne trade (i.e., container throughput, liner shipping connectivity index, and trade openness) are used to investigate the nexus between these variables. FMOLS and DOLS methods have been employed to control the problems of endogeneity and serial correlation. Only in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden did the data corroborate an inverted U-shaped relationship (the EKC curve) between maritime GHG emissions and economic development. The increase in energy utilization across all nations directly increased marine GHG emissions; however, the adverse effect of energy consumption on the environment is severe in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Container throughput, linear shipping connectivity index, and trade openness exhibit a positive impact on marine GHG emissions. The impact of seaborne proxy variables is severe in Denmark and Sweden. In order to have a robust assessment and to confirm the validity and uniformity of the results, Driscoll-Kraay standard errors (DKSE) and robust standard error (RSE) regression techniques are being employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Cuicui Ding
- School of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Bocheng Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
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6
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Guo Q, Wu Z, Ding C, Akbar MW, Guo T. An empirical analysis of the nexus between digital financial inclusion, industrial structure distortion, and China's energy intensity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:49397-49411. [PMID: 36773253 PMCID: PMC9918820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating the shift to low-carbon energy and decreasing energy intensity are crucial strategies for green growth. Reducing energy intensity is an important measure to achieve the goal of "double carbon" and building a beautiful new China. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2011 to 2020, this paper empirically tests the relationship among digital financial inclusion, industrial structure distortion, and energy intensity by using the spatial Durbin model and the intermediary effect method. The results show that the development of digital financial inclusion can promote the decline of energy intensity, and industrial structure distortion has a partial intermediary effect in the relationship between digital financial inclusion and energy intensity. Because of this, it is important to speed up the development of digital financial inclusion, increase the innovation of digital financial inclusion products and services, strengthen the supervision of digital financial inclusion, and reduce the distortion of the industrial structure so that digital finance can play its full role in reducing energy intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046 China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046 China
| | - Cuicui Ding
- School of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046 China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060 China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Business, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046 China
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7
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Zia Z, Shuming L, Akbar MW, Ahmed T. Environmental sustainability and green technologies across BRICS countries: the role of institutional quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:30155-30166. [PMID: 36427128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of research has focused on the environment and economic growth nexus. However, there has not been much research done on how environmentally friendly technologies and institutional quality affect pollution levels. It is found that in developed countries, the rate of environmental deterioration has slowed thanks to more sustainable environmental regulations, advances in technology, and improvements in the quality of institutions. In contrast, limited modern technology in developing nations has resulted in havens of high carbon emissions. Therefore, the current research tried to analyze the environmental quality by using green technologies (GT), institutional quality (IQ), and energy efficiency (EE) as independent variables. In this study, we utilized data from 1995 to 2019 from BRICS countries to estimate long-term and short-term relationships. Used second-generation econometric techniques indicated that IQ, GT, and EE repair reduced environmental damage. The EKC does not exist, which means pollution in selected countries will improve with an expansion in economic activities. In the long term, a reform in institutions and more spending are required on green technologies to secure a sustainable future in BRICS countries. Results hold up when it comes to policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Zia
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liu Shuming
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Tauqeer Ahmed
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhong R, Ren X, Akbar MW, Zia Z, Sroufe R. Striving towards sustainable development: how environmental degradation and energy efficiency interact with health expenditures in SAARC countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:46898-46915. [PMID: 35171428 PMCID: PMC8853387 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The previous studies focused on environmental issues, identifying their root causes, urging prompt action to reduce environmental degradation. In this context, the current article extends the literature by incorporating the ecological impacts on the health sector and the role of sustainable development. The present study adds to the body of knowledge by examining the relationship between CO2 emissions, sustainable development, energy efficiency, energy intensity, and health expenditures for SAARC countries from 2000 to 2020. Fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and dynamic OLS (DOLS) are used and diagnostic tests to check the association between the variables. The empirical analysis validated the long-run impact of the examined factors on health expenditures. The results show that energy efficiency and sustainable development have a statistically significant negative effect on health expenditures, vice-versa for CO2 emission. Energy efficiency, energy intensity, and CO2 emissions have been shown to have a one-way causative relationship with health expenditures, but sustainable development and economic growth have a two-way causation relationship. The better health status of the SAARC economies necessitates the establishment of long-term development strategies, environmental sustainability, and an examination of the energy sector. This work's conceptual and empirical advances have significant policy ramifications for this part of the globe and its efforts to improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhong
