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Eckart A, Bhochhibhoya A, Stavitz J, Sharma Ghimire P, Mathieson K. Associations of animal source foods, cardiovascular disease history, and health behaviors from the national health and nutrition examination survey: 2013-2016. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 5:100112. [PMID: 37638374 PMCID: PMC10446117 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some individuals adopt vegetarian or plant-based diets to improve their health. Observational evidence suggests diets composed of higher amounts of animal-source foods (ASFs) are associated with increased risk for disease and early mortality. In many of these studies, those who ate fewer animal-source foods reported fewer disease risk factors and unhealthy behaviors, which could indicate bias. Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships between ASF consumption, health behaviors, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in a population-representative sample of U.S. civilians controlling for confounders. Methods Respondent data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 collection years. Collected data included demographics, ASF intake, healthy lifestyle variables, body mass index, and blood lipids. Results There was a higher proportion of those with CVD history who consumed red meat (61.3%; C.I. 41.7%-77.8%), but the proportion was lower for white (23.3%; C.I. 12.6%-39.0%) and processed meat (15.4%; C.I. 6.5%-32.3%). When adjusted for sex, the odds of CVD history increased for red meat compared to processed meat consumption (OR 2.95; C.I. 1.14-7.66). Unhealthy lifestyle increased the odds of CVD history by nearly 8-fold (OR 7.8; C.I. 3.44-17.7). Individual factors including age, smoking history, body mass index, and blood lipids, and demographic factors, including education level, race, and income, were also associated with increased odds for CVD history. ROC analysis revealed 77.2% AUC for CVD history classified by individual factors (BMI ≥30 kg/m**2, ≤ 30 min moderate physical activity, smoker, fiber intake ≤25 g, dental visit more than two years ago, and age above 60 years). Three or more factors moderately predicted CVD history when optimized for sensitivity (73.4%) and specificity (71%). Adjusted for sex, the relationship between CVD and moderate physical activity became stronger possibly reflecting lifestyle changes. Despite evidence of lifestyle changes, modifiable risk factors persisted in the CVD group. CVD diagnosis in males was substantially delayed compared to females concerning the sex-specific age cutoff associated with higher risk. The healthy lifestyle group was characterized by earlier CVD diagnosis and fewer overall risk factors compared to the unhealthy lifestyle group. Conclusion CVD history was strongly associated with demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Future research should focus on multidimensional models for disease risk stratification and prevention, including individual, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Eckart
- Kean University, College of Health Professions and Human Services, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Amir Bhochhibhoya
- Kean University, College of Health Professions and Human Services, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - James Stavitz
- Kean University, College of Health Professions and Human Services, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Pragya Sharma Ghimire
- Kean University, College of Health Professions and Human Services, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Kathleen Mathieson
- A.T. Still University, College of Graduate Health Studies, 5850 E. Still Circle, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA
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Kuang Z, Zhang B, Li X, Zhao J, Xu J, Wei Z, Li L, Dong J, Yu X, Li J, Zhao J, Shi B. Evaluation of lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression in patients with hematologic disorders. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35863. [PMID: 37986349 PMCID: PMC10659686 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with hematologic disorders may experience anxiety and depression due to their immunocompromised status and potential side effects of therapies. Healthy lifestyle behaviors might enhance the mental health. To evaluate the association of both separate and clustering pattern lifestyle behaviors with anxiety and depression in hematological patients, healthcare providers can develop future initiatives that respond to the specific needs of this population. A total of 185 patients with hematologic disorders were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Linear regression analysis was performed to measure the association of separate lifestyles with anxiety and depression. Latent class analysis was further conducted to identify homogeneous and mutually exclusive lifestyle classes, and the logistic regression was then used to assess the relationship between class memberships and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The study found sleep quality was correlated with anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, no association of anxious and depressive symptoms with sitting and exercise, dietary habits, toxicant exposure, drinking, and smoking, in either the overall patient population or patients classified by hematologic neoplasms. Two latent classes of lifestyle behaviors were further identified, but the class memberships were independent of anxiety and depression. The study suggested that promoting sleep quality was a viable intervention for patients with hematologic disorders. However, the clustering pattern of lifestyles may not be a reliable indicator of psychological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexiang Kuang
- Hospice Research Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoxin Shi
