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Zimmer C, Jimeno B, Martin LB. HPA flexibility and FKBP5: promising physiological targets for conservation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220512. [PMID: 38310934 PMCID: PMC10838639 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) flexibility is an emerging concept recognizing that individuals that will cope best with stressors will probably be those using their hormones in the most adaptive way. The HPA flexibility concept considers glucocorticoids as molecules that convey information about the environment from the brain to the body so that the organismal phenotype comes to complement prevailing conditions. In this context, FKBP5 protein appears to set the extent to which circulating glucocorticoid concentrations can vary within and across stressors. Thus, FKBP5 expression, and the HPA flexibility it causes, seem to represent an individual's ability to regulate its hormones to orchestrate organismal responses to stressors. As FKBP5 expression can also be easily measured in blood, it could be a worthy target of conservation-oriented research attention. We first review the known and likely roles of HPA flexibility and FKBP5 in wildlife. We then describe putative genetic, environmental and epigenetic causes of variation in HPA flexibility and FKBP5 expression among and within individuals. Finally, we hypothesize how HPA flexibility and FKBP5 expression should affect organismal fitness and hence population viability in response to human-induced rapid environmental changes, particularly urbanization. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Zimmer
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, LEEC, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UR 4443, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Blanca Jimeno
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), CSIC, Avenida Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, 16, 22700 Jaca, Spain
| | - Lynn B. Martin
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research and Center for Genomics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Pawlak J, Szczepankiewicz A, Skibińska M, Narożna B, Kapelski P, Zakowicz P, Gattner K, Spałek D, Mech Ł, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Transcriptome profiling as a biological marker for bipolar disorder sub-phenotypes. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:61-69. [PMID: 38368745 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bipolar affective disorder (BP) causes major functional impairment and reduced quality of life not only for patients, but also for many close relatives. We aimed to investigate mRNA levels in BP patients to find differentially expressed genes linked to specific clinical course variants; assuming that several gene expression alterations might indicate vulnerability pathways for specific course and severity of the disease. MATERIALS We searched for up- and down-regulated genes comparing patients with diagnosis of BP type I (BPI) vs type II (BPII), history of suicide attempts, psychotic symptoms, predominance of manic/hypomanic episodes, and history of numerous episodes and comorbidity of substance use disorders or anxiety disorders. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and analyzed with use of microarray slides. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in all disease characteristics compared. The lowest number of DEGs were revealed when comparing BPI and BPII patients (18 genes), and the highest number when comparing patients with and without psychotic symptoms (3223 genes). Down-regulated genes identified here with the use of the DAVID database were among others linked to cell migration, defense response, and inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS The most specific transcriptome profile was revealed in BP with psychotic symptoms. Differentially expressed genes in this variant include, among others, genes involved in inflammatory and immune processes. It might suggest the overlap of biological background between BP with a history of psychotic features and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Skibińska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Narożna
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zakowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Center for Child and Adolescent Treatment in Zabór, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Karolina Gattner
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; HCP Medical Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominik Spałek
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Regional Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Patients, Gniezno, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mech
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Regional Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Patients, Gniezno, Poland
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Matosin N, Arloth J, Czamara D, Edmond KZ, Maitra M, Fröhlich AS, Martinelli S, Kaul D, Bartlett R, Curry AR, Gassen NC, Hafner K, Müller NS, Worf K, Rehawi G, Nagy C, Halldorsdottir T, Cruceanu C, Gagliardi M, Gerstner N, Ködel M, Murek V, Ziller MJ, Scarr E, Tao R, Jaffe AE, Arzberger T, Falkai P, Kleinmann JE, Weinberger DR, Mechawar N, Schmitt A, Dean B, Turecki G, Hyde TM, Binder EB. Associations of psychiatric disease and ageing with FKBP5 expression converge on superficial layer neurons of the neocortex. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:439-459. [PMID: 36729133 PMCID: PMC10020280 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Identification and characterisation of novel targets for treatment is a priority in the field of psychiatry. FKBP5 is a gene with decades of evidence suggesting its pathogenic role in a subset of psychiatric patients, with potential to be leveraged as a therapeutic target for these individuals. While it is widely reported that FKBP5/FKBP51 mRNA/protein (FKBP5/1) expression is impacted by psychiatric disease state, risk genotype and age, it is not known in which cell types and sub-anatomical areas of the human brain this occurs. This knowledge is critical to propel FKBP5/1-targeted treatment development. Here, we performed an extensive, large-scale postmortem study (n = 1024) of FKBP5/1, examining neocortical areas (BA9, BA11 and ventral BA24/BA24a) derived from subjects that lived with schizophrenia, major depression or bipolar disorder. With an extensive battery of RNA (bulk RNA sequencing, single-nucleus RNA sequencing, microarray, qPCR, RNAscope) and protein (immunoblot, immunohistochemistry) analysis approaches, we thoroughly investigated the effects of disease state, ageing and genotype on cortical FKBP5/1 expression including in a cell type-specific manner. We identified consistently heightened FKBP5/1 levels in psychopathology and with age, but not genotype, with these effects strongest in schizophrenia. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq; BA9 and BA11) and targeted histology (BA9, BA24a), we established that these disease and ageing effects on FKBP5/1 expression were most pronounced in excitatory superficial layer neurons of the neocortex, and this effect appeared to be consistent in both the granular and agranular areas examined. We then found that this increase in FKBP5 levels may impact on synaptic plasticity, as FKBP5 gex levels strongly and inversely correlated with dendritic mushroom spine density and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in superficial layer neurons in BA11. These findings pinpoint a novel cellular and molecular mechanism that has potential to open a new avenue of FKBP51 drug development to treat cognitive symptoms in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Matosin
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia.
| | - Janine Arloth
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrina Z Edmond
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Malosree Maitra
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna S Fröhlich
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Kaul
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Rachael Bartlett
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Amber R Curry
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Centre, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikola S Müller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karolina Worf
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ghalia Rehawi
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Gagliardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Gerstner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Murek
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael J Ziller
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Synaptic Neurobiology and Cognition Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ran Tao
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Joel E Kleinmann
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos 785, São Paulo, 05453-010, Brazil
| | - Brian Dean
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Synaptic Neurobiology and Cognition Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
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Psychiatric Diagnoses and Medications in Wolfram Syndrome. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:163-174. [PMID: 36687263 PMCID: PMC9828213 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolfram Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder usually resulting from pathogenic variation in the WFS1 gene, which leads to an exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The disorder is typically characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing loss, and neurodegenerative features. Existing literature suggests it may also have psychiatric manifestations. Objective To examine lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and medication history in Wolfram Syndrome. Method Child, adolescent, and young adult Wolfram Syndrome participants (n=39) were assessed by a child & adolescent psychiatrist to determine best estimate DSM-5 lifetime psychiatric diagnoses as well as psychoactive medication history. In addition, the Child & Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5) Parent Checklist was used to determine likely psychiatric diagnoses based on symptom counts in Wolfram Syndrome patients (n=33), type 1 diabetes (n=15), and healthy comparison (n=18) groups. Results Study participants with Wolfram Syndrome had high lifetime rates of anxiety disorders (77%). Also, 31% had an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, 33% had a mood disorder, 31% had a neurodevelopmental or disruptive behavior disorder, and 31% had a sleep-wake disorder. More than half of Wolfram Syndrome participants had taken at least one psychoactive medication, and one third had taken at least one selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Some individuals reported poor response to sertraline but better response after switching to another SSRI (fluoxetine or citalopram). In general, people with Wolfram Syndrome often reported benefit from psychotherapy and/or commonly used psychoactive medications appropriate for their psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions Wolfram Syndrome may be associated with elevated risk for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, which seem generally responsive to usual treatments for these disorders.