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xuedi Ren
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Zeenat Zia
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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9
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Akbar MW, Zhong R, Zia Z, Jahangir J. Nexus between disaggregated energy sources, institutional quality, and environmental degradation in BRI countries: a penal quantile regression analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:43155-43168. [PMID: 35091957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to contribute to the existing literature by examining the role of institutional quality in the nexus of disaggregated energy sources and environmental degradation for belt and road initiative countries. To empirically support the theoretically presented propositions, a series of analytical techniques are used, such as LLC, IPS for unit root, Johansen-Fisher panel co-integration to check the long-run association between the considered variables from 2000 to 2020. Further, a panel quantile regression and panel fixed effect model is used in the study to explore the nexus. The study found a long-run association between institutional quality (IQ), energy production from oil (EPOil), natural gas (EPGas), coal (EPCoal), renewables (EPRenew), and CO2 emission in BRI countries. According to panel unit-root tests, all variables are integrated of order I(1), and the panel co-integration test showed a log-run association among variables. The results of panel quantile regression and panel fixed effect model showed a positive association between IQ and CO2 emission. Similarly, an association of CO2 emission with EPGas, EPOil, and EPCoal is also significantly positive. The extraction and use of fossil fuels (natural gas, oil, and coal) pollute the air, while, on the other hand, there is a negative relationship found between CO2 emission and EPRenew. When developing environmental protection measures, governments should choose to concentrate on the quality of institutions. The effectiveness of institutions in BRI countries will provide appropriate rules, regulations, property rights, and methods to fight corruption, which, if followed systematically, would decrease CO2 emissions and enhance the quality of the environment in BRI countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeenat Zia
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junaid Jahangir
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Akbar MW, Yuelan P, Maqbool A, Zia Z, Saeed M. The nexus of sectoral-based CO 2 emissions and fiscal policy instruments in the light of Belt and Road Initiative. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13040-3. [PMID: 33629162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to global warming is becoming a major global issue over the past few decades. The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gasses cause global warming. Most carbon emissions come from energy sectors, whereas transportation, industrial, and residential sectors are among the chief contributors. The present study investigates the effect of fiscal policy instruments, economic development, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the sectoral emissions in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. The data used in this study is taken from the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period between 2000 and 2018. Dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) have been used to analyze the long-run impact of fiscal policy instruments, economic development, and FDI on CO2 emissions from transportation, energy, and industrial sectors. Furthermore, the pairwise Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test was used to authorize the causal relationship among the variables under consideration. The results reveal that fiscal policy instruments, per capita gross domestic product, FDI, and CO2 emissions show a strong correlation in the industrial, electrical, and transportation sectors. Furthermore, it is shown that public spending is a more reliable tool to reduce CO2 emissions in the transportation and industrial sectors in the BRI region. This study provides useful information for policy-makers on taking preventive and corrective measures to reduce CO2 emissions in different sectors and promote sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Yuelan
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Maqbool
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zeenat Zia