- Hospice Research Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Jeżewska-Zychowicz M. Lifestyle Variation among the Elderly: Do Nutritional Knowledge and Diet Quality Differ When the Other Lifestyle Components Are Similar? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2057. [PMID: 37895438 PMCID: PMC10608023 DOI: 10.3390/life13102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Older people's health is strongly determined by their lifestyle, and its deterioration is a cause for concern and calls for effective efforts to slow down the process. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between diet quality and other non-food lifestyle elements. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional survey among 271 Polish elder citizens. A K-means cluster analysis was applied to separate homogeneous groups by lifestyle components (without diet) and a logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between identified clusters and sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional knowledge and diet quality. Three homogenous clusters were identified, i.e., individuals with moderate physical activity and recommended sleep duration (pro-healthy), with low physical activity (low PA), and with short sleep (short sleep). Gender, age, education, place of residence, BMI, and health-promoting diet index (pHDI) did not differentiate adherence to clusters. The probability of being in the pro-healthy cluster increased with nutritional knowledge and declaring the same or better health status compared to peers, while it decreased when above-average financial status was reported. The obtained results importantly extend the previous findings by showing that the individual elements of lifestyle should be also perceived in the context of others. Further research focused on lifestyle as a whole might considerably support the implementation of multifaceted lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Jeżewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Fernandes APG, Cardoso VR, dos Santos KC, Migliaccio MM, Pinto JM. Factors related to the accumulation of healthy behavior among older adults attending primary Health Care. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2022; 15:677-690. [PMID: 35855847 PMCID: PMC9281228 DOI: 10.1007/s12062-022-09376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviors contribute for its accumulation throughout life, which require more than information disclosure and recommendations. Biopsychosocial factors may work as barriers to adherence to healthier behaviors, and yet have been underexplored. The objective was to investigate the factors related to the accumulation of healthy behavior among older adults attending Primary Health Care. Cross-sectional analysis with 201 older adults from baseline of Longitudinal Investigation of Functioning Epidemiology (LIFE) was performed in a Southeastern Brazilian city. The Healthy Behavior Score (HBS), ranging from 0 to 8, was calculated by the sum of the following habits: Physical activity practice, healthy eating, water consumption, night sleep time, not smoking, not drinking alcohol, frequent social relations, and spirituality. A linear multivariate regression was performed to test the influence of biopsychosocial aspects on HBS, with 95% confidence interval. Higher number of healthy behaviors was related to high social support, better cognitive status, less depressive symptoms and lower functional performance. Additionally, age and resilience score were correlated to healthy behaviors, which were higher among women and those with sufficient income. Multivariate analysis revealed depressive symptoms, functional performance and education as independent predictors of HBS. Depressive symptoms, functional performance and education are predictors of accumulation of health behaviors, independently of health status, contextual and sociodemographic aspects. Higher social support partially contributed to the higher number of healthy behaviors, and should be considered in public health policies for healthy longevity.
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Experiences and Expectations of Ethnic Minorities and Majorities towards Community Pharmacy Medicines-Related Services in Estonia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084755. [PMID: 35457620 PMCID: PMC9024469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The unique professional competence of pharmacists can support the safe and effective use of medicines by patients. Additionally, it is important to acknowledge and incorporate the needs of patients with various cultural and social backgrounds. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the experiences and expectations of Russian- and Estonian-speaking pharmacy customers about medicines-related services in Estonian community pharmacies. Cross-sectional study among pharmacy customers was conducted in Estonia 2018−2020. For data analysis, an Independent t-Test was used to compare experiences and expectations of respondents towards medicines-related services. The study involved 552 pharmacy customers: 58.5% (n = 323) Estonians and 41.5% (n = 229) Russians. The majority of the total sample (78.3%) considered the pharmacist competent to help. Medicines-related concerns were more common among Russians (p = 0.037), however, they sought less contact to consult a pharmacist than Estonians (p < 0.001). Furthermore, expectations about different medicines-related services in the future were higher among Estonians than among Russians (p < 0.001). Community pharmacists in Estonia should focus more on person-centered care to better meet the expectations and needs of different ethnic groups about medicines-related services. It is also important to reduce the language barrier and to increase the recognition of cultural traditions by health professionals.