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Truong TT, Bortolasci CC, Kidnapillai S, Spolding B, Panizzutti B, Liu ZS, Watmuff B, Kim JH, Dean OM, Richardson M, Berk M, Walder K. Common effects of bipolar disorder medications on expression quantitative trait loci genes. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:105-112. [PMID: 35366598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism(s) underpinning the clinical efficacy of the current drugs for bipolar disorder (BD) are largely unknown. This study evaluated the transcriptional perturbations potentially playing roles in the therapeutic efficacy of four commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs used to treat BD. NT2-N cells were treated with lamotrigine, lithium, quetiapine, valproate or vehicle control for 24 h. Genome-wide mRNA expression was quantified by RNA-sequencing. Incorporating drug-induced gene expression profiles with BD-associated transcriptional changes from post-mortem brains, we identified potential therapeutic-relevant genes associated with both drug treatments and BD pathophysiology and focused on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) genes with genome-wide association with BD. Each eQTL gene was ranked based on its potential role in the therapeutic effect across multiple drugs. The expression of highest-ranked eQTL genes were measured by RT-qPCR to confirm their transcriptional changes observed in RNA-seq. We found 775 genes for which at least 2 drugs reversed expression levels relative to the differential expression in post-mortem brains. Pathway analysis identified enriched biological processes highlighting mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function. Differential expression of SRPK2 and CHDH was confirmed by RT-qPCR following multiple-dose treatments. We pinpointed potential genes involved in the beneficial effects of drugs used for BD and their main associated biological pathways. CHDH, which encodes a mitochondrial protein, had a significant dose-responsive downregulation following treatment with increasing doses of quetiapine and lamotrigine, which in combination with the enriched mitochondrial pathways suggests potential therapeutic roles and demand more studies on mitochondrial involvement in BD to identify novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Tt Truong
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Srisaiyini Kidnapillai
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Briana Spolding
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Bruna Panizzutti
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Zoe Sj Liu
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Brad Watmuff
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark Richardson
- Bioinformatics Core Research Facility (BCRF), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
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Choi J, Bodenstein DF, Geraci J, Andreazza AC. Evaluation of postmortem microarray data in bipolar disorder using traditional data comparison and artificial intelligence reveals novel gene targets. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:328-336. [PMID: 34419753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale microarray studies on post-mortem brain tissues have been utilized to investigate the complex molecular pathology of bipolar disorder. However, a major challenge in characterizing the dysregulation of gene expression in patients with bipolar disorder includes the lack of convergence between different studies, limiting comprehensive understanding from individual results. In this study, we aimed to identify genes that are both validated in published literature and are important classification features of unsupervised machine learning analysis of Stanley Brain Bank microarray database, followed by augmented intelligence method to identify distinct patient molecular subgroups. Through combining traditional literature approaches and machine learning, we identified TBL1XR1, SMARCA2, and CHMP5 to be replicated in 3 of the 4 studies included our analysis. The expression of these genes segregated unique subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder. Our study suggests the involvement of PPARγ pathway regulation in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyoung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F Bodenstein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Geraci
- NetraMark Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Biotechnology and Genomics Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zimmer C, Hanson HE, Wildman DE, Uddin M, Martin LB. FKBP5: A Key Mediator of How Vertebrates Flexibly Cope with Adversity. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Flexibility in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is an important mediator of stress resilience as it helps organisms adjust to, avoid, or compensate for acute and chronic challenges across changing environmental contexts. Glucocorticoids remain the favorite metric from medicine to conservation biology to attempt to quantify stress resilience despite the skepticism around their consistency in relation to individual health, welfare, and fitness. We suggest that a cochaperone molecule related to heat shock proteins and involved in glucocorticoid receptor activity, FKBP5, may mediate HPA flexibility and therefore stress resilience because it affects how individuals can regulate glucocorticoids and therefore capacitates their abilities to adjust phenotypes appropriately to prevailing, adverse conditions. Although the molecule is well studied in the biomedical literature, FKBP5 research in wild vertebrates is limited. In the present article, we highlight the potential major role of FKBP5 as mediator of HPA axis flexibility in response to adversity in humans and lab rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Zimmer
- Global and Planetary Health Department of the College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Haley E Hanson
- Global and Planetary Health Department of the College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Global and Planetary Health Department of the College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Monica Uddin
- Global and Planetary Health Department of the College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lynn B Martin
- Global and Planetary Health Department of the College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Xie Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zaidi S, Baranova A, Zhang F, Cao H. Preeclampsia Drives Molecular Networks to Shift Toward Greater Vulnerability to the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590. [PMID: 32760337 PMCID: PMC7373751 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) confers a significant risk for subsequent diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with the mechanisms underlying this observation being largely unknown. To identify molecular networks affected by both PE and ASD, we conducted a large-scale literature data mining and a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), followed by an expression mega-analysis in 13 independently profiled ASD datasets. Sets of genes implicated in ASD and in PE significantly overlap (156 common genes; p = 3.14E−67), with many biological pathways shared (94 pathways; p < 1.00E−21). A set of PE-driven molecular triggers possibly contributing to worsening the risk of subsequent ASD was identified, possibly representing a regulatory shift toward greater vulnerability to the development of ASD. Mega-analysis of expression highlighted RPS4Y1, an inhibitor of STAT3 that is expressed in a sexually dimorphic manner, as a contributor to both PE and ASD, which should be evaluated as a possible contributor to male predominance in ASD. A set of PE-driven molecular triggers may shift the developing brain toward a greater risk of ASD. One of these triggers, chromosome Y encoded gene RPS4Y1, an inhibitor of STAT3 signaling, warrants evaluation as a possible contributor to male predominance in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Zaidi
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Dong Y, Cao H, Cao R, Baranova A. TNFRSF12A and CD38 Contribute to a Vicious Circle for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Engaging Senescence Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:330. [PMID: 32537452 PMCID: PMC7268922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is dependent on chronic inflammation and is hypothesized to represent organ-specific senescence phenotype. Identification of senescence-associated gene drivers for the development of COPD is warranted. By employing automated pipeline, we have compiled lists of the genes implicated in COPD (N = 918) and of the genes changing their activity along with cell senescence (N = 262), with a significant (p < 7.06e-60) overlap between these datasets (N = 89). A mega-analysis and a partial mega-analysis were conducted for gene sets linked to senescence but not yet to COPD, in nine independent mRNA expression datasets comprised of tissue samples of COPD cases (N = 171) and controls (N = 256). Mega-analysis of expression has identified CD38 and TNFRSF12A (p < 2.12e-8) as genes not yet explored in a context of senescence-COPD connection. Functional pathway enrichment analysis allowed to generate a model, which explains accelerated aging phenotypes previously observed in COPD patients. Presented results call for investigation of the role of TNFRSF12A/CD38 balance in establishing a vicious cycle of unresolvable tissue remodeling in COPD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongyuan Cao
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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10
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Hess JL, Tylee DS, Barve R, de Jong S, Ophoff RA, Kumarasinghe N, Tooney P, Schall U, Gardiner E, Beveridge NJ, Scott RJ, Yasawardene S, Perera A, Mendis J, Carr V, Kelly B, Cairns M, Tsuang MT, Glatt SJ. Transcriptomic abnormalities in peripheral blood in bipolar disorder, and discrimination of the major psychoses. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:124-135. [PMID: 31391148 PMCID: PMC6997041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We performed a transcriptome-wide meta-analysis and gene co-expression network analysis to identify genes and gene networks dysregulated in the peripheral blood of bipolar disorder (BD) cases relative to unaffected comparison subjects, and determined the specificity of the transcriptomic signatures of BD and schizophrenia (SZ). Nineteen genes and 4 gene modules were significantly differentially expressed in BD cases. Thirteen gene modules were shown to be differentially expressed in a combined case-group of BD and SZ subjects called "major psychosis", including genes biologically linked to apoptosis, reactive oxygen, chromatin remodeling, and immune signaling. No modules were differentially expressed between BD and SZ cases. Machine-learning classifiers trained to separate diagnostic classes based solely on gene expression profiles could distinguish BD cases from unaffected comparison subjects with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.724, as well as BD cases from SZ cases with AUC = 0.677 in withheld test samples. We introduced a novel and straightforward method called "polytranscript risk scoring" that could distinguish BD cases from unaffected subjects (AUC = 0.672) and SZ cases (AUC = 0.607) significantly better than expected by chance. Taken together, our results highlighted gene expression alterations common to BD and SZ that involve biological processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and chromatin regulation, and highlight disorder-specific changes in gene expression that discriminate the major psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Daniel S. Tylee
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Rahul Barve
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Simone de Jong
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka,Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Erin Gardiner
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Natalie Jane Beveridge
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Antionette Perera
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayan Mendis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vaughan Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Murray Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A.,Please address correspondence to: Dr. Stephen J. Glatt, 3710 Neuroscience Research Building, Institute for Human Performance, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13202, , Phone: 1 (315) 464-7742
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11
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Brivio E, Lopez JP, Chen A. Sex differences: Transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in male and female brains. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12643. [PMID: 31989757 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
More than two-thirds of patients suffering from stress-related disorders are women but over two-thirds of suicide completers are men. These are just some examples of the many sex differences in the prevalence and manifestations of stress-related disorders, such as major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety disorders, which have been extensively documented in clinical research. Nonetheless, the molecular origins of this sex dimorphism are still quite obscure. In response to this lack of knowledge, the NIH recently advocated implementing sex as biological variable in the design of preclinical studies across disciplines. As a result, a newly emerging field within psychiatry is trying to elucidate the molecular causes underlying the clinically described sex dimorphism. Several studies in rodents and humans have already identified many stress-related genes that are regulated by acute and chronic stress in a sex-specific fashion. Furthermore, current transcriptomic studies have shown that pathways and networks in male and female individuals are not equally affected by stress exposure. In this review, we give an overview of transcriptional studies designed to understand how sex influences stress-specific transcriptomic changes in rodent models, as well as human psychiatric patients, highlighting the use of different methodological techniques. Understanding which mechanisms are more affected in males, and which in females, may lead to the identification of sex-specific mechanisms, their selective contribution to stress susceptibility, and their role in the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Brivio
