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Gan D, Iqbal MN, Xu Q, Shen Z, Ramos V, Chung KH. Effect of airborne-particle abrasion with a novel spherical abrasive on the zirconia surface. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:866-876. [PMID: 35153064 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A novel zirconia-alumina composite (ZAC) particle has yet to be studied for airborne-particle abrasion in a bonding protocol for the zirconia surface. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond force of resin cement to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) when using spherical ZAC particles to conduct airborne-particle abrasion and modify the topography of Y-TZP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Spherical 30- to 70-μm ZAC particles were fabricated by using a hybrid gel technique. A total of 160 Ø6.6×4.0-mm zirconia disks were fabricated from 4 commercially available zirconia blanks, e.max ZirCAD zirconia (EM), NexxZr T zirconia (NE), Lava Plus High Translucency zirconia (LP), and Imagine High Translucency Zirconia (IM), by using computer-aided manufacturing technology. As-sintered specimens without further surface treatment were used as controls (ZR0). Surface treatment groups included sharp-edged alumina airborne-particle abrasion (ABC), 50 μm, 0.2 MPa; airborne-particle abrasion with ZAC particle at 0.2 MPa (2ZA); and airborne-particle abrasion with spherical ZAC particle at 0.4 MPa (4ZA). All surface treatment groups were airborne-particle abraded at the specified pressures for 10 seconds at a standardized distance of 10 mm. The surface roughness (Ra) and area roughness (Sa) of specimens from each group were measured. Following the application of an adhesive (Scotchbond Universal), Ø6.6×4.0-mm resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) buttons were fabricated for shear bond testing by using a universal testing machine at a 5-mm/min crosshead speed (n=10). The data were analyzed by using a 2-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test, and regression analysis (α=0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe changes of the zirconia surface and the failure modes of each group before and after shear bond testing. RESULTS The mean ±standard deviation shear bond force values ranged from 272.6 ±41.4 N to 686.7 ±152.8 N. Statistically significant higher force values than those of the controls (P<.05) were obtained by using airborne-particle abrasion. No significant differences were found among any of the airborne-particle abrasion treatment groups (P>.05). The mean of Ra values ranged from 0.27 μm to 0.74 μm, and the mean of Sa values, from 0.48 μm to 1.48 μm. SEM observation revealed that the zirconia surface was made jagged by abrasion with sharp-edged alumina particles. The spherical ZAC particles create microcraters on the zirconia surface. Fractographic observation disclosed that failures were adhesive-cohesive failure modes with residual resin cement attached on the zirconia surface. CONCLUSIONS The surface treatment of zirconia with sharp-edged alumina or the spherical ZAC abrasives improved the bonding force between the zirconia and resin cement. No statistically significant differences in shear bond force values were found between airborne-particle abrasion surface treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Gan
- Graduate student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- Graduate student, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qianhui Xu
- Graduate student, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Zhijian Shen
- Professor and Director, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Van Ramos
- Clinical Associate Professor and Director, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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May KL, Pham AC, Ramirez G, Herrera-Hidalgo C, Naeem Iqbal M, Robert-Nicoud G, Clulow AJ, Bengtsson T, Boyd BJ. Towards mesoporous silica as a pharmaceutical treatment for obesity - impact on lipid digestion and absorption. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Karimbu Vallappil A, Khawaja BA, Rahim MKA, Iqbal MN, Chattha HT. Metamaterial-Inspired Electrically Compact Triangular Antennas Loaded with CSRR and 3 × 3 Cross-Slots for 5G Indoor Distributed Antenna Systems. Micromachines 2022; 13:mi13020198. [PMID: 35208322 PMCID: PMC8876282 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this article, two distinct kinds of metamaterial (MTM) antennas are proposed for fifth-generation (5G) indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS). Both antennas operate in the sub-6 GHz 5G band, i.e., 3.5 GHz. The antenna’s radiating structure is based on a combination of triangular and rectangular patches, as well as two complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) unit-cells etched on the top layer. The bottom layer of the first MTM antenna is a complete ground plane, while the bottom layer of the second MTM antenna is etched by a 3 × 3 cross-slot MTM structure on the ground plane. The use of these structures on the ground plane improves the antenna bandwidth. The proposed antennas are designed using two different substrates i.e., a high-end Rogers thermoset microwave materials (TMM4) substrate (h = 1.524 mm/εr = 4.5/tan δ = 0.002) and a low-end flame-resistant (FR4) epoxy glass substrate (h = 1.6 mm/εr = 4.3/tan δ = 0.025), respectively. The antenna designs are simulated using CST microwave studio, and in the end, the antenna fabrication is performed using FR4 substrate, and the results are compared. Furthermore, parametric analysis and comparative studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the designed antennas. The simulated and measured results are presented for various parameters such as return-loss, gain, and radiation pattern. The two MTM antennas have an overall dimension of 18 × 34 mm2, demonstrating that the proposed design is 60 percent smaller than a standard microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The two proposed MTM antenna designs with complete ground plane and 3 × 3 cross-slot MTM on the bottom layer using FR4 substrate have a measured gain/bandwidth characteristic of 100 MHz/2.6 dBi and 700 MHz/2.3 dBi, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Karimbu Vallappil
- Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.K.A.R.); (M.N.I.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.K.V.); (B.A.K.)