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Seematter-Bagnoud L, Santos-Eggimann B, Nanchen D, Blanco JM, Büla C, von Gunten A, Démonet JF, Henchoz Y. Older People's Health-Related Behaviors: Evidence from Three Cohorts of the Lc65+ Study. Behav Med 2021; 47:246-250. [PMID: 32078491 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1684234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Baby-boomers might be more health-conscious than earlier birth cohorts, but limited evidence has been produced so far. To investigate such changes, this study compared health-related behaviors at age 65 to 70 among three successive five-year birth cohorts (pre-war: born 1934-1938; war: born 1939-1943 and baby-boom: born 1944-1948) representative of the community-dwelling population. Information about alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, and nutrition was compared across the three cohorts (n = 4,270 participants) using Chi-squared test. Alcohol and the mean nutritional intake score did not vary across cohorts, whereas the consumption of nonalcoholic drinks increased significantly from pre-war to war and to baby-boom cohort (p<.001). Other differences across cohorts were observed only in women: the proportion of women who never or rarely engaged in sports decreased from 52.9% in the pre-war cohort to around 43% in subsequent cohorts (p<.001), while the proportion of women who had never smoked was higher in the pre-war cohort (56.1%) than in the war and the baby-boom cohorts (49.8% and 46.8%, respectively, p<.001). Overall, these results show some positive changes in older persons' health behaviors over time. Nevertheless, considerable room remains for improving lifestyles through public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne.,Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre
| | | | - David Nanchen
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne
| | - Juan-Manuel Blanco
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne
| | - Christophe Büla
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old-Age Psychiatry, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre
| | | | - Yves Henchoz
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne
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7
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Zadworna M, Kossakowska K. Health behavior among Polish institutionalized older adults: the effect of resiliency mediated by satisfaction with life. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Resiliency and satisfaction with life are identified as factors related to health behavior in the general population. However, little is known about health behavior and its predictors in public nursing home residents. The purpose of the study was to establish the nature of the relationship between resiliency, satisfaction with life, and health behavior in institutionalized older adults in Poland.
Subject and methods
A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed in public nursing homes in Poland. A total of 161 male and female senior residents aged 60 to 99 (Mean = 76.65, SD = 9.23) were examined. Mediation analysis was performed with the Hayes’ PROCESS macro.
Results
This study revealed that resiliency, satisfaction with life, and health behavior are positively associated with each other in older persons. Satisfaction with life plays a mediating role in the relationship between resiliency and health behavior in residents of long-term care institutions.
Conclusion
Our findings underscore the important role played by personal resources in strengthening interventions and supporting the efforts of nursing home residents to engage in health behavior.
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8
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Feng Z, Cramm JM, Nieboer AP. Associations of Social Cohesion and Socioeconomic Status with Health Behaviours among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094894. [PMID: 34064460 PMCID: PMC8125501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: An understanding of factors associated with health behaviours is critical for the design of appropriate health promotion programmes. Important influences of social cohesion, education, and income on people's health behaviours have been recognised in Western countries. However, little is known about these influences in the older Chinese population. Objective: To investigate associations of social cohesion and socioeconomic status (SES) with health behaviours among middle-aged and older adults in China. Methods: We used data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. Logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were performed. Results: Participants who reported greater social cohesion were more likely to have adequate vegetable and fruit (VF) consumption, be socially active, and less likely to smoke daily, but were not physically more active; participants with lower education levels were less likely to have adequate VF consumption and be socially active, and more likely to smoke daily; higher incomes were associated with decreased odds of daily smoking, increased odds of adequate VF consumption, increased likelihood to be socially active, but also less likelihood to have sufficient physical activity (PA). Associations of social cohesion and SES with health behaviours (smoking, PA, and VF consumption) differed between men and women. Discussion: Our findings are an essential step toward a fuller understanding of the roles of social cohesion and SES in protecting healthy behaviours among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Feng
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.M.C.); (A.P.N.)