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurobiology, Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Calabrò M, Crisafulli C, Di Nicola M, Colombo R, Janiri L, Serretti A. FKBP5 Gene Variants May Modulate Depressive Features in Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 78:104-112. [PMID: 31071710 DOI: 10.1159/000499976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence suggested the possible association of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene variants in bipolar disorder (BPD). OBJECTIVE Given the need of refinement of the findings obtained in large but poorly phenotyped samples, this study investigated the possible role of variants within FKBP5 in a small but deeply phenotyped BPD sample. METHODS A sample (N = 131) of bipolar patients were investigated with 10 polymorphisms within the FKBP5 gene. A control sample (N = 65) was also used for the analyses. Treatment response and remission of symptoms were evaluated using of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The same analyses were also performed on the depressive subsample of BPD (D.BPD). RESULTS rs3800373 was associated with disorder risk in the depressive BPD subsample with the G allele being more frequent in subjects with a D.BPD phenotype. This was the only association that survived statistical correction. CONCLUSIONS rs3800373 FKBP5 may increase the risk of developing predominantly depressed BPD, probably through the creation of an enhancer consensus sequence in the 3'UTR of the gene, thus potentially increasing its expression. This finding seems to be partially supported by literature data, which evidenced increased levels of FKBP5 in psychiatric subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
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13
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Zhu J, Wang Z, Chen F, Liu C. Identification of genes and functional coexpression modules closely related to ulcerative colitis by gene datasets analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8061. [PMID: 31741804 PMCID: PMC6858811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease posing a great threat to the public health worldwide. Previously, gene expression studies of mucosal colonic biopsies have provided some insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms in ulcerative colitis; however, the exact pathogenesis is unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the most related genes and pathways of UC by bioinformatics, so as to reveal the core of the pathogenesis. Methods Genome-wide gene expression datasets involving ulcerative colitis patients were collected from gene expression omnibus database. To identify most close genes, an integrated analysis of gene expression signature was performed by employing robust rank aggregation method. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore the functional modules involved in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Besides, biological process and pathways analysis of co-expression modules were figured out by gene ontology enrichment analysis using Metascape. Results A total of 328 ulcerative colitis patients and 138 healthy controls were from 14 datasets. The 150 most significant differentially expressed genes are likely to include causative genes of disease, and further studies are needed to demonstrate this. Seven main functional modules were identified, which pathway enrichment analysis indicated were associated with many biological processes. Pathways such as ‘extracellular matrix, immune inflammatory response, cell cycle, material metabolism’ are consistent with the core mechanism of ulcerative colitis. However, ‘defense response to virus’ and ‘herpes simplex infection’ suggest that viral infection is one of the aetiological agents. Besides, ‘Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases’ and ‘pathway in cancer’ provide new clues for the study of the risk and process of ulcerative colitis cancerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengzhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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14
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Zhu J, Wang Z, Chen F. Association of Key Genes and Pathways with Atopic Dermatitis by Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4353-4361. [PMID: 31184315 PMCID: PMC6582687 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. It has a high prevalence worldwide and affected persons are prone to recurrent attacks, seriously affecting the physical and mental of patients. The exact etiology of the disease is still unclear. Material/Methods There are 7 datasets on atopic dermatitis in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 142 lesional and 134 non-lesional skin biopsy samples. Differential analysis was performed after datasets were integrated by robust multi-array average method. Functional modules of GSE99802 were explored by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The 4 most important modules were enriched into the pathways by Metascape. Results Significantly differentially expressed genes included 41 upregulated and 10 downregulated genes. The following 5 of the most important upregulated genes had the strongest association with atopic dermatitis. SERPINB3&4 promote inflammation and impaired skin barrier function in the early stage of atopic dermatitis. S100A9 aggravates the inflammatory response by inducing the activation of toll-like receptor 4, neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophilic inflammation, and the amplification of interleukin-8. MMP1 is the key protease of skin collagen degradation, keeping the extracellular matrix in dynamic balance. MMP12 induces the aggregation of various inflammatory cells into inflammatory tissue. The enriched pathways of each module mainly include Cellular responses to external stimuli, Metabolism of RNA and Translation, and Infectious disease. Conclusions The associated pathways and genes not only help us understand the molecular mechanism of the disease, but also provide research directions or targets for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fengzhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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15
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Commonality in dysregulated expression of gene sets in cortical brains of individuals with autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:152. [PMID: 31127088 PMCID: PMC6534650 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals affected with different neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism (AUT), schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD), may share similar clinical manifestations, suggesting shared genetic influences and common biological mechanisms underlying these disorders. Using brain transcriptome data gathered from postmortem donors affected with AUT, SCZ and BPD, it is now possible to identify shared dysregulated gene sets, i.e., those abnormally expressed in brains of neuropsychiatric patients, compared to non-psychiatric controls. Here, we apply a novel aberrant gene expression analysis method, coupled with consensus co-expression network analysis, to identify gene sets with shared dysregulated expression in cortical brains of individuals affected with AUT, SCZ and BPD. We identify eight gene sets with dysregulated expression shared by AUT, SCZ and BPD, 23 by AUT and SCZ, four by AUT and BPD, and two by SCZ and BPD. The identified genes are enriched with functions relevant to amino acid transport, synapse, neurotransmitter release, oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase biosynthesis, immune response, protein folding, lysophosphatidic acid-mediated signaling and glycolysis. Our method has been proven to be effective in discovering and revealing multigene sets with dysregulated expression shared by different neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings provide new insights into the common molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AUT, SCZ and BPD, contributing to the study of etiological overlap between these neuropsychiatric disorders.
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16
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Motegi T, Kochi Y, Matsuda K, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Momozawa Y. Identification of rare coding variants in TYK2 protective for rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population and their effects on cytokine signalling. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1062-1069. [PMID: 31118190 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 100 loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the disease mechanisms are not completely understood. We evaluated the pathogenesis of RA by focusing on rare coding variants. METHODS The coding regions of 98 candidate genes identified by GWAS were sequenced in 2294 patients with RA and 4461 controls in Japan. An association analysis was performed using cases and controls for variants, genes and domains of TYK2. Cytokine responses for two associated variants (R231W, rs201917359; and R703W, rs55882956) in TYK2 as well as a previously reported risk variant (P1004A, rs34536443) for multiple autoimmune diseases were evaluated by reporter assays. RESULTS A variant in TYK2 (R703W) showed a suggestive association (p=5.47×10-8, OR=0.48). We observed more accumulation of rare coding variants in controls in TYK2 (p=3.94×10-12, OR=0.56). The four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM; 2.14×10-3, OR=0.66) and pseudokinase domains (1.63×10-8, OR=0.52) of TYK2 also showed enrichment of variants in controls. R231W in FERM domain especially reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ signalling, whereas P1104A in kinase domain reduced IL-12, IL-23 and IFN-α signalling. R703W in pseudokinase domain reduced cytokine signals similarly to P1104A, but the effects were weaker than those of P1104A. CONCLUSIONS The FERM and pseudokinase domains in TYK2 were associated with the risk of RA in the Japanese population. Variants in TYK2 had different effects on cytokine signalling, suggesting that the regulation of selective cytokine signalling is a target for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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17
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Wu C, Huang BE, Chen G, Lovenberg TW, Pocalyko DJ, Yao X. Integrative Analysis of DiseaseLand Omics Database for Disease Signatures and Treatments: A Bipolar Case Study. Front Genet 2019; 10:396. [PMID: 31114610 PMCID: PMC6503737 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray platforms provide exciting opportunities for improving diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. Transcriptomics studies often share similar hypotheses, but are carried out on different platforms, in different conditions, and with different analysis approaches. These factors, in addition to small sample sizes, can result in a lack of reproducibility. A clear understanding and unified picture of many complex diseases are still elusive, highlighting an urgent need to effectively integrate multiple transcriptomic studies for disease signatures. We have integrated more than 3,000 high-quality transcriptomic datasets in oncology, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and from both public and internal sources (DiseaseLand database). We established a systematic data integration and meta-analysis approach, which can be applied in multiple disease areas to create a unified picture of the disease signature and prioritize drug targets, pathways, and compounds. In this bipolar case study, we provided an illustrative example using our approach to combine a total of 30 genome-wide gene expression studies using postmortem human brain samples. First, the studies were integrated by extracting raw FASTQ or CEL files, then undergoing the same procedures for preprocessing, normalization, and statistical inference. Second, both p-value and effect size based meta-analysis algorithms were used to identify a total of 204 differentially expressed (DE) genes (FDR < 0.05) genes in the prefrontal cortex. Among these were BDNF, VGF, WFS1, DUSP6, CRHBP, MAOA, and RELN, which have previously been implicated in bipolar disorder. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis revealed a role for GPCR, MAPK, immune, and Reelin pathways. Compound profiling analysis revealed MAPK and other inhibitors may modulate the DE genes. The ability to robustly combine and synthesize the information from multiple studies enables a more powerful understanding of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Computational Sciences, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Bevan E Huang
- Computational Sciences, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Guang Chen
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Timothy W Lovenberg
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David J Pocalyko
- Computational Sciences, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Xiang Yao
- Computational Sciences, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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Kwiatkowski MA, Hellemann G, Sugar CA, Cope ZA, Minassian A, Perry W, Geyer MA, Young JW. Dopamine transporter knockdown mice in the behavioral pattern monitor: A robust, reproducible model for mania-relevant behaviors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 178:42-50. [PMID: 29289701 PMCID: PMC10014035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to replicate results from both basic and clinical models have highlighted problems with reproducibility in science. In psychiatry, reproducibility issues are compounded because the complex behavioral syndromes make many disorders challenging to model. We develop translatable tasks that quantitatively measure psychiatry-relevant behaviors across species. The behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) was designed to analyze exploratory behaviors, which are altered in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), especially during mania episodes. We have repeatedly assessed the behavioral effects of reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in the BPM using a DAT knockdown (KD) mouse line (~10% normal expression). DAT KD mice exhibit a profile in the BPM consistent with acutely manic BD patients in the human version of the task-hyperactivity, increased exploratory behavior, and reduced spatial d (Perry et al., 2009). We collected data from multiple DAT KD BPM experiments in our laboratory to assess the reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments. The four outcomes analyzed were: 1) transitions (amount of locomotor activity); 2) rearings (exploratory activity); 3) holepokes (exploratory activity); and 4) spatial d (geometrical pattern of locomotor activity). By comparing DAT KD mice to wildtype (WT) littermates in every experiment, we calculated effect sizes for each of the four outcomes and then calculated a mean effect size using a random effects model. DAT KD mice exhibited robust, reproducible changes in each of the four outcomes, including increased transitions, rearings, and holepokes, and reduced spatial d, vs. WT littermates. Our results demonstrate that the DAT KD mouse line in the BPM is a consistent, reproducible model of mania-relevant behaviors. More work must be done to assess reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments in order to advance the field of psychiatry and develop more effective therapeutics for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zackary A Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - William Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA.; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA.; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA..