| | - Bilal A. Khawaja
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, PN-Engineering College (PNEC), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Karachi 75104, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.K.V.); (B.A.K.)
| | - Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim
- Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.K.A.R.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.K.A.R.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Hassan T. Chattha
- Department of Information Technology, Focus College, Kelowna, BC V1Y 8A6, Canada;
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Ling S, Zhao Q, Iqbal MN, Dong M, Li X, Lin M, Wang R, Lei F, He C, Wang S. Development of immunoassay methods based on monoclonal antibody and its application in the determination of cadmium ion. J Hazard Mater 2021; 411:124992. [PMID: 33454572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the threat of cadmium (Cd2+) to public health, it is an urgent demand to develop effective, sensitive, and rapid methods for the detection of cadmium. In this study, indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and immunochromatographic test strips (ICTS) were established for the determination of Cd2+ based on the obtained mAb with high specificity and high affinity (Kaff = 3.0 × 109 L/moL). The linear range of ic-ELISA detection was 0.03-1.11 ng/mL and 50% inhibitive concentration (IC50) of cadmium ion was determined to be 0.15 ng/mL. The visual limit of detection (vLOD) of the AuNS-based strip was 0.375 ng/mL. The vLOD of AuNF-based strip using higher intensity reporter determined to be 0.03 ng/mL, which was enhanced 12 times compared to the traditional strip. In summary, the developed immunoassays based on mAb shows great potential for monitoring the cadmium ion in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Ling
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingke Dong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiulan Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming Lin
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongzhi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feiya Lei
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caizhen He
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Asad B, Daniel K, Iqbal MN, Jarkovoi M, Kütt L, Shabbir N. Bivariate stochastic model of current harmonic analysis in the low voltage distribution grid. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2021.2.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rinde M, Kupferschmidt N, Iqbal MN, Robert-Nicoud G, Johnston EV, Lindgren M, Bengtsson T. Mesoporous silica with precisely controlled pores reduces food efficiency and suppresses weight gain in mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:131-144. [PMID: 31933414 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We aimed to elucidate the effects of distinct mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) supplemented in food on metabolic parameters in obesity. Materials & methods: MSPs with precisely controlled pore size were synthesized, characterized and compared with a control in a C57Bl/6 mouse diet-induced obesity model, studying weight, adiposity, metabolic regulation and food efficiency. Results: The most effective MSPs reduced adipose tissue formation to 6.5 ± 0.5 g compared with 9.4 ± 1.2 g, leptin levels nearly halved from 32.8 ± 7.4 to 16.9 ± 1.9 ng/ml and a 33% reduction of food efficiency. Control MSP showed no effects. Conclusion: Results demonstrate potential of distinct MSPs to improve metabolic risk factors. Further studies investigating mechanism of action and confirming human safety are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Rinde
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Kupferschmidt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Material Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eric V Johnston
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Sankt Göransgatan 159, SE-112 17, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindgren
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Sankt Göransgatan 159, SE-112 17, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Javaid MA, Zia KM, Zafar K, Khosa MK, Akram N, Ajmal M, Imran M, Iqbal MN. Synthesis and molecular characterization of chitosan/starch blends based polyurethanes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:243-252. [PMID: 31891704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Starch/chitosan modified polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized by step growth polymerization reaction between -NCO terminated prepolymer and chain extenders (1,4-Butanediol/starch/chitosan). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was reacted with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) to synthesize prepolymer and was further reacted with different moles ratio of starch/chitosan to produced five samples of polyurethane (PU). These samples were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The surface characterizations of PUs were done by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of PUs was higher when the mixture of both natural materials was used at equal amounts. It is concluded that combination of both starch and chitosan are efficient for the synthesis of PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Kashif Zafar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Kushwaha K, Yu L, Stranius K, Singh SK, Hultmark S, Iqbal MN, Eriksson L, Johnston E, Erhart P, Müller C, Börjesson K. A Record Chromophore Density in High-Entropy Liquids of Two Low-Melting Perylenes: A New Strategy for Liquid Chromophores. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1801650. [PMID: 30828534 PMCID: PMC6382313 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromophores constitute a rare but intriguing class of molecules that are in high demand for the design of luminescent inks, liquid semiconductors, and solar energy storage materials. The most common way to achieve liquid chromophores involves the introduction of long alkyl chains, which, however, significantly reduces the chromophore density. Here, strategy is presented that allows for the preparation of liquid chromophores with a minimal increase in molecular weight, using the important class of perylenes as an example. Two synergistic effects are harnessed: (1) the judicious positioning of short alkyl substituents, and (2) equimolar mixing, which in unison results in a liquid material. A series of 1-alkyl perylene derivatives is synthesized and it is found that short ethyl or butyl chains reduce the melting temperature from 278 °C to as little as 70 °C. Then, two low-melting derivatives are mixed, which results in materials that do not crystallize due to the increased configurational entropy of the system. As a result, liquid chromophores with the lowest reported molecular weight increase compared to the neat chromophore are obtained. The mixing strategy is readily applicable to other π-conjugated systems and, hence, promises to yield a wide range of low molecular weight liquid chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GothenburgSweden
| | - Liyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Kati Stranius
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GothenburgSweden
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of PhysicsMaterials and Surface Theory DivisionChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Sandra Hultmark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eric Johnston
- Sigrid Therapeutics ABSankt Göransgatan 159112 17StockholmSweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of PhysicsMaterials and Surface Theory DivisionChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GothenburgSweden
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Iqbal MN, Yarahmadi A, Ashraf F, Rosen C. 1255 An Unusual Clinical Presentation of a Parasomnia. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx052.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Iqbal MN, Ayach M, Strohl K. 0495 INTER-RATER VARIABILITY IN NOCTURNAL OXIMETRY INTERPRETATION. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ali S, Akhter S, Neubauer H, Melzer F, Khan I, Abatih EN, El-Adawy H, Irfan M, Muhammad A, Akbar MW, Umar S, Ali Q, Iqbal MN, Mahmood A, Ahmed H. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:73. [PMID: 28129787 PMCID: PMC5273848 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis were studied at animal and herd level using a combination of culture, serological and molecular methods. The study was conducted in 253 randomly selected cattle herds of the Potohar plateau, Pakistan from which a total of 2709 serum (1462 cattle and 1247 buffaloes) and 2330 milk (1168 cattle and 1162 buffaloes) samples were collected. Data on risk factors associated with seroprevalence of brucellosis were collected through interviews using questionnaires. Univariable and multivariable random effects logistic regression models were used for identifying important risk factors at animal and herd levels. Results One hundred and seventy (6.3%) samples and 47 (18.6%) herds were seropositive for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate test. Variations in seroprevalence were observed across the different sampling sites. At animal level, sex, species and stock replacement were found to be potential risk factors for brucellosis. At herd level, herd size (≥9 animals) and insemination method used were important risk factors. The presence of Brucella DNA was confirmed with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR) in 52.4% out of 170 serological positive samples. In total, 156 (6.7%) milk samples were positive by milk ring test. B. abortus biovar 1 was cultured from 5 positive milk samples. Conclusion This study shows that the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis is high in some regions in Pakistan. Prevalence was associated with herd size, abortion history, insemination methods used, age, sex and stock replacement methods. The infected animal may act as source of infection for other animals and for humans. The development of control strategies for bovine brucellosis through implementation of continuous surveillance and education programs in Pakistan is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2394-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Department of Wildlife and Ecology (Zoological Division), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shamim Akhter
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Emmanuel Nji Abatih
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Faculty Medicineof Veterinary, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Umar
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abid Mahmood
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road,Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Iqbal MN, Anjum AA, Ali MA, Hussain F, Ali S, Muhammad A, Irfan M, Ahmad A, Irfan M, Shabbir A. Assessment of Microbial Load of Un-pasteurized Fruit Juices and in vitro Antibacterial Potential of Honey Against Bacterial Isolates. Open Microbiol J 2015; 9:26-32. [PMID: 26668658 PMCID: PMC4676039 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance in bacteria against commonly used antibiotics/drugs is of considerable medical
significance. Aim of this study was to determine the microbial load of un-pasteurized packed fruit juices sold in Lahore
city and to determine antibacterial activity of five different honey samples against isolated bacteria. Unpasteurized fruit
juice samples (n=60) were collected from street vendors. All the samples were subjected to Total viable count (TVC),
Staphylococcal count (SC) and Coliform count (CC). One hundred and ten strains of bacteria were isolated from various
fruit juices and identified on the basis of cultural characters, morphology and biochemical characters. Mean TVCs, SCs
and CCs of juices (6.80±1.91, 5.45±1.06 and 3.25±1.25 log10 CFU/ml respectively) were non-significant with standard
permissible limits (p<0.05). Among all the fruit juices, 66.66% of samples had TVC more than 4 log10 CFU/ml, 51.66%
of samples had SC more than 3 log10 CFU/ml and 46.66% of samples had CC more than 2 log10 CFU/ml. Among the
bacillus isolates purified, were Bacillus alvei, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Enterobecter. All five different types of honey samples used
in this study showed antibacterial activity against B. alvei, B. polymyxa, B. subtilis and S. aureus and no activity against P.
aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, Enterobecter and E. coli. It is concluded that microbial load in unpasteurized fruit juices is
significantly higher than standard permissible limits which insinuates its possible role in spoilage and food borne illnesses.