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jane M. Cramm
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.M.C.); (A.P.N.)
| | - Anna P. Nieboer
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.M.C.); (A.P.N.)
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Gąska I, Sygit K, Cipora E, Sygit M, Pacian A, Surmach M, Kaleta D, Rzeźnicki A. Assessment of the Health Behaviours and Value-Based Health Analysis of People Aged 50+ Who Were Hospitalized Due to Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084221. [PMID: 33923460 PMCID: PMC8074081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The basic determinant of healthy behaviour—among other human behaviours—is the fact that it consistently affects health. Nowadays, health behaviour studies are considered to be an important method of measuring the health of a population. Objective: To assess the health behaviours and value-based health analysis of people aged 50+ who were hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease, depending on the selected descriptive variables. Materials and methods: The study was conducted between April 2018 and December 2018 among 411 subjects aged 50+ who were hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease at the Independent Public Health Care Unit in Sanok (Podkarpackie voivodship in Poland). The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey. The study used the authors’ survey questionnaire and two standardized tests: Inventory of Health-Related Behaviour (IHB) and List of Health Criteria (LHC). A statistical analysis was carried out in the R program, version 3.5.1. The obtained results were subjected to thorough statistical analysis using the following tests: Student’s t, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD), Pearson, and Spearman. Results: The strongest correlation between health status and health behaviours (according to the IHB questionnaire) was in the area of ‘health practices’, while the lowest correlation was found in the areas of ‘correct eating habits’ and ‘preventive behaviours’. Based on the LHC questionnaire, the most important health criteria according to the subjects were ‘not feeling any physical ailments’; ‘having all body parts functional’; ‘feeling well’; ‘eating properly’; and ‘infrequent need of going to the doctor’. A positive correlation was found in the group of respondents where the ‘preventive health behaviours’ were more intense; herein, the more important criterion for the respondents was ‘eating properly’. Conclusions: Respondents aged 50+ and hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases indicated (based on the IHB questionnaire) that health behaviours in the area of ‘health practices’ had the strongest correlation with their health, while the lowest correlation was found in the areas of ‘correct eating habits’ and ‘preventive behaviours’. According to the respondents, the most important criteria determining health (according to the LHC questionnaire) included ’not feeling any physical ailments’; ‘having all body parts functional’; ‘feeling well’; ‘eating properly’; and ‘infrequent need of going to the doctor’. Based on the information collected from the respondents, it was found that the most important criteria determining health depended on selected descriptive variables, such as age, gender, place of residence, education, and marital status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Gąska
- Medical Institute, Jan Godek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (I.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Sygit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elżbieta Cipora
- Medical Institute, Jan Godek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (I.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Marian Sygit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pacian
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maryna Surmach
- Head of the Department of Public Health and Health Services, Grodno State Medical University, 230009 Grodno, Belarus;
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Rzeźnicki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
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Feng Z, Cramm JM, Nieboer AP. A healthy diet and physical activity are important to promote healthy ageing among older Chinese people. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6061-6081. [PMID: 31709866 PMCID: PMC7045665 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the associations between multiple health behaviours and health outcomes among older Chinese adults. Methods Data from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 1 (2007–2010), collected among the older Chinese population, were included in this study. Smoking, diet, and physical activity were analysed by linear regression for any associations with depressive symptoms, quality of life (QoL), cognitive function, and physical function. Results A total of 13 367 participants aged >49 years were included in the analyses. After controlling for key socioeconomic factors, healthy diet was significantly associated with higher QoL (β = 0.099) and better cognitive function (β = 0.023). Physical activity was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms (β = –0.020), higher QoL (β = 0.086), better cognitive function (β = 0.072), and better physical function (β = –0.155 [higher scores = poorer physical function]). No relationship was found between smoking and any health-related outcome included in this study. Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of healthy diet and physical activity for health outcomes in the older Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Feng