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19
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Pearl JR, Colantuoni C, Bergey DE, Funk CC, Shannon P, Basu B, Casella AM, Oshone RT, Hood L, Price ND, Ament SA. Genome-Scale Transcriptional Regulatory Network Models of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cell Syst 2019; 8:122-135.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Toker L, Mancarci BO, Tripathy S, Pavlidis P. Transcriptomic Evidence for Alterations in Astrocytes and Parvalbumin Interneurons in Subjects With Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:787-796. [PMID: 30177255 PMCID: PMC6226343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput expression analyses of postmortem brain tissue have been widely used to study bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, despite the extensive efforts, no consensus has emerged as to the functional interpretation of the findings. We hypothesized that incorporating information on cell type-specific expression would provide new insights. METHODS We reanalyzed 15 publicly available bulk tissue expression datasets on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, representing various brain regions from eight different cohorts of subjects (unique subjects: 332 control, 129 bipolar disorder, 341 schizophrenia). We studied changes in the expression profiles of cell type marker genes and evaluated whether these expression profiles could serve as surrogates for relative abundance of their corresponding cells. RESULTS In both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, we consistently observed an increase in the expression profiles of cortical astrocytes and a decrease in the expression profiles of fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons. No changes in astrocyte expression profiles were observed in subcortical regions. Furthermore, we found that many of the genes previously identified as differentially expressed in schizophrenia are highly correlated with the expression profiles of astrocytes or fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate convergence of transcriptome studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on changes in cortical astrocytes and fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons, providing a unified interpretation of numerous studies. We suggest that these changes can be attributed to alterations in the relative abundance of the cells and are important for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilah Toker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Burak Ogan Mancarci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shreejoy Tripathy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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21
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Poels EMP, Schrijver L, Kamperman AM, Hillegers MHJ, Hoogendijk WJG, Kushner SA, Roza SJ. Long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of intrauterine exposure to lithium and antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1209-1230. [PMID: 29948232 PMCID: PMC6133089 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lithium and antipsychotics are often prescribed to treat bipolar disorder or psychotic disorders in women of childbearing age. Little is known about the consequences of these medications during pregnancy for the developing child. The objective of this article is to systematically review findings from preclinical and clinical studies that have examined the neurodevelopmental consequences of intrauterine exposure to lithium and antipsychotics. A systematic search was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Clinical and experimental studies were selected if they investigated neurodevelopment of offspring exposed to lithium or antipsychotics during gestation. Quality of clinical and preclinical studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the SYRCLE's risk of Bias tool, respectively. In total, 73 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis and three studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. Of preclinical studies, 93% found one or more adverse effects of prenatal exposure to antipsychotics or lithium on neurodevelopment or behaviour. Only three clinical cohort studies have investigated the consequences of lithium exposure, all of which reported normal development. In 66% of clinical studies regarding antipsychotic exposure, a transient delay in neurodevelopment was observed. The relative risk for neuromotor deficits after in utero exposure to antipsychotics was estimated to be 1.63 (95% CI 1.22-2.19; I2 = 0%). Preclinical studies suggest long-term adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of intrauterine exposure to either lithium or antipsychotics. However, there is a lack of high-quality clinical studies. Interpretation is difficult, since most studies have compared exposed children with their peers from the unaffected population, which did not allow correction for potential influences regarding genetic predisposition or parental psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M P Poels
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisanne Schrijver
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M Kamperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Witte J G Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine J Roza
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Song Y, Liu Y, Wu P, Zhang F, Wang G. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis of peripheral blood from patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12583. [PMID: 30135499 PMCID: PMC6105577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves the interaction of heritability and environment. The aim of this study is to identify the global messenger RNA (mRNA) expressed in peripheral blood from 30 patients with OCD and 30 paired healthy controls. We generated whole-genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from all the subjects using microarrays. The expression of the top 10 mRNAs was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. We also performed an enrichment analysis of the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations of the differentially expressed mRNAs. We identified 51 mRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between the subjects with OCD and the controls (fold change ≥1.5; false discovery rate <0.05); 45 mRNAs were down-regulated and 6 mRNAs were up-regulated. The qRT-PCR analysis of 10 selected genes showed that they were all up-regulated, which was opposite to the results obtained from the microarrays. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ribosomal pathway was the most enriched pathway among the differentially expressed mRNAs. Our findings support the idea that altered genome expression profiles may underlie the development of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Wuxi Mental Health Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Wuxi Mental Health Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Wuxi Mental Health Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Identification of rare nonsynonymous variants in SYNE1/CPG2 in bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2018; 27:81-88. [PMID: 28178086 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder (BPD) is a severe mood disorder with a prevalence of ∼1.5% in the population. The pathogenesis of BPD is poorly understood; however, a strong heritable component has been identified. Previous genome-wide association studies have indicated a region on 6q25, coding for the SYNE1 gene, which increases disease susceptibility. SYNE1 encodes the synaptic nuclear envelope protein-1, nesprin-1. A brain-specific splice variant of SYNE1, CPG2 encoding candidate plasticity gene 2, has been identified. The intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism with the strongest genome-wide significant association in BPD, rs9371601, is present in both SYNE1 and CPG2. METHODS We screened 937 BPD samples for genetic variation in SYNE1 exons 14-33, which covers the CPG2 region, using high-resolution melt analysis. In addition, we screened two regions of increased transcriptional activity, one of them proposed to be the CPG2 promoter region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We identified six nonsynonymous and six synonymous variants. We genotyped three rare nonsynonymous variants, rs374866393, rs148346599 and rs200629713, in a total of 1099 BPD samples and 1056 controls. Burden analysis of these rare variants did not show a significant association with BPD. However, nine patients are compound heterozygotes for variants in SYNE1/CPG2, suggesting that rare coding variants may contribute significantly towards the complex genetic architecture underlying BPD. Imputation analysis in our own whole-genome sequencing sample of 99 BPD individuals identified an additional eight risk variants in the CPG2 region of SYNE1.