Periodic monitoring of packed fruit juices should be carried out to make them safe for consumption. Honey can be used as
an alternative for treatment of various infections, especially those caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; ; Department of Microbiology, ; Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Shahzad Ali
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad
- Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Shabbir
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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13
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Iqbal MN, Anjum AA, Ali MA, Hussain F, Ali S, Muhammad A, Irfan M, Ahmad A, Shabbir A. Assessment of Microbial Load of Un-pasteurized Fruit Juices Antibacterial Potential of Honey Against Bacterial Isolates. Open Microbiol J 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285820150601e001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Atluri R, Iqbal MN, Bacsik Z, Hedin N, Villaescusa LA, Garcia-Bennett AE. Self-assembly mechanism of folate-templated mesoporous silica. Langmuir 2013; 29:12003-12012. [PMID: 23971901 DOI: 10.1021/la401532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A method to form ordered mesoporous silica based on the use of folate supramolecular templates has been developed. Evidence based on in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and in situ conductivity measurements are used to investigate the organic-inorganic interactions and synthesis mechanism. The behavior of folate molecules in solution differs distinctively from that of surfactants commonly used for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silica phases, notably with the absence of a critical micellar concentration. In situ SAXS studies reveal fluctuations in X-ray scattering intensities consistent with the condensation of the silica precursor surrounding the folate template and the growth of the silica mesostructure in the initial stages. High-angle X-ray diffraction shows that the folate template is well-ordered within the pores even after a few minutes of synthesis. Direct structural data for the self-assembly of folates into chiral tetramers within the pores of mesoporous silica provide evidence for the in register stacking of folate tetramers, resulting in a chiral surface of rotated tetramers, with a rotation angle of 30°. Additionally, the self-assembled folates within pores were capable of adsorbing a considerable amount of CO2 gas through the cavity space of the tetramers. The study demonstrates the validity of using a naturally occurring template to produce relevant and functional mesoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambabu Atluri
- Nanologica AB , Drottning Kristinas Väg 61, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
Heart disease affects 1 in 3 individuals in the United States, and the prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing exponentially. Although our understanding of the disease progression of congestive HF (CHF) has advanced, refining the areas of diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis, and treatment is still needed. The natriuretic peptides, specifically B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), have shown promise in clinical practice. Brain natriuretic peptide is released from cardiac ventricular myocytes in response to volume or pressure overload. Rapid measurement of plasma BNP or NT-proBNP has been shown to increase the diagnostic accuracy of HF exacerbations. A cutoff value of 100 pg/mL has a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 73%, respectively, according to the Breathing Not Properly Study. In addition, BNP and NT-proBNP have been considered independent predictors of adverse outcome. One study calculated a 35% increase in risk of death due to HF for every 100-pg/mL increase in BNP level. Lastly, natriuretic peptides have been known to decrease following medical therapy of HF, suggesting the role of their measurement in monitoring inpatient disease progression and outpatient medical programs. The future of natriuretic peptides lies in risk stratification in other cardiac diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome, and possibly determining severity of valvular disease. Although there is substantial work done in elucidating the power of natriuretic peptides in clinical practice, more research is necessary to reach a consensus regarding how to appropriately utilize them in treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika J Gopal
- San Diego VA Medical Center, University of California-San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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16
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Abstract
Syntheses of the E and Z isomers of methyl 3 alpha-,3 alpha,7 alpha-,3 alpha,12 alpha-, and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholest-24-en-26-oates are reported. Mass spectral studies show fragmentation patterns in support of assignment as the E or Z isomers, especially in differences in loss of the side chain. Chromatographic procedures, primarily gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, support these assignments. The E isomer predominates in either of two methods of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Iqbal
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri 63104
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17
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Abstract
1,4-Dien-3-ones of various bile acids (IIa-d), their methyl esters (IIe-h), and their formylated derivatives (IIi-k) were synthesized and their reduction investigated by both catalytic and chemical methods as an alternative route to the synthesis of allo bile acids. Lithium-ammonia reduction proved to be the better method for the reduction of these 1,4-dien-3-ones producing the 3-keto- and 3 beta-hydroxy-allo bile acids (Vb-d) and (VIb-d) in 66-72% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Iqbal
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104
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