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health
Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
- Department of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Health
Development Research Centre (Shanghai Medical Information Centre), Shanghai,
China
| | - Jane Murray Cramm
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health
Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Anna Petra Nieboer
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health
Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
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11
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Zadworna-Cieślak M. Spirituality, satisfaction with life and health-related behavior of older residents of long-term care institutions-a pilot study. Explore (NY) 2019; 16:123-129. [PMID: 31519423 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality and satisfaction with life are psychological factors related to health behavior. The aim of the study was to determine whether satisfaction with life acts as a mediator in the relationship between the spirituality of residents of long-term care institutions and their health-related behavior. A total of 102 people aged 60-99 were examined. It was found that satisfaction with life played a mediating role in the relationship between spirituality and health behavior. The study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding institutionalized older adults, exploring the role of spirituality and satisfaction with life on lifestyle in nursing home settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zadworna-Cieślak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Department of Health Psychology, Smugowa Street 10/12, 91-433 Łódź, Poland.
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12
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Agyemang-Duah W, Peprah C, Peprah P. "Let's talk about money": how do poor older people finance their healthcare in rural Ghana? A qualitative study. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:47. [PMID: 30894183 PMCID: PMC6425706 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-0927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people utilise more healthcare services and are likely to incur higher healthcare expenditure, however, data on their healthcare financing mechanisms are scarce in low-and middle- income countries including Ghana. In this study, we aimed at exploring how poor older people finance their healthcare in rural Ghana. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 60 study participants comprising 30 poor older people, 15 healthcare providers and 15 caregivers in Atwima Nwabiagya District of Ghana. Data were analysed using thematic analytical framework and presented based on an a posteriori inductive reduction approach. RESULTS The study revealed that poor older people finance their healthcare through personal income, family support, Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty grants and National Health Insurance Scheme subscription. It was also found that poor older people spent between GH¢ 20 and 250 on drugs, laboratory test and hospitalisation anytime they access a healthcare facility. CONCLUSION The findings contribute to our understanding of how poor older people finance their healthcare in rural Ghana. We argue that health stakeholders should strengthen healthcare financing mechanisms for poor older people for optimal healthcare use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Peprah
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prince Peprah
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Built and Natural Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Minahan J, Siedlecki KL. Physical Health Mediates the Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Engagement in Exercise across Age in a German Sample. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018; 3:E39. [PMID: 33466968 PMCID: PMC7739430 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic illness among middle-aged and older adults is increasing worldwide as the population continues to age. One way to prevent the continued increase and subsequent negative outcomes of chronic illness is to increase the number of individuals who engage in exercise. Thus, it is important to examine which factors predict engagement in exercise in middle-aged and older adults. As a result, the current study examined the relationship between physical health, psychological well-being, and engagement in exercise in a sample of middle-aged and older German adults. We found that increased age was associated with less frequent engagement in exercise. We also found that physical health mediated the relationship between psychological well-being and engagement in exercise. Finally, we found that age did not moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and engagement in exercise, suggesting that the role of physical health as a mediator was similar in older adults compared to middle-aged adults. These findings have important implications for interventions seeking to promote exercise among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Minahan