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24
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Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Physiological Roles of Metallothioneins in Central Nervous System Diseases. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1006-1013. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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25
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Criado-Marrero M, Rein T, Binder EB, Porter JT, Koren J, Blair LJ. Hsp90 and FKBP51: complex regulators of psychiatric diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0532. [PMID: 29203717 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders affect nearly a quarter of the world's population. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions is of great importance. FK-506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) encodes the FKBP51 protein, a heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) co-chaperone, and is a risk factor for several affective disorders. FKBP51, in coordination with Hsp90, regulates glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity via a short negative feedback loop. This signalling pathway rapidly restores homeostasis in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis following stress. Expression of FKBP5 increases with age through reduced DNA methylation. High levels of FKBP51 are linked to GR resistance and reduced stress coping behaviour. Moreover, common allelic variants in the FKBP5 gene are associated with increased risk of developing affective disorders like anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review highlights the current understanding of the Hsp90 co-chaperone, FKBP5, in disease from both human and animal studies. In addition, FKBP5 genetic implications in the clinic involving life stress exposure, gender differences and treatment outcomes are discussed.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marangelie Criado-Marrero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - James T Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732, USA
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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26
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Yan S, Wang W, Gao G, Cheng M, Wang X, Wang Z, Ma X, Chai C, Xu D. Key genes and functional coexpression modules involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8815-8825. [PMID: 29806703 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of genome-wide gene expression datasets to identify key genes and functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at a systems level. Genome-wide gene expression datasets involving SLE patients were searched in Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress databases. Robust rank aggregation (RRA) analysis was used to integrate those public datasets and identify key genes associated with SLE. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was adapted to identify functional modules involved in SLE pathogenesis, and the gene ontology enrichment analysis was utilized to explore their functions. The aberrant expressions of several randomly selected key genes were further validated in SLE patients through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fifteen genome-wide gene expression datasets were finally included, which involved a total of 1,778 SLE patients and 408 healthy controls. A large number of significantly upregulated or downregulated genes were identified through RRA analysis, and some of those genes were novel SLE gene signatures and their molecular roles in etiology of SLE remained vague. WGCNA further successfully identified six main functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The most important functional module involved in SLE included 182 genes and mainly enriched in biological processes, including defense response to virus, interferon signaling pathway, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. This study identifies a number of key genes and functional coexpression modules involved in SLE, which provides deepening insights into the molecular mechanism of SLE at a systems level and also provides some promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Guohong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zengyan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiufen Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chunxiang Chai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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27
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Rademaker MC, de Lange GM, Palmen SJMC. The Netherlands Brain Bank for Psychiatry. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 150:3-16. [PMID: 29496148 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63639-3.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB) performs rapid autopsies of donors who gave written informed consent during life for the use of their brain tissue and medical files for research. The NBB initiated the Netherlands Brain Bank for Psychiatry (NBB-Psy), a prospective donor program for psychiatric diseases. NBB-Psy wants to expand the tissue collections in order to provide a strong incentive to increase research in psychiatry. The ultimate goal of NBB-Psy is to reduce the burden of psychiatric disorders for patients, their families, and for society as a whole. NBB-Psy consists of an antemortem and postmortem donor program. This chapter focuses on the design of NBB-Psy and the antemortem donor program, where patients and relatives are actively informed on the possibility to become a brain donor. Since the initiation of NBB-Psy, the number of registered donors with a psychiatric diagnosis has increased from 149 in 2010 to 1018 in May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen C Rademaker
- The Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Fries GR, Gassen NC, Rein T. The FKBP51 Glucocorticoid Receptor Co-Chaperone: Regulation, Function, and Implications in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122614. [PMID: 29206196 PMCID: PMC5751217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the chaperones and co-chaperones regulating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 51 is the most intensely investigated across different disciplines. This review provides an update on the role of the different co-chaperones of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the regulation of GR function. The development leading to the focus on FKBP51 is outlined. Further, a survey of the vast literature on the mechanism and function of FKBP51 is provided. This includes its structure and biochemical function, its regulation on different levels—transcription, post-transcription, and post-translation—and its function in signaling pathways. The evidence portraying FKBP51 as a scaffolding protein organizing protein complexes rather than a chaperone contributing to the folding of individual proteins is collated. Finally, FKBP51’s involvement in physiology and disease is outlined, and the promising efforts in developing drugs targeting FKBP51 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Translational Science in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Science in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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29
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Zhang S, Deng L, Jia Q, Huang S, Gu J, Zhou F, Gao M, Sun X, Feng C, Fan G. dbMDEGA: a database for meta-analysis of differentially expressed genes in autism spectrum disorder. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:494. [PMID: 29145823 PMCID: PMC5691387 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are hereditary, heterogeneous and biologically complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Individual studies on gene expression in ASD cannot provide clear consensus conclusions. Therefore, a systematic review to synthesize the current findings from brain tissues and a search tool to share the meta-analysis results are urgently needed. Methods Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain gene expression profiles in the current reported human ASD expression datasets (with 84 frozen male cortex samples, 17 female cortex samples, 32 cerebellum samples and 4 formalin fixed samples) and knock-out mouse ASD model expression datasets (with 80 collective brain samples). Then, we applied R language software and developed an interactive shared and updated database (dbMDEGA) displaying the results of meta-analysis of data from ASD studies regarding differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain. Results This database, dbMDEGA (https://dbmdega.shinyapps.io/dbMDEGA/), is a publicly available web-portal for manual annotation and visualization of DEGs in the brain from data from ASD studies. This database uniquely presents meta-analysis values and homologous forest plots of DEGs in brain tissues. Gene entries are annotated with meta-values, statistical values and forest plots of DEGs in brain samples. This database aims to provide searchable meta-analysis results based on the current reported brain gene expression datasets of ASD to help detect candidate genes underlying this disorder. Conclusion This new analytical tool may provide valuable assistance in the discovery of DEGs and the elucidation of the molecular pathogenicity of ASD. This database model may be replicated to study other disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-017-1915-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Qiyue Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shaoting Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Junwang Gu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fankun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, BaYi Road 461, Nanchang, 330006, China. .,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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30
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Jiang MD, Zheng Y, Wang JL, Wang YF. Drug induces depression-like phenotypes and alters gene expression profiles in Drosophila. Brain Res Bull 2017. [PMID: 28625786 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness that affects more than 350 million people worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of depression are currently unclear. Studies suggest that Drosophila and humans have similar depression-like symptoms under pressure. In this research, we choose Drosophila melanogaster as the animal model to explore the molecular mechanisms that trigger depression. RESULTS We found that feeding D. melanogaster with the medium containing Levodopa or Chlorpromazine could induce depression-like phenotypes in both behavioral and biochemical biomarkers, including significantly decreased food intake, mating frequency, serotonin (5-HT) concentration, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as well as reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the progeny of Chlorpromazine-treated flies also showed these depression-like features. By RNA-seq technology, we identified 467 genes that were differentially expressed between Chlorpromazine treated (CPZ) and control male flies [fold-change of ≥2 (q-value<5%)]. When comparing CPZ with control flies, 312 genes were upregulated and 155 genes downregulated. Differential expression of genes related to metabolic pathway, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and lysozyme pathways were observed. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that 19 genes are differentially expressed in CPZ and control male flies. CONCLUSIONS Levodopa, or Chlorpromazine can induce depression-like phenotypes in D. melanogaster regarding changes of appetite and sexual activity, and some key biochemical markers. A total of 467 genes were identified by RNA-seq analysis to have at least a 2-fold-change in expression between CPZ and control flies, including genes involved in metabolism, neurological diseases and lysozyme pathways. Our data provide additional insight into molecular mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in humans and may also contribute to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Di Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Ya Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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31
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Bousleiman J, Pinsky A, Ki S, Su A, Morozova I, Kalachikov S, Wiqas A, Silver R, Sever M, Austin RN. Function of Metallothionein-3 in Neuronal Cells: Do Metal Ions Alter Expression Levels of MT3? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061133. [PMID: 28587098 PMCID: PMC5485957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of factors proposed to affect metallothionein-3 (MT3) function was carried out to elucidate the opaque role MT3 plays in human metalloneurochemistry. Gene expression of Mt2 and Mt3 was examined in tissues extracted from the dentate gyrus of mouse brains and in human neuronal cell cultures. The whole-genome gene expression analysis identified significant variations in the mRNA levels of genes associated with zinc homeostasis, including Mt2 and Mt3. Mt3 was found to be the most differentially expressed gene in the identified groups, pointing to the existence of a factor, not yet identified, that differentially controls Mt3 expression. To examine the expression of the human metallothioneins in neurons, mRNA levels of MT3 and MT2 were compared in BE(2)C and SH-SY5Y cell cultures treated with lead, zinc, cobalt, and lithium. MT2 was highly upregulated by Zn2+ in both cell cultures, while MT3 was not affected, and no other metal had an effect on either MT2 or MT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bousleiman