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Demirkol Canlı S, Dedeoğlu E, Akbar MW, Küçükkaraduman B, İşbilen M, Erdoğan ÖŞ, Erciyas SK, Yazıcı H, Vural B, Güre AO. A novel 20-gene prognostic score in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231835. [PMID: 32310997 PMCID: PMC7170253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal cancers. Known risk factors for this disease are currently insufficient in predicting mortality. In order to better prognosticate patients with PDAC, we identified 20 genes by utilizing publically available high-throughput transcriptomic data from GEO, TCGA and ICGC which are associated with overall survival and event-free survival. A score generated based on the expression matrix of these genes was validated in two independent cohorts. We find that this “Pancreatic cancer prognostic score 20 –PPS20” is independent of the confounding factors in multivariate analyses, is dramatically elevated in metastatic tissue compared to primary tumor, and is higher in primary tumors compared to normal pancreatic tissue. Transcriptomic analyses show that tumors with low PPS20 have overall more immune cell infiltration and a higher CD8 T cell/Treg ratio when compared to those with high PPS20. Analyses of proteomic data from TCGA PAAD indicated higher levels of Cyclin B1, RAD51, EGFR and a lower E-cadherin/Fibronectin ratio in tumors with high PPS20. The PPS20 score defines not only prognostic and biological sub-groups but can predict response to targeted therapy as well. Overall, PPS20 is a stronger and more robust transcriptomic signature when compared to similar, previously published gene lists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Demirkol Canlı
- Molecular Pathology Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Ege Dedeoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barış Küçükkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat İşbilen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Şükrüoğlu Erdoğan
- Cancer Genetics Division, Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Kılıç Erciyas
- Cancer Genetics Division, Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yazıcı
- Cancer Genetics Division, Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burçak Vural
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Osmay Güre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Akbar MW, Isbilen M, Belder N, Canli SD, Kucukkaraduman B, Turk C, Sahin O, Gure AO. A Stemness and EMT Based Gene Expression Signature Identifies Phenotypic Plasticity and is A Predictive but Not Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:949-961. [PMID: 31949498 PMCID: PMC6959010 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer results in variation in morphology, metastatic potential and response to therapy. We previously showed that breast cancer cell line sub-groups obtained by a clustering approach using highly variable genes overlapped almost completely with sub-groups generated by a drug cytotoxicity-profile based approach. Two distinct cell populations thus identified were CSC(cancer stem cell)-like and non-CSC-like. In this study we asked whether an mRNA based gene signature identifying these two cell types would explain variation in stemness, EMT, drug sensitivity, and prognosis in silico and in vitro. Main methods:In silico analyses were performed using publicly available cell line and patient tumor datasets. In vitro analyses of phenotypic plasticity and drug responsiveness were obtained using human breast cancer cell lines. Key findings: We find a novel gene list (CNCL) that can generate both categorical and continuous variables corresponding to the stemness/EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) state of tumors. We are presenting a novel robust gene signature that unites previous observations related either to EMT or stemness in breast cancer. We show in silico, that this signature perfectly predicts behavior of tumor cells tested in vitro, and can reflect tumor plasticity. We thus demonstrate for the first time, that breast cancer subtypes are sensitive to either Lapatinib or Midostaurin. The same gene list is not capable of predicting prognosis in most cohorts, except for one that includes patients receiving neo-adjuvant taxene therapy. Significance: CNCL is a robust gene list that can identify both stemness and the EMT state of cell lines and tumors. It can be used to trace tumor cells during the course of phenotypic changes they undergo, that result in altered responses to therapeutic agents. The fact that such a list cannot be used to identify prognosis in most patient cohorts suggests that presence of factors other than stemness and EMT affect mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Isbilen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,DNAFect Genetics Consulting R&D and Biotechnology Inc., Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nevin Belder
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Demirkol Canli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Molecular Pathology Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baris Kucukkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Turk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Yuelan P, Akbar MW, Hafeez M, Ahmad M, Zia Z, Ullah S. The nexus of fiscal policy instruments and environmental degradation in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:28919-28932. [PMID: 31385248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As one of the world's largest economies, Chinese economy is maintaining the rapid economic development along with the cost of environmental degradation. The role of fiscal policy instruments is still unknown in the Chinese pollution equation. To do this, the present study is an effort to quantify the nexus of fiscal policy instruments and environmental degradation for Chinese economy over 1980 to 2016. The results reveal that fiscal policy instruments significantly increase the environmental degradation in the long run. The GDP and energy consumption of Chinese economy also enhance the environmental degradation respectively. The innovative accounting approach and diagnostics tests also applied to confirm the empirical estimates of study are reliable and valid for policy implications. The outcomes of study reveal that expansionary fiscal policy will lead to environmental degradation. Therefore, the Chinese authorities may consider the usage of advance and eco-friendly production methods to sustain the fast-growing economic growth along with the healthier environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuelan
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Muhammad Hafeez