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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14
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Inoue Y, Sato M, Nakazawa M. Association between sporting event attendance and self-rated health: an analysis of multiyear cross-sectional national data in Japan. Glob Health Res Policy 2018; 3:13. [PMID: 29761159 PMCID: PMC5936628 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the extent to which sporting event attendance is associated with self-rated health. Drawing from an economic model of health production and psychological research on the health benefits of psychosocial resources, sporting event attendance was hypothesized to have a positive relationship with self-rated health. Methods A two-level multilevel ordered logistic regression was used to analyze multiyear cross-sectional data collected from national surveys in Japan. Results The results demonstrate that, controlling for the effects of personal and environmental characteristics, sporting event attendance positively correlates with self-rated health over a 12-year period. Specifically, when compared to individuals who did not attend any sporting event during the past year, those who attended a sporting event were 33% more likely to indicate a higher level of self-rated health. Conclusions These findings provide evidence for a positive association between sport spectatorship and the perception of general health and contribute to the literature examining the relationship between sport spectatorship and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Inoue
- 1School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 218 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Mikihiro Sato
- 2Hart School of Hospitality, Sport and Recreation Management, James Madison University, Godwin Hall 355, MSC 2305, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA
| | - Makoto Nakazawa
- 3Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan
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15
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Alfoukha MM, Hamdan-Mansour AM, Banihani MA. Social and Psychological Factors Related to Risk of Eating Disorders Among High School Girls. J Sch Nurs 2017; 35:169-177. [PMID: 29073811 DOI: 10.1177/1059840517737140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) has increased among adolescents in Arabic and Western countries. The purposes are to identify the risk of ED and psychosocial correlates of risk of ED among high school girls in Jordan. The researchers employed a cross-sectional, correlational design using 799 high school girls from governmental and private schools in the central region of Jordan. The results indicate that prevalence of the risk of ED was 12%. The risk of ED had significant and positive correlation with body shape dissatisfaction, self-esteem, psychological distress, and pressure from family, peers, and media ( p < .001). Body shape dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, negative peer pressure, and being young were significant predictors of the risk of EDs. Risk of ED is highly prevalent among high school girls, and school nurses need to adopt a model of care addressing the risk factors while caring for high school girls.
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16
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Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviors, Obesity and Self-Rated Health among Older Arabs in Israel. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2017; 32:115-130. [PMID: 27484326 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-016-9301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in health are well documented. Recently, researchers have shown interest in exploring the mechanisms by which measures of SES operate through it to impact SRH, such as material, psychosocial and behavioral factors. To examine the relationships between SES indicators and self-rated health (SRH); and to determine whether health behaviors and obesity mediate the association between SES indicators and SRH. A secondary analysis of data previously collected through the third survey of socioeconomic and health status of the Arab population in Israel, in which the SRH of 878 Arab-Israelis age 50 or older were analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed that higher education level and current employment in old age are associated with better SRH. However, neither subjective economic status nor family income was associated with SRH. Greater physical activity was found to be related to good\very good SRH, while obesity was associated with less than good SRH. Finally, health behaviors (physical activity) and obesity were revealed as mediators between SES indicators (education and employment status) and SRH. The results highlight the importance of high education level and employment status in old age to reduce health inequalities. The findings also show that the relationship between SES and SRH can operate through behavioral mechanisms (i.e., physical activity) and their consequences (i.e., obesity), that can, however, be changed in old age.