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Alexa Pinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Sohee Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Angela Su
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Irina Morozova
- Center for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Sergey Kalachikov
- Center for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Amen Wiqas
- Department of Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia Health Sciences, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Mary Sever
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rachel Narehood Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Tylee DS, Hess JL, Quinn TP, Barve R, Huang H, Zhang-James Y, Chang J, Stamova BS, Sharp FR, Hertz-Picciotto I, Faraone SV, Kong SW, Glatt SJ. Blood transcriptomic comparison of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder: A combined-samples mega-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:181-201. [PMID: 27862943 PMCID: PMC5499528 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Blood-based microarray studies comparing individuals affected with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing individuals help characterize differences in circulating immune cell functions and offer potential biomarker signal. We sought to combine the subject-level data from previously published studies by mega-analysis to increase the statistical power. We identified studies that compared ex vivo blood or lymphocytes from ASD-affected individuals and unrelated comparison subjects using Affymetrix or Illumina array platforms. Raw microarray data and clinical meta-data were obtained from seven studies, totaling 626 affected and 447 comparison subjects. Microarray data were processed using uniform methods. Covariate-controlled mixed-effect linear models were used to identify gene transcripts and co-expression network modules that were significantly associated with diagnostic status. Permutation-based gene-set analysis was used to identify functionally related sets of genes that were over- and under-expressed among ASD samples. Our results were consistent with diminished interferon-, EGF-, PDGF-, PI3K-AKT-mTOR-, and RAS-MAPK-signaling cascades, and increased ribosomal translation and NK-cell related activity in ASD. We explored evidence for sex-differences in the ASD-related transcriptomic signature. We also demonstrated that machine-learning classifiers using blood transcriptome data perform with moderate accuracy when data are combined across studies. Comparing our results with those from blood-based studies of protein biomarkers (e.g., cytokines and trophic factors), we propose that ASD may feature decoupling between certain circulating signaling proteins (higher in ASD samples) and the transcriptional cascades which they typically elicit within circulating immune cells (lower in ASD samples). These findings provide insight into ASD-related transcriptional differences in circulating immune cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Tylee
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan L. Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Thomas P. Quinn
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Rahul Barve
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, U.S.A
| | - Boryana S. Stamova
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences and UC Davis MIND Institute, School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A,To whom correspondence should be addressed: SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, Phone: (315) 464-7742,
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Xiao X, Chang H, Li M. Molecular mechanisms underlying noncoding risk variations in psychiatric genetic studies. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:497-511. [PMID: 28044063 PMCID: PMC5378805 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale genetic approaches such as genome-wide association studies have allowed the identification of common genetic variations that contribute to risk architectures of psychiatric disorders. However, most of these susceptibility variants are located in noncoding genomic regions that usually span multiple genes. As a result, pinpointing the precise variant(s) and biological mechanisms accounting for the risk remains challenging. By reviewing recent progresses in genetics, functional genomics and neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, as well as gene expression analyses of brain tissues, here we propose a roadmap to characterize the roles of noncoding risk loci in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses (that is, identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms explaining the genetic risk conferred by those genomic loci, and recognizing putative functional causative variants). This roadmap involves integration of transcriptomic data, epidemiological and bioinformatic methods, as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. These tools will promote the translation of genetic discoveries to physiological mechanisms, and ultimately guide the development of preventive, therapeutic and prognostic measures for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Pantazopoulos H, Wiseman JT, Markota M, Ehrenfeld L, Berretta S. Decreased Numbers of Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Amygdala of Subjects With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia: Relationship to Circadian Rhythms. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:536-547. [PMID: 27259817 PMCID: PMC5065936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence points to a key role for somatostatin (SST) in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). In the amygdala, neurons expressing SST play an important role in the regulation of anxiety, which is often comorbid in these disorders. We tested the hypothesis that SST-immunoreactive (IR) neurons are decreased in the amygdala of subjects with SZ and BD. Evidence for circadian SST expression in the amygdala and disrupted circadian rhythms and rhythmic peaks of anxiety in BD suggest a disruption of rhythmic expression of SST in this disorder. METHODS Amygdala sections from 12 SZ, 15 BD, and 15 control subjects were processed for immunocytochemistry for SST and neuropeptide Y, a neuropeptide partially coexpressed in SST-IR neurons. Total numbers (Nt) of IR neurons were measured. Time of death was used to test associations with circadian rhythms. RESULTS SST-IR neurons were decreased in the lateral amygdala nucleus in BD (Nt, p = .003) and SZ (Nt, p = .02). In normal control subjects, Nt of SST-IR neurons varied according to time of death. This pattern was altered in BD subjects, characterized by decreases of SST-IR neurons selectively in subjects with time of death corresponding to the day (6:00 am to 5:59 pm). Numbers of neuropeptide Y-IR neurons were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Decreased SST-IR neurons in the amygdala of patients with SZ and BD, interpreted here as decreased SST expression, may disrupt responses to fear and anxiety regulation in these individuals. In BD, our findings raise the possibility that morning peaks of anxiety depend on a disruption of circadian regulation of SST expression in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pantazopoulos
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jason T Wiseman
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont
| | - Matej Markota
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lucy Ehrenfeld
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pacifico R, Davis RL. Transcriptome sequencing implicates dorsal striatum-specific gene network, immune response and energy metabolism pathways in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:441-449. [PMID: 27350034 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous mental illness whose manifestations often include impulsive and risk-taking behavior. This particular phenotype suggests that abnormal striatal function could be involved in BD etiology, yet most transcriptomic studies of this disorder have concentrated on cortical brain regions. We believe we report the first transcriptome sequencing of the postmortem human dorsal striatum comparing bipolar (18) and control (17) subjects. Fourteen genes were detected as differentially expressed at a 5% false discovery rate, including a few immune response genes such as NLRC5, S100A12, LILRA4 and FCGBP, as well as an assortment of non-protein coding genes. Functional pathway analysis found an enrichment of upregulated genes across many immune/inflammation pathways and an enrichment of downregulated genes among oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Co-expression network analysis revealed 20 modules of highly interconnected genes; two of the modules were significantly enriched for BD susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms deriving from a large genome-wide association study data set. Remarkably, the module with the highest genetic association signal for BD, which contained many genes from signaling pathways, was also enriched in markers characteristic of gene expression in dorsal striatum medium spiny neurons-unlike most other modules, which showed no such regional and neuronal specificity. These findings draw a link between BD etiology at the gene level and a specific brain region, and highlight striatal signaling pathways as potential targets for the development of novel treatments to manage BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pacifico
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - R L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Chatterjee SS, Mitra S, Pal SK. Mania in Wolfram's Disease: From Bedside to Bench. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:70-72. [PMID: 28138115 PMCID: PMC5290722 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome is a relatively unexplored entity in clinical psychiatry. Historically, the discovery of a specific WFS1 gene had generated huge fanfare regarding specific genetic causations of psychiatric disorders. While the initial enthusiasm has faded now, association of Wolfram syndrome with psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia, psychosis and suicidal behavior still remain important for understanding biological underpinnings of such disorders. We report a case of Wolfram syndrome presenting with multiple manic episodes, discuss possible genetic underpinnings for the affective symptoms and then discuss certain issues regarding management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayantanava Mitra
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Salil Kumar Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
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37
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Sigitova E, Fišar Z, Hroudová J, Cikánková T, Raboch J. Biological hypotheses and biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:77-103. [PMID: 27800654 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders (BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Creation of new hypotheses in the field gives impetus for studies and for finding new biomarkers for BD. Conversely, new biomarkers facilitate not only diagnosis of a disorder and monitoring of biological effects of treatment, but also formulation of new hypotheses about the causes and pathophysiology of the BD. BD is characterized by multiple associations between disturbed brain development, neuroplasticity, and chronobiology, caused by: genetic and environmental factors; defects in apoptotic, immune-inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophin, and calcium-signaling pathways; oxidative and nitrosative stress; cellular bioenergetics; and membrane or vesicular transport. Current biological hypotheses of BD are summarized, including related pathophysiological processes and key biomarkers, which have been associated with changes in genetics, systems of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, cytokines, stress axis activity, chronobiology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Here we also discuss the therapeutic hypotheses and mechanisms of the switch between depressive and manic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sigitova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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38