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No 10, Xitucheng Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- The Center of Industrial Economics and Green Development, BUPT, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zeenat Zia
- School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Peng Y, Akbar MW, Anwar S, Hafeez M. Evaluating the Efficiency and Determinants of Efficiency of Rural Health Centers Situated in Punjab, Pakistan. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Gulluoglu S, Tuysuz EC, Sahin M, Kuskucu A, Kaan Yaltirik C, Ture U, Kucukkaraduman B, Akbar MW, Gure AO, Bayrak OF, Dalan AB. Simultaneous miRNA and mRNA transcriptome profiling of glioblastoma samples reveals a novel set of OncomiR candidates and their target genes. Brain Res 2018; 1700:199-210. [PMID: 30176243 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although glioblastomas are common, there remains a need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind their initiation and progression and identify molecular pathways for improving treatment. In this study, sixteen fresh-frozen glioblastoma samples and seven samples of healthy brain tissues were analyzed with miRNA and whole transcriptome microarray chips. Candidate miRNAs and mRNAs were selected to validate expression in fifty patient samples in total with the criteria of abundance, relevance and prediction scores. miRNA and target mRNA relationships were assessed by inhibiting selected miRNAs in glioblastoma cells. Functional tests have been conducted in order to see the effects of miRNAs on invasion, migration and apoptosis of GBM cells. Analyses were carried out to determine correlations between selected molecules and clinicopathological features. 1332 genes and 319 miRNAs were found to be dysregulated by the microarrays. The results were combined and analyzed with Transcriptome Analysis Console 3 software and the DAVID online database. Primary differential pathways included Ras, HIF-1, MAPK signaling and cell adhesion. OncomiR candidates 21-5p, 92b-3p, 182-5p and 339-5p for glioblastoma negatively correlated with notable mRNA targets both in tissues and in in vitro experiments. miR-21-5p and miR-339-5p significantly affected migration, invasion and apoptosis of GBM cells in vitro. Significant correlations with overall survival, tumor volume, recurrence and age at diagnosis were discovered. In this article we present valuable integrated microarray analysis of glioblastoma samples regarding miRNA and gene-expression levels. Notable biomarkers and miRNA-mRNA interactions have been identified, some of which correlated with clinicopathological features in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Gulluoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Sahin
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Science Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kuskucu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cumhur Kaan Yaltirik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University Medical School, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ture
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University Medical School, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Kucukkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Omer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Altay Burak Dalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Ali S, Akhter S, Neubauer H, Melzer F, Khan I, Abatih EN, El-Adawy H, Irfan M, Muhammad A, Akbar MW, Umar S, Ali Q, Iqbal MN, Mahmood A, Ahmed H. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:73. [PMID: 28129787 PMCID: PMC5273848 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis were studied at animal and herd level using a combination of culture, serological and molecular methods. The study was conducted in 253 randomly selected cattle herds of the Potohar plateau, Pakistan from which a total of 2709 serum (1462 cattle and 1247 buffaloes) and 2330 milk (1168 cattle and 1162 buffaloes) samples were collected. Data on risk factors associated with seroprevalence of brucellosis were collected through interviews using questionnaires. Univariable and multivariable random effects logistic regression models were used for identifying important risk factors at animal and herd levels. Results One hundred and seventy (6.3%) samples and 47 (18.6%) herds were seropositive for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate test. Variations in seroprevalence were observed across the different sampling sites. At animal level, sex, species and stock replacement were found to be potential risk factors for brucellosis. At herd level, herd size (≥9 animals) and insemination method used were important risk factors. The presence of Brucella DNA was confirmed with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR) in 52.4% out of 170 serological positive samples. In total, 156 (6.7%) milk samples were positive by milk ring test. B. abortus biovar 1 was cultured from 5 positive milk samples. Conclusion This study shows that the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis is high in some regions in Pakistan. Prevalence was associated with herd size, abortion history, insemination methods used, age, sex and stock replacement methods. The infected animal may act as source of infection for other animals and for humans. The development of control strategies for bovine brucellosis through implementation of continuous surveillance and education programs in Pakistan is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2394-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Department of Wildlife and Ecology (Zoological Division), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shamim Akhter
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Emmanuel Nji Abatih
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Faculty Medicineof Veterinary, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Umar
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abid Mahmood
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road,Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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