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17
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Adebayo FA, Itkonen ST, Koponen P, Prättälä R, Härkänen T, Lamberg-Allardt C, Erkkola M. Consumption of healthy foods and associated socio-demographic factors among Russian, Somali and Kurdish immigrants in Finland. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:277-287. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494817693457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: We evaluated the consumption of healthy foods among Russian, Somali and Kurdish immigrants in Finland, and examined the relationship between socio-demographic factors and food consumption. Methods: We used data from the Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu), a population-based health interview and examination survey in six different municipalities in Finland between 2010 and 2012. Altogether, 635 men and 737 women, aged 18–64 years, of Russian ( n = 527), Somali ( n = 337) and Kurdish ( n = 508) origin were included. The important socio-demographic determinants of healthy food consumption – sex, age, education, place of residence and household size – were assessed by logistic regression. Results: Based on the consumption frequencies of recommended healthy foods – fruits, berries, vegetables, fish and rye bread – immigrants of Russian origin had higher consumption of healthy foods than their peers of Kurdish and Somali origin. Low consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits and berries was found among Somali immigrants. Sex and age were the most important determinants of healthy food consumption, as women and older age groups had diets closer to the national nutrition recommendations. High educational level was also positively associated with healthy food consumption. Conclusions: We found ethnic differences in the consumption of healthy foods among the immigrant groups of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin in Finland. Socio-demographic factors, especially age, sex and education, seem to also play an important role in immigrants’ food consumption. Further studies examining the consumption of fruits, berries and fresh vegetables among Somali immigrants in Finland are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folasade A. Adebayo
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Itkonen
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ritva Prättälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christel Lamberg-Allardt
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Sadana R, Blas E, Budhwani S, Koller T, Paraje G. Healthy Ageing: Raising Awareness of Inequalities, Determinants, and What Could Be Done to Improve Health Equity. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017; 56 Suppl 2:S178-93. [PMID: 26994259 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Social and scientific discourses on healthy ageing and on health equity are increasingly available, yet from a global perspective limited conceptual and analytical work connecting both has been published. This review was done to inform the WHO World Report on Ageing and Health and to inform and encourage further work addressing both healthy aging and equity. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted an extensive literature review on the overlap between both topics, privileging publications from 2005 onward, from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. We also reviewed evidence generated around the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, applicable to ageing and health across the life course. RESULTS Based on data from 194 countries, we highlight differences in older adults' health and consider three issues: First, multilevel factors that contribute to differences in healthy ageing, across contexts; second, policies or potential entry points for action that could serve to reduce unfair differences (health inequities); and third, new research areas to address the cause of persistent inequities and gaps in evidence on what can be done to increase healthy ageing and health equity. IMPLICATIONS Each of these areas warrant in depth analysis and synthesis, whereas this article presents an overview for further consideration and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sadana
- Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Erik Blas
- International Public Health and Development, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suman Budhwani
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theadora Koller
- Gender, Equity and Human Rights Team, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gordeev VS, Goryakin Y, McKee M, Stuckler D, Roberts B. Economic shocks and health resilience: lessons from the Russian Federation. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016; 38:e409-e418. [PMID: 28158731 PMCID: PMC6092918 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite extensive research on determinants of health, there is much less information on factors protecting health among those exposed to economic shocks. Using longitudinal data from the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet period, we examined individual-level factors that enhance resilience of health to economic shocks. Methods Logistic regression analysed factors associated with good self-assessed health (SAH) and health resilience, using pooled samples from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey-Higher School of Economics (1994–2012). Results The general population consistently reported ‘average’ SAH, indicating almost invariant trends over the years. Male gender was the strongest predictor of good SAH and health resilience. Other factors positively associated with good SAH were age, higher education, employment, residing in rural areas, living in a larger and/or non-poor household. Among unemployed and those remaining unemployed, residing in rural areas, living in a larger and/or non-poor household remained the strongest predictors of good SAH and health resilience. These same factors were also important for males with recent job loss. Conclusions Several factors predicting good SAH in the general population also influence health resilience factors among those remaining unemployed and experiencing a job loss. Such factors help to identify those most vulnerable and aid targeting assistance during economic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yevgeniy Goryakin
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- ECOHOST-Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - David Stuckler
- Department of Sociology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3UQ, UK
| | - Bayard Roberts
- ECOHOST-Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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Gennuso KP, Jovaag A, Catlin BB, Rodock M, Park H. Assessment of Factors Contributing to Health Outcomes in the Eight States of the Mississippi Delta Region. Prev Chronic Dis 2016; 13:E33. [PMID: 26940300 PMCID: PMC4778371 DOI: 10.5888/pcd13.150440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this observational study was to examine the key contributors to health outcomes and to better understand the health disparities between Delta and non-Delta counties in 8 states in the Mississippi River Delta Region. We hypothesized that a unique set of contributors to health outcomes in the Delta counties could explain the disparities between Delta and non-Delta counties. Methods Data were from the 2014 County Health Rankings for counties in 8 states (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee). We used the Delta Regional Authority definition to identify the 252 Delta counties and 468 non-Delta counties or county equivalents. Information on health factors (eg, health behaviors, clinical care) and outcomes (eg, mortality) were derived from 38 measures from the 2014 County Health Rankings. The contributions of health factors to health outcomes in Delta and non-Delta counties were examined using path analysis. Results We found similarities between Delta counties and non-Delta counties in the health factors (eg, tobacco use, diet and exercise) that significantly predicted the health outcomes of self-rated health and low birthweight. The most variation was seen in predictors of mortality; however, Delta counties shared 2 of the 3 significant predictors (ie, community safety and income) of mortality with non-Delta counties. On average across all measures, values in the Delta were 16% worse than in the non-Delta and 22% worse than in the rest of the United States. Conclusion The health status of Delta counties is poorer than that of non-Delta counties because the health factors that contribute to health outcomes in the entire region are worse in the Delta counties, not because of a unique set of health predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith P Gennuso
- University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, 575C WARF Office Building, 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726.