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Raab K, Kirsch P, Mier D. Understanding the impact of 5-HTTLPR, antidepressants, and acute tryptophan depletion on brain activation during facial emotion processing: A review of the imaging literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:176-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Luykx JJ, Olde Loohuis LM, Neeleman M, Strengman E, Bakker SC, Lentjes E, Borgdorff P, van Dongen EPA, Bruins P, Kahn RS, Horvath S, de Jong S, Ophoff RA. Peripheral blood gene expression profiles linked to monoamine metabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e983. [PMID: 27959337 PMCID: PMC5290339 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier separates circulating blood from the central nervous system (CNS). The scope of this barrier is not fully understood which limits our ability to relate biological measurements from peripheral to central phenotypes. For example, it is unknown to what extent gene expression levels in peripheral blood are reflective of CNS metabolism. In this study, we examine links between central monoamine metabolite levels and whole-blood gene expression to better understand the connection between peripheral systems and the CNS. To that end, we correlated the prime monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with whole-genome gene expression microarray data from blood (N=240 human subjects). We additionally applied gene-enrichment analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) to identify modules of co-expressed genes in blood that may be involved with monoamine metabolite levels in CSF. Transcript levels of two genes were significantly associated with CSF serotonin metabolite levels after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing: THAP7 (P=2.8 × 10-8, β=0.08) and DDX6 (P=2.9 × 10-7, β=0.07). Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched for genes expressed in the brain tissue (P=6.0 × 10-52). WGCNA revealed significant correlations between serotonin metabolism and hub genes with known functions in serotonin metabolism, for example, HTR2A and COMT. We conclude that gene expression levels in whole blood are associated with monoamine metabolite levels in the human CSF. Our results, including the strong enrichment of brain-expressed genes, illustrate that gene expression profiles in peripheral blood can be relevant for quantitative metabolic phenotypes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Translational Neuroscience Human Neurogenetics Unit, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Neeleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S C Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Lentjes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Borgdorff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E P A van Dongen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Bruins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S de Jong
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. E-mail:
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40
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Hess JL, Tylee DS, Barve R, de Jong S, Ophoff RA, Kumarasinghe N, Tooney P, Schall U, Gardiner E, Beveridge NJ, Scott RJ, Yasawardene S, Perera A, Mendis J, Carr V, Kelly B, Cairns M, Tsuang MT, Glatt SJ. Transcriptome-wide mega-analyses reveal joint dysregulation of immunologic genes and transcription regulators in brain and blood in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:114-124. [PMID: 27450777 PMCID: PMC5026943 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of microarray technology in schizophrenia research was heralded as paradigm-shifting, as it allowed for high-throughput assessment of cell and tissue function. This technology was widely adopted, initially in studies of postmortem brain tissue, and later in studies of peripheral blood. The collective body of schizophrenia microarray literature contains apparent inconsistencies between studies, with failures to replicate top hits, in part due to small sample sizes, cohort-specific effects, differences in array types, and other confounders. In an attempt to summarize existing studies of schizophrenia cases and non-related comparison subjects, we performed two mega-analyses of a combined set of microarray data from postmortem prefrontal cortices (n=315) and from ex-vivo blood tissues (n=578). We adjusted regression models per gene to remove non-significant covariates, providing best-estimates of transcripts dysregulated in schizophrenia. We also examined dysregulation of functionally related gene sets and gene co-expression modules, and assessed enrichment of cell types and genetic risk factors. The identities of the most significantly dysregulated genes were largely distinct for each tissue, but the findings indicated common emergent biological functions (e.g. immunity) and regulatory factors (e.g., predicted targets of transcription factors and miRNA species across tissues). Our network-based analyses converged upon similar patterns of heightened innate immune gene expression in both brain and blood in schizophrenia. We also constructed generalizable machine-learning classifiers using the blood-based microarray data. Our study provides an informative atlas for future pathophysiologic and biomarker studies of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Syracuse, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology, Syracuse, NY, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Daniel S Tylee
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Syracuse, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology, Syracuse, NY, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Barve
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Syracuse, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology, Syracuse, NY, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Simone de Jong
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul Tooney
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Erin Gardiner
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Natalie Jane Beveridge
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Antionette Perera
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayan Mendis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vaughan Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Murray Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Syracuse, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology, Syracuse, NY, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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41
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Isaksson J, Comasco E, Åslund C, Rehn M, Tuvblad C, Andershed H, Nilsson KW. Associations between the FKBP5 haplotype, exposure to violence and anxiety in females. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 72:196-204. [PMID: 27448712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The gene that encodes the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is regarded as a candidate for investigating how negative life events interact with a genetic predisposition to stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Given the role of FKBP5 as an important regulator of stress responses, we aimed to investigate if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5-in the presence/absence of exposure to violence-are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Data from two community-based samples of adolescents (n=1705) and young adults (n=1800) regarding ratings on depression, anxiety, exposure to violence and FKBP5 genotype were collected. A risk haplogenotype including the minor alleles of seven common SNPs in the FKBP5 (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9394309, rs9470080 and rs4713916) conferred higher ratings on anxiety among females, but not males, in the presence of violence. Exposure to violence and female sex were associated with higher ratings on both depression and anxiety, with the exception of ratings on depression among young adults, on which sex had no effect. Ratings on depression were not associated with the haplogenotype. These findings may correspond to differences in the regulation of the HPA axis and with the higher vulnerability to anxiety in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Isaksson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Mattias Rehn
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA 90089-1061, USA; School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henrik Andershed
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
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Chang H, Li L, Peng T, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Bergen SE, Landén M, Hultman CM, Forstner AJ, Strohmaier J, Hecker J, Schulze TG, Müller-Myhsok B, Reif A, Mitchell PB, Martin NG, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B, Kahn JP, Henry C, Rietschel M, Xiao X, Li M. Identification of a Bipolar Disorder Vulnerable Gene CHDH at 3p21.1. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5166-5176. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hughes T, Hansson L, Sønderby IE, Athanasiu L, Zuber V, Tesli M, Song J, Hultman CM, Bergen SE, Landén M, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Djurovic S. A Loss-of-Function Variant in a Minor Isoform of ANK3 Protects Against Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:323-330. [PMID: 26682468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankyrin-3 (ANK3) was one of the first genes to reach significance in a bipolar disorder genome-wide association study. Many subsequent association studies confirmed this finding and implicated this gene in schizophrenia. However, the exact nature of the role of ANK3 in the pathophysiology remains elusive. In particular, the specific isoforms involved and the nature of the imbalance are unknown. METHODS We genotyped a Norwegian sample of 402 patients with bipolar disorder, 293 patients with schizophrenia, and 330 healthy control subjects genome-wide with the Illumina Human Exome BeadChip. We performed allelic association tests at the genome-wide and gene levels and found a significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism in a splice site of ANK3. We replicated this finding in two other samples and studied the functional effect of this single nucleotide polymorphism by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the affected exon junction in complementary DNA from blood total RNA. RESULTS The splice site single nucleotide polymorphism (rs41283526) is located in an alternatively spliced exon of ANK3 and has a strong and significant protective effect against bipolar disorder (odds ratio = .31) and schizophrenia (odds ratio = .21). The minor allele of rs41283526 is a loss-of-function variant that disables the correct splicing of the transcript. Data from the BrainSpan human developmental transcriptome show that the exon bearing this variant is expressed only in a minor isoform of ANK3, the transcription of which is initiated in early adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that an elevated expression of this transcript starting in adolescence may be an important factor in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.
| | - Lars Hansson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Verena Zuber
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Disinhibition of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase restores the amplification of circadian rhythms by lithium in cells from bipolar disorder patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1310-9. [PMID: 27216486 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by depression, mania, and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Lithium, a treatment for BD stabilizes mood and increases circadian rhythm amplitude. However, in fibroblasts grown from BD patients, lithium has weak effects on rhythm amplitude compared to healthy controls. To understand the mechanism by which lithium differentially affects rhythm amplitude in BD cells, we investigated the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and related signaling molecules linked to BD and circadian rhythms. In fibroblasts from BD patients, controls and mice, we assessed the contribution of the ERK pathway to lithium-induced circadian rhythm amplification. Protein analyses revealed low phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK) content in fibroblasts from BD patients vs. CONTROLS Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 attenuated the rhythm amplification effect of lithium, while inhibition of two related kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38 did not. Knockdown of the transcription factors CREB and EGR-1, downstream effectors of ERK1/2, reduced baseline rhythm amplitude, but did not alter rhythm amplification by lithium. In contrast, ELK-1 knockdown amplified rhythms, an effect that was not increased further by the addition of lithium, suggesting this transcription factor may regulate the effect of lithium on amplitude. Augmentation of ERK1/2 signaling through DUSP6 knockdown sensitized NIH3T3 cells to rhythm amplification by lithium. In BD fibroblasts, DUSP6 knockdown reversed the BD rhythm phenotype, restoring the ability of lithium to increase amplitude in these cells. We conclude that the inability of lithium to regulate circadian rhythms in BD may reflect reduced ERK activity, and signaling through ELK-1.
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Walker RM, Sussmann JE, Whalley HC, Ryan NM, Porteous DJ, McIntosh AM, Evans KL. Preliminary assessment of pre-morbid DNA methylation in individuals at high genetic risk of mood disorders. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:410-22. [PMID: 27440233 PMCID: PMC5006843 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence implicates altered DNA methylation in psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). It is not clear, however, whether these changes are causative or result from illness progression or treatment. To disentangle these possibilities we profiled genome-wide DNA methylation in well, unrelated individuals at high familial risk of mood disorder. DNA methylation was compared between individuals who subsequently developed BD or MDD [ill later (IL)] and those who remained well [well later (WL)]. METHODS DNA methylation profiles were obtained from whole-blood samples from 22 IL and 23 WL individuals using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Differential methylation was assessed on a single-locus and regional basis. Pathway analysis was performed to assess enrichment for particular biological processes amongst nominally significantly differentially methylated loci. RESULTS Although no locus withstood correction for multiple testing, uncorrected P-values provided suggestive evidence for altered methylation at sites within genes previously implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions, such as Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) and Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein-Like 1 ([IL1RAPL1]; P≤3.11×10(-5) ). Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment for several neurologically relevant pathways and functions, including Nervous System Development and Function and Behavior; these findings withstood multiple testing correction (q≤0.05). Analysis of differentially methylated regions identified several within the major histocompatibility complex (P≤.000 479), a region previously implicated in schizophrenia and BD. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide provisional evidence for the involvement of altered whole-blood DNA methylation in neurologically relevant genes in the aetiology of mood disorders. These findings are convergent with the findings of genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie May Walker
- Medical Genetics SectionCentre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineThe University of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Jessika Elizabeth Sussmann
- Division of PsychiatryThe University of EdinburghRoyal Edinburgh HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Heather Clare Whalley
- Division of PsychiatryThe University of EdinburghRoyal Edinburgh HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Niamh Margaret Ryan
- Medical Genetics SectionCentre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineThe University of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - David John Porteous
- Medical Genetics SectionCentre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineThe University of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Andrew Mark McIntosh
- Division of PsychiatryThe University of EdinburghRoyal Edinburgh HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kathryn Louise Evans
- Medical Genetics SectionCentre for Genomic and Experimental MedicineInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineThe University of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Pfaffenseller B, da Silva Magalhães PV, De Bastiani MA, Castro MAA, Gallitano AL, Kapczinski F, Klamt F. Differential expression of transcriptional regulatory units in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder: potential role of early growth response gene 3. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e805. [PMID: 27163206 PMCID: PMC5070056 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Despite its high degree of heritability, current genetic studies have failed to reveal individual loci of large effect size. In lieu of focusing on individual genes, we investigated regulatory units (regulons) in BD to identify candidate transcription factors (TFs) that regulate large groups of differentially expressed genes. Network-based approaches should elucidate the molecular pathways governing the pathophysiology of BD and reveal targets for potential therapeutic intervention. The data from a large-scale microarray study was used to reconstruct the transcriptional associations in the human prefrontal cortex, and results from two independent microarray data sets to obtain BD gene signatures. The regulatory network was derived by mapping the significant interactions between known TFs and all potential targets. Five regulons were identified in both transcriptional network models: early growth response 3 (EGR3), TSC22 domain family, member 4 (TSC22D4), interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2), Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) and MAP-kinase-activating death domain (MADD). With a high stringency threshold, the consensus across tests was achieved only for the EGR3 regulon. We identified EGR3 in the prefrontal cortex as a potential key target, robustly repressed in both BD signatures. Considering that EGR3 translates environmental stimuli into long-term changes in the brain, disruption in biological pathways involving EGR3 may induce an impaired response to stress and influence on risk for psychiatric disorders, particularly BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pfaffenseller
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P V da Silva Magalhães
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre 90035 903, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - M A De Bastiani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M A A Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A L Gallitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - F Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Walker RM, Christoforou AN, McCartney DL, Morris SW, Kennedy NA, Morten P, Anderson SM, Torrance HS, Macdonald A, Sussmann JE, Whalley HC, Blackwood DHR, McIntosh AM, Porteous DJ, Evans KL. DNA methylation in a Scottish family multiply affected by bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:5. [PMID: 26798408 PMCID: PMC4721115 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, familial psychiatric condition. Progress in understanding the aetiology of BD has been hampered by substantial phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. We sought to mitigate these confounders by studying a multi-generational family multiply affected by BD and major depressive disorder (MDD), who carry an illness-linked haplotype on chromosome 4p. Within a family, aetiological heterogeneity is likely to be reduced, thus conferring greater power to detect illness-related changes. As accumulating evidence suggests that altered DNA methylation confers risk for BD and MDD, we compared genome-wide methylation between (i) affected carriers of the linked haplotype (ALH) and married-in controls (MIs), (ii) well unaffected haplotype carriers (ULH) and MI, (iii) ALH and ULH and (iv) all haplotype carriers (LH) and MI. RESULTS Nominally significant differences in DNA methylation were observed in all comparisons, with differences withstanding correction for multiple testing when the ALH or LH group was compared to the MIs. In both comparisons, we observed increased methylation at a locus in FANCI, which was accompanied by increased FANCI expression in the ALH group. FANCI is part of the Fanconi anaemia complementation (FANC) gene family, which are mutated in Fanconi anaemia and participate in DNA repair. Interestingly, several FANC genes have been implicated in psychiatric disorders. Regional analyses of methylation differences identified loci implicated in psychiatric illness by genome-wide association studies, including CACNB2 and the major histocompatibility complex. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment for methylation differences in neurologically relevant genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight altered DNA methylation as a potential mechanism by which the linked haplotype might confer risk for mood disorders. Differences in the phenotypic outcome of haplotype carriers might, in part, arise from additional changes in DNA methylation that converge on neurologically important pathways. Further work is required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences of the observed differences in methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie May Walker
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Andrea Nikie Christoforou
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Stewart W Morris
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Peter Morten
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Susan Maguire Anderson
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Helen Scott Torrance
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Alix Macdonald
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Heather Clare Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Douglas H R Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Mark McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK ; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - David John Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Kathryn Louise Evans
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
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Lin E, Tsai SJ. Genome-wide microarray analysis of gene expression profiling in major depression and antidepressant therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:334-40. [PMID: 25708651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious health concern worldwide. Currently there are no predictive tests for the effectiveness of any particular antidepressant in an individual patient. Thus, doctors must prescribe antidepressants based on educated guesses. With the recent advent of scientific research, genome-wide gene expression microarray studies are widely utilized to analyze hundreds of thousands of biomarkers by high-throughput technologies. In addition to the candidate-gene approach, the genome-wide approach has recently been employed to investigate the determinants of MDD as well as antidepressant response to therapy. In this review, we mainly focused on gene expression studies with genome-wide approaches using RNA derived from peripheral blood cells. Furthermore, we reviewed their limitations and future directions with respect to the genome-wide gene expression profiling in MDD pathogenesis as well as in antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Vita Genomics, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tein K, Kasvandik S, Kõks S, Vasar E, Terasmaa A. Prohormone convertase 2 activity is increased in the hippocampus of Wfs1 knockout mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:45. [PMID: 26379490 PMCID: PMC4548212 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in WFS1 gene cause Wolfram syndrome, which is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, and deafness. The WFS1 gene product wolframin is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mice lacking this gene exhibit disturbances in the processing and secretion of peptides, such as vasopressin and insulin. In the brain, high levels of the wolframin protein have been observed in the hippocampus, amygdala, and limbic structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Wfs1 knockout (KO) on peptide processing in mouse hippocampus. A peptidomic approach was used to characterize individual peptides in the hippocampus of wild-type and Wfs1 KO mice. Results: We identified 126 peptides in hippocampal extracts and the levels of 10 peptides differed between Wfs1 KO and wild-type mice at P < 0.05. The peptide with the largest alteration was little-LEN, which level was 25 times higher in the hippocampus of Wfs1 KO mice compared to wild-type mice. Processing (cleavage) of little-LEN from the Pcsk1n gene product proSAAS involves prohormone convertase 2 (PC2). Thus, PC2 activity was measured in extracts prepared from the hippocampus of Wfs1 KO mice. The activity of PC2 in Wfs1 mutant mice was significantly higher (149.9 ± 2.3%, p < 0.0001, n = 8) than in wild-type mice (100.0 ± 7.0%, n = 8). However, Western blot analysis showed that protein levels of 7B2, proPC2 and PC2 were same in both groups, and so were gene expression levels. Conclusion: Processing of proSAAS is altered in the hippocampus of Wfs1-KO mice, which is caused by increased activity of PC2. Increased activity of PC2 in Wfs1 KO mice is not caused by alteration in the levels of PC2 protein. Our results suggest a functional link between Wfs1 and PC2. Thus, the detailed molecular mechanism of the role of Wfs1 in the regulation of PC2 activity needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tein
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- Proteomics core facility, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anton Terasmaa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Migraine has been defined as a common disabling primary headache disorder. Epidemiology studies have provided with the undeniable evidence of genetic components as active players in the development of the disease under a polygenic model in which multiple risk alleles exert modest individual effects. Our objective was to test the contribution of a polygenic effect to migraine risk in the Norfolk Island population using a panel of SNPs reported to be disease associated in published migraine GWAS. We also investigated whether individual SNPs were associated with gene expression levels measured in whole blood. Polygenic scores were calculated in a total of 285 related individuals (74 cases, 211 controls) from the Norfolk Island using 51 SNPs previously reported to be associated with migraine in published GWAS. The association between polygenic score and migraine case-control status was tested using logistic regression. Results indicate that a migraine polygenic risk score was associated with migraine case-control status in this population (P = 0.016). This supports the hypothesis that multiple SNPs with weak effects collectively contribute to migraine risk in this population. Amongst the SNPs included in the polygenic model, four were associated with the expression of the USMG5 gene, including rs171251 (P = 0.012). Results from this study provide evidence for a polygenic contribution to migraine risk in an isolated population and highlight specific SNPs that regulate the expression of USMG5, a gene critical for mitochondrial function.
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