| | - Amanda Jovaag
- University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bridget B Catlin
- University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew Rodock
- University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hyojun Park
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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21
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Blázquez Abellán G, López-Torres Hidalgo JD, Rabanales Sotos J, López-Torres López J, Val Jiménez CL. [Healthy eating and self-perception of health]. Aten Primaria 2016; 48:535-542. [PMID: 26920449 PMCID: PMC6877839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Determinar si en mayores de 50 años existe asociación entre el estado de salud percibido, una alimentación saludable y otros estilos de vida. Diseño Estudio observacional transversal. Emplazamiento Ocho zonas básicas de salud del área sanitaria de Albacete. Participantes Un total de 781 sujetos, de 50 a 74 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo simple aleatorio. Mediciones principales Variables: autopercepción de salud (cuestionario EuroQol-5D), hábitos alimentarios (cuestionario sobre frecuencia de consumo de alimentos), actividad física (cuestionario IPAQ), hábitos tóxicos, problemas de salud (clasificación internacional de atención primaria) y características sociodemográficas. Resultados La edad media fue de 61,4 años (DE: 6,6) y la proporción de mujeres, del 60,1%. En una escala de 0-100 la puntuación media en el estado de salud percibido fue de 74,0 (DE: 15,2). Dicha puntuación presentó una débil correlación con el número de criterios de alimentación saludable (r = 0,078; p = 0,03). Se observó una tendencia lineal (p = 0,001) entre intensidad de ejercicio físico y mejor autopercepción de salud. En fumadores la puntuación fue inferior (DE: 70,9 ± 15,6 vs. DE: 74,9 ± 15,1; p = 0,004). Mediante regresión múltiple el número de criterios de alimentación saludable mantuvo una asociación con la puntuación en el estado de salud percibido (p = 0,04), una vez ajustado el modelo por características sociodemográficas, número de problemas de salud y hábitos tóxicos. Conclusiones En mayores de 50 años el nivel de salud autopercibida se asocia al cumplimiento de los criterios de una alimentación saludable, lo cual es independiente de otros hábitos de salud y de las principales variables sociodemográficas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseba Rabanales Sotos
- Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España
| | | | - Carmen Ll Val Jiménez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España
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Abstract
eHealth is an umbrella term incorporating any area that combines healthcare and technology to improve efficiencies and reduce costs. The ultimate goal of eHealth is to rationalize treatment selection to improve patient safety and outcomes. Telemedicine, first used in the 1920s, is the oldest form of eHealth. The introduction of broadband Internet, followed by wireless technologies, has allowed an explosion of mHealth applications within this field. Wearable technologies, such as smartwatches, are now being used for diagnostics and patient monitoring. Challenges remain to develop reusable Clinical Decision Support systems that will streamline the flow of data from clinical laboratories to point of care. This review explores the history of eHealth, and describes some of the remaining integration and implementation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor van Rooij
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharon Marsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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